We studied diet and habitat use of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) from autumn through spring on their primary staging and wintering areas in the Pacific Flyway, 1979–1982. There have been few previous studies of resource use and forage quality of wintering greater white-fronted geese in North America, and as a consequence there has been little empirical support for management practices pertaining to habitat conservation of this broadly distributed species. Observations of >2,500 flocks of geese and collections of foraging birds revealed seasonal and geographic variation in resource use reflective of changes in habitat availability, selection, and fluctuating physiological demands. Autumn migrants from Alaska arrived first in the Klamath Basin of California and southern Oregon, where they fed on barley, oats, wheat, and potatoes. Geese migrated from the Klamath Basin into the Central Valley of California in late autumn where they exploited agricultural crops rich in soluble carbohydrates, with geese in the Sacramento Valley feeding almost exclusively on rice and birds on the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta primarily utilizing corn. White-fronted geese began their northward migration in late winter, and by early spring most had returned to the Klamath Basin where 37% of flocks were found in fields of new growth cultivated and wild grasses. Cereal grains and potatoes ingested by geese were low in protein (7–14%) and high in soluble nutrients (17–47% neutral detergent fiber [NDF]), whereas grasses were low in available energy (47–49% NDF) but high in protein (26–42%). Greater white-fronted geese are generalist herbivores and can exploit a variety of carbohydrate-rich cultivated crops, likely making these geese less susceptible to winter food shortages than prior to the agriculturalization of the North American landscape. However, agricultural landscapes can be extremely dynamic and may be less predictable in the long-term than the historic environments to which geese are adapted. Thus far greater white-fronted geese have proved resilient to changes in land cover in the Pacific Flyway and by altering their migration regime have even been able to adapt to changes in the availability of suitable forage crops.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.13","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., and Raveling, D.G., 2011, Seasonal variation in nutritional characteristics of the diet of greater white-fronted geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 78-91, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.13.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"91","ipdsId":"IP-019863","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Flyway","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -139.06,14.53 ], [ -139.06,60.0 ], [ -86.71,60.0 ], [ -86.71,14.53 ], [ -139.06,14.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355955ee4b0120853e8c1ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raveling, Dennis G.","contributorId":89443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raveling","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004663,"text":"70004663 - 2011 - Non-native species impacts on pond occupancy by an anuran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-18T15:46:49.051883","indexId":"70004663","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-native species impacts on pond occupancy by an anuran","docAbstract":"Non‐native fish and bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) are frequently cited as contributing to the decline of ranid frogs in the western United States, so we hypothesized that non‐native species, habitat, or a combination of these relate to the probability of local extinction for northern red‐legged frogs (Rana aurora) in Oregon, USA. We also hypothesized that the probability of colonization relates to land use, wetland size, or riparian forest. In a 5‐yr study, we found no support for an effect of non‐native species on northern red‐legged frogs. Instead, probability of local extinction decreased with the extent of emergent vegetation and riparian forest. This finding suggests that managers consider the role of habitat when confronting non‐native species problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.29","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Pearl, C., Galvan, S., and McCreary, B., 2011, Non-native species impacts on pond occupancy by an anuran: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 30-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.29.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.59619140625001,\n 44.09547572946637\n ],\n [\n -122.72277832031251,\n 44.07574700247845\n ],\n [\n -122.36572265625,\n 45.598665689820635\n ],\n [\n -123.23364257812499,\n 45.54098421805075\n ],\n [\n -123.59619140625001,\n 44.09547572946637\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6352a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Michael J. 0000-0001-8844-042X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":211916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galvan, Stephanie 0000-0002-9864-3674 stephanie_galvan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-3674","contributorId":3135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galvan","given":"Stephanie","email":"stephanie_galvan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCreary, Brome","contributorId":105005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156391,"text":"70156391 - 2011 - An approach to modeling coupled thermal-hydraulic-chemical processes in geothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T14:04:06.057967","indexId":"70156391","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An approach to modeling coupled thermal-hydraulic-chemical processes in geothermal systems","docAbstract":"Interactions between hydrothermal fluids and rock alter mineralogy, leading to the formation of secondary minerals and potentially significant physical and chemical property changes. Reactive transport simulations are essential for evaluating the coupled processes controlling the geochemical, thermal and hydrological evolution of geothermal systems. The objective of this preliminary investigation is to successfully replicate observations from a series of hydrothermal laboratory experiments [Morrow et al., 2001] using the code TOUGHREACT. The laboratory experiments carried out by Morrow et al. [2001] measure permeability reduction in fractured and intact Westerly granite due to high-temperature fluid flow through core samples. Initial permeability and temperature values used in our simulations reflect these experimental conditions and range from 6.13 × 10−20 to 1.5 × 10−17 m2 and 150 to 300 °C, respectively. The primary mineralogy of the model rock is plagioclase (40 vol.%), K-feldspar (20 vol.%), quartz (30 vol.%), and biotite (10 vol.%). The simulations are constrained by the requirement that permeability, relative mineral abundances, and fluid chemistry agree with experimental observations. In the models, the granite core samples are represented as one-dimensional reaction domains. We find that the mineral abundances, solute concentrations, and permeability evolutions predicted by the models are consistent with those observed in the experiments carried out by Morrow et al. [2001] only if the mineral reactive surface areas decrease with increasing clay mineral abundance. This modeling approach suggests the importance of explicitly incorporating changing mineral surface areas into reactive transport models.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, thirty-sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"Thirty-Sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"January 31-February 2, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, California","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford Geothermal Program","publisherLocation":"Stanford, California","usgsCitation":"Palguta, J., Williams, C.F., Ingebritsen, S.E., Hickman, S.H., and Sonnenthal, E., 2011, An approach to modeling coupled thermal-hydraulic-chemical processes in geothermal systems, in Proceedings, thirty-sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, California, January 31-February 2, 2011, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027365","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/IGAstandard/search_results.php?showmax=99&CONFERENCE=Stanford%20Geothermal%20Workshop&SortField=Last1&SortOrder=Ascend&Find=Start%20Search&Year=2011"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa2fe4b0518e3546bc14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palguta, Jennifer","contributorId":146806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palguta","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sonnenthal, Eric","contributorId":146807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonnenthal","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":99017,"text":"sim3136 - 2011 - Hydrogeologic data update for the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creek valleys, Dutchess County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sim3136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3136","title":"Hydrogeologic data update for the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creek valleys, Dutchess County, New York","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout Creek and Fishkill Creek valleys in southern Dutchess County, New York, previously investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1982, was updated through the use of new well data made available through the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation's Water Well Program. Additional well data related to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) remedial investigations of two groundwater contamination sites near the villages of Hopewell Junction and Shenandoah, New York, were also used in this study. The boundary of the stratified-drift aquifer described in a previous USGS report was extended slightly eastward and southward to include adjacent tributary valleys and the USEPA groundwater contamination site at Shenandoah, New York. The updated report consists of maps showing well locations, surficial geology, altitude of the water table, and saturated thickness of the aquifer. Geographic information system coverages of these four maps were created as part of the update process.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation\r\n","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., and Calef, F., 2011, Hydrogeologic data update for the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creek valleys, Dutchess County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3136, Four Map Sheets; Sheet 1: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 2: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 3: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 4: 36 inches x 50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3136.","productDescription":"Four Map Sheets; Sheet 1: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 2: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 3: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 4: 36 inches x 50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3136.gif"},{"id":14453,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,41.45 ], [ -74,41.75 ], [ -73.71666666666667,41.75 ], [ -73.71666666666667,41.45 ], [ -74,41.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calef, F.J. III","contributorId":91068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calef","given":"F.J.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99018,"text":"sir20115005 - 2011 - Connection equation and shaly-sand correction for electrical resistivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:33","indexId":"sir20115005","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5005","title":"Connection equation and shaly-sand correction for electrical resistivity","docAbstract":"Estimating the amount of conductive and nonconductive constituents in the pore space of sediments by using electrical resistivity logs generally loses accuracy where clays are present in the reservoir. Many different methods and clay models have been proposed to account for the conductivity of clay (termed the shaly-sand correction). In this study, the connectivity equation (CE), which is a new approach to model non-Archie rocks, is used to correct for the clay effect and is compared with results using the Waxman and Smits method. The CE presented here requires no parameters other than an adjustable constant, which can be derived from the resistivity of water-saturated sediments. The new approach was applied to estimate water saturation of laboratory data and to estimate gas hydrate saturations at the Mount Elbert well on the Alaska North Slope. Although not as accurate as the Waxman and Smits method to estimate water saturations for the laboratory measurements, gas hydrate saturations estimated at the Mount Elbert well using the proposed CE are comparable to estimates from the Waxman and Smits method. Considering its simplicity, it has high potential to be used to account for the clay effect on electrical resistivity measurement in other systems.\r\n\r\n \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115005","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2011, Connection equation and shaly-sand correction for electrical resistivity: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5005, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115005.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5005.png"},{"id":14454,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69776c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99015,"text":"sir20105229 - 2011 - Estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages of groundwater from selected sites: National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T22:35:17.447446","indexId":"sir20105229","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5229","title":"Estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages of groundwater from selected sites: National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–2005","docAbstract":"This report documents selected age data interpreted from measured concentrations of environmental tracers in groundwater from 1,399 National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program groundwater sites across the United States. The tracers of interest were chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He).
Tracer data compiled for this analysis primarily were from wells representing two types of NAWQA groundwater studies—Land-Use Studies (shallow wells, usually monitoring wells, in recharge areas under dominant land-use settings) and Major-Aquifer Studies (wells, usually domestic supply wells, in principal aquifers and representing the shallow, used resource). Reference wells (wells representing groundwater minimally impacted by anthropogenic activities) associated with Land-Use Studies also were included. Tracer samples were collected between 1992 and 2005, although two networks sampled from 2006 to 2007 were included because of network-specific needs. Tracer data from other NAWQA Program components (Flow System Studies, which are assessments of processes and trends along groundwater flow paths, and various topical studies) were not compiled herein.
Tracer data from NAWQA Land-Use Studies and Major-Aquifer Studies that previously had been interpreted and published are compiled herein (as piston-flow ages), but have not been reinterpreted. Tracer data that previously had not been interpreted and published are evaluated using documented methods and compiled with aqueous concentrations, equivalent atmospheric concentrations (for CFCs and SF6), estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages, and selected ancillary data, such as redox indicators, well construction, and major dissolved gases (N2, O2, Ar, CH4, and CO2).
Tracer-based piston-flow ages documented in this report are simplistic representations of the tracer data. Tracer-based piston-flow ages are a convenient means of conceptualizing groundwater age. However, the piston-flow model is based on the potentially limiting assumptions that tracer transport is advective and that no mixing occurs. Additional uncertainties can arise from tracer degradation, sorption, contamination, or fractionation; terrigenic (natural) sources of tracers; spatially variable atmospheric tracer concentrations; and incomplete understanding of mechanisms of recharge or of the conditions under which atmospheric tracers were partitioned to recharge. The effects of some of these uncertainties are considered herein. For example, degradation, contamination, or fractionation often can be identified or inferred. However, detailed analysis of the effects of such uncertainties on the tracer-based piston-flow ages is constrained by sparse data and an absence of complementary lines of evidence, such as detailed solute transport simulations. Thus, the tracer-based piston-flow ages compiled in this report represent only an initial interpretation of the tracer data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105229","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S.R., Shapiro, S., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Widman, P.K., Casile, G.C., and Wayland, J.E., 2011, Estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages of groundwater from selected sites: National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5229, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105229.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5229.jpg"},{"id":14451,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wayland, Julian E. jwayland@usgs.gov","contributorId":4008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayland","given":"Julian","email":"jwayland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":99016,"text":"sir20105215 - 2011 - Use of diverse geochemical data sets to determine sources and sinks of nitrate and methane in groundwater, Garfield County, Colorado, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"sir20105215","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5215","title":"Use of diverse geochemical data sets to determine sources and sinks of nitrate and methane in groundwater, Garfield County, Colorado, 2009","docAbstract":"Previous water-quality assessments reported elevated concentrations of nitrate and methane in water from domestic wells screened in shallow zones of the Wasatch Formation, Garfield County, Colorado. In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, analyzed samples collected from 26 domestic wells for a diverse set of geochemical tracers for the purpose of determining sources and sinks of nitrate and methane in groundwater from the Wasatch Formation.\r\n\r\nNitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.04 to 6.74 milligrams per liter as nitrogen (mg/L as N) and were significantly lower in water samples with dissolved-oxygen concentrations less than 0.5 mg/L than in samples with dissolved-oxygen concentrations greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/L. Chloride/bromide mass ratios and tracers of groundwater age (tritium, chlorofluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride) indicate that septic-system effluent or animal waste was a source of nitrate in some young groundwater (less than 50 years), although other sources such as fertilizer also may have contributed nitrate to the groundwater. Nitrate and nitrogen gas (N2) concentrations indicate that denitrification was the primary sink for nitrate in anoxic groundwater, removing 99 percent of the original nitrate content in some samples that had nitrate concentrations greater than 10 mg/L as N at the time of recharge.\r\n\r\nMethane concentrations ranged from less than 0.0005 to 32.5 mg/L and were significantly higher in water samples with dissolved-oxygen concentrations less than 0.5 mg/L than in samples with dissolved-oxygen concentrations greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/L. High methane concentrations (greater than 1 mg/L) in some samples were biogenic in origin and appeared to be derived from a relatively deep source on the basis of helium concentrations and isotopic data. One such sample had water-isotopic and major-ion compositions similar to that of produced water from the underlying Mesaverde Group, which was the primary natural-gas producing interval in the study area. Methane in the Mesaverde Group was largely thermogenic in origin so biogenic methane in the sample probably was derived from deeper zones in the Wasatch Formation. The primary methane sink in the aquifer appeared to be methane oxidation on the basis of dissolved-oxygen and methane concentrations and methane isotopic data.\r\n\r\nThe diverse data sets used in this study enhance previous water-quality assessments by providing new and more complete insights into the sources and sinks of nitrate and methane in groundwater. Field measurements of dissolved oxygen in groundwater were useful indicators of the Wasatch Formation's vulnerability to nitrate and methane contamination or enrichment. Results from this study also provide new evidence for the movement of water, ions, and gases into the shallow Wasatch Formation from sources such as the Mesaverde Group and deeper Wasatch Formation.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment\r\n","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Thomas, J., and Hunt, A., 2011, Use of diverse geochemical data sets to determine sources and sinks of nitrate and methane in groundwater, Garfield County, Colorado, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5215, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105215.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5215.bmp"},{"id":14452,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.88333333333334,39.36666666666667 ], [ -107.88333333333334,39.63333333333333 ], [ -107.58333333333333,39.63333333333333 ], [ -107.58333333333333,39.36666666666667 ], [ -107.88333333333334,39.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60461d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, J.C.","contributorId":95435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, A.G.","contributorId":68691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038474,"text":"70038474 - 2011 - Rock fall simulation at Timpanogos Cave National Monument, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T20:39:38.14519","indexId":"70038474","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-27T15:38:10","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rock fall simulation at Timpanogos Cave National Monument, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"Rock fall from limestone cliffs at Timpanogos Cave National Monument in American Fork Canyon east of Provo, Utah, is a common occurrence. The cave is located in limestone cliffs high on the southern side of the canyon. One fatality in 1933 led to the construction of rock fall shelters at the cave entrance and exit in 1976. Numerous rock fall incidents, including a near miss in 2000 in the vicinity of the trail below the cave exit, have led to a decision to extend the shelter at the cave exit to protect visitors from these ongoing rock fall events initiating from cliffs immediately above the cave exit. Three-dimensional rock fall simulations from sources at the top of these cliffs have provided data from which to assess the spatial frequencies and velocities of rock falls from the cliffs and to constrain the design of protective measures to reduce the rock fall hazard. Results from the rock fall simulations are consistent with the spatial patterns of rock fall impacts that have been observed at the cave exit site.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10346-010-0251-7","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., Dart, R.L., and Reichenbach, P., 2011, Rock fall simulation at Timpanogos Cave National Monument, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA: Landslides, v. 8, no. 3, p. 373-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-010-0251-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"379","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Timpanogos Cave National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.71666666666667,40.43333333333333 ], [ -111.71666666666667,40.45 ], [ -111.7,40.45 ], [ -111.7,40.43333333333333 ], [ -111.71666666666667,40.43333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadece4b0c8380cd86fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichenbach, Paola","contributorId":106221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenbach","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99014,"text":"ofr20101325B - 2011 - The effects of sediment and mercury mobilization in the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek confluence area, Nevada County, California: Concentrations, speciation and environmental fate - Part 2: Laboratory Experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T18:27:39.327888","indexId":"ofr20101325B","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1325","chapter":"B","title":"The effects of sediment and mercury mobilization in the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek confluence area, Nevada County, California: Concentrations, speciation and environmental fate - Part 2: Laboratory Experiments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101325B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Agee, J.L., Kakouros, E., Kieu, L.H., Fleck, J., and Alpers, C.N., 2011, The effects of sediment and mercury mobilization in the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek confluence area, Nevada County, California: Concentrations, speciation and environmental fate - Part 2: Laboratory Experiments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1325, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101325B.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403421,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94821.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14450,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1325B/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Nevada County","otherGeospatial":"South Yuba River and Humbug Creek confluence area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.9333,\n 39.3369\n ],\n [\n -120.9314,\n 39.3369\n ],\n [\n -120.9314,\n 39.3383\n ],\n [\n -120.9333,\n 39.3383\n ],\n [\n -120.9333,\n 39.3369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479de4b07f02db491e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agee, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-5964-5079 jlagee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-5079","contributorId":2586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kakouros, Eangelos","contributorId":95853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"Eangelos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kieu, Le H. lkieu@usgs.gov","contributorId":25115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieu","given":"Le","email":"lkieu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":99012,"text":"sir20105239 - 2011 - Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":99012,"text":"sir20105239 - 2011 - Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas","indexId":"sir20105239","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70041359,"text":"sir20125246 - 2012 - Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10","indexId":"sir20125246","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70041359,"text":"sir20125246 - 2012 - Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10","indexId":"sir20125246","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-23T15:31:26","indexId":"sir20105239","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5239","title":"Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas","docAbstract":"Lake Maumelle is one of two principal drinking-water supplies for the Little Rock and North Little Rock metropolitan areas. Lake Maumelle and the Maumelle River (its primary tributary) are more pristine than most other reservoirs and streams in the region. However, as the Lake Maumelle watershed becomes increasingly more urbanized and timber harvesting becomes more frequent, concerns about the sustainability of the quality of the water supply also have increased. Two models were developed to partially address these concerns. A Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model was developed using input data collected from October 2004 through 2008. A CE-QUAL-W2 model was developed to simulate reservoir hydrodynamics and selected water quality using the simulated output from the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model from January 2005 through 2008.\n\nThe Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN watershed model was calibrated to five streamflow-gaging stations, and in general, these stations characterize a range of subwatershed areas with varying land-use types. Continuous streamflow data, discrete sediment concentration data, and other discrete water-quality data were used to calibrate the Lake Maumelle Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model. The CE-QUAL-W2 reservoir model was calibrated to water-quality data and reservoir pool altitude collected during January 2005 through December 2008 at three lake stations.\n\nIn general, the overall simulation for the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN and CE-UAL-W2 models matched reasonably well to the measured data. In general, simulated and measured suspended-sediment concentrations during periods of base flow (streamflows not substantially influenced by runoff) agree reasonably well for Williams Junction (with differences-simulated minus measured value-generally ranging from -14 to 19 mg/L, and percent difference-relative to the measured value-ranging from -87 to 642 percent) and Wye (differences generally ranging from -2 to 14 mg/L, -62 to 251 percent); however, the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model generally does not match the suspended-sediment concentrations for all stations during periods of stormflow (streamflow substantially influenced by runoff). Generally, this is also the case for fecal coliform bacteria numbers and total organic carbon and nutrient concentrations. In general, water temperature and dissolved-oxygen concentration simulations followed measured seasonal trends for all stations with the largest differences occurring during periods of lowest water temperatures (for temperature) or during the periods of lowest measured dissolved-oxygen concentrations (for dissolved oxygen).\n\nFor the CE-QUAL-W2 model, simulated vertical distributions of temperatures and dissolved-oxygen concentrations agreed with measured distributions even for complex temperature profiles. Considering the oligotrophic-mesotrophic (low to intermediate primary productivity and associated low nutrient concentrations) condition of Lake Maumelle, simulated algae, phosphorus, and ammonia concentrations compared well with generally low measured values.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105239","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Central Arkansas Water","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.M., Westerman, D.A., Petersen, J., Green, W.R., and De Lanois, J.L., 2011, Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5239, ix, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105239.","productDescription":"ix, 103 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5239.bmp"},{"id":14449,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,34.666666666666664 ], [ -93,35.11666666666667 ], [ -92.16666666666667,35.11666666666667 ], [ -92.16666666666667,34.666666666666664 ], [ -93,34.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62479a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De Lanois, Jeanne L. jdelanoi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Lanois","given":"Jeanne","email":"jdelanoi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70236679,"text":"70236679 - 2011 - An analytical model to predict dune and cliff notching due to wave impact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-15T16:23:52.401242","indexId":"70236679","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-25T11:10:39","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An analytical model to predict dune and cliff notching due to wave impact","docAbstract":"A model was developed to calculate the evolution of a notch in a dune or cliff due to wave impact. Analytical solutions were derived to the model for schematized conditions regarding forcing and dune/cliff properties. Comparisons were made with laboratory experiments where the time evolution of the notch was measured. Values of the transport coefficients in the analytical solutions were determined by least-square fitting the solutions to the laboratory data. Some of these coefficients could be related to the ratio between parameters describing the forcing and the dune/cliff strength. The evolution of the dune notch displayed a linear behavior at short times, whereas the cliff notch showed a more complex response for cases where a feedback between the notch and a beach formed seaward of the cliff occurred.
Rusa unicolor (Kerr, 1792), or sambar, is the largest Oriental deer. Seven subspecies occur in varied habitats and elevations from India and Sri Lanka throughout southeastern Asia. Body mass and antler length decrease from west to east. R. unicolor is considered ancestral relative to the form of its male-only antlers and social behavior. Populations are vulnerable because of overexploitation for subsistence and markets in meat and antlers. R. unicolor was elevated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources from no status in 2006 to “Vulnerable” in 2008 because of >50% decline in many populations over the past 3 generations. It is well represented in zoos and private collections and is introduced in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/871.1","usgsCitation":"Leslie, D., 2011, Rusa unicolor (Artiodactyla: Cervidae): Mammalian Species, v. 43, no. 871, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1644/871.1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-015956","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"871","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b9e4b0e541a03c1a8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99010,"text":"sir20105222 - 2011 - Sedimentology and reservoir heterogeneity of a valley-fill deposit– A field guide to the Dakota Sandstone of the San Rafael Swell, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-07T22:11:57.699283","indexId":"sir20105222","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5222","title":"Sedimentology and reservoir heterogeneity of a valley-fill deposit– A field guide to the Dakota Sandstone of the San Rafael Swell, Utah","docAbstract":"Valley-fill deposits form a significant class of hydrocarbon reservoirs in many basins of the world. Maximizing recovery of fluids from these reservoirs requires an understanding of the scales of fluid-flow heterogeneity present within the valley-fill system.\r\n\r\nThe Upper Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone in the San Rafael Swell, Utah contains well exposed, relatively accessible outcrops that allow a unique view of the external geometry and internal complexity of a set of rocks interpreted to be deposits of an incised valley fill. These units can be traced on outcrop for tens of miles, and individual sandstone bodies are exposed in three dimensions because of modern erosion in side canyons in a semiarid setting and by exhumation of the overlying, easily erodible Mancos Shale.\r\n\r\nThe Dakota consists of two major units: (1) a lower amalgamated sandstone facies dominated by large-scale cross stratification with several individual sandstone bodies ranging in thickness from 8 to 28 feet, ranging in width from 115 to 150 feet, and having lengths as much as 5,000 feet, and (2) an upper facies composed of numerous mud-encased lenticular sandstones, dominated by ripple-scale lamination, in bedsets ranging in thickness from 5 to 12 feet. The lower facies is interpreted to be fluvial, probably of mainly braided stream origin that exhibits multiple incisions amalgamated into a complex sandstone body. The upper facies has lower energy, probably anastomosed channels encased within alluvial and coastal-plain floodplain sediments.\r\n\r\nThe Dakota valley-fill complex has multiple scales of heterogeneity that could affect fluid flow in similar oil and gas subsurface reservoirs. The largest scale heterogeneity is at the formation level, where the valley-fill complex is sealed within overlying and underlying units. Within the valley-fill complex, there are heterogeneities between individual sandstone bodies, and at the smallest scale, internal heterogeneities within the bodies themselves. These different scales of fluid-flow compartmentalization present a challenge to hydrocarbon exploration targeting paleovalley deposits, and producing fields containing these types of reservoirs may have significant bypassed pay, especially where well spacing is large.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105222","usgsCitation":"Kirschbaum, M.A., and Schenk, C.J., 2011, Sedimentology and reservoir heterogeneity of a valley-fill deposit– A field guide to the Dakota Sandstone of the San Rafael Swell, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5222, Report: v, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 17 inches x 11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105222.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 17 inches x 11 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14447,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5222/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"San Rafael Swell","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,38 ], [ -112,40 ], [ -110,40 ], [ -110,38 ], [ -112,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirschbaum, Mark A.","contributorId":25112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99011,"text":"gip119 - 2011 - Putting down roots in earthquake country: Your handbook for earthquakes in the Central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T18:47:35.735684","indexId":"gip119","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"119","title":"Putting down roots in earthquake country: Your handbook for earthquakes in the Central United States","docAbstract":"This handbook provides information to residents of the Central United States about the threat of earthquakes in that area, particularly along the New Madrid seismic zone, and explains how to prepare for, survive, and recover from such events. It explains the need for concern about earthquakes for those residents and describes what one can expect during and after an earthquake. Much is known about the threat of earthquakes in the Central United States, including where they are likely to occur and what can be done to reduce losses from future earthquakes, but not enough has been done to prepare for future earthquakes. The handbook describes such preparations that can be taken by individual residents before an earthquake to be safe and protect property.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central U.S. Earthquake Consortium (CUSEC), the Association of CUSEC State Geologists (Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee), the University of Memphis Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI), and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)","usgsCitation":"Contributors: Dart, R., McCarthy, J., McCallister, N., and Williams, R., 2011, Putting down roots in earthquake country: Your handbook for earthquakes in the Central United States: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 119, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip119.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"56","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_119.png"},{"id":14448,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":345728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/119/pdf/GIP119.pdf","text":"GIP 119","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":345729,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/119/pdf/GIP119_ScreenVersion.pdf","text":"GIP 119 (Screen Version)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404272,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94818.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-85.605165,34.984678],[-85.188741,32.889727],[-84.925427,32.221551],[-85.141831,31.839261],[-84.999626,31.009079],[-87.598928,30.997457],[-87.615367,30.837031],[-87.39643,30.617734],[-87.558097,30.274437],[-88.014572,30.222366],[-87.766626,30.262353],[-88.008396,30.684956],[-88.191542,30.317002],[-89.315067,30.375408],[-89.461275,30.174745],[-89.615856,30.223195],[-89.806182,30.567543],[-89.816429,31.002084],[-91.625118,30.999167],[-91.502783,31.595727],[-91.030706,32.114337],[-91.171046,32.176526],[-90.90072,32.330379],[-91.117308,32.495039],[-91.013723,32.598419],[-91.105704,32.590879],[-91.054481,32.722259],[-91.158336,32.822304],[-91.078904,32.951818],[-94.024475,33.019207],[-94.043375,33.542315],[-94.485577,33.65331],[-94.432015,35.367391],[-94.617814,36.577732],[-94.605734,39.122204],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-94.876344,39.806894],[-95.382957,40.027112],[-95.731179,40.525436],[-91.785916,40.611488],[-91.375746,40.391879],[-91.406202,40.542698],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-91.100829,41.230532],[-91.05158,41.385283],[-90.364128,41.579633],[-90.153362,41.915593],[-90.206369,42.1455],[-90.646727,42.471904],[-90.565441,42.5076],[-87.815872,42.49192],[-87.812461,42.232278],[-87.365439,41.629536],[-86.824828,41.76024],[-84.825196,41.75999],[-84.819985,39.149081],[-84.346039,39.036963],[-84.230427,38.827422],[-83.68552,38.63189],[-83.156926,38.620547],[-82.879492,38.751476],[-82.844306,38.590862],[-82.610458,38.471457],[-82.619429,38.169027],[-82.474635,37.905902],[-81.982479,37.541807],[-83.128813,36.757864],[-83.625013,36.625183],[-81.6469,36.611918],[-82.02664,36.130222],[-82.325169,36.119363],[-82.531292,35.972188],[-82.701065,36.034404],[-82.955751,35.809802],[-83.880074,35.518745],[-84.052612,35.269982],[-84.28252,35.227877],[-84.321869,34.988408],[-85.605165,34.984678]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alabama\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Contributors: Dart, Richard","contributorId":66828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contributors: Dart","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, Jill jmccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":2732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Jill","email":"jmccarthy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCallister, Natasha","contributorId":89268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallister","given":"Natasha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207958,"text":"70207958 - 2011 - Composition, stability, and measurement of reduced uranium phases for groundwater bioremediation at Old Rifle, CO","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T10:43:17","indexId":"70207958","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T10:34:01","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition, stability, and measurement of reduced uranium phases for groundwater bioremediation at Old Rifle, CO","docAbstract":"Reductive biostimulation is currently being explored as a possible remediation strategy for U-contaminated groundwater, and is being investigated at a field site in Rifle, CO, USA. The long-term stability of the resulting U(IV) phases is a key component of the overall performance of the remediation approach and depends upon a variety of factors, including rate and mechanism of reduction, mineral associations in the subsurface, and propensity for oxidation. To address these factors, several approaches were used to evaluate the redox sensitivity of U: (1) measurement of the rate of oxidative dissolution of biogenic uraninite (UO2(s)) deployed in groundwater at Rifle, (2) characterization of a zone of natural bioreduction exhibiting relevant reduced mineral phases, and (3) laboratory studies of the oxidative capacity of Fe(III) and reductive capacity of Fe(II) with regard to U(IV) and U(VI), respectively.
Wastewater treatment plants are often the most substantial contributor of trace organic compounds including pharmaceuticals, steroidal hormones, and surfactants to surface waters. Studying stream reaches below wastewater treatment plants provide valuable information on the environmental persistence of these compounds. Three methods for conducting field investigations to evaluate in-stream attenuation of trace organic compounds are presented: (1) using intrinsic tracers in wastewater, (2) environmental sampling coupled with dye studies to assess travel times between sample locations, and (3) Lagrangian sampling. Advantages and limitations of each method are discussed, along with key findings from several investigations.
This review summarises and evaluates the present knowledge on the behaviour, the biological effects and the routes of uptake of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to organisms, with considerations on the nanoparticle physicochemistry in the ecotoxicity testing systems used. Different types of Ag NP syntheses, characterisation techniques and predicted current and future concentrations in the environment are also outlined.
Rapid progress in this area has been made over the last few years, but there is still a critical lack of understanding of the need for characterisation and synthesis in environmental and ecotoxicological studies. Concentration and form of nanomaterials in the environment are difficult to quantify and methodological progress is needed, although sophisticated exposure models show that predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) for Ag NPs in different environmental compartments are at the range of ng L− 1 to mg kg− 1. The ecotoxicological literature shows that concentrations of Ag NPs below the current and future PECs, as low as just a few ng L− 1, can affect prokaryotes, invertebrates and fish indicating a significant potential, though poorly characterised, risk to the environment. Mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood although it seems clear that in some cases nanoscale specific properties may cause biouptake and toxicity over and above that caused by the dissolved Ag ion.
This review concludes with a set of recommendations for the advancement of understanding of the role of nanoscale silver in environmental and ecotoxicological research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.012","usgsCitation":"Fabrega, J., Luoma, S.N., Tyler, C.R., Galloway, T., and Lead, J.R., 2011, Silver nanoparticles: Behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment: Environment International, v. 37, no. 2, p. 517-531, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"531","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/08ab172fdda74272bc0d63b279b9f05b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":371410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrega, Julia","contributorId":221693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fabrega","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyler, Charles R.","contributorId":170025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galloway, Tamara","contributorId":221694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galloway","given":"Tamara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lead, Jamie R.","contributorId":41331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lead","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207955,"text":"70207955 - 2011 - Crude oil at the Bemidji Site: 25 years of monitoring, modeling, and understanding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T09:09:03","indexId":"70207955","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T09:07:18","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Crude oil at the Bemidji Site: 25 years of monitoring, modeling, and understanding","title":"Crude oil at the Bemidji Site: 25 years of monitoring, modeling, and understanding","docAbstract":"The fate of hydrocarbons in the subsurface near Bemidji, Minnesota, has been investigated by a multidisciplinary group of scientists for over a quarter century. Research at Bemidji has involved extensive investigations of multiphase flow and transport, volatilization, dissolution, geochemical interactions, microbial populations, and biodegradation with the goal of providing an improved understanding of the natural processes limiting the extent of hydrocarbon contamination. A considerable volume of oil remains in the subsurface today despite 30 years of natural attenuation and 5 years of pump‐and‐skim remediation. Studies at Bemidji were among the first to document the importance of anaerobic biodegradation processes for hydrocarbon removal and remediation by natural attenuation. Spatial variability of hydraulic properties was observed to influence subsurface oil and water flow, vapor diffusion, and the progression of biodegradation. Pore‐scale capillary pressure‐saturation hysteresis and the presence of fine‐grained sediments impeded oil flow, causing entrapment and relatively large residual oil saturations. Hydrocarbon attenuation and plume extent was a function of groundwater flow, compound‐specific volatilization, dissolution and biodegradation rates, and availability of electron acceptors. Simulation of hydrocarbon fate and transport affirmed concepts developed from field observations, and provided estimates of field‐scale reaction rates and hydrocarbon mass balance. Long‐term field studies at Bemidji have illustrated that the fate of hydrocarbons evolves with time, and a snap‐shot study of a hydrocarbon plume may not provide information that is of relevance to the long‐term behavior of the plume during natural attenuation.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es2007148","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Hsu-Kim, H., Ryan, J., and Alvarez, P., 2011, Guest comment: Nanoscale metal−organic matter interactions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 8, p. 3194-3195, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2007148.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3194","endPage":"3195","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":208828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsu-Kim, Heileen","contributorId":178880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsu-Kim","given":"Heileen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joe","contributorId":194254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alvarez, Pedro F.","contributorId":42517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Pedro F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207951,"text":"70207951 - 2011 - A tree-ring reconstruction of the salinity gradient in the northern estuary of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T08:32:43","indexId":"70207951","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T08:27:20","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tree-ring reconstruction of the salinity gradient in the northern estuary of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"The USGS Historical Quadrangle Scanning Project (HQSP) is scanning all scales and all editions of approximately 250,000 topographic maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since the inception of the topographic mapping program in 1884. This scanning will provide a comprehensive digital repository of USGS topographic maps, available to the public at no cost. This project serves the dual purpose of creating a master catalog and digital archive copies of the irreplaceable collection of topographic maps in the USGS Reston Map Library as well as making the maps available for viewing and downloading from the USGS Store and The National Map Viewer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113009","usgsCitation":"Davis, L.R., and Allord, G., 2011, Scanning and georeferencing historical USGS quadrangles (Version 1.0: Originally posted January 19, 2011; Version 2.0: May 18, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3009, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113009.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20113009.PNG"},{"id":14443,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":300471,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3009/pdf/fs2011-3009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"514 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted January 19, 2011; Version 2.0: May 18, 2015","publicComments":"Historical Topographic Map Collection","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdaee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Larry R. 0000-0003-2479-7432 lrdavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2479-7432","contributorId":4655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Larry","email":"lrdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allord, G.J.","contributorId":26665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allord","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9000567,"text":"sir20105176 - 2011 - Contributions of Phosphorus from Groundwater to Streams in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20105176","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5176","title":"Contributions of Phosphorus from Groundwater to Streams in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Eastern United States","docAbstract":"Phosphorus from natural and human sources is likely to be discharged from groundwater to streams in certain geochemical environments. Water-quality data collected from 1991 through 2007 in paired networks of groundwater and streams in different hydrogeologic and land-use settings of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces in the eastern United States were compiled and analyzed to evaluate the sources, fate, and transport of phosphorus. The median concentrations of phosphate in groundwater from the crystalline and siliciclastic bedrock settings (0.017 and 0.020 milligrams per liter, respectively) generally were greater than the median for the carbonate setting (less than 0.01 milligrams per liter). In contrast, the median concentrations of dissolved phosphate in stream base flow from the crystalline and siliciclastic bedrock settings (0.010 and 0.014 milligrams per liter, respectively) were less than the median concentration for base-flow samples from the carbonate setting (0.020 milligrams per liter). Concentrations of phosphorus in many of the stream base-flow and groundwater samples exceeded ecological criteria for streams in the region. Mineral dissolution was identified as the dominant source of phosphorus in the groundwater and stream base flow draining crystalline or siliciclastic bedrock in the study area. Low concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in groundwater from carbonate bedrock result from the precipitation of minerals and (or) from sorption to mineral surfaces along groundwater flow paths. Phosphorus concentrations are commonly elevated in stream base flow in areas underlain by carbonate bedrock, however, presumably derived from in-stream sources or from upland anthropogenic sources and transported along short, shallow groundwater flow paths. Dissolved phosphate concentrations in groundwater were correlated positively with concentrations of silica and sodium, and negatively with alkalinity and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, iron, and aluminum. These associations can result from the dissolution of alkali feldspars containing phosphorus; the precipitation of apatite; the precipitation of calcite, iron hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide with associated sorption of phosphate ions; and the potential for release of phosphate from iron-hydroxide and other iron minerals under reducing conditions. Anthropogenic sources of phosphate such as fertilizer and manure and processes such as biological uptake, evapotranspiration, and dilution also affect phosphorus concentrations. The phosphate concentrations in surface water were not correlated with the silica concentration, but were positively correlated with concentrations of major cations and anions, including chloride and nitrate, which could indicate anthropogenic sources and effects of evapotranspiration on surface-water quality. Mixing of older, mineralized groundwater with younger, less mineralized, but contaminated groundwater was identified as a critical factor affecting the quality of stream base flow. In-stream processing of nutrients by biological processes also likely increases the phosphorus concentration in surface waters. Potential geologic contributions of phosphorus to groundwater and streams may be an important watershed-management consideration in certain hydrogeologic and geochemical environments. Geochemical controls effectively limit phosphorus transport through groundwater to streams in areas underlain by carbonate rocks; however, in crystalline and siliciclastic settings, phosphorus from mineral or human sources may be effectively transported by groundwater and contribute a substantial fraction to base-flow stream loads.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105176","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Denver, J., Cravotta, C.A., Ator, S.W., and Lindsey, B., 2011, Contributions of Phosphorus from Groundwater to Streams in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5176, x, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105176.","productDescription":"x, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5176.png"},{"id":19191,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87,32 ], [ -87,44 ], [ -72,44 ], [ -72,32 ], [ -87,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68909b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denver, Judith M. jmdenver@usgs.gov","contributorId":780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"Judith M.","email":"jmdenver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9000566,"text":"sir20105253 - 2011 - Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20105253","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5253","title":"Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2007-08","docAbstract":"During 2007 and 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected quarterly depth-discrete measurements of fluid pressure and temperature in six boreholes located in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer of Idaho. Each borehole was instrumented with a multilevel monitoring system consisting of a series of valved measurement ports, packer bladders, casing segments, and couplers. Hydraulic heads (head) and water temperatures in boreholes were monitored at 86 hydraulically-isolated depth intervals located 448.0 to 1,377.6 feet below land surface. The calculation of head is most sensitive to fluid pressure and the altitude of the pressure transducer at each port coupling; it is least sensitive to barometric pressure and water temperature. An analysis of errors associated with the head calculation determined the accuracy of an individual head measurement at +/- 2.3 feet. Many of the sources of measurement error are diminished when considering the differences between two closely-spaced readings of head; therefore, a +/- 0.1 foot measurement accuracy was assumed for vertical head differences (and gradients) calculated between adjacent monitoring zones. Vertical head and temperature profiles were unique to each borehole, and were characteristic of the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. The vertical hydraulic gradients in each borehole remained relatively constant over time with minimum Pearson correlation coefficients between head profiles ranging from 0.72 at borehole USGS 103 to 1.00 at boreholes USGS 133 and MIDDLE 2051. Major inflections in the head profiles almost always coincided with low permeability sediment layers. The presence of a sediment layer, however, was insufficient for identifying the location of a major head change in a borehole. The vertical hydraulic gradients were defined for the major inflections in the head profiles and were as much as 2.2 feet per foot. Head gradients generally were downward in boreholes USGS 133, 134, and MIDDLE 2050A, zero in boreholes USGS 103 and 132, and exhibited a reversal in direction in borehole MIDDLE 2051. Water temperatures in all boreholes ranged from 10.2 to 16.3 degrees Celsius. Boreholes USGS 103 and 132 are in an area of concentrated volcanic vents and fissures, and measurements show water temperature decreasing with depth. All other measurements in boreholes show water temperature increasing with depth. A comparison among boreholes of the normalized mean head over time indicates a moderately positive correlation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105253","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Fisher, J.C., and Twining, B.V., 2011, Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5253, viii, 40 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105253.","productDescription":"viii, 40 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"62","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19190,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5253/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.75,43.333333333333336 ], [ -113.75,44.25 ], [ -112.25,44.25 ], [ -112.25,43.333333333333336 ], [ -113.75,43.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Jason C. 0000-0001-9032-8912 jfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-8912","contributorId":2523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jason","email":"jfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146314,"text":"70146314 - 2011 - Book review: Rogue waves in the ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T11:55:25","indexId":"70146314","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-19T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Rogue waves in the ocean","docAbstract":"Rogue Waves in the Ocean (2009) is a follow-on text to Extreme Ocean Waves (2008) edited by Pelinovsky and Kharif, both published by Springer. Unlike the earlier text, which is a compilation of papers on a variety of extreme waves that was the subject of a scientific conference in 2007, Rogues Waves in the Ocean is written, rather than edited, by Kharif, Pelinovsky, and Slunyaev and is focused on rogue waves in particular. The book consists of six chapters covering 216 pages. As the subject matter of each chapter is distinct, references appear at the end of each chapter rather than at the end of the book. The preface shows how each of the chapters relates to the larger study of rogue waves. The result is a book with a nice mix of eyewitness observations, physical theory, and statistics.
\nReview info: Rogue Waves in the Ocean. Advances in Geophysical and Environmental Mechanics and Mathematics. By Christian Kharif, Efim Pelinovsky and Alexey Slunyaev, 2009. ISBN: 978-3540884187, xiii, 216 pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"Birkhaüser Verlag","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.1007/s00024-010-0261-3","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., 2011, Book review: Rogue waves in the ocean: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 168, no. 10, p. 1891-1891, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0261-3.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1891","endPage":"1891","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026441","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0261-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5549e9b1e4b064e4207ca42c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}