To investigate rainfall-runoff conditions that generate post-wildfire debris flows, we instrumented and surveyed steep, small watersheds along the tectonically active front of the San Gabriel Mountains, California. Fortuitously, we recorded runoff-generated debris-flows triggered by one spatially restricted convective event with 28 mm of rainfall falling over 62 minutes. Our rain gages, nested hillslope overland-flow sensors and soil-moisture probes, as well as a time series of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) revealed the effects of the storm. Hillslope overland-flow response, along two ~10-m long flow lines perpendicular to and originating from a drainage divide, displayed only a 10 to 20 minute delay from the onset of rainfall with accumulated totals of merely 5-10 mm. Depth-stratified soil-moisture probes displayed a greater time delay, roughly 20- 30 minutes, indicating that initial overland flow was Hortonian. Furthermore, a downstream channel-monitoring array recorded a pronounced discharge peak generated by the passage of a debris flow after 18 minutes of rainfall. At this time, only four of the eleven hillslope overland flow sensors confirmed the presence of surface-water flow. Repeat TLS and detailed field mapping using GPS document how patterns of rainsplash, overland-flow scour, and rilling contributed to the generation of metter-scale debris flows. In response to a single small storm, the debris flows deposited irregular levees and lobate terminal snouts on hillslopes and caused wide- spread erosion of the valley axis with ground surface lowering exceeding 1.5 m.
","conferenceTitle":"5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment","conferenceDate":"June 14-17, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Padua, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Sapienza Università di Roma","doi":"10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-064","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, K., Hanshaw, M.N., Howle, J., Kean, J., Staley, D.M., Stock, J., and Bawdeng, W., 2011, Hydrologic conditions and terrestrial laser scanning of post-firedebris flows in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, U.S.A: Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment, p. 583-593, https://doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-064.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"593","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gabriel Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.3172607421875,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 34.53371242139564\n ],\n [\n -118.3172607421875,\n 34.53371242139564\n ],\n [\n -118.3172607421875,\n 34.116352469972746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":849861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanshaw, M. N. 0000-0001-9305-307X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-307X","contributorId":56462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howle, J. F. 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":66294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kean, J. W. 0000-0003-3089-0369","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":71679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stock, J. D. 0000-0001-8565-3577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-3577","contributorId":79998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bawdeng, W.","contributorId":295737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawdeng","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189371,"text":"70189371 - 2011 - Programming PHREEQC calculations with C++ and Python a comparative study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T09:43:21","indexId":"70189371","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Programming PHREEQC calculations with C++ and Python a comparative study","docAbstract":"The new IPhreeqc module provides an application programming interface (API) to facilitate coupling of other codes with the U.S. Geological Survey geochemical model PHREEQC. Traditionally, loose coupling of PHREEQC with other applications required methods to create PHREEQC input files, start external PHREEQC processes, and process PHREEQC output files. IPhreeqc eliminates most of this effort by providing direct access to PHREEQC capabilities through a component object model (COM), a library, or a dynamically linked library (DLL). Input and calculations can be specified through internally programmed strings, and all data exchange between an application and the module can occur in computer memory.
This study compares simulations programmed in C++ and Python that are tightly coupled with IPhreeqc modules to the traditional simulations that are loosely coupled to PHREEQC. The study compares performance, quantifies effort, and evaluates lines of code and the complexity of the design. The comparisons show that IPhreeqc offers a more powerful and simpler approach for incorporating PHREEQC calculations into transport models and other applications that need to perform PHREEQC calculations. The IPhreeqc module facilitates the design of coupled applications and significantly reduces run times. Even a moderate knowledge of one of the supported programming languages allows more efficient use of PHREEQC than the traditional loosely coupled approach.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings for MODFLOW and More 2011: Integrated Hydrologic Modeling ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2011: Integrated Hydrologic Modeling ","conferenceDate":"June 5-8, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Golden, Colorado","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Charlton, S.R., Parkhurst, D.L., and Muller, M., 2011, Programming PHREEQC calculations with C++ and Python a comparative study, in Proceedings for MODFLOW and More 2011: Integrated Hydrologic Modeling , Golden, Colorado, June 5-8, 2011, p. 632-636.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"632","endPage":"636","ipdsId":"IP-029725","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343618,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2011/muller_parkhurst_etal_2011.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673544e4b0d1f9f05dd7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charlton, Scott R. 0000-0001-7332-3394 charlton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3394","contributorId":1632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"Scott","email":"charlton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, Mike","contributorId":194513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006120,"text":"sir20115183 - 2011 - Selected approaches to estimate water-budget components of the High Plains, 1940 through 1949 and 2000 through 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20115183","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5183","title":"Selected approaches to estimate water-budget components of the High Plains, 1940 through 1949 and 2000 through 2009","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer, underlying almost 112 million acres in the central United States, is one of the largest aquifers in the Nation. It is the primary water supply for drinking water, irrigation, animal production, and industry in the region. Expansion of irrigated agriculture throughout the past 60 years has helped make the High Plains one of the most productive agricultural regions in the Nation. Extensive withdrawals of groundwater for irrigation have caused water-level declines in many parts of the aquifer and increased concerns about the long-term sustainability of the aquifer. Quantification of water-budget components is a prerequisite for effective water-resources management. Components analyzed as part of this study were precipitation, evapotranspiration, recharge, surface runoff, groundwater discharge to streams, groundwater fluxes to and from adjacent geologic units, irrigation, and groundwater in storage. These components were assessed for 1940 through 1949 (representing conditions prior to substantial groundwater development and referred to as \"pregroundwater development\" throughout this report) and 2000 through 2009. Because no single method can perfectly quantify the magnitude of any part of a water budget at a regional scale, results from several methods and previously published work were compiled and compared for this study when feasible. Results varied among the several methods applied, as indicated by the range of average annual volumes given for each component listed in the following paragraphs. Precipitation was derived from three sources: the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model, data developed using Next Generation Weather Radar and measured precipitation from weather stations by the Office of Hydrologic Development at the National Weather Service for the Sacramento-Soil Moisture Accounting model, and precipitation measured at weather stations and spatially distributed using an inverse-distance-weighted interpolation method. Precipitation estimates using these sources, as a 10-year average annual total volume for the High Plains, ranged from 192 to 199 million acre-feet (acre-ft) for 1940 through 1949 and from 185 to 199 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009. Evapotranspiration was obtained from three sources: the National Weather Service Sacramento-Soil Moisture Accounting model, the Simplified-Surface-Energy-Balance model using remotely sensed data, and the Soil-Water-Balance model. Average annual total evapotranspiration estimated using these sources was 148 million acre-ft for 1940 through 1949 and ranged from 154 to 193 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009. The maximum amount of shallow groundwater lost to evapotranspiration was approximated for areas where the water table was within 5 feet of land surface. The average annual total volume of evapotranspiration from shallow groundwater was 9.0 million acre-ft for 1940 through 1949 and ranged from 9.6 to 12.6 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009. Recharge was estimated using two soil-water-balance models as well as previously published studies for various locations across the High Plains region. Average annual total recharge ranged from 8.3 to 13.2 million acre-ft for 1940 through 1949 and from 15.9 to 35.0 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009. Surface runoff and groundwater discharge to streams were determined using discharge records from streamflow-gaging stations near the edges of the High Plains and the Base-Flow Index program. For 1940 through 1949, the average annual net surface runoff leaving the High Plains was 1.9 million acre-ft, and the net loss from the High Plains aquifer by groundwater discharge to streams was 3.1 million acre-ft. For 2000 through 2009, the average annual net surface runoff leaving the High Plains region was 1.3 million acre-ft and the net loss by groundwater discharge to streams was 3.9 million acre-ft. For 2000 through 2009, the average annual total estimated groundwater pumpage volume from two soil-water-balance models ranged from 8.7 to 16.2 million acre-ft. Average annual irrigation application rates for the High Plains ranged from 8.4 to 16.2 inches per year. The USGS Water-Use Program published estimated total annual pumpage from the High Plains aquifer for 2000 and 2005. Those volumes were greater than those estimated from the two soil-water-balance models. Total groundwater in storage in the High Plains aquifer was estimated as 3,173 million acre-ft prior to groundwater development and 2,907 million acre-ft in 2007. The average annual decrease of groundwater in storage between 2000 and 2007 was 10 million acre-ft per year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115183","usgsCitation":"Stanton, J.S., Qi, S.L., Ryter, D.W., Falk, S.E., Houston, N.A., Peterson, S.M., Westenbroek, S.M., and Christenson, S.C., 2011, Selected approaches to estimate water-budget components of the High Plains, 1940 through 1949 and 2000 through 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5183, viii, 68 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115183.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1940-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5183.jpg"},{"id":110976,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5183/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"High Plains Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,26 ], [ -111,45 ], [ -96,45 ], [ -96,26 ], [ -111,26 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, Sharon L. 0000-0001-7278-4498 slqi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4498","contributorId":1130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Sharon","email":"slqi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryter, Derek W. 0000-0002-2488-626X dryter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-626X","contributorId":3395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"Derek","email":"dryter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falk, Sarah E. sefalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falk","given":"Sarah","email":"sefalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Steven M. 0000-0002-9130-1284 speterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1284","contributorId":847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Steven","email":"speterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70006071,"text":"70006071 - 2011 - Microbial mineralization of dichloroethene and vinyl chloride under hypoxic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T08:35:43","indexId":"70006071","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial mineralization of dichloroethene and vinyl chloride under hypoxic conditions","docAbstract":"Mineralization of 14C-radiolabled vinyl chloride ([1,2-14C] VC) and cis-dichloroethene ([1,2-14C] cis-DCE) under hypoxic (initial dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations about 0.1 mg/L) and nominally anoxic (DO minimum detection limit = 0.01 mg/L) was examined in chloroethene-exposed sediments from two groundwater and two surface water sites. The results show significant VC and dichloroethene (DCE) mineralization under hypoxic conditions. All the sample treatments exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics for DCE and VC mineralization over an extended range of substrate concentrations. First-order rates for VC mineralization were approximately 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher in hypoxic groundwater sediment treatments and at least three times higher in hypoxic surface water sediment treatments than in the respective anoxic treatments. For VC, oxygen-linked processes accounted for 65 to 85% of mineralization at DO concentrations below 0.1 mg/L, and 14CO2 was the only degradation product observed in VC treatments under hypoxic conditions. Because the lower detection limit for DO concentrations measured in the field is typically 0.1 to 0.5 mg/L, these results indicate that oxygen-linked VC and DCE biodegradation can be significant under field conditions that appear anoxic. Furthermore, because rates of VC mineralization exceeded rates of DCE mineralization under hypoxic conditions, DCE accumulation without concomitant accumulation of VC may not be evidence of a DCE degradative “stall” in chloroethene plumes. Significantly, mineralization of VC above the level that could reasonably be attributed to residual DO contamination was also observed in several nominally anoxic (DO minimum detection limit = 0.01 mg/L) microcosm treatments.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01339.x","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2011, Microbial mineralization of dichloroethene and vinyl chloride under hypoxic conditions: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 31, no. 4, p. 39-49, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01339.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474885,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01339.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.12030029296875,\n 32.10584293285769\n ],\n [\n -80.80169677734375,\n 32.0383483283312\n ],\n [\n -81.10931396484374,\n 31.70713974681462\n ],\n [\n -81.13677978515625,\n 31.522361470421437\n ],\n [\n -81.26312255859375,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -81.2713623046875,\n 31.194007509998823\n ],\n [\n -81.38397216796875,\n 31.097629956393977\n ],\n [\n -81.375732421875,\n 30.91636380602182\n ],\n [\n -81.42791748046875,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n -81.40594482421875,\n 30.61191363386011\n ],\n [\n -81.727294921875,\n 30.704058230919504\n ],\n [\n -81.771240234375,\n 30.746556862773616\n ],\n [\n -81.66961669921875,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 31.84956532831343\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 32.045332838858506\n ],\n [\n -81.12030029296875,\n 32.10584293285769\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006070,"text":"70006070 - 2011 - Reinterpreting the importance of oxygen-based biodegradation in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T08:20:19","indexId":"70006070","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reinterpreting the importance of oxygen-based biodegradation in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"Chlororespiration is common in shallow aquifer systems under conditions nominally identified as anoxic. Consequently, chlororespiration is a key component of remediation at many chloroethene-contaminated sites. In some instances, limited accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products is interpreted as evidence that natural attenuation is not adequate for site remediation. This conclusion is justified when evidence for parent compound (tetrachloroethene, PCE, or trichloroethene, TCE) degradation is lacking. For many chloroethene-contaminated shallow aquifer systems, however, nonconservative losses of the parent compounds are clear but the mass balance between parent compound attenuation and accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products is incomplete. Incomplete mass balance indicates a failure to account for important contaminant attenuation mechanisms and is consistent with contaminant degradation to nondiagnostic mineralization products like CO2. While anoxic mineralization of chloroethene compounds has been proposed previously, recent results suggest that oxygen-based mineralization of chloroethenes also can be significant at dissolved oxygen concentrations below the currently accepted field standard for nominally anoxic conditions. Thus, reassessment of the role and potential importance of low concentrations of oxygen in chloroethene biodegradation are needed, because mischaracterization of operant biodegradation processes can lead to expensive and ineffective remedial actions. A modified interpretive framework is provided for assessing the potential for chloroethene biodegradation under different redox conditions and the probable role of oxygen in chloroethene biodegradation.","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01344.x","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., 2011, Reinterpreting the importance of oxygen-based biodegradation in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 31, no. 4, p. 50-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01344.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006068,"text":"pp1737B - 2011 - Hydrogeologic settings and groundwater-flow simulations for regional investigations of the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants to public-supply wells—Investigations begun in 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T09:13:34","indexId":"pp1737B","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1737","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic settings and groundwater-flow simulations for regional investigations of the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants to public-supply wells—Investigations begun in 2004","docAbstract":"A study of the Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants to public-supply wells (TANC study) was begun in 2001 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The study was designed to shed light on factors that affect the vulnerability of groundwater and, more specifically, water from public-supply wells to contamination to provide a context for the NAWQA Program's earlier finding of mixtures of contaminants at low concentrations in groundwater near the water table in urban areas across the Nation. The TANC study has included investigations at both the regional (tens to thousands of square kilometers) and local (generally less than 25 square kilometers) scales. At the regional scale, the approach to investigation involves refining conceptual models of groundwater flow in hydrologically distinct settings and then constructing or updating a groundwater-flow model with particle tracking for each setting to help quantify regional water budgets, public-supply well contributing areas (areas contributing recharge to wells and zones of contribution for wells), and traveltimes from recharge areas to selected wells. A great deal of information about each contributing area is captured from the model output, including values for 170 variables that describe physical and (or) geochemical characteristics of the contributing areas. The information is subsequently stored in a relational database. Retrospective water-quality data from monitoring, domestic, and many of the public-supply wells, as well as data from newly collected samples at selected public-supply wells, also are stored in the database and are used with the model output to help discern the more important factors affecting vulnerability in many, if not most, settings. The study began with investigations in seven regional areas, and it benefits from being conducted as part of the NAWQA Program, in which consistent methods are used so that meaningful comparisons can be made. The hydrogeologic settings and regional-scale groundwater-flow models from the initial seven regional areas are documented in Chapter A of this U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. Also documented in Chapter A are the methods used to collect and compile the water-quality data, determine contributing areas of the public-supply wells, and characterize the oxidation-reduction (redox) conditions in each setting. A data dictionary for the database that was designed to enable joint storage and access to water-quality data and groundwater-flow model particle-tracking output is included as Appendix 1 of Chapter A. This chapter, Chapter B, documents modifications to the study methods and presents descriptions of two regional areas that were added to the TANC study in 2004.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1737B","usgsCitation":"Eberts, S., 2011, Hydrogeologic settings and groundwater-flow simulations for regional investigations of the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants to public-supply wells—Investigations begun in 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1737, vii; Section 1: iii, 6 p.; Section 2: vi, 61 p.; Section 3: v, 51p.; Appendix; PDF Downloads of Sections 1-3; PDF Download of Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1737B.","productDescription":"vii; Section 1: iii, 6 p.; Section 2: vi, 61 p.; Section 3: v, 51p.; Appendix; PDF Downloads of Sections 1-3; PDF Download of Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"A-8","numberOfPages":"152","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-11-29","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1737_B.gif"},{"id":110932,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2011/1737b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":326385,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2011/1737b/pdf/pp1737B-111711.pdf","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4776e4b07f02db47e513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006064,"text":"sir20115191 - 2011 - Seepage investigations of the Clackamas River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115191","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5191","title":"Seepage investigations of the Clackamas River, Oregon","docAbstract":"Analysis of streamflow measurements and continuous records of streamflow provided insight into interaction of the groundwater system with the Clackamas River in northwestern Oregon. This report assesses gains and losses of the Clackamas River based on streamflow measurements made during previous hydrologic studies, decades of continuous streamflow data, and a detailed suite of streamflow measurements made in September 2006. Gains and losses were considered significant if, after accounting for tributary inflows and withdrawals, the difference in streamflow from a measurement site to the next site downstream exceeded the streamflow measurement uncertainty. Streamflow measurements made in 1987, 1992, and 1998 indicated minor gains and losses. Comparison of continuous records of late summer streamflow of the Clackamas River at Estacada to sites at Clackamas and Oregon City indicated gains in some years, and no losses. Analysis of streamflow measurements of the Clackamas River from Estacada to Oregon City during low-flow conditions in September 2006 enabled an estimation of gains and losses on a reach-by-reach scale; these gains and losses were attributable to the geomorphic setting. During late summer, most groundwater discharge occurs upstream of Estacada, and groundwater contributions to streamflow downstream of Estacada are minor.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Clackamas River Water Providers and Clackamas County Water Environment Services?","usgsCitation":"Lee, K.K., 2011, Seepage investigations of the Clackamas River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5191, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115191.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5191.jpg"},{"id":110928,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"State Plane, Zone 5076","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Clackamas River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,45 ], [ -123,45.5 ], [ -121.5,45.5 ], [ -121.5,45 ], [ -123,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Karl K.","contributorId":41050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005558,"text":"70005558 - 2011 - Role of back diffusion and biodegradation reactions in sustaining an MTBE/TBA plume in alluvial media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:25:36","indexId":"70005558","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of back diffusion and biodegradation reactions in sustaining an MTBE/TBA plume in alluvial media","docAbstract":"A methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) / tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) plume originating from a gasoline spill in late 1994 at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) persisted for over 15 years within 200 feet of the original spill source. The plume persisted until 2010 despite excavation of the tanks and piping within months after the spill and excavations of additional contaminated sediments from the source area in 2007 and 2008. The probable history of MTBE concentrations along the plume centerline at its source was estimated using a wide variety of available information, including published details about the original spill, excavations and monitoring by VAFB consultants, and our own research data. Two-dimensional reactive transport simulations of MTBE along the plume centerline were conducted for a 20-year period following the spill. These analyses suggest that MTBE diffused from the thin anaerobic aquifer into the adjacent anaerobic silts and transformed to TBA in both aquifer and silt layers. The model reproduces the observation that after 2004 TBA was the dominant solute, diffusing back out of the silts into the aquifer and sustaining plume concentrations much longer than would have been the case in the absence of such diffusive exchange. Simulations also suggest that aerobic degradation of MTBE or TBA at the water table in the overlying silt layer significantly affected concentrations of MTBE and TBA by limiting the chemical mass available for back diffusion to the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.08.006","usgsCitation":"Rasa, E., Chapman, S.W., Bekins, B.A., Fogg, G., Scow, K.M., and Mackay, D.M., 2011, Role of back diffusion and biodegradation reactions in sustaining an MTBE/TBA plume in alluvial media: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 235-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.08.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3267905","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Vandenberg Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.68206787109375,\n 34.6241677899049\n ],\n [\n -120.40740966796875,\n 34.6241677899049\n ],\n [\n -120.40740966796875,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -120.68206787109375,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -120.68206787109375,\n 34.6241677899049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasa, Ehsan","contributorId":20461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasa","given":"Ehsan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Steven W.","contributorId":35867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scow, Kate M.","contributorId":100519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scow","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mackay, Douglas M.","contributorId":22081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackay","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70006010,"text":"70006010 - 2011 - Occurrence of antibiotic resistance and characterization of resistant genes and integrons in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from integrated fish farms south China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T18:31:00.477796","indexId":"70006010","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2259,"text":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of antibiotic resistance and characterization of resistant genes and integrons in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from integrated fish farms south China","docAbstract":"Antibiotics are still widely applied in animal husbandry to prevent diseases and used as feed additives to promote animal growth. This could result in antibiotic resistance to bacteria and antibiotic residues in animals. In this paper, Enterobacteriaceae isolated from four integrated fish farms in Zhongshan, South China were tested for antibiotic resistance, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, and class 1 integrons. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were carried out to test antibiotic susceptibility and resistance genes, respectively. Relatively high antibiotic resistance frequencies were found, especially for ampicillin (80%), tetracycline (52%), and trimethoprim (50%). Out of 203 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 98.5% were resistant to one or more antibiotics tested. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was found highest in animal manures with a MAR index of 0.56. Tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(C)) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2) were detected in more than 50% of the isolates. The intI1gene was found in 170 isolates (83.7%). Both classic and non-classic class 1 integrons were found. Four genes, aadA5, aadA22, dfr2, and dfrA17, were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report for molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from integrated fish farms in China and the first time that gene cassette arraydfrA17-aadA5 has been detected in such fish farms. Results of this study indicated that fish farms may be a reservoir of highly diverse and abundant antibiotic resistant genes and gene cassettes. Integrons may play a key role in multiple antibiotic resistances posing potential health risks to the general public and aquaculture.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es200744f","usgsCitation":"Novak, P., Arnold, W., Blazer, V., Halden, R., Klaper, R., Kolpin, D., Kriebel, D., Love, N., Martinovic-Weigelt, D., Patisaul, H., Snyder, S., vom Saal, F.S., and Weisbrod, A., 2011, On the need for a national (US) research program to elucidate the potential risks to human health and the environment posed by contaminants of emerging concern: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 9, p. 3829-3830, https://doi.org/10.1021/es200744f.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3829","endPage":"3830","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691b46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novak, P.J.","contributorId":62737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novak","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, William A.","contributorId":31105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"William A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halden, R.U.","contributorId":101802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halden","given":"R.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klaper, R.D.","contributorId":72114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaper","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kriebel, D.","contributorId":104207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kriebel","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Love, N.G.","contributorId":93617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Martinovic-Weigelt, D.","contributorId":68875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinovic-Weigelt","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Patisaul, H.B.","contributorId":11323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patisaul","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Snyder, S.A.","contributorId":50647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"vom Saal, F. S.","contributorId":107025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"vom Saal","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Weisbrod, A.V.","contributorId":43907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisbrod","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70004384,"text":"70004384 - 2011 - Measurement and modeling of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T17:44:46.61134","indexId":"70004384","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"21","title":"Measurement and modeling of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"The unsaturated zone plays an extremely important hydrologic role that influences water quality and quantity, ecosystem function and health, the connection between atmospheric and terrestrial processes, nutrient cycling, soil development, and natural hazards such as flooding and landslides. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is one of the main properties considered to govern flow; however it is very difficult to measure accurately. Knowledge of the highly nonlinear relationship between unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) and volumetric water content () is required for widely-used models of water flow and solute transport processes in the unsaturated zone. Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of sediments is costly and time consuming, therefore use of models that estimate this property from more easily measured bulk-physical properties is common. In hydrologic studies, calculations based on property-transfer models informed by hydraulic property databases are often used in lieu of measured data from the site of interest. Reliance on database-informed predicted values with the use of neural networks has become increasingly common. Hydraulic properties predicted using databases may be adequate in some applications, but not others.
\nThis chapter will discuss, by way of examples, various techniques used to measure and model hydraulic conductivity as a function of water content, K(). The parameters that describe the K() curve obtained by different methods are used directly in Richards’ equation-based numerical models, which have some degree of sensitivity to those parameters. This chapter will explore the complications of using laboratory measured or estimated properties for field scale investigations to shed light on how adequately the processes are represented. Additionally, some more recent concepts for representing unsaturated-zone flow processes will be discussed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic conductivity - Issues, determination and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"InTech","doi":"10.5772/20017","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., 2011, Measurement and modeling of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, chap. 21 of Hydraulic conductivity - Issues, determination and applications, p. 419-434, https://doi.org/10.5772/20017.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"434","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/20017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5631f1f6e4b0c1dd0339e4ea","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Elango, Lakshmanan","contributorId":147284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elango","given":"Lakshmanan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578594,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kim S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":44097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006045,"text":"ofr20111252 - 2011 - Denitrification rates in marsh soils and hydrologic and water quality data for Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:15","indexId":"ofr20111252","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1252","title":"Denitrification rates in marsh soils and hydrologic and water quality data for Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine","docAbstract":"Nutrient enrichment from atmospheric deposition, agricultural activities, wildlife, and domestic sources is a concern at Acadia National Park because of the potential problem of water-quality degradation and eutrophication in estuaries. Water-quality degradation has been observed at the park's Bass Harbor Marsh estuary but minimal degradation is observed in Northeast Creek estuary. Previous studies at Acadia National Park have estimated nutrient inputs to estuaries from atmospheric deposition and surface-water runoff, and have identified shallow groundwater as an additional potential nutrient source. Previous studies at Acadia National Park have assumed that a certain fraction of the nitrogen input was removed through microbial denitrification, but rates of denitrification (natural or maximum potential) in marsh soils have not been determined. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Acadia National Park, measured in situ denitrification rates in marsh soils in Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds during the summer seasons of 2008 and 2009. Denitrification was measured under ambient conditions and following inorganic nitrogen and glucose additions. Laboratory incubations of marsh soils with and without acetylene were conducted to determine average ratios of nitrous oxide (N2O) to nitrogen (N2) produced during denitrification. Surface water and groundwater samples were analyzed for nutrients, specific conductance, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Water level was recorded continuously during the growing season in Fresh Meadow Marsh in the Northeast Creek Watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111252","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Culbertson, C.W., and Duff, J.H., 2011, Denitrification rates in marsh soils and hydrologic and water quality data for Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1252, viii, 28 p.; Tables 4-27 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111252.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p.; Tables 4-27 Download","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1252.gif"},{"id":110897,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Acadia National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -68.43333333333334,44.21666666666667 ], [ -68.43333333333334,44.45 ], [ -68.13333333333334,44.45 ], [ -68.13333333333334,44.21666666666667 ], [ -68.43333333333334,44.21666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006048,"text":"ofr20111240 - 2011 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Hunton anticline, south-central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T14:00:18.776932","indexId":"ofr20111240","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1240","title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Hunton anticline, south-central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This report is a digital data release for multiple geophysical surveys conducted in the Hunton anticline area of south-central Oklahoma. The helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic surveys were flown on March 16–17, 2007, in four areas of the Hunton anticline in south-central Oklahoma. The objective of this project is to improve the understanding of the geohydrologic framework of the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. The electromagnetic sensor for the helicopter electromagnetic survey consisted of six different transmitter-receiver orientations that measured the earth's electrical response at six distinct frequencies from approximately 500 Hertz to approximately 115,000 Hertz. The electromagnetic measurements were converted to electrical resistivity values, which were gridded and plotted on georeferenced maps. The map from each frequency represents a different depth of investigation for each area. The range of subsurface investigation is comparable to the depth of shallow groundwater. The four areas selected for the helicopter electromagnetic study, blocks A–D, have different geologic and hydrologic settings. Geophysical and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey studies are being used by modelers and resource managers to develop groundwater resource plans for the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the State of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Smith, D.V., Deszcz-Pan, M., Blome, C.D., and Hill, P., 2011, Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Hunton anticline, south-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1240, v, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111240.","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1240.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Hunton anticline, Arbuckle-Aimpson aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3031e4b0c8380cd5d43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maryla","contributorId":87639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maryla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, Patricia","contributorId":65160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003740,"text":"70003740 - 2011 - Response to comments on \"A bacterium that can grow using arsenic instead of phosphorus\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:37:36","indexId":"70003740","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to comments on \"A bacterium that can grow using arsenic instead of phosphorus\"","docAbstract":"Concerns have been raised about our recent study suggesting that arsenic (As) substitutes for phosphorus in major biomolecules of a bacterium that tolerates extreme As concentrations. We welcome the opportunity to better explain our methods and results and to consider alternative interpretations. We maintain that our interpretation of As substitution, based on multiple congruent lines of evidence, is viable.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1202098","usgsCitation":"Wolfe-Simon, F., Blum, J.S., Kulp, T., Gordon, G.W., Hoeft, S.E., Pett-Ridge, J., Stolz, J.F., Webb, S.M., Weber, P.K., Davies, P.C., Anbar, A.D., and Oremland, R.S., 2011, Response to comments on \"A bacterium that can grow using arsenic instead of phosphorus\": Science, v. 332, no. 6034, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1202098.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1149","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1021547","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"332","issue":"6034","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4780e4b07f02db482319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe-Simon, Felisa","contributorId":91750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe-Simon","given":"Felisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, Jodi Switzer","contributorId":96946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"Switzer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulp, Thomas R.","contributorId":58364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gordon, Gwyneth W.","contributorId":94165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Gwyneth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoeft, Shelley E.","contributorId":54077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"Shelley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pett-Ridge, Jennifer","contributorId":6726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pett-Ridge","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stolz, John F.","contributorId":47225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Webb, Samuel M.","contributorId":62088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weber, Peter K.","contributorId":28868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Davies, Paul C.W.","contributorId":63686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Anbar, Ariel D.","contributorId":88222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anbar","given":"Ariel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70003808,"text":"70003808 - 2011 - Response of lake chemistry to changes in atmospheric deposition and climate in three high-elevation wilderness areas of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T15:34:08.847572","indexId":"70003808","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of lake chemistry to changes in atmospheric deposition and climate in three high-elevation wilderness areas of Colorado","docAbstract":"Trends in precipitation chemistry and hydrologic and climatic data were examined as drivers of long-term changes in the chemical composition of high-elevation lakes in three wilderness areas in Colorado during 1985–2008. Sulfate concentrations in precipitation decreased at a rate of −0.15 to −0.55 μeq/l/year at 10 high-elevation National Atmospheric Deposition Program stations in the state during 1987–2008 reflecting regional reductions in SO2 emissions. In lakes where sulfate is primarily derived from atmospheric inputs, sulfate concentrations also decreased although the rates generally were less, ranging from −0.12 to −0.27 μeq/l/year. The similarity in timing and sulfur isotopic data support the hypothesis that decreases in atmospheric deposition are driving the response of high-elevation lakes in some areas of the state. By contrast, in lakes where sulfate is derived primarily from watershed weathering sources, sulfate concentrations showed sharp increases during 1985–2008. Analysis of long-term climate records indicates that annual air temperatures have increased between 0.45 and 0.93°C per decade throughout most mountainous areas of Colorado, suggesting climate as a factor. Isotopic data reveal that sulfate in these lakes is largely derived from pyrite, which may indicate climate warming is preferentially affecting the rate of pyrite weathering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9443-4","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., Turk, J.T., Clow, D.W., and Campbell, D.D., 2011, Response of lake chemistry to changes in atmospheric deposition and climate in three high-elevation wilderness areas of Colorado: Biogeochemistry, v. 103, no. 1-3, p. 27-43, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9443-4.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"43","temporalStart":"1985-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area, Weminuche Wilderness Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5396728515625,\n 40.51797520038851\n ],\n [\n -106.28173828125,\n 40.51797520038851\n ],\n [\n -106.28173828125,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -107.5396728515625,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -107.5396728515625,\n 40.51797520038851\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.65502929687499,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -107.017822265625,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -107.017822265625,\n 40.13269100586688\n ],\n [\n -107.65502929687499,\n 40.13269100586688\n ],\n [\n -107.65502929687499,\n 39.740986355883564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.8472900390625,\n 37.29153547292737\n ],\n [\n -106.8310546875,\n 37.29153547292737\n ],\n [\n -106.8310546875,\n 37.83148014503288\n ],\n [\n -107.8472900390625,\n 37.83148014503288\n ],\n [\n -107.8472900390625,\n 37.29153547292737\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62836b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, Donald D.","contributorId":23021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005467,"text":"70005467 - 2011 - Relating nutrient and herbicide fate with landscape features and characteristics of 15 subwatersheds in the Choptank River watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T16:44:25.341427","indexId":"70005467","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating nutrient and herbicide fate with landscape features and characteristics of 15 subwatersheds in the Choptank River watershed","docAbstract":"Excess nutrients and agrochemicals from non-point sources contribute to water quality impairment in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and their loading rates are related to land use, agricultural practices, hydrology, and pollutant fate and transport processes. In this study, monthly baseflow stream samples from 15 agricultural subwatersheds of the Choptank River in Maryland USA (2005 to 2007) were characterized for nutrients, herbicides, and herbicide transformation products. High-resolution digital maps of land use and forested wetlands were derived from remote sensing imagery. Examination of landscape metrics and water quality data, partitioned according to hydrogeomorphic class, provided insight into the fate, delivery, and transport mechanisms associated with agricultural pollutants. Mean Nitrate-N concentrations (4.9 mg/L) were correlated positively with percent agriculture (R2 = 0.56) and negatively with percent forest (R2 = 0.60). Concentrations were greater (p = 0.0001) in the well-drained upland (WDU) hydrogeomorphic region than in poorly drained upland (PDU), reflecting increased denitrification and reduced agricultural land use intensity in the PDU landscape due to the prevalence of hydric soils. Atrazine and metolachlor concentrations (mean 0.29 μg/L and 0.19 μg/L) were also greater (p = 0.0001) in WDU subwatersheds than in PDU subwatersheds. Springtime herbicide concentrations exhibited a strong, positive correlation (R2 = 0.90) with percent forest in the WDU subwatersheds but not in the PDU subwatersheds. In addition, forested riparian stream buffers in the WDU were more prevalent than in the PDU where forested patches are typically not located near streams, suggesting an alternative delivery mechanism whereby volatilized herbicides are captured by the riparian forest canopy and subsequently washed off during rainfall. Orthophosphate, CIAT (6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), CEAT (6-chloro-N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), and MESA (2-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)amino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid) were also analyzed. These findings will assist efforts in targeting implementation of conservation practices to the most environmentally-critical areas within watersheds to achieve water quality improvements in a cost-effective manner.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.024","usgsCitation":"Hively, W., Hapeman, C.J., McConnell, L.L., Fisher, T.R., Rice, C.P., McCarty, G.W., Sadeghi, A.M., Whitall, D.R., Downey, P.M., de Guzman, G.T., Bialek-Kalinski, K., Lang, M., Gustafson, A.B., Sutton, A.J., Sefton, K.A., and Harman Fetcho, J.A., 2011, Relating nutrient and herbicide fate with landscape features and characteristics of 15 subwatersheds in the Choptank River watershed: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 19, p. 3866-3878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.024.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3866","endPage":"3878","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Choptank River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.1407470703125,\n 38.646908247760706\n ],\n [\n -75.58868408203125,\n 38.646908247760706\n ],\n [\n -75.58868408203125,\n 39.29392267616436\n ],\n [\n -76.1407470703125,\n 39.29392267616436\n ],\n [\n -76.1407470703125,\n 38.646908247760706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"409","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c35e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hively, W. Dean 0000-0002-5383-8064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-8064","contributorId":9391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapeman, Cathleen J.","contributorId":63154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapeman","given":"Cathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConnell, Laura L.","contributorId":106437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Thomas R.","contributorId":40721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Clifford P.","contributorId":56594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":78861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sadeghi, Ali M.","contributorId":50645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadeghi","given":"Ali","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Whitall, David R.","contributorId":24908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Downey, Peter M.","contributorId":48694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downey","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino","contributorId":54723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Guzman","given":"Gabriela","email":"","middleInitial":"T. Nino","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bialek-Kalinski, Krystyna","contributorId":12613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bialek-Kalinski","given":"Krystyna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lang, Megan W.","contributorId":58014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"Megan W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gustafson, Anne B.","contributorId":36279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sutton, Adrienne J.","contributorId":98872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Adrienne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sefton, Kerry A.","contributorId":86097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sefton","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Harman Fetcho, Jennifer A.","contributorId":51444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harman Fetcho","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70006002,"text":"cir1348 - 2011 - Integrating science and resource management in Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"cir1348","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1348","title":"Integrating science and resource management in Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Tampa Bay is recognized internationally for its remarkable progress towards recovery since it was pronounced \"dead\" in the late 1970s. Due to significant efforts by local governments, industries and private citizens throughout the watershed, water clarity in Tampa Bay is now equal to what it was in 1950, when population in the watershed was less than one-quarter of what it is today. Seagrass extent has increased by more than 8,000 acres since the mid-1980s, and fish and wildlife populations are increasing. Central to this successful turn-around has been the Tampa Bay resource management community's long-term commitment to development and implementation of strong science-based management strategies. Research institutions and agencies, including Eckerd College, the Florida Wildlife Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Mote Marine Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Southwest Florida Water Management District, University of South Florida, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey, local and State governments, and private companies contribute significantly to the scientific basis of our understanding of Tampa Bay's structure and ecological function. Resource management agencies, including the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council's Agency on Bay Management, the Southwest Florida Water Management District's Surface Water Improvement and Management Program, and the Tampa Bay Estuary Program, depend upon this scientific basis to develop and implement regional adaptive management programs. The importance of integrating science with management has become fully recognized by scientists and managers throughout the region, State and Nation. Scientific studies conducted in Tampa Bay over the past 10–15 years are increasingly diverse and complex, and resource management programs reflect our increased knowledge of geology, hydrology and hydrodynamics, ecology and restoration techniques. However, a synthesis of this research and its integration into resource management has not been prepared for Tampa Bay since the mid-1980s. The need for an up-to-date synthesis of Tampa Bay science and management has resulted in the production of this document. The U.S. Geological Survey recently completed a 5-year Tampa Bay Integrated Science Study, and the Tampa Bay Estuary Program updated the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan for Tampa Bay in 2006. These efforts build upon results of the many research and management studies and programs summarized here.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1348","collaboration":"Prepared in partnership with the Tampa Bay Estuary Program","usgsCitation":"Yates, K.K., Greening, H., and Morrison, G., 2011, Integrating science and resource management in Tampa Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1348, xviii, 280 p.; PDF Download of Report Cover; PDF Download of Front Matter; PDF Downloads of Chapters 1-8; PDF Download of Highlight Boxes, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1348.","productDescription":"xviii, 280 p.; PDF Download of Report Cover; PDF Download of Front Matter; PDF Downloads of Chapters 1-8; PDF Download of Highlight Boxes","startPage":"i","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"298","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1348.jpg"},{"id":110867,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1348/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,27 ], [ -84,29 ], [ -82,29 ], [ -82,27 ], [ -84,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, Kimberly K. 0000-0001-8764-0358 kyates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-0358","contributorId":420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","email":"kyates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greening, Holly","contributorId":64299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greening","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, Gerold","contributorId":58150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Gerold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005981,"text":"sir20115159 - 2011 - Groundwater budgets for Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys, Mohave County, Arizona, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:05","indexId":"sir20115159","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5159","title":"Groundwater budgets for Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys, Mohave County, Arizona, 2007-08","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources, initiated an investigation of the hydrogeology and water resources of Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys in northwestern Arizona in 2005, and this report is part of that investigation. Water budgets were developed for Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys to provide a generalized understanding of the groundwater systems in this rural area that has shown some evidence of human-induced water-level declines. The valleys are within the Basin and Range physiographic province and consist of thick sequences of permeable alluvial sediment deposited into basins bounded by relatively less permeable igneous and metamorphic rocks. Long-term natural recharge rates (1940-2008) for the alluvial aquifers were estimated to be 1,400 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) for Detrital Valley, 5,700 acre-ft/yr for Hualapai Valley, and 6,000 acre-ft/yr for Sacramento Valley. Natural discharge rates were assumed to be equal to natural recharge rates, on the basis of the assumption that all groundwater withdrawals to date have obtained water from groundwater storage. Groundwater withdrawals (2007-08) for the alluvial aquifers were less than 300 acre-ft/yr for Detrital Valley, about 9,800 acre-ft/yr for Hualapai Valley, and about 4,500 acre-ft/yr for Sacramento Valley. Incidental recharge from leaking water-supply pipes, septic systems, and wastewater-treatment plants accounted for about 35 percent of total recharge (2007-08) across the study area. Natural recharge and discharge values in this study were 24-50 percent higher than values in most previously published studies. Water budgets present a spatially and temporally \"lumped\" view of water resources and incorporate many sources of uncertainty in this study area where only limited data presently are available.\nFigures 9, 10, and 11 from this report present water budgets for Detritial, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys in Northwestern Arizona. These figures show average values for each water-budget component. Uncertainty is discussed but not shown on these report figures. As an aid to readers, these figures have been implemented as interactive, web-based figures here. Water-budget parameters can be varied within reasonable bounds of uncertainty and the effects those changes have on the water budget will be shown as they are varied. This can aid in understanding sensitivity-which parameters most or least affect the water budgets-and also could provide a generally improved sense of the hydrologic cycle represented in these water budgets.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115159","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Garner, B.D., and Truini, M., 2011, Groundwater budgets for Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys, Mohave County, Arizona, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5159, viii, 34 p.; Interactive Water-Budget Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115159.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.; Interactive Water-Budget Figures","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5159.gif"},{"id":110842,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Arizona","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659c87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garner, Bradley D. 0000-0002-6912-5093 bdgarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5093","contributorId":2133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"Bradley","email":"bdgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005940,"text":"sir20115146 - 2011 - Hydrogeology, chemical characteristics, and water sources and pathways in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:18:56","indexId":"sir20115146","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5146","title":"Hydrogeology, chemical characteristics, and water sources and pathways in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas","docAbstract":"In 2001, the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a series of studies on the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells (PSWs). The main goal of the TANC project was to better understand the source, transport, and receptor factors that control contaminant movement to PSWs in representative aquifers of the United States. Regional- and local-scale study areas were selected from within existing NAWQA study units, including the south-central Texas Edwards aquifer. The local-scale TANC study area, nested within the regional-scale NAWQA study area, is representative of the regional Edwards aquifer. The PSW selected for study is within a well field of six production wells. Although a single PSW was initially selected, because of constraints of well-field operation, samples were collected from different wells within the well field for different components of the study. Data collected from all of the well-field wells were considered comparable because of similar well construction, hydrogeology, and geochemistry. An additional 38 PSWs (mostly completed in the confined part of the aquifer) were sampled throughout the regional aquifer to characterize water quality. Two monitoring well clusters, with wells completed at different depths, were installed to the east and west of the well field (the Zarzamora and Timberhill monitoring well clusters, respectively). One of the monitoring wells was completed in the overburden to evaluate potential hydrologic connectivity with the Edwards aquifer. Geophysical and flowmeter logs were collected from one of the well-field PSWs to determine zones of contribution to the wellbore. These contributing zones, associated with different hydrogeologic units, were used to select monitoring well completion depths and groundwater sample collection depths for depth-dependent sampling. Depth-dependent samples were collected from the PSW from three different depths and under three different pumping conditions. Additionally, selected monitoring wells and one of the well-field PSWs were sampled several times in response to a rainfall and recharge event to assess short-term (event-scale) temporal variations in water quality. For comparison purposes, groundwater samples were categorized as being from regional aquifer PSWs, from the well field (wellhead samples), from the monitoring wells (excluding the overburden well), from the overburden well, from the PSW depth-dependent sampling, and from temporal sampling. Groundwater samples were analyzed for inorganic, organic, isotopic, and age-dating tracers to characterize geochemical conditions in the aquifer and provide understanding of the mechanisms of mobilization and movement of selected constituents from source areas to a PSW. Sources, tracers, and conditions used to assess water quality and processes affecting the PSW and the aquifer system included (1) carbonate host rock composition; (2) physicochemical constituents; (3) major and trace element concentrations; (4) saturation indices with respect to minerals in aquifer rocks; (5) elemental ratios, such as magnesium to calcium ratios, that are indicative of water-rock interaction processes; (6) oxidation-reduction conditions; (7) nutrient concentrations, in particular nitrate concentrations; (8) the isotopic composition of nitrate, which can point to specific nitrate sources; (9) strontium isotopes; (10) stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen; (11) organic contaminant concentrations, including pesticides and volatile organic compounds; (12) age tracers, apparent-age distribution, and dissolved gas data used in age interpretations; (13) depth-dependent water chemistry collected from the PSW under different pumping conditions to assess zones of contribution; and (14) temporal variability in groundwater composition from the PSW and selected monitoring wells in response to an aquifer recharge event. Geochemical results indicate that the well-field and monitoring well samples were largely representative of groundwater in the regional confined aquifer. Constituents of concern in the Edwards aquifer for the long-term sustainability of the groundwater resource include the nutrient nitrate and anthropogenic organic contaminants. Nitrate concentrations (as nitrogen) for regional aquifer PSWs had a median value of 1.9 milligrams per liter, which is similar to previously reported values for the regional aquifer. Nitrate-isotope compositions for groundwater samples collected from the well-field PSWs and monitoring wells had a narrow range, with values indicative of natural soil organic values. A comparison with historical nitrate-isotope values, however, suggests that a component of nitrate in groundwater from biogenic sources might have increased over the last 30 years. Several organic contaminants (the pesticide atrazine, its degradate deethylatrazine, trichloromethane (chloroform; a drinking-water disinfection byproduct), and the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE)) were widely distributed throughout the regional aquifer and in the local-scale TANC study area at low concentrations (less than 1 microgram per liter). Higher concentrations of PCE were detected in samples from the well-field PSWs and Zarzamora monitoring wells relative to the regional aquifer PSWs. The urban environment is a likely source of contaminants to the aquifer, and these results indicate that one or more local urban sources might be supplying PCE to the Zarzamora monitoring wells and the well-field wells. Samples from the well field also had high concentrations of chloroform relative to the monitoring wells and regional aquifer PSWs. For samples from the regional aquifer PSWs, the most frequently detected organic contaminants generally decreased in concentration with increasing well depth. Deeper wells might intercept longer regional flow paths with higher fractions of older water or water recharged in rural recharge areas in the western part of the aquifer that have been less affected by anthropogenic contaminants. A scenario of hypothetical contaminant loading was evaluated by using results from groundwater-flow-model particle tracking to assess the response of the aquifer to potential contamination. Results indicate that the aquifer responds quickly (less than 1 year to several years) to contaminant loading; however, it takes a relatively long time (decades) for concentrations to reach peak values. The aquifer also responds quickly (less than 1 year to several years) to the removal of contaminant loading; however, it also takes a relatively long time (decades) to reach near background concentrations. Interpretation of geochemical age tracers in this well-mixed karst system was complicated by contamination of a majority of measured tracers and complexities of extensive mixing. Age-tracer results generally indicated that groundwater samples were composed of young, recently recharged water with piston-flow model ages ranging from less than 1 to 41 years, with a median of 17 years. Although a piston-flow model is typically not valid for karst aquifers, the model ages provide a basis for comparing relative ages of different samples and a reference point for more complex hydrogeologic models for apparent-age interpretations. Young groundwater ages are consistent with particle-tracking results from hydrogeologic modeling for the local-scale TANC study area. Age-tracer results compared poorly with other geochemical indicators of groundwater residence time and anthropogenic effects on water quality, indicating that hydrogeologic conceptual models used in groundwater age interpretations might not adequately account for mixing in this karst system. Groundwater samples collected from the well field under a variety of pumping conditions were relatively homogeneous and well mixed for numerous geochemical constituents (with the notable exception of age tracers). Groundwater contributions to the PSW were dominated by well-mixed, relatively homogeneous groundwater, typical of the regional confined aquifer. Zones of preferential flow were determined for the PSW, but groundwater samples from different stratigraphic units were not geochemically distinct. Variations in chemical constituents in response to a rainfall and aquifer recharge event occurred but were relatively minor in the PSW and monitoring wells. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that the response to individual recharge events in the confined aquifer, unless intersecting conduit flow paths, might be attenuated by mixing processes along regional flow paths. Results of this study are consistent with the existing conceptual understanding of aquifer processes in this karst system and are useful for water-resource development and management practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115146","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Musgrove, M., Fahlquist, L., Stanton, G.P., Houston, N.A., and Lindgren, R.J., 2011, Hydrogeology, chemical characteristics, and water sources and pathways in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5146, xii, 90 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115146.","productDescription":"xii, 90 p.; Tables","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5146.png"},{"id":101793,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5146/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101,28.75 ], [ -101,30.75 ], [ -97.25,30.75 ], [ -97.25,28.75 ], [ -101,28.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61492f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fahlquist, Lynne","contributorId":8810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"Lynne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005002,"text":"70005002 - 2011 - Quantifying differences in the impact of variable chemistry on equilibrium uranium(VI) adsorption properties of aquifer sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:58:03","indexId":"70005002","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying differences in the impact of variable chemistry on equilibrium uranium(VI) adsorption properties of aquifer sediments","docAbstract":"Uranium adsorption-desorption on sediment samples collected from the Hanford 300-Area, Richland, WA varied extensively over a range of field-relevant chemical conditions, complicating assessment of possible differences in equilibrium adsorption properties. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 500-1000 h although dissolved uranium concentrations increased over thousands of hours owing to changes in aqueous chemical composition driven by sediment-water reactions. A nonelectrostatic surface complexation reaction, >SOH + UO22+ + 2CO32- = >SOUO2(CO3HCO3)2-, provided the best fit to experimental data for each sediment sample resulting in a range of conditional equilibrium constants (logKc) from 21.49 to 21.76. Potential differences in uranium adsorption properties could be assessed in plots based on the generalized mass-action expressions yielding linear trends displaced vertically by differences in logKc values. Using this approach, logKc values for seven sediment samples were not significantly different. However, a significant difference in adsorption properties between one sediment sample and the fines (<0.063 mm) of another could be demonstrated despite the fines requiring a different reaction stoichiometry. Estimates of logKc uncertainty were improved by capturing all data points within experimental errors. The mass-action expression plots demonstrate that applying models outside the range of conditions used in model calibration greatly increases potential errors.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es202677v","usgsCitation":"Stoliker, D., Kent, D.B., and Zachara, J.M., 2011, Quantifying differences in the impact of variable chemistry on equilibrium uranium(VI) adsorption properties of aquifer sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 20, p. 8733-8740, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202677v.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8733","endPage":"8740","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es202677v","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Benton County","city":"Richland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-119.4525,46.6777],[-119.4572,46.6727],[-119.4487,46.6662],[-119.4461,46.6643],[-119.4428,46.662],[-119.4376,46.6597],[-119.4297,46.6578],[-119.4224,46.6573],[-119.4152,46.6535],[-119.4068,46.6402],[-119.4102,46.6338],[-119.4123,46.6283],[-119.4085,46.6195],[-119.4059,46.6149],[-119.402,46.6108],[-119.3948,46.6071],[-119.3896,46.6001],[-119.3805,46.5936],[-119.372,46.5849],[-119.355,46.5751],[-119.3491,46.5723],[-119.3426,46.5695],[-119.3341,46.5653],[-119.3243,46.5597],[-119.3191,46.5546],[-119.3139,46.5491],[-119.3107,46.5444],[-119.3041,46.5393],[-119.2924,46.5333],[-119.2858,46.5305],[-119.2767,46.5258],[-119.2715,46.5198],[-119.267,46.5143],[-119.2632,46.5051],[-119.2614,46.4973],[-119.2602,46.4904],[-119.2623,46.4821],[-119.2612,46.472],[-119.2613,46.467],[-119.2655,46.4533],[-119.2631,46.4409],[-119.2612,46.4367],[-119.2607,46.4294],[-119.2628,46.4189],[-119.2656,46.4111],[-119.2671,46.4024],[-119.2672,46.3992],[-119.2661,46.3864],[-119.2722,46.3773],[-119.2697,46.3704],[-119.2665,46.3639],[-119.2614,46.3538],[-119.2608,46.3515],[-119.2564,46.3419],[-119.2539,46.3336],[-119.2514,46.3262],[-119.249,46.3143],[-119.2524,46.3093],[-119.2558,46.3038],[-119.2598,46.2988],[-119.2625,46.2943],[-119.2679,46.2865],[-119.2687,46.282],[-119.2681,46.2792],[-119.2642,46.2737],[-119.261,46.2704],[-119.2545,46.2685],[-119.2459,46.2671],[-119.2356,46.2601],[-119.2239,46.2508],[-119.2155,46.2425],[-119.209,46.2383],[-119.1946,46.2345],[-119.1776,46.2312],[-119.1593,46.2278],[-119.1429,46.2276],[-119.1324,46.2248],[-119.1186,46.2228],[-119.099,46.218],[-119.0899,46.2152],[-119.0768,46.2109],[-119.0476,46.1955],[-119.0405,46.1922],[-119.0313,46.1889],[-119.0288,46.1866],[-119.0243,46.181],[-119.0205,46.176],[-119.0133,46.1718],[-119.0094,46.1699],[-119.0069,46.1671],[-119.0043,46.1648],[-118.9985,46.1579],[-118.9934,46.1532],[-118.9857,46.1467],[-118.9766,46.1393],[-118.9716,46.1319],[-118.9711,46.125],[-118.968,46.1168],[-118.9559,46.1015],[-118.9489,46.0927],[-118.9464,46.0858],[-118.9433,46.078],[-118.9429,46.067],[-118.943,46.0615],[-118.9445,46.0542],[-118.946,46.0478],[-118.9468,46.0414],[-118.9431,46.0299],[-118.9458,46.0272],[-118.9478,46.0254],[-118.9564,46.0228],[-118.9643,46.0192],[-118.9684,46.0151],[-118.9756,46.012],[-118.983,46.007],[-118.9857,46.0036],[-118.9904,45.9982],[-118.9964,45.9923],[-119.0038,45.9846],[-119.0111,45.9787],[-119.0224,45.9729],[-119.0284,45.9679],[-119.0376,45.9646],[-119.0481,45.9622],[-119.0587,45.9589],[-119.0692,45.9556],[-119.0771,45.9524],[-119.0857,45.9489],[-119.095,45.9448],[-119.1022,45.9422],[-119.1082,45.9395],[-119.1233,45.9358],[-119.1358,45.9338],[-119.1495,45.9326],[-119.1614,45.9304],[-119.1699,45.9291],[-119.1778,45.9283],[-119.185,45.9265],[-119.1974,45.9273],[-119.2157,45.9305],[-119.2332,45.935],[-119.2482,45.9384],[-119.26,45.9394],[-119.2662,45.9392],[-119.2711,45.9392],[-119.2783,45.9388],[-119.2908,45.9376],[-119.2986,45.9372],[-119.3019,45.9377],[-119.3124,45.9364],[-119.3203,45.9349],[-119.3249,45.9333],[-119.3334,45.9304],[-119.3459,45.9273],[-119.363,45.9254],[-119.3708,45.9241],[-119.3826,45.9228],[-119.3964,45.9215],[-119.4043,45.92],[-119.4128,45.9194],[-119.42,45.9181],[-119.4324,45.9189],[-119.4344,45.9191],[-119.4422,45.9192],[-119.4501,45.9188],[-119.4599,45.917],[-119.4711,45.9148],[-119.4855,45.9103],[-119.4954,45.9072],[-119.5013,45.9063],[-119.5059,45.9054],[-119.5124,45.9055],[-119.5261,45.9072],[-119.5385,45.9116],[-119.5528,45.9179],[-119.5631,45.9225],[-119.5645,45.923],[-119.571,45.9247],[-119.5747,45.9252],[-119.5775,45.9256],[-119.586,45.9243],[-119.5978,45.9212],[-119.607,45.9183],[-119.6103,45.9167],[-119.6163,45.912],[-119.6236,45.9056],[-119.6289,45.9003],[-119.6322,45.8965],[-119.6388,45.8885],[-119.6442,45.8812],[-119.6481,45.8774],[-119.6514,45.8737],[-119.6574,45.8676],[-119.6581,45.867],[-119.664,45.8626],[-119.6699,45.859],[-119.6765,45.8572],[-119.6869,45.8577],[-119.6935,45.8573],[-119.7013,45.8569],[-119.7079,45.8564],[-119.7105,45.8563],[-119.7183,45.8563],[-119.7255,45.8573],[-119.7353,45.8555],[-119.7451,45.8533],[-119.7602,45.8506],[-119.7713,45.8499],[-119.7824,45.8509],[-119.7916,45.8514],[-119.7922,45.8514],[-119.7994,45.851],[-119.8138,45.849],[-119.8301,45.848],[-119.8452,45.8448],[-119.8688,45.8376],[-119.8679,45.8676],[-119.8677,45.9536],[-119.8662,46.0388],[-119.8641,46.1276],[-119.8659,46.215],[-119.8737,46.2155],[-119.8735,46.3067],[-119.8744,46.5638],[-119.877,46.5638],[-119.8764,46.628],[-119.8599,46.6261],[-119.8553,46.6256],[-119.848,46.6251],[-119.8401,46.625],[-119.8308,46.6255],[-119.8229,46.6268],[-119.8116,46.629],[-119.8017,46.6313],[-119.7884,46.6335],[-119.7633,46.6357],[-119.752,46.637],[-119.7447,46.6392],[-119.7341,46.6433],[-119.7235,46.646],[-119.7096,46.6487],[-119.7036,46.6496],[-119.6996,46.65],[-119.6877,46.6504],[-119.6824,46.649],[-119.6765,46.6466],[-119.6699,46.6443],[-119.6607,46.6406],[-119.6382,46.6427],[-119.6256,46.6459],[-119.617,46.6504],[-119.603,46.6572],[-119.5863,46.6672],[-119.5796,46.6745],[-119.5722,46.6795],[-119.5628,46.6886],[-119.5541,46.6949],[-119.5501,46.6986],[-119.5468,46.7018],[-119.5421,46.7063],[-119.538,46.7099],[-119.536,46.7127],[-119.5313,46.7163],[-119.5273,46.7213],[-119.5206,46.7259],[-119.512,46.7263],[-119.5047,46.7244],[-119.4962,46.7202],[-119.4909,46.7169],[-119.485,46.7128],[-119.4818,46.7091],[-119.4759,46.7049],[-119.4733,46.7026],[-119.4687,46.698],[-119.4654,46.6957],[-119.4602,46.6938],[-119.4563,46.6905],[-119.4536,46.6887],[-119.451,46.6859],[-119.4484,46.6827],[-119.4525,46.6777]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Benton\",\"state\":\"WA\"}}]}","volume":"45","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64db72","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/es202677v","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es202677v","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Stoliker Deborah L., Kent Douglas B., Zachara John M.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"10/15/2011","auditedOn":"3/4/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"9/16/2011"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoliker, Deborah L. dlstoliker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoliker","given":"Deborah L.","email":"dlstoliker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Douglas B. 0000-0003-3758-8322 dbkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-8322","contributorId":1871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Douglas","email":"dbkent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zachara, John M.","contributorId":7421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003642,"text":"70003642 - 2011 - Projected evolution of California's San Francisco Bay-Delta-River System in a century of continuing climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T12:45:36","indexId":"70003642","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected evolution of California's San Francisco Bay-Delta-River System in a century of continuing climate change","docAbstract":"Background Accumulating evidence shows that the planet is warming as a response to human emissions of greenhouse gases. Strategies of adaptation to climate change will require quantitative projections of how altered regional patterns of temperature, precipitation and sea level could cascade to provoke local impacts such as modified water supplies, increasing risks of coastal flooding, and growing challenges to sustainability of native species. Methodology/Principal Findings We linked a series of models to investigate responses of California's San Francisco Estuary-Watershed (SFEW) system to two contrasting scenarios of climate change. Model outputs for scenarios of fast and moderate warming are presented as 2010–2099 projections of nine indicators of changing climate, hydrology and habitat quality. Trends of these indicators measure rates of: increasing air and water temperatures, salinity and sea level; decreasing precipitation, runoff, snowmelt contribution to runoff, and suspended sediment concentrations; and increasing frequency of extreme environmental conditions such as water temperatures and sea level beyond the ranges of historical observations. Conclusions/Significance Most of these environmental indicators change substantially over the 21st century, and many would present challenges to natural and managed systems. Adaptations to these changes will require flexible planning to cope with growing risks to humans and the challenges of meeting demands for fresh water and sustaining native biota. Programs of ecosystem rehabilitation and biodiversity conservation in coastal landscapes will be most likely to meet their objectives if they are designed from considerations that include: (1) an integrated perspective that river-estuary systems are influenced by effects of climate change operating on both watersheds and oceans; (2) varying sensitivity among environmental indicators to the uncertainty of future climates; (3) inevitability of biological community changes as responses to cumulative effects of climate change and other drivers of habitat transformations; and (4) anticipation and adaptation to the growing probability of ecosystem regime shifts.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0024465","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Knowles, N., Brown, L.R., Cayan, D., Dettinger, M., Morgan, T., Schoellhamer, D., Stacey, M., van der Wegen, M., Wagner, R.W., and Jassby, A.D., 2011, Projected evolution of California's San Francisco Bay-Delta-River System in a century of continuing climate change: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 9, Article e24465; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024465.","productDescription":"Article e24465; 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024465","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary-watershed","volume":"6","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d95e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel","contributorId":17752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":31743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morgan, Tara L. 0000-0001-5632-5232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":29124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Tara L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":13367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"van der Wegen, Mick","contributorId":76455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Wegen","given":"Mick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wagner, R. Wayne","contributorId":40339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70003693,"text":"70003693 - 2011 - Preface: Multiscale feedbacks in ecogeomorphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T12:19:32","indexId":"70003693","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface: Multiscale feedbacks in ecogeomorphology","docAbstract":"Geomorphic systems are known to exhibit nonlinear responses to physical–biological feedbacks (Thornes, 1985; Baas, 2002; Reinhardt et al., 2010). These responses make understanding and/or predicting system response to change highly challenging. With growing concerns over ecosystem health, a pressing need exists for research that tries to elucidate these feedbacks (Jerolmack, 2008; Darby, 2010; National Research Council, 2010). A session was convened at the Fall 2008 meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) to provide an outlet for some of this truly interdisciplinary and original research, which is central to understanding geomorphic and ecological dynamics. The session attracted over 39 contributions, which were divided into two well-attended oral sessions and a very busy poster session. This special issue presents new research from the AGU session, which highlights clear physical–biological feedbacks. The aim is to bring together contrasting perspectives on biological and geomorphic feedbacks in a diversity of physiographic settings, ranging from wetlands and estuaries, through rivers, to uplands. These papers highlight biological and physical feedbacks which involve the modulation or amplification of geomorphic processes. These papers will be of interest to a core geomorphology audience, and should also draw attention from the fields of ecohydraulics, hydroecology, ecohydrology, ecomorphology, biogeochemistry and biogeography, and biogeomorphology as well as the more traditional fields of hydrology, ecology and biology. In this preface to the special issue, we a) review past contributions to the emerging field of ecogeomorphology and related disciplines, b) provide some context for how this topical special issue came to fruition, and c) summarize the contributions to this special issue.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.01.002","usgsCitation":"Wheaton, J.M., Gibbins, C., Wainwright, J., Larsen, L., and McElroy, B., 2011, Preface: Multiscale feedbacks in ecogeomorphology: Geomorphology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 265-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.01.002.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheaton, Joseph M.","contributorId":29126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheaton","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbins, Chris","contributorId":18501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbins","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wainwright, John","contributorId":6578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wainwright","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larsen, Laurel G. lglarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Laurel G.","email":"lglarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McElroy, Brandon 0000-0002-9683-4282","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-4282","contributorId":90453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElroy","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005868,"text":"sir20115192 - 2011 - Pharmaceutical compounds in Merrimack River water used for public supply, Lowell, Massachusetts, 2008-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20115192","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5192","title":"Pharmaceutical compounds in Merrimack River water used for public supply, Lowell, Massachusetts, 2008-09","docAbstract":"This report presents results of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, to determine the occurrence of 14 commonly used human-health pharmaceutical compounds and fecal-indicator bacteria in Merrimack River water used as a drinking-water source by 135,000 residents in eastern Massachusetts. The study was designed to complement the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program's Source Water-Quality Assessment, which identifies patterns of occurrence of 280 primarily unregulated organic wastewater contaminants in source water used by community water systems and determines whether these patterns also occur in treated drinking water prior to distribution. The study involved periodic collection and analysis of raw Merrimack River water and treated drinking water over the course of 1 year. Water samples were collected periodically without regard to flow regime or antecedent weather conditions at the Lowell Regional Water Utility's Merrimack River intake upstream from Lowell, Mass. The same parcel of water was then sampled as finished water following treatment. Despite the presence of many potential sources of contamination in the drinking-water source area, only 2 of the 14 pharmaceutical analytes were detected at reportable concentrations in the source-water samples, and these occurred in only one set of periodic samples. Acetaminophen, a nonprescription analgesic, and caffeine were detected in the September source-water samples at concentrations of 0.084 and 0.068 micrograms per liter, respectively. Three other compounds-carbamazepine, an antiepileptic; cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine; and diphenhydramine, a nonprescription antihistamine-were detected in source-water samples, but at concentrations too low to be reliably quantified. None of the 14 pharmaceuticals was found in the finished water at a reportable concentration, defined as two times the long-term detection limit used by the analytical laboratory. In addition to the pharmaceutical analyses, measurements of fecal-indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli) concentrations and several physical characteristics were made on all source-water samples. Values for these constituents were consistently within State standards. It is possible that the monthly sampling schedule missed hydrologic events that would have transported greater concentrations of sewage contaminants to the sampling site, or that the large flow volume of the river at the study site effectively diluted the contaminant signal, but it is also likely that recent efforts to separate stormwater- and wastewater-discharge systems in the reaches upstream from the Lowell Regional Water Utility have greatly reduced the potential for sewage contamination at the intake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Massey, A.J., and Waldron, M.C., 2011, Pharmaceutical compounds in Merrimack River water used for public supply, Lowell, Massachusetts, 2008-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5192, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115192.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5192.gif"},{"id":94619,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73,42 ], [ -73,44.5 ], [ -70,44.5 ], [ -70,42 ], [ -73,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69bbb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Massey, Andrew J. 0000-0003-3995-8657 ajmassey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-8657","contributorId":1862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Andrew","email":"ajmassey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005871,"text":"ofr20111290 - 2011 - Conservation Effects Assessment Project-Wetlands assessment in California's Central Valley and Upper Klamath River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:50:17","indexId":"ofr20111290","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-02T18:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1290","title":"Conservation Effects Assessment Project-Wetlands assessment in California's Central Valley and Upper Klamath River Basin","docAbstract":"Executive Summary-Ecosystem Services Derived from Wetlands Reserve Program Conservation Practices in California's Central Valley and Oregon's Upper Klamath River Basin. The Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) is one of several programs implemented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Since the WRP's inception in 1990, it has resulted in the restoration of approximately 29,000 hectares in California's Central Valley (CCV) and roughly 12,300 hectares in Oregon's Upper Klamath River Basin (UKRB). Both the CCV and UKRB are agricultural dominated landscapes that have experienced extensive wetland losses and hydrological alteration. Restored habitats in the CCV and UKRB are thought to provide a variety of ecosystem services, but little is known about the actual benefits afforded. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) California Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit in collaboration with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service surveyed 70 WRP sites and 12 National Wildlife Refuge sites in the CCV, and 11 sites in the UKRB to estimate ecosystem services provided. In the CCV, sites were selected along three primary gradients; (1) restoration age, (2) management intensity, and (3) latitude (climate). Sites in the UKRB were assessed along restoration age and management intensity gradients where possible. The management intensity gradient included information about the type and frequency of conservation practices applied at each site, which was then ranked into three categories that differentiated sites primarily along a hydrological gradient. Information collected was used to estimate the following ecosystem services: Soil and vegetation nutrient content, soil loss reduction, floodwater storage as well as avian, amphibian, fish, and pollinator use and habitat availability. Prior to this study, very little was known about WRP habitat morphology in the CCV and UKRB. Therefore in this study, we described these habitats and related them to ecosystem services provided. Our results indicate that although WRP in the CCV and UKRB provide a number of benefits, there may be management mediated trade-offs among ecosystem services. In this report, we considered ecosystem services at the site-specific scale; however, future work will extend to include effects of WRP relative to surrounding cropland.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111290","usgsCitation":"2011, Conservation Effects Assessment Project-Wetlands assessment in California's Central Valley and Upper Klamath River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1290, vi, 115 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111290.","productDescription":"vi, 115 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"134","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030781","costCenters":[{"id":150,"text":"California Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1290.png"},{"id":94612,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,35 ], [ -123,41 ], [ -119,41 ], [ -119,35 ], [ -123,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699dfb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Duffy, Walter G. wgd7001@usgs.gov","contributorId":66750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Walter","email":"wgd7001@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508292,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahara, Sharon N.","contributorId":35577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahara","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508291,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Records, Rosemary M.","contributorId":111772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Records","given":"Rosemary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508293,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148715,"text":"70148715 - 2011 - Refuge habitats for fishes during seasonal drying in an intermittent stream: movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T09:21:49","indexId":"70148715","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refuge habitats for fishes during seasonal drying in an intermittent stream: movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species","docAbstract":"Drought and summer drying can be important disturbance events in many small streams leading to intermittent or isolated habitats. We examined what habitats act as refuges for fishes during summer drying, hypothesizing that pools would act as refuge habitats. We predicted that during drying fish would show directional movement into pools from riffle habitats, survival rates would be greater in pools than in riffles, and fish abundance would increase in pool habitats. We examined movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species, bigeye shiner (Notropis boops), highland stoneroller (Campostoma spadiceum) and creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), during seasonal stream drying in an Ozark stream using a closed robust multi-strata mark-recapture sampling. Population parameters were estimated using plausible models within program MARK, where a priori models are ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion. Creek chub showed directional movement into pools and increased survival and abundance in pools during drying. Highland stonerollers showed strong directional movement into pools and abundance increased in pools during drying, but survival rates were not significantly greater in pools than riffles. Bigeye shiners showed high movement rates during drying, but the movement was non-directional, and survival rates were greater in riffles than pools. Therefore, creek chub supported our hypothesis and pools appear to act as refuge habitats for this species, whereas highland stonerollers partly supported the hypothesis and bigeye shiners did not support the pool refuge hypothesis. Refuge habitats during drying are species dependent. An urgent need exists to further understand refuge habitats in streams given projected changes in climate and continued alteration of hydrological regimes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Birkhauser","publisherLocation":"Boston","doi":"10.1007/s00027-011-0206-7","collaboration":"Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit","usgsCitation":"Hodges, S., and Magoulick, D.D., 2011, Refuge habitats for fishes during seasonal drying in an intermittent stream: movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species: Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 4, p. 513-522, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-011-0206-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"522","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025585","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558931d6e4b0b6d21dd61c10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodges, S.W.","contributorId":98563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoulick, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9665-5957 danmag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-5957","contributorId":2513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"Daniel","email":"danmag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}