The number of large, high-severity wildfires has been increasing across the western United States over the last several decades. It is not fully understood how changes in the frequency of large, severe wildfires may impact the resilience of conifer forests, due to alterations in regeneration success or failure. Our research investigates 30 years of conifer recovery patterns within 34 high-severity wildfire complexes (1988–1991) of the Northern Rocky Mountains. We evaluate the capability of snow-cover Landsat to characterize conifer tree recolonization of high-severity burn patches. Snow-cover images isolate conifer-specific vegetation signals by diminishing spectral contributions from soil and deciduous vegetation. The presence of conifer regeneration was successfully classified by snow-cover Landsat at >10% canopy cover at 98% accuracy and modeled at 3-year intervals post-fire. Spectral detectability of regenerating conifer vegetation began 11–19 years post-fire, varying across forest types. Thirty years post-fire, 65% of the total high-severity burn area had been recolonized by conifer trees, with differences observed between forest types: 72% of lodgepole pine, 77% of Douglas-fir, and 44% of fir-spruce severely burned areas containing conifer regeneration. Projected recovery timelines to pre-fire conifer vegetation also differed between lodgepole pine (29.5 years), Douglas-fir (36.9 years), and fir-spruce forests (48.7 years), as estimated from snow-cover NDVI trends. Although we generally documented patterns of conifer resilience, we also identified reduced likelihoods of recovery within high-severity burn patches exhibiting greater area-to-perimeter ratios, aridity, south-facing aspects, slopes, and elevation. Snow-cover Landsat imagery was shown to improve the characterization of post-fire forest recovery and may be applied to support forest restoration decision-making following high-severity wildfire.
Predation can play an important role in structuring ecological communities, and predator–prey dynamics can be altered following the introduction of new species. An unauthorized introduction of redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) into reservoirs in the Upper Skagit River, Washington, USA created concern that a consequent shift in predator–prey dynamics in the reservoirs could reduce recruitment and production of native salmonids in the basin. We estimated predation mortality in Ross Lake on nonnative redside shiner and juvenile native salmonids to evaluate the potential role of predation in regulating these populations and limiting survival of native species of concern. We used bioenergetics modelling and stable isotope analysis combined with directed field measurements of growth, seasonal diet and thermal experience of piscivorous salmonids to quantify their consumption demand on prey fishes to evaluate the relative magnitude of predation mortality on invasive redside shiners and native salmonids. While redside shiner are the dominant prey fish species in Ross Lake, the modest biomass of native salmonids consumed could translate into substantial mortality, the magnitude of which depended on the timing and size at which prey fishes were eaten. This information provides important context for how nonnative species may indirectly impact native species through shared predation (apparent competition) and can inform conservation decisions surrounding nonnative species control, sustainability of native salmonids and introductions of anadromous fishes.
Diagnostic laboratories receive carcasses and samples for diagnostic evaluation and pathogen/toxin detection. Case definitions bring clarity and consistency to the evaluation process. Their use within and between organizations allows more uniform reporting of diseases and etiologic agents.
The intent of a case definition is to provide scientifically based criteria for determining (a) if an individual carcass has a specific disease and degree of confidence in that diagnosis and (b) if there is evidence of a pathogen or toxin in a carcass or sample (for example, swab, tissue sample, skin scraping, blood/serum sample, environmental sample, or other). This case definition is specific to electrocution and applies to all avian species.
Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Diagnostic laboratories receive carcasses and samples for diagnostic evaluation and pathogen/toxin detection. Case definitions bring clarity and consistency to the evaluation process. Their use within and between organizations allows more uniform reporting of diseases and etiologic agents.
The intent of a case definition is to provide scientifically based criteria for determining (a) if an individual carcass has a specific disease and degree of confidence in that diagnosis and (b) if there is evidence of a pathogen or toxin in a carcass or sample (for example, swab, tissue sample, skin scraping, blood/serum sample, environmental sample, or other). This case definition is specific to Ophidiomycosis (snake fungal disease) and applies to all snakes.
Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Diagnostic laboratories receive carcasses and samples for diagnostic evaluation and pathogen/toxin detection. Case definitions bring clarity and consistency to the evaluation process. Their use within and between organizations allows more uniform reporting of diseases and etiologic agents.
The intent of a case definition is to provide scientifically based criteria for determining (a) if an individual carcass has a specific disease and degree of confidence in that diagnosis and (b) if there is evidence of a pathogen or toxin in a carcass or sample (for example, swab, tissue sample, skin scraping, blood/serum sample, environmental sample, or other). This case definition is specific to avian botulism and applies to all avian species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm19E1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative","usgsCitation":"Lankton, J.S., and Stevens, B., 2024, Avian botulism case definition for wildlife: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 19, chap. E1, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm19E1.","productDescription":"v, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-140737","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426258,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/e1/tm19e1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","description":"TM 19–E1"},{"id":426257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/e1/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":426259,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/e1/tm19e1.XML"},{"id":426260,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/e1/images/"},{"id":426261,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm19E1/full"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Diagnostic laboratories receive carcasses and samples for diagnostic evaluation and pathogen/toxin detection. Case definitions bring clarity and consistency to the evaluation process. Their use within and between organizations allows more uniform reporting of diseases and etiologic agents. The intent of a case definition is to provide scientifically based criteria for determining (a) if an individual carcass has a specific disease and degree of confidence in that diagnosis and (b) if there is evidence of a pathogen or toxin in a carcass or sample (for example, swab, tissue sample, skin scraping, blood/serum sample, environmental sample, or other). This case definition template can be used for any disease/pathogen for any species. An editable version of this template is available for download at https://doi.org/10.3133/tm19A1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm19A1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.J.G., Parmley, E.J., Ballmann, A., Buckner, J., Jones, M., Lankton, J.S., Zimmer, M., and Lankau, E., 2024, [Disease/condition] case definition [template] for wildlife: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 19, chap. A1, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm19A1.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 8 p.; Editable Template","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-140735","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426150,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/a1/downloads/","text":"Editable template","size":"122 kB","linkHelpText":"—[Disease/Condition] Case Definition [Template] for Wildlife"},{"id":426151,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm19A1/full"},{"id":426146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/a1/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":426148,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/a1/tm19a1.XML"},{"id":426149,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/a1/images/"},{"id":426147,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/a1/tm19a1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 19–A1"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Welcome to the first manual of “Case Definitions for Wildlife Diseases,” a “living” electronic publication. The plan is to add and update this manual’s case definitions periodically as warranted; thus, this manual will never be completed, and readers should download the latest versions of specific chapters (that is, definitions) when available. Constructive suggestions from readers are welcome and will help guide adjustments as this project progresses.
The purpose of this manual is to provide case definitions for selected diseases of importance to wildlife in Canada and the United States. Case definitions provide standard sets of criteria for classifying the degree of certainty of a particular diagnosis and help improve surveillance data quality and comparability. Better data and standardization allow for improved data sharing, which increases geographic and species surveillance coverage and permits more robust analyses.
The definitions included in this manual have been developed by veterinary pathologists, epidemiologists, and wildlife biologists primarily from the U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) and Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC). Pathologists from each organization reviewed and finalized the definitions. Each case definition has been peer reviewed by two scientific experts before publication.
This manual begins with the case definition template. This generic template includes four sections: “Individual, Place, and Time Criteria for Diagnosis and Testing,” “Field Criteria for Diagnosis,” “Laboratory Criteria for Diagnosis,” and “Epidemiological Linkage Criteria for Diagnosis” and can be used to guide development of new case definitions. Information in each section is then combined to provide an overall case classification. Disease diagnoses are classified as “Confirmed,” “Presumptive,” or “Suspected;” and evidence of a pathogen or toxin is classified as “Exposed” or “Present/Detected.” Each subsequent chapter is then a case definition for a specific disease of wildlife, and infectious and non-infectious diseases are included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm19","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426174,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/tm19.pdf","size":"0.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":426538,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/19/downloads/","text":"Editable template","size":"121 kB","linkHelpText":"—[Disease/Condition] Case Definition [Template] for Wildlife"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has continuously monitored the Mohawk River between Lock 7 and Lock 9 of the New York State Barge Canal since 2011. There was a brief period, from 1914 to 1919, when a streamgage was operated at Vischer Ferry Dam (Lock 7), however, frequent damage to the gage from ice-jam related flooding in 1914 (figure 1) and 1916 resulted in establishing the Mohawk River streamgage at Cohoes, NY (USGS station ID 01357500) in 1917 and discontinuing the Vischer Ferry streamgage in 1919. The current monitoring network includes measurements of gage height (water level) and water temperature at various points within the reach, streamflow at Freeman’s Bridge, and realtime imagery from multiple pan-tilt-zoom web cameras, all of which provide situational awareness to the public, emergency managers, and other stakeholders during periods of ice-jam flooding. The USGS operates and maintains these stations in cooperation with the New York Power Authority, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Union College, and Brookfield Renewable Power.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2024 Mohawk Watershed Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Union College","usgsCitation":"Gazoorian, C.L., 2024, United States Geological Survey ice jam monitoring network on the Mohawk River in Schenectady, NY, in Proceedings of the 2024 Mohawk Watershed Symposium, v. 14, p. 27-28.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"28","ipdsId":"IP-162726","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":501499,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://minerva.union.edu/garverj/mws/2024/symposium.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Schenectady","otherGeospatial":"Mohawk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.92518238681888,\n 42.83580687077557\n ],\n [\n -73.97515733707353,\n 42.83580687077557\n ],\n [\n -73.97515733707353,\n 42.81032004405722\n ],\n [\n -73.92518238681888,\n 42.81032004405722\n ],\n [\n -73.92518238681888,\n 42.83580687077557\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gazoorian, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5408-6212 cgazoori@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5408-6212","contributorId":2929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazoorian","given":"Christopher","email":"cgazoori@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70252191,"text":"70252191 - 2024 - Flood of October 31 to November 3, 2019, East Canada Creek, West Canada Creek, and Sacandaga River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T13:23:25.892201","indexId":"70252191","displayToPublicDate":"2024-03-15T08:21:38","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Flood of October 31 to November 3, 2019, East Canada Creek, West Canada Creek, and Sacandaga River Basins","docAbstract":"Between October 31 and November 3, 2019, historic flooding in parts of the Mohawk Valley and southern Adirondack region resulted in one fatality, an estimated $33 million in damages, and the declaration of a state of emergency for 13 New York counties. Flooding resulted from high-intensity rainfall within a 24-hour period between October 31 and November 1, 2019, at the end of an October that had much higher rainfall than normal. In that 24-hour period, rainfall amounts in the most heavily affected parts of the region largely ranged from about 2 to 5 inches, but a maximum rainfall amount of 7.00 inches was recorded in Speculator, NY in Hamilton County. In this location, a rainfall of 7.00 inches in a 24-hour period is estimated to have between a 200- and 500-year recurrence interval or between a 0.5- and 0.2-percent chance of happening or being exceeded in any given year.\n\nThe most severe flooding from October 31 to November 3, 2019, was mainly in the East and West Canada Creek basins, which are within the Mohawk River basin, and the Sacandaga River basin, which is within the upper Hudson River basin. Flooding resulted in new peak streamflow records at eight of nine selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgages from the region, including at three streamgages that have been in operation for about 100 years. At East Canada Creek at East Creek, NY (01348000), flooding resulted in the second highest peak streamflow in its 71-year period of record. National Weather Service major flood stages were exceeded at the three streamgages in the region where National Weather Service flood stages have been established and were exceeded at Hinckley Reservoir at Hinckley, NY (01343600). Hinckley Reservoir has a drainage area of 372 square miles and regulates West Canada Creek streamflow about 31 miles upstream of West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge (01346000) and 3 miles downstream of West Canada Creek near Wilmurt, NY (01343060). \n\nIn West Canada Creek, downstream of Hinckley Reservoir, a distinct double peak of streamflow happened during the 2019 flood and was recorded at West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge, NY (01346000). A similar, but less distinct, double peak was recorded at Mohawk River near Little Falls, NY (01347000), which is located 14.8 miles downstream of West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge, NY (01346000). The first peak of the double peak was likely caused by inflows to West Canada Creek from unregulated tributaries downstream of Hinckley Reservoir, such as Cincinnati Creek, which drains a relatively large area of 48.5 square miles in the northwest corner of the West Canada Creek watershed. Cincinnati Creek was ungaged at the time, but in response to the flood, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Canal Corporation, installed a gage at Cincinnati Creek at Barneveld, NY (01344795) that has been in operation since November 2022. The second peak of the double peak, which happened about a day after the first peak, likely resulted from regulated streamflow that passed through Hinckley Reservoir. At the other streamgages upstream of Hinckley Reservoir, single peak streamflows were recorded during the flood. More details on the nature of the flood of October 31 to November 3, 2019, including the historic context of the flood, and the results from flood-frequency analysis of six selected streamgages in the Mohawk Valley and southern Adirondack region, are discussed in Graziano and others (2024).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2024 Mohawk Watershed Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Mohawk Watershed Symposium","conferenceDate":"March 15, 2024","conferenceLocation":"Schenectady, NY","language":"English","publisher":"Union College","collaboration":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Graziano, A.P., Smith, T.L., and Lilienthal, A.G., 2024, Flood of October 31 to November 3, 2019, East Canada Creek, West Canada Creek, and Sacandaga River Basins, in Proceedings of the 2024 Mohawk Watershed Symposium, v. 14, Schenectady, NY, March 15, 2024, p. 35-40.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-162519","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":426765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://minerva.union.edu/garverj/mws/2024/symposium.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"East Canada Creek, West Canada Creek, and Sacandaga River Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.26955336733255,\n 43.83029414607452\n ],\n [\n -75.24342943210101,\n 43.48996180099857\n ],\n [\n -75.21373328157367,\n 43.29245297551128\n ],\n [\n -74.29992522793536,\n 43.507816029663445\n ],\n [\n -74.26955336733255,\n 43.83029414607452\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graziano, Alexander P. 0000-0003-1978-0986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1978-0986","contributorId":211607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graziano","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Travis L. 0000-0002-3448-2787 tlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-2787","contributorId":297400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Travis","email":"tlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lilienthal, Arthur G. III 0000-0002-2906-6375","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-6375","contributorId":211366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilienthal","given":"Arthur","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70252538,"text":"70252538 - 2024 - Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus) transcriptome reveals interplay between speciation genes and adaptive introgression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T16:06:54.454973","indexId":"70252538","displayToPublicDate":"2024-03-15T06:50:13","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus) transcriptome reveals interplay between speciation genes and adaptive introgression","title":"Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus) transcriptome reveals interplay between speciation genes and adaptive introgression","docAbstract":"Genomes are heterogeneous during the early stages of speciation, with small ‘islands’ of DNA appearing to reflect strong adaptive differences, surrounded by vast seas of relative homogeneity. As species diverge, secondary contact zones between them can act as an interface and selectively filter through advantageous alleles of hybrid origin. Such introgression is another important adaptive process, one that allows beneficial mosaics of recombinant DNA (‘rivers’) to flow from one species into another. Although genomic islands of divergence appear to be associated with reproductive isolation, and genomic rivers form by adaptive introgression, it is unknown whether islands and rivers tend to be the same or different loci. We examined three replicate secondary contact zones for the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus) using two genomic data sets and a morphometric data set to answer the questions: (1) How predictably different are islands and rivers, both in terms of genomic location and gene function? (2) Are the adaptive genetic trait loci underlying tadpole growth and development reliably islands, rivers or neither? We found that island and river loci have significant overlap within a contact zone, suggesting that some loci are first islands, and later are predictably converted into rivers. However, gene ontology enrichment analysis showed strong overlap in gene function unique to all island loci, suggesting predictability in overall gene pathways for islands. Genome-wide association study outliers for tadpole development included LPIN3, a lipid metabolism gene potentially involved in climate change adaptation, that is island-like for all three contact zones, but also appears to be introgressing (as a river) across one zone. Taken together, our results suggest that adaptive divergence and introgression may be more complementary forces than currently appreciated.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment but sources are not well defined for temporal and spatial aspects within an urban environment, and especially for an arid urban environment subject to seasonal short term high-intensity precipitation events. A focused diel sampling was conducted in the summer of 2021 to assess the temporal and spatial variability of PFAS in the Rio Grande near Albuquerque, New Mexico and showed an order of magnitude increase of PFAS as it flows through the Albuquerque urban area. Discrete samples were collected at two different locations on the Rio Grande in addition to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent that discharges directly to the Rio Grande between the sampling locations. Short-term high-intensity precipitation events occurred during the study period and mobilized PFAS from urban runoff. Dissolved organic matter composed of tryptophan-like organic substances and refined fuel and fuel byproducts, characteristic of an urban signature, were also related to the precipitation events. The PFAS in discharge from the WWTP was consistent over a 24-h period with slight differences in some compounds. Wastewater presence on the Rio Grande downstream of the WWTP was evidenced by a gadolinium anomaly as well as increases in several other trace elements, total dissolved nitrogen, and fluorescence indicators, in addition to PFAS. PFAS varied depending on source contribution, where urban runoff was associated with PFOA, PFOS, and PFBA, whereas PFHxA and PFPeA were associated with wastewater effluent. In addition, passive polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) using hydrophilic-lipid balance (HLB) sorption media were deployed for a month at two locations on the Rio Grande to assess longer term PFAS concentrations. The POCIS results show some compounds (PFPeA and PFHpA) were greater than the average concentration from discrete samples, whereas other compounds (PFHxA, PFOA, PFDA, and PFNA) were lower in the POCIS, and PFOS was very similar between the two. The POCIS did not detect PFBA, which may be related to the HLB media not performing well for short chain PFAS compounds. The results show promise for integrative samplers utilizing sorbent media. More detailed investigation of the spatial and temporal variability of water chemistry on the Rio Grande as it flows through Albuquerque could provide information applicable to urban areas worldwide.
Understanding the response of coastal barriers to future changes in rates of sea level rise, sediment availability, and storm intensity/frequency is essential for coastal planning, including socioeconomic and ecological management. Identifying drivers of past changes in barrier morphology, as well as barrier sensitivity to these forces, is necessary to accomplish this. Using remote sensing, field, and laboratory analyses, we reconstruct the mesoscale (decades–centuries) evolution of central Fire Island, a portion of a 50 km barrier island fronting Long Island, New York, USA. We find that the configuration of the modern beach and foredune at Fire Island is radically different from the system's relict morphostratigraphy. Central Fire Island is comprised of at least three formerly inlet-divided rotational barriers with distinct subaerial beach and dune–ridge systems that were active prior to the mid-19th century. Varying morphologic states reflected in the relict barriers (e.g., progradational and transgressive) contrast with the modern barrier, which is dominated by a tall and nearly continuous foredune and is relatively static, except for erosion and drowning of its fringing marsh. We suggest that this state shift indicates a transition from a regime dominated by inlet-mediated gradients in alongshore sediment availability to one where human impacts exerted greater influence on island evolution from the late 19th century onward. The retention of some geomorphic capital in Fire Island's relict subaerial features combined with its static nature renders the barrier increasingly susceptible to narrowing and passive submergence. This may lead to an abrupt geomorphic state shift in the future, a veiled vulnerability that may also exist in other stabilized barriers.
The Rocky Mountain Population (RMP) of greater sandhill cranes uses a key stopover area, the San Luis Valley (SLV) in Colorado. Parameters of migration phenology can differ between autumn and spring and are affected by weather and environmental factors. We hypothesized that sandhill cranes in the SLV would have a longer stopover duration in autumn than in spring, and that wind assistance, crosswinds, temperature change, barometric air pressure, and surface water area would influence persistence probability. We used data from sandhill cranes fitted with transmitters that spanned autumn and spring, 2015-2022. We used an open robust design mark-recapture model to estimate stopover duration, arrival probability, and persistence probability. We examined the effects of weather and surface water on the persistence probability for 106 sandhill cranes in the SLV. Stopover duration was longer in autumn than in spring and had higher variability across years. Arrival probability to the SLV peaked on 13 October in autumn and 21 February in spring. Persistence probability declined around mid-December in autumn and mid-March in spring. We found that several weather covariates influenced persistence in both seasons. In autumn, sandhill cranes departed the SLV with higher tailwinds, lower crosswinds, and higher surface water availability. In spring, sandhill cranes departed the SLV with lower crosswinds and higher barometric air pressure at the surface and higher wind speeds at altitudes of about 3,000 m. The effect of wind speed was stronger later in the spring. Given the lower variability of arrival and persistence probability and shorter stopover duration in spring compared to autumn, we suspect that RMP sandhill cranes are using a time-minimization strategy during spring. However, given the use of supportive winds and weather conditions ideal for soaring, RMP sandhill cranes appear to be using strategies that save energy in both seasons. Our study identifies the optimal timing of water management and surveys for RMP sandhill cranes and confirms that weather influences their persistence. Understanding differences in migration patterns between seasons and the factors that influence persistence at stopover sites will also be important for anticipating phenological impacts from climate change and land use alterations.
Integrating recent scientific knowledge into management decisions supports effective natural resource management and can lead to better resource outcomes. However, finding and accessing scientific knowledge can be time consuming and costly. To assist in this process, the U.S. Geological Survey has created a series of annotated bibliographies on topics of management concern for lands in the western United States (U.S.). Oil and gas development on public lands is a long-standing and substantial component of local and regional economies and has expanded in recent decades, particularly on public lands in the western U.S. This development is associated with extensive networks of pipelines, roads, and processing facilities, across which reclamation is Federally mandated following initial well pad development (“interim” reclamation) and once resource extraction is complete (“final” reclamation). Reclamation is critical for recovering ecological services to energy-affected lands, including vegetation productivity, wildlife habitat, water and air quality, and soil stability (for example, resistance to wind and water erosion). However, reclamation of oil and gas affected lands in the western U.S. has proved challenging due to an array of regulatory and environmental factors, such as minimally developed soils, short growing seasons, herbivory, high winds, invasive species, rugged terrain, and in particular, arid climates associated with low total precipitation, high evapotranspiration rates, and highly variable precipitation patterns. We compiled and summarized journal articles, government reports, technical reports, proceedings, and theses and dissertations relevant to oil and gas reclamation. We constrained our search to products published on or before December 31, 2020 but did not limit our search by a starting date; the earliest product resulting from this effort was published in March 1969. Second, we manually scanned the last 15 years (2005-2020) of tables of contents in journals, bibliographies, and proceedings of which we were aware would contain articles highly relevant to this bibliography. We carried out the search for these products through multiple means: (1) performing a structured search of two reference databases, (2) examining articles published since 2005 in highly relevant scientific journals and conference proceedings, and (3) reviewing additional material suggested by authors of products identified in steps 1 and 2. Our search was intentionally broad in order to identify as much relevant work as possible, much of which is professionally applied and tested within the industry of oil and gas reclamation, but which remains unpublished in scientific journals. We refined the initial list of products by removing: (1) duplicates, (2) products not written in English, (3) products that were not relevant to the arid ecosystems of western North America, (4) products that were not released as research, data products, or review articles in journals or as formal scientific reports, and (5) products with data which were not relevant to reclamation of oil and gas-affected lands, or for which the study did not present new data, findings, or syntheses relevant to reclamation of oil and gas-affected lands.
We summarized each product using a consistent structure (background, objectives, methods, location, findings, and implications) and assigned standardized management topics to each. Management topics are intended to aid online searching within the bibliography and are described in more detail in the Methods Section of this report; they include what type of disturbance the product addresses (well pads, mining, pipelines), what aspect of oil and gas reclamation they pertain to (practices, standards, monitoring), what type of data are present in the product (for instance soil or vegetation recovery data), and an indication if the product were from a source other than a published, peer-reviewed outlet (such as dissertations or unpublished professional reports – these are identified as grey literature). The review process for this annotated bibliography included an initial internal colleague review of each summary, requesting input on each summary from an author of the original product, and a formal peer-review. Our initial searches resulted in 3,197 total products, of which 290 met our criteria for inclusion. “Reclamation Practices” is by far the management topic most addressed, followed by “Reclamation Monitoring,” for example, products assessing what and how monitoring methods are used to track and measure reclamation outcome. This document may be accessed at https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231068 or from the U.S. Geological Survey Publication Warehouse (https://pubs.usgs.gov/). The 1-page product summaries herein will also be used to create a bibliography at https://apps.usgs.gov/science-for-resource-managers that includes links to each original product, where available, and in which subject matter will be searchable by topic, location, and year. The studies compiled and summarized here may inform planning and management actions that seek to reclaim landscapes across the western U.S. which have been affected by oil and gas development.
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Mountain lakes are sensitive indicators of anthropogenically driven global change, with lake sediment records documenting increased primary production during the twentieth century. Atmospheric nutrient deposition and warming have been attributed to changes in other Western mountain lakes, however, the intensity of these drivers varies. We analyzed a sediment core representing a 270-year record from Santa Fe Lake, New Mexico, to constrain the southern margin of Rocky Mountain lakes and quantify patterns of change in lake biogeochemistry, production, and diatoms since 1750. Lake sediments were dated using 210Pb and analyzed for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N), diatoms, and phototrophic pigments. The abundance of cyanobacteria, purple sulfur-reducing bacteria, and diatom pigments were elevated during the stable conditions of the Little Ice Age; these phototrophic groups declined in the late 1800s and reached a minimum by 1950. From 1950 to 2020, sediments recorded an increased abundance of cryptophyte, diatom, and chlorophyte groups. The C and N (percentage dry mass) increased after 1950, whereas δ15N and δ13C values declined. Changes since the mid-twentieth century are contemporaneous with warming trends in the Southwest and modest deposition of atmospheric N. Our findings highlight the geographic variability of mountain lake responses to changing environmental conditions.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Models of near-field tsunamis and an extreme hurricane provide further evidence for a great precolonial earthquake along the Puerto Rico Trench. The models are benchmarked to brain-coral boulders and cobbles on Anegada, 125 km south of the trench. The models are screened by their success in flooding the mapped sites of these erratics, which were emplaced some six centuries ago. Among 25 tsunami scenarios, 19 have megathrust sources and the rest posit normal faulting on the outer rise. The modeled storm, the most extreme of 15 hurricanes of category 5, produces tsunami-like bores from surf beat. In the tsunami scenarios, simulated flow depth is 1 m or more at all the clast sites, and 2 m or more at nearly all, given either a megathrust rupture 255 km long with 7.5 m of dip slip and M8.45, or an outer-rise rupture 130 km long with 11.4 m of dip slip and M8.17. By contrast, many coral clasts lie beyond the reach of simulated flooding from the extreme hurricane. The tsunami screening may underestimate earthquake size by neglecting trees and shrubs that likely impeded both the simulated flows and the observed clasts; and it may overestimate earthquake size by leaving coastal sand barriers intact. The screening results broadly agree with those from previously published tsunami simulations. In either successful scenario, the average recurrence interval spans thousands of years, and flooding on the nearest Caribbean shores begins within a half-hour.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023JB028387","usgsCitation":"Wei, Y., ten Brink, U.S., and Atwater, B.F., 2024, Modeled flooding by tsunamis and a storm versus observed extent of coral erratics on Anegada, British Virgin Islands— Further evidence for a great Caribbean earthquake six centuries ago: JGR Solid Earth, v. 129, no. 3, e2023JB028387, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB028387.","productDescription":"e2023JB028387, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160030","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jb028387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":427312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"British Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"Anegada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.26970963209003,\n 18.687395079258394\n ],\n [\n -64.27098250709774,\n 18.70548066405327\n ],\n [\n -64.31107821074197,\n 18.74887709066421\n ],\n [\n -64.34353638253225,\n 18.7524941354379\n ],\n [\n -64.41895422673412,\n 18.747371507694695\n ],\n [\n -64.41927244548606,\n 18.73561900967063\n ],\n [\n -64.39986110161998,\n 18.719646355609257\n ],\n [\n -64.35181007008187,\n 18.715426911972713\n ],\n [\n -64.3206243759603,\n 18.713016020229745\n ],\n [\n -64.30407748159904,\n 18.70156264195039\n ],\n [\n -64.280847288407,\n 18.685284968543982\n ],\n [\n -64.26970963209003,\n 18.687395079258394\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wei, Yong","contributorId":242870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Yong","affiliations":[{"id":48562,"text":"JISAO, University of Washington, WA 98105 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":201741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atwater, Brian F. 0000-0003-1155-2815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":335255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atwater","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70255250,"text":"70255250 - 2024 - Incorporating life history diversity in an integrated population model to inform viability analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T14:29:03.449351","indexId":"70255250","displayToPublicDate":"2024-03-14T09:22:46","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating life history diversity in an integrated population model to inform viability analysis","docAbstract":"Life history diversity can significantly affect population dynamics and effects of management actions. For instance, variation in individual responses to environmental variability can reduce extirpation risk to populations, as the portfolio effect dampens temporal variability in abundance. Moreover, differences in habitat use may cause individuals to respond differently to habitat management and climate variability. To explore the role of life history diversity in population trajectories, population models need to incorporate within-population variation. Integrated population modeling (IPM) is a population modeling approach that offers several advantages for sharing information and propagating uncertainty across datasets. In this study, we developed an IPM for an endangered population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Wenatchee River, Washington, USA, that accounts for diversity in juvenile life histories, spawning location, and return age. Our analysis revealed that diversity in the age of juvenile emigration from natal streams had a portfolio effect, resulting in a 20% reduction in year-to-year variability in adult abundance in population projections. Our population viability analysis suggests that management interventions may be necessary to meet recovery goals, and our model should be useful for simulating the outcomes of proposed actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2023-0118","usgsCitation":"Sorel, M.H., Jorgensen, J.C., Zabel, R.W., Scheuerell, M.D., Murdoch, A.R., Kamphaus, C.M., and Converse, S.J., 2024, Incorporating life history diversity in an integrated population model to inform viability analysis: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 81, no. 5, p. 535-548, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0118.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"548","ipdsId":"IP-153564","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0118","text":"External Repository"},{"id":430133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.65380079789186,\n 48.385800374959246\n ],\n [\n -122.85878973700216,\n 48.35952757767319\n ],\n [\n -122.85878973700216,\n 45.39007143816454\n ],\n [\n -118.65380079789189,\n 45.42475769972472\n ],\n [\n -118.65380079789186,\n 48.385800374959246\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorel, Mark H.","contributorId":171739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sorel","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":903859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgensen, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":339208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36612,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zabel, Richard W.","contributorId":272049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zabel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scheuerell, Mark David 0000-0002-8284-1254","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-1254","contributorId":288621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheuerell","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murdoch, Andrew R.","contributorId":339213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kamphaus, Cory M.","contributorId":339215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamphaus","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39287,"text":"Yakama Nation Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70258782,"text":"70258782 - 2024 - Estimating multivariate ecological variables at high spatial resolution using a cost-effective matching algorithm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-03T16:05:53.476234","indexId":"70258782","displayToPublicDate":"2024-03-14T08:41:44","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating multivariate ecological variables at high spatial resolution using a cost-effective matching algorithm","docAbstract":"Simulation models are valuable tools for estimating ecosystem response to environmental conditions and are particularly relevant for investigating climate change impacts. However, because of high computational requirements, models are often applied over a coarse grid of points or for representative locations. Spatial interpolation of model output can be necessary to guide decision-making, yet interpolation is not straightforward because the interpolated values must maintain the covariance structure among variables. We present methods for two key steps for utilizing limited simulations to generate detailed maps of multivariate and time series output. First, we present a method to select an optimal set of simulation sites that maximize the area represented for a given number of sites. Then, we introduce a multivariate matching approach to interpolate simulation results to detailed maps for the represented area. This approach links simulation output to environmentally analogous matched sites according to user-defined criteria. We demonstrate the methods with case studies using output from (1) an individual-based plant simulation model to illustrate site selection, and (2) an ecosystem water balance simulation model to illustrate interpolation. For the site selection case study, we identified 200 simulation sites that represented 96% of a large study area (1.12 × 106 km2) at a ~1-km resolution. For the interpolation case study, we generated ~1-km resolution maps across 4.38 × 106 km2 of drylands in North America from a 10 × 10 km grid of simulated sites. Estimates of interpolation errors using cross validation were low (less than 10% of the range of each variable). Our point selection and interpolation methods, which are available as an easy-to-use R package, provide a means of cost-effectively generating detailed maps of expensive, complex simulation output (e.g., multivariate and time series) at scales relevant for local conservation planning. Our methods are flexible and allow the user to identify relevant matching criteria to balance interpolation uncertainty with areal coverage to enhance inference and decision-making at management-relevant scales across large areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4811","usgsCitation":"Renne, R.R., Schlaepfer, D.R., Palmquist, K.A., Lauenroth, W.K., and Bradford, J., 2024, Estimating multivariate ecological variables at high spatial resolution using a cost-effective matching algorithm: Ecosphere, v. 15, no. 3, e4811, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4811.","productDescription":"e4811, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133218","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467024,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4811","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renne, Rachel R.","contributorId":213935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renne","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38934,"text":"School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel Rodolphe 0000-0001-9973-2065","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-2065","contributorId":225569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"Rodolphe","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmquist, Kyle A.","contributorId":169517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":219257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70252274,"text":"70252274 - 2024 - Spatial extent drives patterns of relative climate change sensitivity for freshwater fishes of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T11:57:21.606818","indexId":"70252274","displayToPublicDate":"2024-03-14T06:54:28","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial extent drives patterns of relative climate change sensitivity for freshwater fishes of the United States","docAbstract":"Assessing the sensitivity of freshwater species to climate change is an essential component of prioritizing conservation efforts for threatened freshwater ecosystems and organisms. Sensitivity to climate change can be systematically evaluated for multiple species using geographic attributes such as range size and climate niche breadth, and using species traits associated with climate change sensitivity. These systematic evaluations produce relative rankings of species sensitivity to aid conservation prioritization and to identify relatively sensitive species that may otherwise be understudied or overlooked. Due in part to biogeographic constraints, species assemblages change across regions and spatial extents; yet, the degree to which spatial factors influence relative rankings of species sensitivity is unclear. The spatial extent of multispecies analyses may alter relative rankings of species climate sensitivity; alternatively, relative climate sensitivity may be conserved among spatial scales, resulting in consistent identification of sensitive species among regions and spatial extents. We investigated how spatial extent influences our understanding of relative climate sensitivity for 137 native freshwater fishes of the United States that were representative of taxonomic, trait, and geographic diversity. Using publicly available occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, we calculated a systematic, geographically derived index of climate change sensitivity for study species at national and regional extents, including within four major hydrologic subregions of the United States. We examined the effects of spatial extent on the relative ranking of climate sensitivity among species, and we explored relationships among climate sensitivity, species traits, and conservation status at regional and national extents. We found that climate sensitivity rankings of species were influenced by spatial extent in some specific instances, but that relative rankings were largely conserved across spatial scales. However, correlations among geographically derived climate sensitivity rankings and species traits associated with climate sensitivity were variable across scales and regions, suggesting that links between geographic rarity and species traits may be scale-dependent in some cases. Finally, we found few associations between climate sensitivity and current conservation status among species. Systematic approaches to quantifying climate sensitivity may offer an opportunity to identify sensitive but overlooked species for pre-listing actions such as monitoring or conservation agreements.
Many agricultural watersheds rely on the voluntary use of management practices (MPs) to reduce nonpoint source nutrient and sediment loads; however, the water-quality effects of MPs are uncertain. We interpreted water-quality responses from as early as 1985 through 2020 in three agricultural Chesapeake Bay watersheds that were prioritized for MP implementation, namely, the Smith Creek (Virginia), Upper Chester River (Maryland), and Conewago Creek (Pennsylvania) watersheds. We synthesized patterns in MPs, climate, land use, and nutrient inputs to better understand factors affecting nutrient and sediment loads. Relations between MPs and expected water-quality improvements were not consistently identifiable. The number of MPs increased in all watersheds since the early 2010s, but most monitored nutrient and sediment loads did not decrease. Nutrient and sediment loads increased or remained stable in Smith Creek and the Upper Chester River. Sediment loads and some nutrient loads decreased in Conewago Creek. In Smith Creek, a 36-year time-series model suggests that changes in manure affected flow-normalized total nitrogen loads. We hypothesize that increases in nutrient applications may overshadow some expected MP effects. MPs might have stemmed further water-quality degradation, but improvements in nutrient loads may rely on reducing manure and fertilizer applications. Our results highlight the importance of assessing MP performance with long-term monitoring-based studies.
StreamStats is a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) web application that provides streamflow statistics, such as the 1-percent annual exceedance probability peak flow, the mean flow, and the 7-day, 10-year low flow, to the public through a map-based user interface. These statistics are used in many ways, such as in the design of roads, bridges, and other structures; in delineation of floodplains for land-use zoning and setting of insurance rates; for regulatory purposes, such as the permitting of wastewater discharges; and for hydrologic and climate change studies. StreamStats was first developed for Massachusetts and released in 2001. The application provided users with the ability to obtain streamflow statistics computed from data collected at USGS streamgages and to obtain estimates of streamflow statistics for user-selected ungaged sites. Massachusetts StreamStats used geographic information system software and digital mapping to compute drainage-basin characteristics, which were then used in statistical models to estimate streamflow statistics for the user-selected sites. The statistical models were in the form of equations that were developed through a process known as regression analysis. StreamStats was the first known web application with the ability to do interactive geoprocessing.
The utility of Massachusetts StreamStats was instantly apparent, leading the USGS to develop a version of StreamStats that could be implemented nationally. USGS State offices normally were required to develop custom regression equations and prepare local digital mapping data needed for implementing StreamStats for their States. Funding needed to complete this work usually was provided through cooperative agreements between the USGS and State agencies. In 2004, Idaho became the first to be released in the national version of StreamStats. By 2023, 44 States were fully implemented and six were undergoing implementation.
StreamStats has undergone many modifications over the years to keep up with changes to the underlying software and to add functionality. Customized functionality and separate linked StreamStats applications were developed for several States. Meeting the high demand for additions and improvements to StreamStats while also adhering to budgetary constraints has, at times, been challenging. The StreamStats development team has identified numerous additional improvements that could be made to provide better performance and more functionality. The lessons learned from the experience of building and operating StreamStats for nearly 25 years could be relevant to others interested in pursuing efforts of a similar scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1514","usgsCitation":"Ries, K.G., III, Steeves, P.A., and McCarthy, P., 2024, StreamStats—A quarter century of delivering web-based geospatial and hydrologic information to the public, and lessons learned: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1514, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1514.","productDescription":"viii, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-102663","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499073,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116170.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426017,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1514/cir1514.XML","description":"CIR 1514 XML"},{"id":426018,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1514/images/"},{"id":426016,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1514/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"CIR 1514 HTML"},{"id":426015,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1514/cir1514.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1514 PDF"},{"id":426014,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1514/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"National Coordinator, StreamStats
U.S. Geological Survey
1728 Lampman Drive, Suite D
Billings, MT 59102
Alaska’s Arctic coast has some of the highest coastal erosion rates in the world, primarily driven by permafrost thaw and increasing wave energy. In the Arctic, a warming climate is driving sea ice cover to decrease in space and time. A lack of long-term observational wave data along Alaska’s coast challenges the ability of engineers, scientists, and planners to study and address threats and effects from wave-driven erosion and flooding. To overcome the lack of available observational wave data in the nearshore in this study by the U.S. Geological Survey, waves were downscaled with the Simulating WAves Nearshore numerical wave model (SWAN) for the hindcast period of 1979 to 2019 from the United States-Canada border to the Bering Sea utilizing nine model domains. For each domain, the model was forced at the open boundary with 2,500 representative “sea states,” which are likely combinations of significant wave heights, mean wave periods, mean wave directions, and wind speeds and directions. The sea states were obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts “ERA5” dataset for reanalysis of winds and waves using a multivariant maximum-dissimilarity algorithm. The SWAN runs created a downscaled wave database at each grid point, which was used to reconstruct the 40-year time series in the nearshore along the 5- and 10-meter isobaths at locations approximately 400 m apart and corresponding to transects spaced approximately 50 m alongshore, as developed for USGS shoreline-change assessments. Reconstructed time series were compared to observations to validate the numerical model and the downscaled wave database method and showed overall good agreements.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231094","programNote":"Prepared in cooperation with Deltares USA and the University of California, Santa Cruz","usgsCitation":"Engelstad, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Reguero, B.G., Gibbs, A.E., and Nederhoff, K., 2024, Database and time series of nearshore waves along the Alaskan coast from the United States-Canada border to the Bering Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1094, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231094.","productDescription":"Report: v, 23 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-132323","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499201,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116169.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426586,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231094/full"},{"id":426585,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1094/images"},{"id":426584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1094/ofr20231094.xml"},{"id":426583,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1094/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":426582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1094/ofr20231094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Engelstad, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Reguero, B.G., Gibbs, A.E., Nederhoff, K.M., 2024, Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9.","linkHelpText":"Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.34514806758992,\n 65.52631288766165\n ],\n [\n -140.04436681759015,\n 65.52631288766165\n ],\n [\n -140.04436681759015,\n 71.42344314984271\n ],\n [\n -168.34514806758992,\n 71.42344314984271\n ],\n [\n -168.34514806758992,\n 65.52631288766165\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Martian gullies resemble water-carved gullies on Earth, yet their present-day activity cannot be explained by water-driven processes. The sublimation of CO2 has been proposed as an alternative driver for sediment transport, but how this mechanism works remains unknown. Here we combine laboratory experiments of CO2-driven granular flows under Martian atmospheric pressure with 1D climate simulation modelling to unravel how, where, and when CO2 can drive present-day gully activity. Our work shows that sublimation of CO2 ice, under Martian atmospheric conditions can fluidize sediment and creates morphologies similar to those observed on Mars. Furthermore, the modelled climatic and topographic boundary conditions for this process, align with present-day gully activity. These results have implications for the influence of water versus CO2-driven processes in gully formation and for the interpretation of gully landforms on other planets, as their existence is no longer definitive proof for flowing liquids.
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