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Domestic wastes around the lake have received only septic tank treatment. A sewerage system under construction and partly in use at the time of this study has been completed and now (January 1975) all domestic wastes are transported out of the basin.</p><p>In September of 1969 and 1970, a brief survey of the lake was conducted (Iwatsubo and others, 1972, p. 28). The results of that study indicated a well-established thermocline between 33 and 66 ft (10 and 20 m). A subsurface maximum in the dissolved-oxygen concentration occurred between 46 and 66 ft (14 and 20 m). In the shallow littoral zone, periphyton and patches of submerged rooted plants were visible.</p><p>In order to remain attractive for recreational use, Donner Lake will require sound management. A thorough understanding of the water quality in the lake and the quality of inflow and outflow is of paramount importance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70190186","usgsCitation":"Dong, A.E., 1975, Limnological data for Donner Lake, California, May 1973 through December 1973: Open-File Report, iv, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70190186.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344891,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70190186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":344890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70190186/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Donner Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": 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,{"id":70175528,"text":"70175528 - 1975 - Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:15:46","indexId":"70175528","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1973","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70175528","usgsCitation":"Slade, R., 1975, Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1973: Open-File Report, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175528.","productDescription":"44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b43950e4b03bcb01039fe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, R.M. Jr.","contributorId":40595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"R.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175525,"text":"70175525 - 1975 - Hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River Basin, Texas, 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T10:26:41","indexId":"70175525","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River Basin, Texas, 1973","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70175525","usgsCitation":"Buckner, H., 1975, Hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River Basin, Texas, 1973: Open-File Report, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175525.","productDescription":"13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b43950e4b03bcb01039fe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckner, H.D.","contributorId":49783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckner","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2002175,"text":"2002175 - 1975 - Utilization of Skylab (EREP) system for appraising changes in continental migratory bird habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:02:38","indexId":"2002175","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CR-147542","title":"Utilization of Skylab (EREP) system for appraising changes in continental migratory bird habitat","docAbstract":"<table id=\"doctable\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" class=\"mce-item-table\"><tbody><tr><td>The author has identified the following significant results. Surface water statistics using data obtained by supporting aircraft were generated. Signature extraction and refinement preliminary to wetland and associated upland vegetation recognition were accomplished, using a selected portion of the aircraft data. Final classification mapping and analysis of surface water trends will be accomplished.</td></tr></tbody></table>","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX","usgsCitation":"Work, E., and Gilmer, D., 1975, Utilization of Skylab (EREP) system for appraising changes in continental migratory bird habitat: Technical Report CR-147542, 111 p.","productDescription":"111 p.","numberOfPages":"111","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, E.A. Jr.","contributorId":33654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"E.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175517,"text":"70175517 - 1975 - Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan area, 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T08:55:36","indexId":"70175517","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan area, 1973","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70175517","usgsCitation":"Hampton, B., 1975, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan area, 1973: Open-File Report, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175517.","productDescription":"129 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b43951e4b03bcb01039fee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, B.B.","contributorId":43362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009922,"text":"70009922 - 1975 - The determination of specific forms of aluminum in natural water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-02T13:56:28.864336","indexId":"70009922","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The determination of specific forms of aluminum in natural water","docAbstract":"<p id=\"simple-para.0010\">A procedure for analysis and pretreatment of natural-water samples to determine very low concentrations of Al is described which distinguishes the rapidly reacting equilibrium species from the metastable or slowly reacting macro ions and colloidal suspended material. Aluminum is complexed with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine), pH is adjusted to 8.3 to minimize interferences, and the aluminum oxinate is extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) prior to analysis by atomic absorption. To determine equilibrium species only, the contact time between sample and 8-hydroxyquinoline is minimized. The Al may be extracted at the sample site with a minimum of equipment and the MIBK extract stored for several weeks prior to atomic absorption analysis.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0015\">Data obtained from analyses of 39 natural groundwater samples indicate that filtration through a 0.1-μm pore size filter is not an adequate means of removing all insoluble and metastable Al species present, and extraction of Al immediately after collection is necessary if only dissolved and readily reactive species are to be determined. An average of 63% of the Al present in natural waters that had been filtered through 0.1-μm pore size filters was in the form of monomeric ions. The total Al concentration, which includes all forms that passed through a 0.1-μm pore size filter, ranged 2–70 μg/l. The concentration of Al in the form of monomeric ions ranged from below detection to 57 μg/l. Most of the natural water samples used in this study were collected from thermal springs and oil wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(75)90018-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Barnes, R., 1975, The determination of specific forms of aluminum in natural water: Chemical Geology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 177-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(75)90018-2.","productDescription":"p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa9ee4b08c986b3228d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, R.B.","contributorId":53393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010989,"text":"70010989 - 1975 - Interstitial solutions and diagenesis in deeply buried marine sediments: Results from the Deep Sea Drilling Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T12:57:58","indexId":"70010989","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstitial solutions and diagenesis in deeply buried marine sediments: Results from the Deep Sea Drilling Project","docAbstract":"<p><span>Through the Deep Sea Drilling Project samples of interstitial solutions of deeply buried marine sediments throughout the World Ocean have been obtained and analyzed. The studies have shown that in all but the most slowly deposited sediments pore fluids exhibit changes in composition upon burial. These changes can be grouped into a few consistent patterns that facilitate identification of the diagenetic reactions occurring in the sediments. Pelagic clays and slowly deposited (&lt;1 cm/10</span><sup>3</sup><span>yr) biogenic sediments are the only types that exhibit little evidence of reaction in the pore waters. In most biogenic sediments sea water undergoes considerable alteration. In sediments deposited at rates up to a few cm/10</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;yr the changes chiefly involve gains of Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and Sr</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and losses of Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;which balance the Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;enrichment. The Ca-Mg substitution may often reach 30 mM/kg while Sr</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;may be enriched 15-fold over sea water. These changes reflect recrystallization of biogenic calcite and the substitution of Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;for Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;during this reaction. The Ca-Mg-carbonate formed is most likely a dolomitic phase. A related but more complex pattern is found in carbonate sediments deposited at somewhat greater rates. Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and Sr</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;enrichment is again characteristic, but Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;losses exceed Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;gains with the excess being balanced by SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>post staggered2-</sup><span>&nbsp;losses. The data indicate that the reactions are similar to those noted above, except that the Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;released is not kept in solution but is precipitated by the HCO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>post staggered-</sup><span>&nbsp;produced in SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>post staggered2-</sup><span>&nbsp;reduction. In both these types of pore waters Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;is usually conservative, but K</span><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;depletions are frequent. In several partly consolidated sediment sections approaching igneous basement contact, very marked interstitial calcium enrichment has been found (to 5.5 g/kg). These phenomena are marked by pronounced depletion in Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, Si and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, and slight enhancement in Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span>. The changes are attributed to exchange of Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;for Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;in silicate minerals forming from submarine weathering of igneous rocks such as basalts. Water is also consumed in these reactions, accounting for minor increases in total interstitial salinity. Terrigenous, organic-rich sediments deposited rapidly along continental margins also exhibit significant evidences of alteration. Microbial reactions involving organic matter lead to complete removal of SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>post staggered2-</sup><span>, strong HCO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>post staggered-</sup><span>&nbsp;enrichment, formation of NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>post staggered+</sup><span>, and methane synthesis from H</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;once SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>post staggered2-</sup><span>&nbsp;is eliminated. K</span><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;and often Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;(slightly) are depleted in the interstitial waters. Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;depletion may occur owing to precipitation of CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>. In most cases interstitial Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;remains relatively constant, but increases are noted over evaporitic strata, and decreases in interstitial Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;are observed in some sediments adjacent to continents.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(75)90165-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sayles, F., and Manheim, F., 1975, Interstitial solutions and diagenesis in deeply buried marine sediments: Results from the Deep Sea Drilling Project: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 39, no. 2, p. 103-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(75)90165-9.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3db1e4b0c8380cd63772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayles, F.L.","contributorId":77657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayles","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":56783,"text":"wdrMDDE731 - 1974 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1973, Part 1. Surface water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:26:43.479247","indexId":"wdrMDDE731","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-73-1","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1973, Part 1. Surface Water Records","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1973, Part 1. 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f45c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180023,"text":"70180023 - 1974 - Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T12:55:47","indexId":"70180023","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1974","docAbstract":"<p>This report is the eleventh in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, prepared cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Division of Water Resources, provide data to enable interested parties such as legislators, administrators, and planners to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report, like the others (see references, p. 18), contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawals, water-level changes, and related changes in precipitation and streamflow. Supplementary data such as graphs showing chemical quality of water and maps showing water-table configuration are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>The report includes individual discussions of the most important areas of ground-water withdrawal in the State for the calendar year 1973. Water-level fluctuations, however, are described for the period spring 1973 to spring 1974. Many of the data used in the report were collected by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah","usgsCitation":"Stephens, J.C., Bjorklund, L., Bolke, E., Mower, R.W., Herbert, L.R., Cordova, R., Butler, R., Sandberg, G.W., and Sumison, C., 1974, Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1974: Cooperative Investigations Report 13, vii, 71 p.","productDescription":"vii, 71 p.","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333709,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-191"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58872490e4b08aa8f945ac00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, Jerry C.","contributorId":81493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bjorklund, L.J.","contributorId":14035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjorklund","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mower, R. W.","contributorId":34898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mower","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cordova, R.M.","contributorId":77511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butler, R.G.","contributorId":60706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sandberg, G. W.","contributorId":55426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sumison, C.T.","contributorId":39057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumison","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70157317,"text":"ofr301927 - 1974 - Limnological data from selected lakes in the San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:41:12","indexId":"ofr301927","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-15T01:15:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3019-27","title":"Limnological data from selected lakes in the San Francisco Bay region, California","docAbstract":"<p>Limnological data were compiled on 21 lakes in the San Francisco Bay area. The data were obtained from regulating agencies and from recent surveys made by the U.S. Geological Survey. The history of each lake and of its respective regulating agency is presented, along with methods used for data collection and analyses.</p>\n<p>The largest reservoir, Lake Berryessa, has a volume of 1,600,000 acre-ft (1,975 hm<sup>3</sup>), with a drainage. area of 576 mi<sup>2</sup> (1,490 km<sup>2</sup> ). Pilarcitos Lake is one of the smallest reservoirs, with a volume of 3,100 acre-ft (3. 8 hm<sup>3</sup>) and a drainage area of 3. 80 mi 2 (9.84km<sup>2</sup>). Eleven of the 21 reservoirs are open to the public for recreation. The most intensive shoreline development and use is at Lake Berryessa and Lake Merced. All but three of the 21 reservoirs (not including Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir) were thermally stratified during the summer. Eight of the reservoirs showed evidence of dissolvedoxygen depletion during the summer. Lafayette Reservoir and Loch Lomond are mechanically aerated in order to increase the dissolved-oxygen concentration and lower the surface water temperature. The lake waters ranged from the hard (320 mg/1 CaC0<sub>3</sub>) of Calero Reservoir, to the soft (27 mg/1 CaC0<sub>3</sub>) of Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir. Drainage from abandoned mercury mines in Santa Clara County has resulted in mercury concentrations in Calero and Lexington Reservoir fish which exceed U.S. Food and Drug limitations (0.5 <span>&mu;</span>/g) for acceptability of mercury in fish used for human food. In Loch Lomond, four major production periods of the blue-green algae, <i>Anabaena sp</i>. , occurred from May to October, 1967-69. Blue-green algae were the most numerous algae in Lake Del Valle from March through July 1971, with 5,400 blue-green algal organisms per millilitre collected in April.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr301927","usgsCitation":"Britton, L.J., Ferreira, R.F., and Averett, R.C., 1974, Limnological data from selected lakes in the San Francisco Bay region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 3019-27, vi, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr301927.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"89","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr301927.jpg"},{"id":310219,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1930/1927/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.60717773437499,\n              38.6897975322717\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08007812499999,\n              39.21523130910493\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.34423828125,\n              37.38325280195101\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.2508544921875,\n              36.69485094156225\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4044189453125,\n              35.74205383068034\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75598144531251,\n              36.17779108329074\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.60717773437499,\n              38.6897975322717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35b5e4b05d6c4e502c6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Britton, Linda J.","contributorId":72780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreira, Rodger F.","contributorId":13976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Rodger","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Averett, Robert C.","contributorId":27500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047759,"text":"70047759 - 1974 - Crest-stage gaging stations in Oregon: a compilation of peak data collected from October 1952 to September 1974","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47930,"text":"ofr71114 - 1970 - Crest-stage gaging stations in Oregon, a compilation of peak data collected from October 1952 to September 1970","indexId":"ofr71114","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Crest-stage gaging stations in Oregon, a compilation of peak data collected from October 1952 to September 1970"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047759,"text":"70047759 - 1974 - Crest-stage gaging stations in Oregon: a compilation of peak data collected from October 1952 to September 1974","indexId":"70047759","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Crest-stage gaging stations in Oregon: a compilation of peak data collected from October 1952 to September 1974"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T12:35:58","indexId":"70047759","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Crest-stage gaging stations in Oregon: a compilation of peak data collected from October 1952 to September 1974","docAbstract":"<p>A crest-stage gaging station provides an excellent means for determining peak water-surface elevations at a selected location on a stream channel. When related to streamflow, these data provide hydrologists with a knowledge of the flood experience of a drainage basin. If an adequate flood history is known, it is possible to estimate the probable magnitude and frequency of floods likely to occur in that basin, and this information is a valuable asset to anyone who must estimate design floods at proposed drainage structures. However, most design problems involve estimating peak flows on ungaged streams. This is difficult because the rate of storm runoff is not the same in all basins due to the influence of various basin characteristics which can either assist or retard the runoff. The crest-stage gaging program in Oregon is designed to provide a representative sampliing of peak flows at basins having a wide range in characteristics. Then, after sufficient data are collected, a statistical analysis can be made which will provide a means for estimating design floods at ungaged sites on the basis of known basin characteristics.</p><p>This report is one of a series presenting a compilation of peak data collected at 232 crest-stage gaging stations in Oregon. The collection and publication of these data are made possible through mutual funding by State and Federal agencies. The Geological Survey, the Oregon State Highway Commission, the Federal Highway Administration, and the Bureau of Land Management are currently supporting 160 active crest-stage stations in Oregon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047759","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Highway Commission, Federal Highway Commission, Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Friday, J., 1974, Crest-stage gaging stations in Oregon: a compilation of peak data collected from October 1952 to September 1974: Open-File Report, vi, 160 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047759.","productDescription":"vi, 160 p.","numberOfPages":"169","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science 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,{"id":70047677,"text":"70047677 - 1974 - Digital-model study of ground-water hydrology, Columbia Basin Irrigation Project Area, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-19T10:53:50","indexId":"70047677","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:24:04","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"40","title":"Digital-model study of ground-water hydrology, Columbia Basin Irrigation Project Area, Washington","docAbstract":"Since 1952 water diverted from the Columbia River at Grand Coulee Dam has been used to irrigate parts of the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project area in eastern Washington, and as a result ground-water levels generally have risen in the area. The rapid increases in ground-water inflow, outflow, and storage from irrigation have created a need for a better understanding of the ground-water system before and after the start of irrigation to establish guidelines necessary for management of the area's ground-water resource. Data and information from previous geologic and hydrologic studies were used as a basis for quantitative analyses of ground-water inflow and outflow by means of digital computer models representing three major areas--Quincy Basin, Pasco Basin, and Royal Slope.","language":"English","publisher":"Washington State Department of Ecology","publisherLocation":"Olympia, WA","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, H., Hansen, A.J., and Skrivan, J., 1974, Digital-model study of ground-water hydrology, Columbia Basin Irrigation Project Area, Washington: Water Supply Bulletin 40, iv, 60 p.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276743,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/wsb/pdfs/WSB_40_Book.pdf"},{"id":276744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047677.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0,45.0 ], [ -125.0,49.0 ], [ -117.0,49.0 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -125.0,45.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52136e32e4b0b08f446198c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, H.H.","contributorId":30610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, A. J. Jr.","contributorId":29840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skrivan, J.A.","contributorId":107743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrivan","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043037,"text":"70043037 - 1974 - Apollo 11 voice transcript pertaining to the geology of the landing site","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15835,"text":"ofr70287 - 1970 - Geologic transcript from Apollo 11 mission","indexId":"ofr70287","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic transcript from Apollo 11 mission"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043037,"text":"70043037 - 1974 - Apollo 11 voice transcript pertaining to the geology of the landing site","indexId":"70043037","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Apollo 11 voice transcript pertaining to the geology of the landing site"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-31T13:00:29","indexId":"70043037","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":360,"text":"Final Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Apollo 11 voice transcript pertaining to the geology of the landing site","docAbstract":"On July 20, 1969, America's Eagle touched down in southwestern Mare Tranquillitatis beginning man's firsthand exploration of the moon. This document is an edited record of the conversations between astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin \"Buzz\" Aldrin, Jr., at Tranquility Base, and Bruce McCandless at Mission Control in Houston during the approximately 22 hours spent on the lunar surface. It includes additional commentary during their return to Earth. It is a condensation hopefully of all the verbal data having geological significance. All discussions and observations documenting the lunar landscape, its geologic characteristics, the rocks and soils collected, and the photographic record are retained along with supplementary remarks essential to the continuity of events during the mission. We have deleted the words of mechanical housekeeping and engineering data, attempting not to lose the personal and philosophical aspects of this intensely human experience. The sources of this verbal transcript are the complete audio tapes recorded during the mission and the Technical Air-to-Ground Voice Transcription published by NASA. The voice record is listed chronologically given in days, hours, minutes, and seconds. These are the Ground Elapsed Times (GET) after launch from Kennedy Space Center which was 9:32 a.m. EDT on July 16, 1969. Figure 1 shows the vicinity of the landing site that was described, sampled, and photographed by the Apollo 11 crewmen.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70043037","usgsCitation":"Bailey, N.G., and Ulrich, G., 1974, Apollo 11 voice transcript pertaining to the geology of the landing site: Final Report, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043037.","productDescription":"42 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266843,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/Apollo11VoiceTranscript-Geology.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510ba075e4b0947afa3c8568","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, N. G.","contributorId":14408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ulrich, G. E.","contributorId":88737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038681,"text":"wdrCA7312 - 1974 - Water resources data for California, 1973; Part 1: Surface water records; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-13T01:01:48","indexId":"wdrCA7312","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-04T10:44:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-73-1-2","title":"Water resources data for California, 1973; Part 1: Surface water records; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley","docAbstract":"Surface-water records for the 1973 water year for California, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, are given in this report, Records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States also are included, The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of Lee R. Peterson, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA7312","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Water resources data for California, 1973; Part 1: Surface water records; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-73-1-2, xiv, 523 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA7312.","productDescription":"xiv, 523 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"1033","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":257515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_73_1_2.jpg"},{"id":257492,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1973/ca-73/WDR-1973-vol2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc957e4b08c986b32cce3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038245,"text":"70038245 - 1974 - Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 5: lower Housatonic River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-26T15:00:35","indexId":"70038245","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-22T14:28:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":108,"text":"Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"19","title":"Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 5: lower Housatonic River basin","docAbstract":"<p>The 557 square miles of the lower Housatonic River basin in western Connecticut include the basins of two major tributaries, the Pomperaug and Naugatuck Rivers. Nearly all water is derived from precipitation, which averaged 47 inches per year during 1931-60, In this period an additional 570 billion gallons of water per year entered the basin in the main stem of the Housatonic River at Lake Lillinonah, and some water was imported by water-supply systems from outside the basin. Almost half the precipitation--21.6 inches--was lost from the basin by evapotranspiration. Except for small amounts exported, the remainder discharged as runoff and underflow into Long Island Sound.  </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Variations in streamflow at 6 long-term continuous-record gaging stations are summarized in standardized graphs and tables that can be used to estimate streamflow characteristics at other sites. For example, mean flow and two low-flow characteristics, the 7-day annual minimum flow for 2-year and 10-year recurrence intervals, have been determined for many partial-record stations throughout the basin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Of the 37 principal lakes, ponds, and reservoirs in the basin, 6 have usable storage of more than 1 billion gallons. The “maximum safe draft rate” (described in: “Storage of Water in Lakes and Reservoirs”) of the largest of these, Thomaston Reservoir near Thomaston, is 75.6 million gallons per day for the 10-year and 20-year recurrence intervals of annual lowest mean flow.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Floods have occurred during every month, at one time or another. The two greatest floods on the Naugatuck River in historical time occurred 2 months apart in 1955. The larger, in August, had a peak of 106,000 cfs (cubic feet per second) at Beacon Falls. Since then, the likelihood of major floods has been considerably reduced by a program of flood control in the basin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Water can be obtained from three aquifers under-lying the basin-stratified drift, till, and bedrock. Stratified drift covers about 16 percent of the basin, mostly in valleys and lowlands, and its saturated part generally ranges in thickness from 10 feet in small valleys to 200 feet in the Housatonic River valley. Its transmissivity ranges from 0 to 47,000 ft<sup>2</sup>/day (feet shared per day). Till, deposited directly by glacial ice, forms a widespread but discontinuous mantle over bedrock in most upland areas and extends beneath stratified drift in lowlands; it ranges in thickness from 0 to 200 feet. The median value of 31 published determinations of hydraulic conductivity of till in southern New England is 0.67 ft/day and ranges from 0.013 to 29 ft/day. Crystalline bedrock underlies most of the basin and is composed principally of granite, gneiss, and schist. Sedimentary volcanic bedrock underlies only the Pomperaug River basin. Regardless of rock type, water is obtained mostly from fractures. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Streambed deposits are significant features of the hydrogeologic system because they affect the amount of water from streams and lakes that can be induced to infiltrate aquifers. Based on field tests, characteristic values of vertical hydraulic conductivity of streambed deposits are 0.40 ft/day for fine-grained deposits and 14 ft/day for gravelly deposits.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Ground-water supplies generally range in yield from several millions of gallons per day from large well fields to 1 gpm (gallons per minute) from single wells. Large supplies, with yields of 100 gpm or more from individual wells, are most commonly obtained from stratified drift. Yields to be expected from screened wells tapping this aquifer can be calculated by use of a series of graphs in conjunction with estimates of transmissivity and aquifer thickness.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The yields of 14 principal ground-water reservoirs are estimated from aquifer characteristics and also from the amount of water that can be obtained from aquifer storage, from interception or runoff, and from infiltration of streamflow at low-flow conditions, using a hypothetical well-field arrangement for each reservoir. It is assumed that induced infiltration is restricted to an amount equal to the 7-day annual minimum stream-flow for a 2-year recurrence interval. Yields range from 1.4 to 15 mgd (million gallons per day) during periods of no recharge, and from 2.0 to 17 mgd during recharge periods.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Small to moderate water supplies can be obtained from any of the aquifers under suitable conditions. For example, data from 294 wells in the basin indicate that yields of a few gallons per minute can be obtained from bedrock at most sites. The likelihood of obtaining an adequate domestic supply is slightly greater in granite than in schist and also is greater where the overburden is stratified drift rather than till.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Chemical analyses of precipitation samples collected monthly from five stations in the basin during a 9-month period in 1966 show that rainfall is acidic and that sulfate is the dominant anion, probably because of industrial fumes and smoke within and near the basin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Where unaffected by man’s activities, water in the basin is generally low in dissolved-solids concentration, is of the calcium magnesium bicarbonate type, and is soft to moderately hard. In general, streamflow is less mineralized than ground water, particularly when it consists largely of direct runoff. However, streamflow becomes more highly mineralized during low-flow conditions, when most of it consists of more highly mineralized water discharged from aquifers. The median value of dissolved-solids concentration of water at 22 stream sites was 51 mg/1 (milligrams per liter) during high flow, and 68 mg/1 during low flow within the study period. Iron and manganese occur naturally in objectionable concentrations in parts of the basin, particularly in streams draining swamps and in water from bedrock containing iron and manganese-bearing minerals.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Man’s activities have degraded the quality of water in streams in much of the basin, except in the Pomperaug subbasin. In the Naugatuck River basin, the degradation in quality is shown by wide and erratic changes in dissolved-solids concentration, excessive amounts of certain trace elements, a low dissolved oxygen content, and abnormally high temperatures. Ground water is degraded principally by induced infiltration of stream water containing chemical wastes, by wastes stored on the ground and by effluents from septic tanks.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Below its confluence with the Naugatuck River, much of the Housatonic River and adjoining marshes, wetlands, and aquifers contain salt water. Measurements of specific conductance during low-flow conditions in 1969 indicate that the dissolved-solids concentration of water in the estuary ranged from 210 mg/1 near Twomile Island to 20,000 mg/1 near Long Island Sound.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The quantity and quality of water in the basin are satisfactory for a wide variety of uses, and, with suitable treatment, the water may be used for most purposes. In 1967, the total amount of water used in the basin was about 194 billion gallons. About 90 percent of this was used for industrial purposes, and 95 percent of the industrial water was obtained from surface-water sources. In the same year, 17 municipal and private water-supply systems supplied water of satisfactory quality to about three-fourths of the population.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Wilson, W.E., Burke, E.L., and Thomas, C.E., 1974, Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 5: lower Housatonic River basin: Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 19, Report: viii, 79 p.; 6 Plates: 28.66 x 40.55 inches and smaller.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 79 p.; 6 Plates: 28.66 x 40.55 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258805,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0019/report.pdf","size":"29327","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":285980,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038245/plate-a.pdf"},{"id":285981,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038245/plate-b.pdf"},{"id":285982,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038245/plate-c-1.pdf"},{"id":285983,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038245/plate-c-2.pdf"},{"id":285984,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038245/plate-c-3.pdf"},{"id":285985,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038245/plate-d.pdf"}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Housatonic River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.333333,41.125 ], [ -73.333333,42.0 ], [ -72.9,42.0 ], [ -72.9,41.125 ], [ -73.333333,41.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcb7be4b08c986b32d693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, William E.","contributorId":46478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, Edward L.","contributorId":38398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Chester E. Jr.","contributorId":37182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Chester","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039072,"text":"70039072 - 1974 - Tour guide: John Wesley Powell Federal Building","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-10T01:01:49","indexId":"70039072","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:38:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Tour guide: John Wesley Powell Federal Building","docAbstract":"Data from 5,594 samples collected from 1931 through 2006 were used to describe naturally occurring fluoride concentrations in freshwater aquifers in Louisiana. Statistical analyses were used to summarize fluoride concentrations in the aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039072","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Tour guide: John Wesley Powell Federal Building: General Information Product, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039072.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261291,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039072/report.pdf"},{"id":261292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039072/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Reston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.61666666666666,38.75 ], [ -77.61666666666666,39.11666666666667 ], [ -77.11666666666666,39.11666666666667 ], [ -77.11666666666666,38.75 ], [ -77.61666666666666,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5a5e4b08c986b3267e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039544,"text":"70039544 - 1974 - Shore zone land use and land cover: Central Atlantic Regional Ecological Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:52","indexId":"70039544","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:16:26","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":372,"text":"Natural Resources Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"8","title":"Shore zone land use and land cover: Central Atlantic Regional Ecological Test Site","docAbstract":"Anderson's 1972 United States Geological Survey classification in modified form was applied to the barrier-island coastline within the CARETS region. High-altitude, color-infrared photography of December, 1972, and January, 1973, served as the primary data base in this study. The CARETS shore zone studied was divided into six distinct geographical regions; area percentages for each class in the modified Anderson classification are presented. Similarities and differences between regions are discussed within the framework of man's modification of these landscapes. The results of this study are presented as a series of 19 maps of land-use categories. Recommendations are made for a remote-sensing system for monitoring the CARETS shore zone within the context of the dynamics of the landscapes studied.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039544","usgsCitation":"Dolan, R., Hayden, B., and Vincent, C., 1974, Shore zone land use and land cover: Central Atlantic Regional Ecological Test Site: Natural Resources Report 8, v, 50 p.; maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039544.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.; maps; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261668,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039544/report.pdf"},{"id":261669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039544/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e83e4b08c986b3189af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolan, R.","contributorId":44053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayden, B.P.","contributorId":32049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayden","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vincent, C.L.","contributorId":85849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046328,"text":"wdrNM731 - 1974 - Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1973; Part 1. Surface water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T10:54:41","indexId":"wdrNM731","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NM-73-1","title":"Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1973; Part 1. Surface water records","docAbstract":"Surface-water records for the 1973 calendar year for New Mexico, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, are given in this report and their locations shown in figures 1, 2. Records for a 'few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States also are included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the US. Geological Survey under the direction of W. E. Hale, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Mexico. Through September 30, 1960, the records of discharge and stage of streams and canals and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U.S. Geological Survey water supply papers entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States\" Beginning with the 1961 water year, surface-water records have been released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State boundary basis. Distribution of these reports is limited; they are designed primarily for rapid release of data shortly after the end of the water year to meet local needs. The discharge and reservoir storage records for 1961-65 also are published in a Geological Survey water supply paper series entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States 1961-65.\" There will be a similar series of water-supply papers for the water years 1966-70.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Santa Fe, NM","doi":"10.3133/wdrNM731","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Mexico and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1973; Part 1. Surface water records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NM-73-1, 250 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNM731.","productDescription":"250 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274526,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1973/nm-73/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.052,31.3322 ], [ -109.052,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,31.3322 ], [ -109.052,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b300ebe4b01368e589e42f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70001273,"text":"70001273 - 1974 - Presentation and interpretation of chemical data for igneous rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T13:36:22.450594","indexId":"70001273","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:33","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presentation and interpretation of chemical data for igneous rocks","docAbstract":"<p>Arguments are made in favor of using variation diagrams to plot analyses of igneous rocks and their derivatives and modeling differentiation processes by least-squares mixing procedures. These methods permit study of magmatic differentiation and related processes in terms of<i>all</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of the chemical data available. Data are presented as they are reported by the chemist and specific processes may be modeled and either quantitatively described or rejected as inappropriate or too simple.</p><p>Examples are given of the differing interpretations that can arise when data are plotted on an AEM ternary vs. the same data on a full set of MgO variation diagrams. Mixing procedures are illustrated with reference to basaltic lavas from the Columbia Plateau.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00951332","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Wright, T.L., 1974, Presentation and interpretation of chemical data for igneous rocks: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 233-248, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00951332.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"248","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.970703125,\n              43.89789239125797\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              43.89789239125797\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              47.69497434186282\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.970703125,\n              47.69497434186282\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.970703125,\n              43.89789239125797\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, T. L.","contributorId":11188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224548,"text":"5224548 - 1974 - Capture-recapture analysis of a wintering black-capped chickadee population in Connecticut, 1958-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224548","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:58","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture-recapture analysis of a wintering black-capped chickadee population in Connecticut, 1958-1993","docAbstract":"We investigated the dynamics of a wintering population of Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) using data from a long-term capture-recapture study. Goodness-of-fit and likelihood-ratio tests indicated that the standard Jolly-Seber model was inadequate for the data, so we explored different parameterizations of a model in which survival probability for new captures differed from that of previously marked birds.  One possible explanation for the lower local survival rate of new captures is that some of the birds were transients that had no chance of being recaptured.  Average survival probability over the entire period was 0.62, and the estimated fraction of transients among unmarked birds was 0.27.  We found evidence that chickadee survival rates were  lower in years immediately following establishment of the Tufted Titmouse (Parus bicolor) as a territorial species (after 1967) than during years immediately preceding this event.  We found no evidence that chickadee survival rates were lower in the years immediately following establishment of territorial raptors (after 1984) than during preceding years.  Evidence suggested a long-term decline in survival probability from 1959 to 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1974, Capture-recapture analysis of a wintering black-capped chickadee population in Connecticut, 1958-1993: American Birds, v. 28, no. 2, p. 273-274.","productDescription":"273-274","startPage":"273","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15893,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v114n03/p0431-p0442.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222231,"text":"5222231 - 1974 - Breeding red-winged blackbirds in captivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T09:50:00","indexId":"5222231","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding red-winged blackbirds in captivity","docAbstract":"<p>Ability to establish and maintain self-sustaining breeding colonies of captive Red-winged Blackbirds (<i>Agelaius phoeniceus</i>) would facilitate long-term studies designed to develop methods for alleviating blackbird depredations as well as provide basic life history data. To be most useful, the colonies should be established in pens near laboratory facilities; this frequently involves putting colonies in unnatural nesting habitat. This paper describes a 5-year effort at Gainesville, Florida, to induce captive Red-wings, most of them taken from the wild as nestlings and then hand-reared in our laboratory, to breed regularly under such conditions.</p><p> Except for an undocumented report of two young fully reared at the London Zoo in 1913 (Prestwick per. comm.), captive Red-wings have not been induced to breed successfully under avicultural conditions. In 1969, captive Red-wings, wild-trapped as adults, were induced to breed and to rear young successfully in large pens over normal marsh and hayfield nesting habitat in Ohio (Jackson pers. comm.). Earlier, a pair of Red-wings that had been caught as adults and kept together for a year hatched two young in a 40- X 20- X 6-foot cage in Massachusetts (Wetherbee 1960, Wilson Bull. 74: 90), but the nestlings died soon after hatching.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4084732","usgsCitation":"Know, C., and Stickley, A., 1974, Breeding red-winged blackbirds in captivity: The Auk, v. 91, no. 4, p. 808-816, https://doi.org/10.2307/4084732.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"808","endPage":"816","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4084732","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb40f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Know, C.J.","contributorId":31871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Know","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickley, A.R. Jr.","contributorId":14538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickley","given":"A.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224400,"text":"5224400 - 1974 - Optimal exploitation strategies for an animal population in a stochastic serially correlated environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224400","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1397,"text":"Dissertation Abstracts International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal exploitation strategies for an animal population in a stochastic serially correlated environment","docAbstract":"Optimal exploitation strategies were studied for an animal population in a stochastic, serially correlated environment.  This is a general case and encompasses a number of important cases as simplifications.  Data on the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) were used to explore the exploitation strategies and test several hypotheses because relatively much is known concerning the life history and general ecology of this species and extensive empirical data are available for analysis.  The number of small ponds on the central breeding grounds was used as an index to the state of the environment.     Desirable properties of an optimal exploitation strategy were defined.  A mathematical model was formulated to provide a synthesis of the existing literature, estimates of parameters developed from an analysis of data, and hypotheses regarding the specific effect of exploitation on total survival.  Both the literature and the analysis of data were inconclusive concerning the effect of exploitation on survival.  Therefore, alternative hypotheses were formulated: (1) exploitation mortality represents a largely additive form of mortality, or (2 ) exploitation mortality is compensatory with other forms of mortality, at least to some threshold level.  Models incorporating these two hypotheses were formulated as stochastic dynamic programming models and optimal exploitation strategies were derived numerically on a digital computer.     Optimal exploitation strategies were found to exist under rather general conditions. Direct feedback control was an integral component in the optimal decision-making process.  Optimal exploitation was found to be substantially different depending upon  the hypothesis regarding the effect of exploitation on the population.  Assuming that exploitation is largely an additive force of mortality, optimal exploitation decisions are a convex function of the size of the breeding population and a linear or slightly concave function of the environmental conditions.  Optimal exploitation under this hypothesis tends to reduce the variance of the size of the population.  Under the hypothesis of compensatory mortality forces, optimal exploitation decisions are approximately linearly related to the size of the breeding population.     Environmental variables may be somewhat more important than the size of the breeding population to the production of young mallards. In contrast, the size of the breeding population appears to be more important in the exploitation process than is the state of the environment.  The form of the exploitation strategy appears to be relatively insensitive to small changes in the production rate.  In general, the relative importance of the size of the breeding population may decrease as fecundity increases.     The optimal level of exploitation in year t must be based on the observed size of the population and the state of the environment in year t unless the dynamics of the population, the state of the environment, and the result of the exploitation decisions are completely deterministic.  Exploitation based on an average harvest, harvest rate, or designed to maintain a constant breeding population size is inefficient.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dissertation Abstracts International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Order No. 74-29,047","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., 1974, Optimal exploitation strategies for an animal population in a stochastic serially correlated environment: Dissertation Abstracts International, v. 35, no. 6.","productDescription":"3107 (abstract)","startPage":"3107","numberOfPages":"3107","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb92e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222378,"text":"5222378 - 1974 - Progress report on the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"5222378","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":641,"text":"Acta Ornithologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progress report on the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"The Breeding Bird Survey has been monitoring bird population changes in the U.S.A. and Canada since 1966. Each cooperator makes 50 3-minute stops at 0.8-km intervals along randomly selected roadside routes in 4 to 4 1/2 hours on one morning in June of each year. Data from the 1500 to 1600 routes are entered on magnetic tape, edited for accuracy, and then used for statistical analysis of population change at four geographic levels: physiographic region; state or province; region (eastern, central and western); and the continent. Examples of use of the data are: (1) detection of year-to-year changes in continental or rcgional populations; (2) use of population indices to show long-term population changes; (3) range expansion and contraction at the state level, including some of the reasons for those changes and documenting the associated population shifts within the original range; (4) mapping distribution and relative abundance on either a state, regional or continental scale; (5) mapping changes in abundance; and(6) comparing breeding with winter distribution.  Future potential uses will include estimates of total continental populations and indices of environmental quality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ornithologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the International Bird Census Committee and second meeting of the European Ornithological Atlas Committee / editors, J. Pinowski and K. Williamson, held 1972, Warsaw, Poland","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., and Van Velzen, W., 1974, Progress report on the North American Breeding Bird Survey: Acta Ornithologica, v. 14, no. 8, p. 170-191.","productDescription":"170-191","startPage":"170","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Velzen, W.T.","contributorId":72080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Velzen","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220946,"text":"5220946 - 1974 - The breeding bird atlas of Montgomery County, Maryland, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"5220946","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:56","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":641,"text":"Acta Ornithologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The breeding bird atlas of Montgomery County, Maryland, USA","docAbstract":"A two-year Breeding Bird Atlas program for Montgomery County was undertaken by the Maryland Ornithological Society in 1971-1972.  The county was divided into 65 5 km blocks and each block was assigned to an observer.  Preliminary results show 46 to 93 species (mean 66) recorded per 5 km block and from 10 to 52 species (mean 28) confirmed per block.  When the data are combined into 10 km block, the number of species recorded ranges from 74 to 97 (mean 88) and the number of confirmed species ranges from 36 to 62 (mean 49).  The organizers underestimated the amount of time that would be required for sufficient coverage, and they plan to extend coverage for a third year in order to provide a much firmer basis for future comparisons.  Specific suggestions for improving coverage are listed.  The advantages of using as small a grid as possible are stressed, and it is recommended that in future Atlas projects each assigned block be subdivided into quarters for more detailed mapping, and especially to enable future changes in bird distribution to be detected more readily.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ornithologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the International Bird Census Committee and second meeting of the European Ornithological Atlas Committee / editors, J. Pinowski and K. Williamson, held 1972, Warsaw, Poland","usgsCitation":"Klimkiewicz, M.K., and Robbins, C., 1974, The breeding bird atlas of Montgomery County, Maryland, USA: Acta Ornithologica, v. 14, no. 37, p. 446-458.","productDescription":"446-458","startPage":"446","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimkiewicz, M. K.","contributorId":53490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimkiewicz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}