The timing of biological events in plants and animals, such as migration and reproduction, is shifting due to climate change. Anadromous fishes are particularly susceptible to these shifts as they are subject to strong seasonal cycles when transitioning between marine and freshwater habitats to spawn. We used linear models to determine the extent of phenological shifts in adult Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus as they migrated from ocean to freshwater environments during spring to spawn at 12 sites along the northeastern USA. We also evaluated broadscale oceanic and atmospheric drivers that trigger their movements from offshore to inland habitats, including sea surface temperature, North Atlantic Oscillation index, and Gulf Stream index. Run timing metrics of initiation, median (an indicator of peak run timing), end, and duration were found to vary among sites. Although most sites showed negligible shifts towards earlier timing, statistically significant changes were detected in three systems. Overall, winter sea surface temperature, spring and fall transition dates, and annual run size were the strongest predictors of run initiation and median dates, while a combination of within-season and seasonal-lag effects influenced run end and duration timing. Disparate results observed across the 12 spawning runs suggest that regional environmental processes were not consistent drivers of phenology and local environmental and ecological conditions may be more important. Additional years of data to extend time series and monitoring of Alewife timing and movements in nearshore habitats may provide important information about staging behaviors just before adults transition between ocean and freshwater habitats.
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]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, Rebecca M.","contributorId":289643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalton","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheppard, John J.","contributorId":200171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheppard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, John T.","contributorId":270782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finn","given":"John T.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jordaan, Adrian","contributorId":240665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordaan","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":206655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70230217,"text":"70230217 - 2022 - Considerations for creating equitable and inclusive communication campaigns associated with ShakeAlert, the earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-10T21:22:17.746379","indexId":"70230217","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-05T09:36:10","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10535,"text":"Journal of Disaster Prevention and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Considerations for creating equitable and inclusive communication campaigns associated with ShakeAlert, the earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the USA","docAbstract":"Purpose
The 2019 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR) cites earthquakes as the most damaging natural hazard globally, causing billions of dollars of damage and killing thousands of people. Earthquakes have the potential to drastically impact physical, social and economic landscapes; to reduce this risk, earthquake early warning (EEW) systems have been developed. However, these technical EEW systems do not operate in a vacuum; the inequities in social systems, along with the needs of diverse populations, must be considered when developing these systems and their associated communication campaigns.
Design/methodology/approach
This article reviews aspects of social vulnerability as they relate to ShakeAlert, the EEW system for the USA. The authors identified two theories (relationship management theory and mute group theory) to inform self-reflective questions for agencies managing campaigns for EEW systems, which can assist in the development of more inclusive communication practices. Finally, the authors suggest this work contributes to important conversations about diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) issues within early warning systems and earthquake preparedness campaigns in general.
Findings
To increase inclusivity, Macnamara (2012) argues that self-reflective questioning while analyzing perspective, philosophy and approaches for a campaign can help. Specific to EEW campaigns, developers may find self-reflective questions a useful approach to increase inclusion. These questions are guided by two theories and are explored in the paper.
Research limitations/implications
Several research limitations exist. First, this work explores two theories to develop a combined theoretical model for self-reflective questions. Further research is required to determine if this approach and the combination of these two theories have adequately informed the development of the reflective questions.
Orginality/value
The authors could find little peer-reviewed work examining DEI for EEW systems, and ShakeAlert in particular. While articles on early warning systems exist that explore aspects of this, EEW and ShakeAlert, with its very limited time frames for warnings, creates unique challenges.
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) geoform, substrate, and biotic component geographic information system (GIS) products were developed for the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (U.S. EEZ) of south-central California in the region of Santa Lucia Bank motivated by interest in development of offshore wind-energy capacity and infrastructure. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), in coordination with the State of California and many other members of the California Task Force, issued calls for information in 2018 for the study area offshore of Morro Bay, California. The study area is in depths of 500 to 1,200 meters (m) and adjacent to a decommissioned nuclear power plant with a developed electric grid connection, and in an area of high wind resource. BOEM is the lead agency responsible for planning and leasing in the U.S. EEZ and funded this project to assess baseline conditions of, and the potential effects on, the seafloor environment. This project, carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), resulted in three reports: one on biological analysis of seafloor video data, one on analysis of the geologic framework and hazards, and this report on seafloor habitat. The study area consists of 8,424 square kilometers (km2) of multibeam echo sounder (MBES) data acquired during five surveys from 2016 to 2019. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) video was acquired in 2019 to supervise the classification of the MBES data into habitats. Derivatives of the MBES data were classified into 16 unique biotopes, 6 substrate types, 28 modifier groups, and 22 geoforms. The study area substrate is predominantly soft sediment (mud and fine sand) covering 7,804 km2 (92.7 percent) of the area. Mixed substrate areas on rocky banks, channel scarps, and the shelf break comprise 404 km2 (4.8 percent) of the study area. Hard substrate areas are found predominantly on the tops and flanks of banks and on bank ridges that separate canyons incising the banks. Hard substrates comprise 211 km2 of the study area (2.5 percent). After the bathymetry and backscatter raster images (rasters) were classified, manual editing was also done to remove noise artifacts. This effort was not completely successful and there are numerous erroneous small areas in the rasters that have been passed on to the CMECS polygon product. Nearly 120,000 annotations of organisms and their habitat were made from 25 video transects selected from 185 hours of ROV video. In total, 2,714 km2 of seafloor were successfully assigned to biotopes. Some biotopes were assigned to separate areas spatially distant from the transects that define the biotope. Expected relations between physical habitat and biota such as the number of species and the substrate induration and rugosity were verified. Slope is typically a predictive variable and was used in the classification of habitat, but the ground truth used for biotic component analysis included very little steeply sloping area. Ground-truth ROV operations were reduced by the sea state; additional ground truth could improve the biotic results and increase confidence in the spatial distribution of classifications reported here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute","programNote":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management OCS Study BOEM 2021–045","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Kuhnz, L.A. Gilbane, L., Dartnell, P., Walton, M.A.L., and Paull, C.K., 2022, California Deepwater Investigations and Groundtruthing (Cal DIG) I, volume 3—Benthic habitat characterization offshore Morro Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1035 [also released as Bureau of Ocean Energy Management OCS Study BOEM 2021–045], 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221035.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129519","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398057,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QQZ27U","text":"Multibeam echo sounder, video observation, and derived benthic habitat data offshore of south-central California in support of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Cal DIG I, offshore alternative energy project","description":"Cochrane, G.R., Kuhnz, L.A., Gilbane, L., Dartnell, P., and Walton, M.A., 2022, Multibeam echo sounder, video observation, and derived benthic habitat data offshore of south-central California in support of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Cal DIG I, offshore alternative energy project: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QQZ27U."},{"id":398055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1035/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":398056,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1035/ofr20221035.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Morro Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.48431396484375,\n 34.863397850419524\n ],\n [\n -120.9210205078125,\n 35.574682600980914\n ],\n [\n -121.31103515625,\n 35.94243575255426\n ],\n [\n -121.45660400390624,\n 36.04465753921525\n ],\n [\n -122.36846923828125,\n 35.628279555648845\n ],\n [\n -122.09930419921876,\n 34.66032236481892\n ],\n [\n -120.48431396484375,\n 34.863397850419524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Although bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and tailed frogs (Ascaphus montanus) have co-existed in forested Pacific Northwest streams for millennia, these iconic cold-water specialists are experiencing rapid environmental change caused by a warming climate and enhanced wildfire activity. Our goal was to inform future conservation by examining the habitat associations of each species and conditions that facilitate co-occupancy. We repurposed data from previous studies in the northern Rocky Mountains to assess the efficacy of bull trout electrofishing surveys for determining the occurrence of tailed frogs and the predictive capacity of habitat covariates derived from in-stream measurements and geospatial sources to model distributions of both species. Electrofishing reliably detected frog presence (89.2% rate). Both species were strongly associated with stream temperature and flow regime characteristics, and less responsive to riparian canopy cover, slope, and other salmonids. Tailed frogs were also sensitive to wildfire, with occupancy probability peaking around 80 years after a fire. Co-occupancy was most probable in locations with low-to-moderate frequencies of high winter flow events, few other salmonids, a low base-flow index, and intermediate years since fire. The distributions of these species appear to be sensitive to environmental conditions that are changing this century in forests of the northern Rocky Mountains. The amplification of climate-driven effects after wildfire may prove to be particularly problematic in the future. Habitat differences between these two species, considered to be headwater specialists, suggest that conservation measures designed for one may not fully protect the other. Additional studies involving future climate and wildfire scenarios are needed to assess broader conservation strategies and the potential to identify refuge streams where both species are likely to persist, or complementary streams where each could exist separately into the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w14071162","usgsCitation":"Pilliod, D., Arkle, R.S., Thurow, R.F., and Isaak, D.J., 2022, Hydroclimatic conditions, wildfire, and species assemblages influence co-occurrence of bull trout and tailed frogs in northern Rocky Mountain streams: Water, v. 14, no. 7, 1162, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w14071162.","productDescription":"1162, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137594","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14071162","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":398215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"northern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -111.26953125,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -111.26953125,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 43.77109381775651\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":229349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arkle, Robert S. 0000-0003-3021-1389","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-1389","contributorId":218006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurow, Russel F","contributorId":289775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurow","given":"Russel","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":62244,"text":"USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Isaak, Dan J","contributorId":289776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Isaak","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":62244,"text":"USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230314,"text":"70230314 - 2022 - Evaluating sources of bias in pedigree-based estimates of breeding population size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T15:41:48.075522","indexId":"70230314","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-05T08:47:42","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating sources of bias in pedigree-based estimates of breeding population size","docAbstract":"Applications of genetic-based estimates of population size are expanding, especially for species for which traditional demographic estimation methods are intractable due to the rarity of adult encounters. Estimates of breeding population size (NS) are particularly amenable to genetic-based approaches as the parameter can be estimated using pedigrees reconstructed from genetic data gathered from discrete juvenile cohorts, therefore eliminating the need to sample adults in the population. However, a critical evaluation of how genotyping and sampling effort influence bias in pedigree reconstruction, and how these biases subsequently influence estimates of NS, is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the approach under a range of scenarios. We simulated a model system to understand the interactive effects of genotyping and sampling effort on error in genetic pedigrees reconstructed from the program COLONY. We then evaluated how errors in pedigree reconstruction influenced bias and precision in estimates of NS using three different rarefaction estimators. Results indicated that pedigree error can be minimal when adequate genetic data are available, such as when juvenile sample sizes are large and/or individuals are genotyped at many informative loci. However, even in cases for which data are limited, using results of the simulation analysis to understand the magnitude and sources of bias in reconstructed pedigrees can still be informative when estimating NS. We applied results of the simulation analysis to evaluate NˆS for a population of federally endangered Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) in the Delaware River, USA. Our results indicated that NS is likely to be three orders of magnitude lower compared with historic breeding population sizes, which is a considerable advancement in our understanding of the population status of Atlantic sturgeon in the Delaware River. Our analyses are broadly applicable in the design and interpretation of studies seeking to estimate NS and can help to guide conservation decisions when ecological uncertainty is high. The utility of these results is expected to grow as rapid advances in genetic technologies increase the popularity of genetic population monitoring and estimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2602","usgsCitation":"White, S.L., Sard, N.M., Brundage III, H., Johnson, R.L., Lubinski, B.A., Eackles, M.S., Park, I.A., Fox, D.A., and Kazyak, D., 2022, Evaluating sources of bias in pedigree-based estimates of breeding population size: Ecological Applications, v. 32, no. 5, e2602, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2602.","productDescription":"e2602, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114638","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2602","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":398310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.794677734375,\n 39.614152077002664\n ],\n [\n -74.542236328125,\n 39.614152077002664\n ],\n [\n -74.542236328125,\n 41.40153558289846\n ],\n [\n -75.794677734375,\n 41.40153558289846\n ],\n [\n -75.794677734375,\n 39.614152077002664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Shannon L. 0000-0003-4687-6596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-6596","contributorId":263424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sard, Nicholas M","contributorId":289872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sard","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":48660,"text":"SUNY Oswego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brundage III, Harold M","contributorId":289873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brundage III","given":"Harold M","affiliations":[{"id":62274,"text":"Environmental Research and Consulting Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Robin L. 0000-0003-4314-3792 rjohnson1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-3792","contributorId":224717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Robin","email":"rjohnson1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lubinski, Barbara A. 0000-0003-3568-2569","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2569","contributorId":202483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eackles, Michael S. 0000-0001-5624-5769 meackles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-5769","contributorId":218936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eackles","given":"Michael","email":"meackles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Park, Ian A","contributorId":289876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Park","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":62277,"text":"DNREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fox, Dewayne A.","contributorId":117052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Dewayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12970,"text":"Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kazyak, David C. 0000-0001-9860-4045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-4045","contributorId":202481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kazyak","given":"David C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70241857,"text":"70241857 - 2022 - Resist-accept-direct (RAD) considerations for climate change adaptation in fisheries: The Wisconsin experience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T12:27:44.143585","indexId":"70241857","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-05T07:25:50","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resist-accept-direct (RAD) considerations for climate change adaptation in fisheries: The Wisconsin experience","docAbstract":"Decision-makers in inland fisheries management must balance ecologically and socially palatable objectives for ecosystem services within financial or physical constraints. Climate change has transformed the potential range of ecosystem services available. The Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD) framework offers a foundation for responding to climate-induced ecosystem modification; however, ecosystem trajectories and current practices must be understood to improve future decisions. Using Wisconsin's diverse inland fisheries as a case study, management strategies for recreational and subsistence fisheries in response to climate change were reviewed within the RAD framework. Current strategies largely focus on resist actions, while future strategies may need to shift toward accept or direct actions. A participatory adaptive management framework and co-production of policies between state and tribal agencies could prioritise lakes for appropriate management action, with the goal of providing a landscape of diverse fishing opportunities. This knowledge co-production represents a process of social learning requiring substantial investments of funding and time.
1. Large-scale, long-term biodiversity monitoring is essential to conservation, land management, and identifying threats to biodiversity. However, multispecies surveys are prone to various types of observation error, including false positive/negative detection, and misclassification, where a species is thought to have been encountered but not correctly identified. Previous methods assume an imperfect classifier produces species-level classifications, but in practice, particularly with human observers, we may end up with extraspecific classifications including `unknown', morphospecies designations, and taxonomic identifications coarser than species. Disregarding these types of species misclassification in biodiversity monitoring datasets can bias estimates of ecologically important quantities such as demographic ratess, occurrence, and species richness.
2. Here we present a joint classification-occupancy model that accounts for species non-detection and misclassification. Our framework accommodates extinction and colonization dynamics, allows for additional uncertain `morphospecies' designations, and makes use of individual specimens with known species identities in a semi-supervised setting. We compare the performance of our model to a classification-only model that discards information about occupancy and encounter rate. We illustrate our model with an empirical case study of the carabid beetle (Carabidae) community at the National Ecological Observatory Network Niwot Ridge Mountain Research Station, near Boulder, CO, USA. We also use simulations to evaluate model performance through validation metrics where varying fractions of the data are confirmed.
3. The model supported imperfect classifier accuracy and favored certain true species classifications strongly for some morphospecies. The model outperformed (e.g., precision) the reduced model that discarded occupancy information, and these differences were most pronounced for abundant species.
4. Spatial and temporal dynamics from modeled occupancy and encounter rates may inform species misclassification probability, but this idea has not yet been tested. Our statistical framework explores this opportunity, and can be applied to datasets with imperfect species detection and classification, limited verification data, and non-species classifications.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.13858","usgsCitation":"Spiers, A., Royle, A., Torrens, C., and Joseph, M., 2022, Estimating species misclassification with occupancy dynamics and encounter rates: A semi-supervised, individual-level approach: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 13, no. 7, p. 1528-1539, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13858.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1528","endPage":"1539","ipdsId":"IP-127556","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13858","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":398632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398615,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/2041-210X.13858"}],"volume":"13","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spiers, Anna","contributorId":290178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiers","given":"Anna","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torrens, Christa","contributorId":290179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torrens","given":"Christa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62371,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joseph, Maxwell","contributorId":290181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joseph","given":"Maxwell","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70235749,"text":"70235749 - 2022 - Reevaluation of the role of blocked Oropsylla hirsuta prairie dog fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) in Yersinia pestis (Enterobacterales: Enterobacteriaceae) transmission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T11:49:24.032807","indexId":"70235749","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-05T06:47:36","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reevaluation of the role of blocked Oropsylla hirsuta prairie dog fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) in Yersinia pestis (Enterobacterales: Enterobacteriaceae) transmission","docAbstract":"Prairie dogs in the western United States experience periodic epizootics of plague, caused by the flea-borne bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis. An early study indicated that Oropsylla hirsuta (Baker), often the most abundant prairie dog flea vector of plague, seldom transmits Y. pestis by the classic blocked flea mechanism. More recently, an alternative early-phase mode of transmission has been proposed as the driving force behind prairie dog epizootics. In this study, using the same flea infection protocol used previously to evaluate early-phase transmission, we assessed the vector competence of O. hirsuta for both modes of transmission. Proventricular blockage was evident during the first two weeks after infection and transmission during this time was at least as efficient as early-phase transmission 2 d after infection. Thus, both modes of transmission likely contribute to plague epizootics in prairie dogs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjac021","usgsCitation":"Miarinjara, A., Eads, D.A., Bland, D.M., Matchett, M.R., Biggins, D.E., and Hinnebusch, B.J., 2022, Reevaluation of the role of blocked Oropsylla hirsuta prairie dog fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) in Yersinia pestis (Enterobacterales: Enterobacteriaceae) transmission: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 59, no. 3, p. 1053-1059, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjac021.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1053","endPage":"1059","ipdsId":"IP-135601","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjac021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":405252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miarinjara, Adelaide","contributorId":295322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miarinjara","given":"Adelaide","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13450,"text":"NIH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":849180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bland, David M.","contributorId":295324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bland","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13450,"text":"NIH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matchett, Marc R.","contributorId":193409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matchett","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hinnebusch, B. Joseph","contributorId":295326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinnebusch","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":13450,"text":"NIH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70230198,"text":"70230198 - 2022 - Insights into the geometry and evolution of the southern San Andreas Fault from geophysical data, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T16:40:01.185502","indexId":"70230198","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-04T11:28:13","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into the geometry and evolution of the southern San Andreas Fault from geophysical data, southern California","docAbstract":"Two new joint gravity-magnetic models in northern Coachella Valley provide additional evidence for a steep northeast dip of the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas fault (southern California, USA). Gravity modeling indicates a steep northeast dip of the Banning fault in the upper 1–2 km in northern Coachella Valley. The Mission Creek strand and its continuation to the southeast (Coachella segment) coincide with the northeastern margin of a Cenozoic basin and are marked by prominent gravity and magnetic gradients that are consistent with these strands of the San Andreas fault having accommodated >160 km of right-lateral and 1–5 km of vertical displacement. These anomalies are best fit by a moderate to steep northeast dip. Such a geometry is further supported by seismicity, reflectivity, geodesy, and boundary-element modeling. We explore the possibility that these fault strands forming the margin of Coachella Valley were originally near vertical and have rotated into their present orientation by underplating of a localized high-velocity, lower-crustal prong within the Peninsular Ranges batholith. Reconstructions of San Andreas fault offset suggest that this crystalline body was translated into the San Gorgonio Pass area at the time of major fault reorganization at 1.1–1.3 Ma.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02378.1","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Fuis, G.S., 2022, Insights into the geometry and evolution of the southern San Andreas Fault from geophysical data, southern California: Geosphere, v. 18, no. 2, p. 458-475, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02378.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"475","ipdsId":"IP-121599","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02378.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":398021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coachella Valley, San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 29.83111376473715\n ],\n [\n -111.42333984375,\n 29.83111376473715\n ],\n [\n -111.42333984375,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 29.83111376473715\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":216217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":204656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70230181,"text":"ofr20221016 - 2022 - Preliminary geologic map of early Miocene felsic eruptive centers in the Aquarius Mountains, west-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-27T19:54:00.201269","indexId":"ofr20221016","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-04T10:09:33","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1016","displayTitle":"Preliminary Geologic Map of Early Miocene Felsic Eruptive Centers in the Aquarius Mountains, West-Central Arizona","title":"Preliminary geologic map of early Miocene felsic eruptive centers in the Aquarius Mountains, west-central Arizona","docAbstract":"The first author, Gary S. Fuis, conducted this mapping in the summer of 1967 in partial fulfillment of the entry requirements into the Ph.D program of the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. The area mapped lies wholly within the Fort Rock Ranch, a private ranch spanning ~50 square miles in Mohave and Yavapai Counties, Arizona. Access to the ranch is limited, and it is uncertain whether a detailed geologic map of the Aquarius Mountains can be recreated today. Therefore, we are making this map available to the public in this Open-File Report.
The original mapping was compiled on an enlarged single aerial photograph at an approximate scale of 1:15,600. The second author, J. Luke Blair, photogrammetrically rectified the original map and added modern topography, which was not available at the time the original map was completed. Modern roads and drainages were also added, including I–40, built after the original map was completed. Both authors reformatted the original map using current USGS geologic map standards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221016","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G.S, and Blair, J.L., 2022, Preliminary geologic map of early Miocene felsic eruptive centers in the Aquarius Mountains, west-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022-1016, scale 1:15,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221016.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 65.39 × 42.11 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-123374","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501761,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112843.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1016/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":397988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1016/ofr20221016_sheet.pdf","size":"26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"15000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Aquarius Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.73046875,\n 34.86001735420488\n ],\n [\n -113.10,\n 34.86001735420488\n ],\n [\n -113.10,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -113.73046875,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -113.73046875,\n 34.86001735420488\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Many introduced plants pose invasion risks globally and threaten the biodiversity of native ecosystems. Such non-native plants can become invasive when they have advantages over native plants, such as having fewer natural enemies. Invasive plants often have the ability to alter ecosystem properties after they have become established, which can make it difficult to eliminate the invasive. In principle, this can cause a regime shift that may not be reversed through intense control efforts that increase mortality and reduce growth of the invasive species. Here we use spatially explicit agent-based modeling to simulate the invasion of an introduced tree species into a habitat occupied by a native species. The model describes an invasive tree with fast growth and high seed production and, in addition, produces litter that has a suppressive effect on native seedlings. These are properties, for example, shared by the invasive Melaleuca quinquenervia in southern Florida habitats. We use simulation modeling to test the following logical hypotheses: Partial suppression of native tree seedlings by the invasive tree's litter (1) will accelerate the spread of the invasive tree into native vegetation, (2) will impede efforts to control invasive spread through biocontrol, and (3) can cause a regime shift that is not reversed even if the biocontrol lowers invasive growth and reproduction to levels substantially lower than those of the native species. Additionally, (4) the earlier in the invasion biocontrol is introduced, the more effective it will be in reversing the invasion. The simulations support all four hypotheses. While these results highlight the potential for biocontrol of invasive tree species, our findings also suggest that successful elimination of positive litter feedbacks and invasive spread may critically depend on the timing of control efforts within the invasion process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109962","usgsCitation":"Lu, Y., DeAngelis, D.L., Xia, J., and Jiang, J., 2022, Modeling the impact of invasive species litter on conditions affecting its spread and potential regime shift: Ecological Modelling, v. 468, 109962, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109962.","productDescription":"109962, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-134210","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"468","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Yuanming","contributorId":298492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Yuanming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35560,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":148065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, Junfei","contributorId":298493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xia","given":"Junfei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64593,"text":"Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":191968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230925,"text":"70230925 - 2022 - Space use and site fidelity of wintering whooping cranes on the Texas Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T16:52:55.346919","indexId":"70230925","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-04T08:28:12","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space use and site fidelity of wintering whooping cranes on the Texas Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"The Aransas-Wood Buffalo population (the only non-reintroduced, migratory population) of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) overwinters along the Texas Gulf Coast, USA. Understanding whooping crane space use on the wintering grounds reveals essential aspects of this species' ecology, which subsequently assists with conservation. Using global positioning system telemetry data from marked whooping cranes during 2009–2017, we fit continuous-time stochastic process models to describe movement and home range using autocorrelated kernel density estimation (AKDE) and explored variation in home range size in relation to age, sex, reproductive status, and drought conditions. We used the Bhattacharyya coefficient of overlap and distance between home range centroids to quantify site fidelity. We examined the effects of time between winter home ranges and the sex of the crane on site fidelity using Bayesian mixed-effects beta regression. Winter whooping crane 95% AKDE home range size averaged 30.1 ± 45.2 (SD) km2 (median = 14.3, range = 1.1–308.6). Home ranges of sub-adult females were approximately 2 times larger than those of sub-adult males or families. As drought worsened, home ranges typically expanded. Between consecutive years, the home ranges of an adult crane exhibited 68 ± 31% overlap (site fidelity), but fidelity to winter sites declined in subsequent winters. The overlap of adult home ranges with the nearest unrelated family averaged 33 ± 28%. As a whooping crane aged, overlap with its winter home range as a juvenile declined, regardless of sex. By 4 years of age, a whooping crane had approximately 14 ± 28% overlap with its juvenile winter home range. Limited evidence suggested male whooping cranes return to within 2 km of their juvenile home range by their fifth winter. Previous data obtained from aerial surveys led ecologists to assume that whooping crane families normally used small areas (~2 km2) and expressed persistent site fidelity. Our analyses showed <8% of families had home ranges ≤2 km2, with the average area 15 times greater, and waning site fidelity over time. Our work represents an analysis of whooping crane home ranges for this population, identifying past misconceptions of winter space use and resulting in better estimates of space requirements for future conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22226","usgsCitation":"Butler, M.J., Stewart, D., Harris, G.M., Bidwell, M., and Pearse, A.T., 2022, Space use and site fidelity of wintering whooping cranes on the Texas Gulf Coast: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 86, no. 5, e22226, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22226.","productDescription":"e22226, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132895","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Aransas National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.327880859375,\n 27.858503954841247\n ],\n [\n -96.3006591796875,\n 27.858503954841247\n ],\n [\n -96.3006591796875,\n 28.420391085674304\n ],\n [\n -97.327880859375,\n 28.420391085674304\n ],\n [\n -97.327880859375,\n 27.858503954841247\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, Matthew J","contributorId":239688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, David R.","contributorId":141323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Grant M","contributorId":290710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Grant","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bidwell, Mark T.","contributorId":139204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bidwell","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[{"id":12696,"text":"Environmental Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70243334,"text":"70243334 - 2022 - A geomorphic-process-based cellular automata model of colluvial wedge morphology and stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T12:18:16.040791","indexId":"70243334","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-04T07:16:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7942,"text":"Earth Surface Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geomorphic-process-based cellular automata model of colluvial wedge morphology and stratigraphy","docAbstract":"The development of colluvial wedges at the base of fault scarps following normal-faulting earthquakes serves as a sedimentary record of paleoearthquakes and is thus crucial in assessing seismic hazard. Although there is a large body of observations of colluvial wedge development, connecting this knowledge to the physics of sediment transport can open new frontiers in our understanding. To explore theoretical colluvial wedge evolution, we develop a cellular automata model driven by the production and disturbance (e.g., bioturbative reworking) of mobile regolith and fault-scarp collapse. We consider both 90 and 60∘ dipping faults and allow the colluvial wedges to develop over 2000 model years. By tracking sediment transport time, velocity, and provenance, we classify cells into analogs for the debris and wash sedimentary facies commonly described in paleoseismic studies. High values of mobile regolith production and disturbance rates produce relatively larger and more wash-facies-dominated wedges, whereas lower values produced relatively smaller, debris-facies-dominated wedges. Higher lateral collapse rates lead to more debris facies relative to wash facies. Many of the modeled colluvial wedges fully developed within 2000 model years after the earthquake, with many being much faster when process rates are high. Finally, for scenarios with the same amount of vertical displacement, differently sized colluvial wedges developed depending on the rates of geomorphic processes and fault dip. A change in these variables, say by environmental change such as precipitation rates, could theoretically result in different colluvial wedge facies assemblages for the same characteristic earthquake rupture scenario. Finally, the stochastic nature of collapse events, when coupled with high disturbance, illustrates that multiple phases of colluvial deposition are theoretically possible for a single earthquake event.
Wave modeling and analysis of sedimentary structures were used to evaluate whether four examples of symmetrical, reversing, or straight-crested bedforms in Gale crater sandstones are preserved wave ripples; deposition by waves would demonstrate that the lake was not covered by ice at that time. Wave modeling indicates that regardless of atmospheric density, winds that exceeded the threshold of aeolian sand transport could have generated waves capable of producing nearshore wave ripples in most grain sizes of sand.
Reversing 3-m-wavelength bedforms in the Kimberley formation are interpreted not as wave ripples but rather as large aeolian ripples that formed in an atmosphere approximately as thin as at present. These exhumed bedforms define many of the ridges at outcrops that appear striated in satellite images. At Kimberley these bedforms demonstrably underlie and therefore predate subaqueous beds, suggesting that a thin atmosphere existed at least temporarily before subaqueous deposition ceased in the crater.
The other three candidate wave ripples (Square Top, Hunda, and Voe) are consistent with modeled waves, but other origins cannot be excluded. The predominance of flat-laminated (non-rippled) beds in the lacustrine Murray formation suggests that some aspect of the lake was not conducive to formation or preservation of recognizable wave ripples. Water depths may generally have been too deep, lakebed sediment may have been too fine-grained, the lake may have been smaller than modeled, or the lake may have been covered by ice.
Wave modeling and analysis of sedimentary structures were used to evaluate whether ancient lake deposits in Gale crater contain ripples formed by waves on the surface of the lake. Deposition by waves would show that the lake was not covered by ice at that time. Modeling shows that regardless of atmospheric density, winds capable of moving sand on land would generally have been strong enough to form waves that would produce ripples near shore. Large bedforms in the Kimberley formation are interpreted as ripples formed by the wind in an atmosphere similar to that of Mars today. These bedforms underlie and are older than other beds deposited in water, thereby showing that a thin atmosphere existed at least temporarily before deposition in water ceased in the crater. Three other candidate wave ripples are consistent with modeled waves, but other origins are possible. Thick sequences of sedimentary rock in Gale crater are flat-laminated rather than rippled, suggesting that some aspect of the lake was not favorable for their formation or preservation. Much of the lake may have been too deep or ice-covered, or the lake may have been smaller than modeled or had sediment too fine to form easily observed ripples.
Large-scale modelling and prediction provide insight into general influences of climate change on inland recreational fisheries; however, small-scale dynamics and local expertise will be key in developing explicit goals for managing recreational fisheries as the climate changes. The resist-accept-direct (RAD) framework encompasses the entire decision space managers consider when addressing climate influences in their local system, but to decide whether to resist, accept or direct, managers need tools to understand how specific waterbodies will be influenced by climate change. Here, a decision-support tool was developed and applied to the walleye recreational fishery in Wisconsin, USA as an example of how to link the RAD framework to real-world management of a large recreational fishery. The tool and broadscale results described here, indicating a widespread shift away from resist strategies by mid-century, can be used by managers to inform decisions about whether to resist, accept, or direct for specific walleye populations.
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\"}}]}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dassow, Colin J.","contributorId":293206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dassow","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16117,"text":"Wisconsin DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Latzka, Alex W.","contributorId":293207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latzka","given":"Alex W.","affiliations":[{"id":16117,"text":"Wisconsin DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, Abigail 0000-0001-8449-8392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":220490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sass, Greg G.","contributorId":244466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sass","given":"Greg G.","affiliations":[{"id":16117,"text":"Wisconsin DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tingley, Ralph W. III 0000-0002-1689-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-2133","contributorId":189812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingley","given":"Ralph","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":245524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70239266,"text":"70239266 - 2022 - Precision and bias of spatial capture–recapture estimates: A multi-site, multi-year Utah black bear case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T14:28:10.804018","indexId":"70239266","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-03T08:16:22","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precision and bias of spatial capture–recapture estimates: A multi-site, multi-year Utah black bear case study","docAbstract":"Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models are powerful analytical tools that have become the standard for estimating abundance and density of wild animal populations. When sampling populations to implement SCR, the number of unique individuals detected, total recaptures, and unique spatial relocations can be highly variable. These sample sizes influence the precision and accuracy of model parameter estimates. Testing the performance of SCR models with sparse empirical data sets typical of low-density, wide-ranging species can inform the threshold at which a more integrated modeling approach with additional data sources or additional years of monitoring may be required to achieve reliable, precise parameter estimates. Using a multi-site, multi-year Utah black bear (Ursus americanus) capture–recapture data set, we evaluated factors influencing the uncertainty of SCR structural parameter estimates, specifically density, detection, and the spatial scale parameter, sigma. We also provided some of the first SCR density estimates for Utah black bear populations, which ranged from 3.85 to 74.33 bears/100 km2. Increasing total detections decreased the uncertainty of density estimates, whereas an increasing number of total recaptures and individuals with recaptures decreased the uncertainty of detection and sigma estimates, respectively. In most cases, multiple years of data were required for precise density estimates (<0.2 coefficient of variation [CV]). Across study areas there was an average decline in CV of 0.07 with the addition of another year of data. One sampled population with very high estimated bear density had an atypically low number of spatial recaptures relative to total recaptures, apparently inflating density estimates. A complementary simulation study used to assess estimate bias suggested that when <30% of recaptured individuals were spatially recaptured, density estimates were unreliable and ranged widely, in some cases to >3 times the simulated density. Additional research could evaluate these requirements for other density scenarios. Large numbers of individuals detected, numbers of spatial recaptures, and precision alone may not be sufficient indicators of parameter estimate reliability. We provide an evaluation of simple summary statistics of capture–recapture data sets that can provide an early signal of the need to alter sampling design or collect auxiliary data before model implementation to improve estimate precision and accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2618","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, G.M., Graves, T., Pederson, J.C., and Carroll, S.L., 2022, Precision and bias of spatial capture–recapture estimates: A multi-site, multi-year Utah black bear case study: Ecological Applications, v. 32, no. 5, e2618, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2618.","productDescription":"e2618, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126268","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2618","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":411485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.1113551477145,\n 40.75776766966564\n ],\n [\n -112.1113551477145,\n 37.522762898285166\n ],\n [\n -109.09220756712764,\n 37.522762898285166\n ],\n [\n -109.09220756712764,\n 40.75776766966564\n ],\n [\n -112.1113551477145,\n 40.75776766966564\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Greta M","contributorId":300615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Greta","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, Tabitha A. 0000-0001-5145-2400","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-2400","contributorId":202084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Tabitha A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pederson, Jordan C","contributorId":300616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pederson","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":65213,"text":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carroll, Sarah L","contributorId":300618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230357,"text":"70230357 - 2022 - Evaluating temporal and spatial transferability of a tidal inundation model for foraging waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-08T12:04:03.799162","indexId":"70230357","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-03T07:00:17","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating temporal and spatial transferability of a tidal inundation model for foraging waterbirds","docAbstract":"For ecosystem models to be applicable outside their context of development, temporal and spatial transferability must be demonstrated. This presents a challenge for modeling intertidal ecosystems where spatiotemporal variation arises at multiple scales. Models specializing in tidal dynamics are generally inhibited from having wider ecological applications by coarse spatiotemporal resolution or high user competency. The Tidal Inundation Model of Shallow-water Availability (TiMSA) uniquely simulates tides to empirically derive a time-integrated measure of availability for a shallow-water depth range defined by the user. To evaluate temporal and spatiotemporal transferability, we employed TiMSA at the development site in the Florida Keys and at novel subsites in the Florida Bay (application site) under a different time period (application period). We used foraging little blue herons (Egretta caerulea) as the ecological unit with which to constrain the model's “water depth window,” that is, range of water depths to estimate shallow-water availability. At the development site, temporally consistent water depth windows contrasted with interannual variation in shallow-water availability, which revealed short-term changes in Little Blue Heron foraging habitat. At the application site, water depth accuracy varied by subsite and was correlated with spatial error in bathymetric elevation. Although TiMSA parameters were sensitive to environmental temporal variation and uncertainty in spatial data, a spatially explicit water depth window generated reliable estimates of shallow-water conditions over space and time at the development and application sites. By exploring the contributing factors to model error, we provide solutions to reduce uncertainty of TiMSA parameters at potential application sites and recommendations for addressing bathymetric inaccuracy in digital elevation models. Accurately quantifying spatiotemporal changes of shallow water has implications for monitoring habitat conditions for tidally influenced species and projecting future changes to coastal ecosystems in response to anthropogenic stressors and natural disturbances such as sea level rise.
The estimation and mapping of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is an active area of applied research in the fields of agriculture and water resources. Thermal remote sensing-based methods, using coarse resolution satellites, have been successful at estimating ETa over the conterminous United States (CONUS) and other regions of the world. In this study, we present CONUS-wide ETa from Landsat thermal imagery-using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. Over 150,000 Landsat satellite images were used to produce 10 years of annual ETa (2010–2019) at unprecedented scale. The accuracy assessment of the SSEBop results included point-based evaluation using monthly Eddy Covariance (EC) data from 25 AmeriFlux stations as well as basin-scale comparison with annual Water Balance ETa (WBET) for more than 1000 sub-basins. Evaluations using EC data showed generally mixed performance with weaker (R2 < 0.6) correlation on sparsely vegetated surfaces such as grasslands or woody savanna and stronger correlation (R2 > 0.7) over well-vegetated surfaces such as croplands and forests, but location-specific conditions rather than cover type were attributed to the variability in accuracy. Croplands performed best with R2 of 0.82, root mean square error of 29 mm/month, and average bias of 12%. The WBET evaluation indicated that the SSEBop model is strong in explaining the spatial variability (up to R2 > 0.90) of ETa across large basins, but it also identified broad hydro-climatic regions where the SSEBop ETa showed directional biases, requiring region-specific model parameter improvement and/or bias correction with an overall 7% bias nationwide. Annual ETa anomalies over the 10-year period captured widely reported drought-affected regions, for the most part, in different parts of the CONUS, indicating their potential applications for mapping regional- and field-scale drought and fire effects. Due to the coverage of the Landsat Path/Row system, the availability of cloud-free image pixels ranged from less than 12 (mountainous cloud-prone regions and U.S. Northeast) to more than 60 (U.S. Southwest) per year. However, this study reinforces a promising application of Landsat satellite data with cloud-computing for quick and efficient mapping of ETa for agricultural and water resources assessments at the field scale.
Thermal response of the surface to solar insolation is a function of the topography and the thermal physical characteristics of the landscape, which include bulk density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity and surface albedo and emissivity. Thermal imaging is routinely used to constrain thermal physical properties by characterizing or modeling changes in the diurnal temperature profiles. Images need to be acquired throughout the diurnal cycle – typically this is done twice during a diurnal cycle, but we suggest multiple times. Comparison of images acquired over 24 hours requires that either the data be calibrated to surface temperature, or the response of the thermal camera is linear and stable over the image acquisition period. Depending on the type and age of the thermal instrument, imagery may be self-calibrated in radiance, corrected for atmospheric effects, and pixels converted to surface temperature. We used an experimental instrumentation where the calibration should be stable, but calibration coefficients are unknown. Cases may occur where one wishes to validate the camera's calibration. We present a method to validate and calibrate the instrument and characterize the thermal physical properties for areas of interest. Finally, in situ high-temporal-resolution oblique thermal imaging can be invaluable in preparation for conducting overflight missions. We present the following:
The use of oblique thermal high temporal resolution thermal imaging over diurnal or multiday periods for the characterization of landscapes has not been widespread but poses great potential.
A method of collecting and analyzing thermal data that can be used to either determine or validate thermal camera calibration coefficients.
An approach to characterize thermophysical properties of the landscape using oblique temporally high-resolution thermal imaging, combined with in situ ground measurements.
Henrys Lake, Idaho, supports a popular fishery for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout × Rainbow Trout O. mykiss hybrids. A majority of the adult population of fish in Henrys Lake are of hatchery origin that were stocked as fingerlings. The fishery is closed to angling during the late winter and spring months, but fisheries managers are considering opening the fishery year-round with catch-and-release-only regulations or with a two-fish bag limit during the extended season. However, there is concern that the proposed management actions may negatively affect the current fishery. Therefore, we developed an integrated catch-at-age model to estimate population parameters for trout in Henrys Lake and used a simulation model to evaluate alternative management actions. Results of this study suggest that catch and release of both Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and hybrids would increase and that abundance of trout in the spring (i.e., the start of the traditional season) would decrease under both proposed bag limits. Losses in abundance can be mitigated by stocking additional fish as long as no more than approximately 1,520,000 Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout are stocked annually. If catch-and-release-only regulations are implemented during the newly proposed season, total harvest is expected to decrease compared to the current fishery due to additional catch-and-release mortality. Ultimately, managers will need to prioritize harvest or catch-and-release opportunity, both of which provide additional utility to anglers, when choosing how to proceed with bag limit regulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10772","usgsCitation":"McCormick, J.L., Vincent, J., High, B., McCarrick, D.K., and Quist, M.C., 2022, Informing management of Henrys Lake, Idaho using an integrated catch-at-age model: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 42, no. 4, p. 857-873, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10772.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"873","ipdsId":"IP-134478","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Henrys Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.44389350767378,\n 44.675501247863764\n ],\n [\n -111.44389350767378,\n 44.60552992173919\n ],\n [\n -111.35849354003669,\n 44.60552992173919\n ],\n [\n -111.35849354003669,\n 44.675501247863764\n ],\n [\n -111.44389350767378,\n 44.675501247863764\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, Joshua L","contributorId":338648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCormick","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vincent, Jennifer","contributorId":338649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vincent","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"High, Brett","contributorId":274499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"High","given":"Brett","affiliations":[{"id":56023,"text":"idfg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCarrick, Darcy K.","contributorId":269700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarrick","given":"Darcy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":903421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":207142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70236571,"text":"70236571 - 2022 - On the potential for remote observations of coastal morphodynamics from surf-cameras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-12T14:27:37.087379","indexId":"70236571","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-01T09:14:37","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the potential for remote observations of coastal morphodynamics from surf-cameras","docAbstract":"Recreational surf-cameras (surfcams) are ubiquitous along many coastlines, and yet are a largely untapped source of coastal morphodynamic observations. Surfcams offer broad spatial coverage and flexibility in data collection, but a method to remotely acquire ground control points (GCPs) and initial camera parameter approximations is necessary to better leverage this existing infrastructure to make quantitative measurements. This study examines the efficacy of remotely monitoring coastal morphodynamics from surfcams at two sites on the Atlantic coast of Florida, U.S.A., by leveraging freely available airborne lidar observations to acquire remote-GCPs and open-source web tools for camera parameter approximations, ignoring lens distortion. Intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters are determined using a modified space resection procedure, wherein parameters are determined using iterative adjustment while fitting to remote-GCPs and initial camera parameter approximations derived from justified assumptions and Google Earth. This procedure is completed using the open-source Surf-Camera Remote Calibration Tool (SurfRCaT). The results indicate root mean squared horizontal reprojection errors at the two cameras of 3.43 m and 6.48 m. Only immobile hard structures such as piers, jetties, and boulders are suitable as remote-GCPs, and the spatial distribution of available points is a likely reason for the higher accuracy at one camera relative to the other. Additionally, lens distortion is not considered in this work. This is another important source of error and including it in the methodology is highlighted as a useful avenue for future work. Additional factors, such as initial camera parameter approximation accuracy, likely play a role as well. This work illustrates that, provided there is sufficient remote-GCP availability and small lens distortion, remote video monitoring of coastal areas with existing surfcams could provide a usable source of coastal morphodynamic observations. This is further explored with a shoreline change analysis from the higher-accuracy camera. It was found that only the largest (>6 m) magnitude shoreline changes exceed the observational uncertainty driven by shoreline mapping error and reprojection error, indicating that remotely calibrated surfcams can provide observations of seasonal or storm-driven signals.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs14071706","usgsCitation":"Conlin, M.P., Adams, P., and Palmsten, M.L., 2022, On the potential for remote observations of coastal morphodynamics from surf-cameras: Remote Sensing, v. 14, no. 7, 1706, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071706.","productDescription":"1706, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124730","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071706","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Jupiter Island, St. Lucie Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.07522583007812,\n 26.943495898597618\n ],\n [\n -80.06492614746094,\n 26.943495898597618\n ],\n [\n -80.12535095214844,\n 27.108033801463115\n ],\n [\n -80.1397705078125,\n 27.118424003999095\n ],\n [\n -80.14389038085938,\n 27.109867436716698\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 27.034052154839163\n ],\n [\n -80.08895874023438,\n 26.97164956771795\n ],\n [\n -80.08209228515625,\n 26.944108009688595\n ],\n [\n -80.07522583007812,\n 26.943495898597618\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conlin, Matthew P.","contributorId":239947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conlin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Peter N.","contributorId":264783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Peter N.","affiliations":[{"id":34924,"text":"U. Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmsten, Margaret L. 0000-0002-6424-2338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-2338","contributorId":239955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmsten","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70234160,"text":"70234160 - 2022 - Updates to and applications of the USGS National Crustal Model for seismic hazard studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T13:59:32.828858","indexId":"70234160","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-01T08:58:59","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Updates to and applications of the USGS National Crustal Model for seismic hazard studies","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Crustal Model (NCM) is being developed to assist in the modeling of seismic hazards across the conterminous United States. The NCM is composed of a grid of geophysical profiles, extending from the Earth’s surface into the upper mantle. It is constructed from a 3D geologic framework and geophysical rules defined by: (1) a petrologic and mineral physics database; (2) a 3D temperature model; and (3) a calibrated rock type- and age-dependent porosity model. Parameters needed to estimate site response for existing ground motion models (GMMs), including the time-averaged velocity in the upper 30 meters (VS30) and the depths to 1.0 and 2.5 km/s shear-wave velocity (Z1.0 and Z2.5), can be extracted from the NCM. As GMMs develop, other metrics could also be extracted or derived from the NCM such as sediment thickness and travel times, fundamental frequency, a fully frequency-dependent site response function, or 3D geophysical volumes for wavefield simulations. Application of the NCM may also benefit other aspects of seismic hazard analysis including better accounting for path-dependent attenuation and geometric spreading, more accurate estimation of earthquake source properties such as hypocentral location and stress drop, and calculation of crustal strength profiles that inform estimates of the base of seismicity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"OFR22-02, Geologic Mapping Forum 21/22 abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Geologic Mapping Forum","conferenceDate":"September 2021-April 2022","conferenceLocation":"Virtual","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Boyd, O.S., 2022, Updates to and applications of the USGS National Crustal Model for seismic hazard studies, in OFR22-02, Geologic Mapping Forum 21/22 abstracts, Virtual, September 2021-April 2022, p. 51-52.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"52","ipdsId":"IP-139374","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404638,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11299/228213"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thorleifson, L. Harvey","contributorId":103430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorleifson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Harvey","affiliations":[{"id":38105,"text":"Minnesota Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848067,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. 0000-0001-9457-0407 olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70230428,"text":"70230428 - 2022 - Young basalt fields of the Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-13T13:35:33.773805","indexId":"70230428","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-01T08:33:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Young basalt fields of the Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"Basalt, a mafic volcanic rock common in mid-ocean islands and in several continental settings, is melted from upper mantle rocks in many cases and thus provides information on mantle conditions. Basalt lava fields, some decorated with cinder cones, are scattered around the Mojave Desert. Only a few basalt fields have been well studied, so we undertook a compilation of basalt fields that are younger than ~12 Ma to examine space-time patterns. Cima volcanic field is unique in having eruptions that span ~7.5 MY, including the youngest eruption in the Mojave Desert at ~12 ka. Other fields probably erupted over short timespans of decades to hundreds of years based on analogy with modern eruptions, with few exceptions. We find that all basalt fields except Cima are restricted to the active eastern California shear zone, and many lie on active faults, indicating a direct relation between faulting and volcanism. Area and volume of lava is greatest for those fields associated with dextral faults, which may be attributed to less shear stress across those faults as compared to sinistral faults. Xenolith-bearing basalts that include chunks of mantle and deep crustal rocks are known in a few locations from the eastern San Bernardino Mountains to Cima and have a wide range in age.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes in the Mojave: 2022 Desert symposium field guide and proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Desert Symposium Inc","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., and Buesch, D.C., 2022, Young basalt fields of the Mojave Desert, in Volcanoes in the Mojave: 2022 Desert symposium field guide and proceedings, p. 63-73.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-132547","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398613,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.desertsymposium.org"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.3282470703125,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -118.3282470703125,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -118.3282470703125,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":238721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buesch, David C. 0000-0002-4978-5027 dbuesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":1154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"David","email":"dbuesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233918,"text":"70233918 - 2022 - Results of the collaborative Lake Ontario bloater restoration stocking and assessment, 2012–2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-16T22:46:22.661249","indexId":"70233918","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-01T07:22:23","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of the collaborative Lake Ontario bloater restoration stocking and assessment, 2012–2020","docAbstract":"Bloater, Coregonus hoyi, are deepwater planktivores native to the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Nipigon. Interpretations of commercial fishery time series suggest they were common in Lake Ontario through the early 1900s but by the 1950s were no longer captured by commercial fishers. Annual bottom trawl surveys that began in 1978 and sampled extensively across putative bloater habitat only yielded one individual (1983), suggesting that the species had been locally extirpated. In 2012, a multiagency restoration program stocked bloater into Lake Ontario from gametes collected in Lake Michigan. From 2012 to 2020, 1,028,191 bloater were stocked into Lake Ontario. Bottom trawl surveys first detected stocked fish in 2015, and through 2020 ten bloater have been caught (total length mean = 129 mm, s.d. = 44 mm, range: 96–240 mm). Hatchery applied marks and genetic analyses confirmed the species identification and identified stocking location for some individuals. Trawl capture locations and acoustic telemetry suggested that stocked fish dispersed throughout the main lake within months or sooner, and the depth distribution of recaptured bloater was similar to historic distributions in Lake Ontario and other Great Lakes. Predicted bloater trawl catches, based on modeled population abundance and trawl survey efficiency, were similar to observed catches, suggesting that post-stocking survival is less than 20% and contemporary bottom trawl surveys can quantify bloater abundance at low densities and track restoration.
Although there are a variety of methods available for trapping raptors, some species, such as Northern Harriers (Circus hudsonius), are not easily captured with standard methods. We tested several existing trapping methods and modified two of them based on Northern Harrier ecology and behavior across seasons in a study population in California. No previously successful methods described in the literature were effective for our study population. Two modified methods were most effective for trapping Northern Harriers: (1) placing two dho-gazas around the nest in a V-shape and flushing the adult female into the nets during the breeding season, and (2) using remote-triggered bow nets baited with waterbird carcasses in winter. Dho-gazas at the nest worked well during the early nestling-rearing stage, when nestlings were younger than 2 wk old and adult females were most attentive. This method was not suitable during the incubation stage because Northern Harriers are prone to nest abandonment. In the winter, Northern Harriers are known to scavenge, yet this aspect of their behavioral ecology has previously been rarely exploited for trapping purposes. These two methods allow for selective Northern Harrier trapping across seasons and provide modified options for research on this understudied and declining species in North America.