{"pageNumber":"1784","pageRowStart":"44575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184652,"records":[{"id":70036899,"text":"70036899 - 2011 - The timing of tertiary metamorphism and deformation in the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036899","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The timing of tertiary metamorphism and deformation in the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"The Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex of southern Idaho and northern Utah exposes 2.56-Ga orthogneisses and Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks that were intruded by 32-25-Ma granitic plutons. Pluton emplacement was contemporaneous with peak metamorphism, ductile thinning of the country rocks, and top-to-thewest, normal-sense shear along the Middle Mountain shear zone. Monazite and zircon from an attenuated stratigraphic section in the Middle Mountain were dated with U-Pb, using a SHRIMP-RG (reverse geometry) ion microprobe. Zircons from the deformed Archean gneiss preserve a crystallization age of 2532 ?? 33 Ma, while monazites range from 32.6 ?? 0.6 to 27.1 ?? 0.6 Ma. In the schist of the Upper Narrows, detrital zircons lack metamorphic overgrowths, and monazites produced discordant U-Pb ages that range from 52.8 ?? 0.6 to 37.5 ?? 0.3 Ma. From the structurally and stratigraphically highest unit sampled, the schist of Stevens Spring, narrow metamorphic rims on detrital zircons yield ages from 140-110 Ma, and monazite grains contained cores that yield an age of 141 ??2 Ma, whereas rims and some whole grains ranged from 35.5 ?? 0.5 to 30.0 ?? 0.4 Ma. A boudinaged pegmatite exposed in Basin Creek is deformed by the Middle Mountains shear zone and yields a monazite age of 27.6 ?? 0.2 Ma. We interpret these data to indicate two periods of monazite and metamorphic zircon growth: a poorly preserved Early Cretaceous period (???140 Ma) that is strongly overprinted by Oligocene metamorphism (???32-27 Ma) related to regional plutonism and extension. ?? 2011 by The University of Chicago.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/658294","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Strickland, A., Miller, E.L., and Wooden, J.L., 2011, The timing of tertiary metamorphism and deformation in the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, Utah and Idaho: Journal of Geology, v. 119, no. 2, p. 185-206, https://doi.org/10.1086/658294.","startPage":"185","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217832,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/658294"}],"volume":"119","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb102e4b08c986b3251c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strickland, A.","contributorId":31217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, E. L.","contributorId":75583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032303,"text":"70032303 - 2011 - Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (Canis sp.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70032303","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (Canis sp.)","docAbstract":"Minnesota wolves (Canis sp.) sometimes are reported to have affinity to a small, narrow-skulled eastern form (Canis lupus lycaon Schreber, 1775) and sometimes to a larger, broader western form (Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823). We found that pre-1950 Minnesota wolf skulls were similar in size to those of wolves from southeastern Ontario and smaller than those of western wolves. However, Minnesota wolf skulls during 1970-1976 showed a shift to the larger, western form. Although Minnesota skull measurements after 1976 were unavailable, rostral ratios from 1969 through 1999 were consistent with hybridization between the smaller eastern wolf and the western form. Our findings help resolve the different taxonomic interpretations of Minnesota skull morphology and are consistent with molecular evidence of recent hybridization or intergradation of the two forms of wolves in Minnesota. Together these data indicate that eastern- and western-type wolves historically mixed and hybridized in Minnesota and continue to do so. Our findings are relevant to a recent government proposal to delist wolves from the endangered species list in Minnesota and surrounding states.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z11-097","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., Nowak, R.M., and Weisberg, S., 2011, Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (Canis sp.): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 89, no. 12, p. 1188-1194, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z11-097.","startPage":"1188","endPage":"1194","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215073,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z11-097"},{"id":242843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbedee4b08c986b329820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, R. M.","contributorId":51870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weisberg, S.","contributorId":99775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036838,"text":"70036838 - 2011 - Does small-perimeter fencing inhibit mule deer or pronghorn use of water developments?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T19:04:51.190749","indexId":"70036838","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does small-perimeter fencing inhibit mule deer or pronghorn use of water developments?","docAbstract":"<p>Wildlife water development can be an important habitat management strategy in western North America for many species, including both pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). In many areas, water developments are fenced (often with small-perimeter fencing) to exclude domestic livestock and feral horses. Small-perimeter exclosures could limit wild ungulate use of fenced water sources, as exclosures present a barrier pronghorn and mule deer must negotiate to gain access to fenced drinking water. To evaluate the hypothesis that exclosures limit wild ungulate access to water sources, we compared use (photo counts) of fenced versus unfenced water sources for both pronghorn and mule deer between June and October 2002–2008 in western Utah. We used model selection to identify an adequate distribution and best approximating model. We selected a zero-inflated negative binomial distribution for both pronghorn and mule deer photo counts. Both pronghorn and mule deer photo counts were positively associated with sampling time and average daily maximum temperature in top models. A fence effect was present in top models for both pronghorn and mule deer, but mule deer response to small-perimeter fencing was much more pronounced than pronghorn response. For mule deer, we estimated that presence of a fence around water developments reduced photo counts by a factor of 0.25. We suggest eliminating fencing of water developments whenever possible or fencing a big enough area around water sources to avoid inhibiting mule deer. More generally, our results provide additional evidence that water development design and placement influence wildlife use. Failure to account for species-specific preferences will limit effectiveness of management actions and could compromise research results.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.163","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Larsen, R., Bissonette, J., Flinders, J., and Robinson, A., 2011, Does small-perimeter fencing inhibit mule deer or pronghorn use of water developments?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 6, p. 1417-1425, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.163.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1417","endPage":"1425","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217827,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.163"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.97216796875,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.86279296875,\n              40.36328834091583\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.06054687499999,\n              41.244772343082076\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1044921875,\n              41.60722821271717\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.763671875,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.37890625,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5986328125,\n              41.29431726315258\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.06005859375,\n              41.261291493919884\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.97216796875,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0396e4b0c8380cd50561","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, R.T.","contributorId":6693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bissonette, John","contributorId":62914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flinders, J.T.","contributorId":43703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinders","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, A.C.","contributorId":70409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036841,"text":"70036841 - 2011 - Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T18:49:49.518611","indexId":"70036841","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range","docAbstract":"<p>Throughout interior Alaska (USA), a gradual warming trend in mean monthly temperatures occurred over the last few decades (∼∼2-–4°°C). The accompanying increases in woody vegetation at many alpine treeline (hereafter treeline) locations provided an opportunity to examine how biotic and abiotic local site conditions interact to control tree establishment patterns during warming. We devised a landscape ecological approach to investigate these relationships at an undisturbed treeline in the Alaska Range. We identified treeline changes between 1953 (aerial photography) and 2005 (satellite imagery) in a geographic information system (GIS) and linked them with corresponding local site conditions derived from digital terrain data, ancillary climate data, and distance to 1953 trees. Logistic regressions enabled us to rank the importance of local site conditions in controlling tree establishment. We discovered a spatial transition in the importance of tree establishment controls. The biotic variable (proximity to 1953 trees) was the most important tree establishment predictor below the upper tree limit, providing evidence of response lags with the abiotic setting and suggesting that tree establishment is rarely in equilibrium with the physical environment or responding directly to warming. Elevation and winter sun exposure were important predictors of tree establishment at the upper tree limit, but proximity to trees persisted as an important tertiary predictor, indicating that tree establishment may achieve equilibrium with the physical environment. However, even here, influences from the biotic variable may obscure unequivocal correlations with the abiotic setting (including temperature). Future treeline expansion will likely be patchy and challenging to predict without considering the spatial variability of influences from biotic and abiotic local site conditions.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","language":"English","doi":"10.1890/09-1725.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Stueve, K., Isaacs, R., Tyrrell, L., and Densmore, R., 2011, Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range: Ecology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 496-506, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1725.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"506","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1725.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.78759765625,\n              62.75472592723178\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.765869140625,\n              63.27812271092345\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.68347167968747,\n              63.70715578169752\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.9306640625,\n              64.19681461100495\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.00732421875,\n              64.65211223878967\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.34716796875,\n              63.95667333648766\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.45703125,\n              63.05495931065107\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.5009765625,\n              62.34960927573042\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.0947265625,\n              62.2679226294176\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.1279296875,\n              62.57310578449978\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.78759765625,\n              62.75472592723178\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94b2e4b08c986b31abf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stueve, K.M.","contributorId":11860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stueve","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaacs, R.E.","contributorId":40833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacs","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyrrell, L.E.","contributorId":41265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyrrell","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Densmore, R.V.","contributorId":72953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036765,"text":"70036765 - 2011 - Estimating detection and density of the Andean cat in the high Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T15:46:43.265367","indexId":"70036765","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating detection and density of the Andean cat in the high Andes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Andean cat (</span><i>Leopardus jacobita</i><span>) is one of the most endangered, yet least known, felids. Although the Andean cat is considered at risk of extinction, rigorous quantitative population studies are lacking. Because physical observations of the Andean cat are difficult to make in the wild, we used a camera-trapping array to photo-capture individuals. The survey was conducted in northwestern Argentina at an elevation of approximately 4,200 m during October-December 2006 and April-June 2007. In each year we deployed 22 pairs of camera traps, which were strategically placed. To estimate detection probability and density we applied models for spatial capture-recapture using a Bayesian framework. Estimated densities were 0.07 and 0.12 individual/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;for 2006 and 2007, respectively. Mean baseline detection probability was estimated at 0.07. By comparison, densities of the Pampas cat (</span><i>Leopardus colocolo</i><span>), another poorly known felid that shares its habitat with the Andean cat, were estimated at 0.74–0.79 individual/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;in the same study area for 2006 and 2007, and its detection probability was estimated at 0.02. Despite having greater detectability, the Andean cat is rarer in the study region than the Pampas cat. Properly accounting for the detection probability is important in making reliable estimates of density, a key parameter in conservation and management decisions for any species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/10-MAMM-A-053.1","usgsCitation":"Reppucci, J., Gardner, B., and Lucherini, M., 2011, Estimating detection and density of the Andean cat in the high Andes: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 1, p. 140-147, https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-A-053.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"147","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/10-mamm-a-053.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"High Andes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.67578124999999,\n              -25.16517336866393\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.6328125,\n              -25.16517336866393\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.6328125,\n              -21.69826549685252\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.67578124999999,\n              -21.69826549685252\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.67578124999999,\n              -25.16517336866393\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b15e4b0c8380cd5256b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reppucci, Juan","contributorId":24487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reppucci","given":"Juan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Beth","contributorId":140853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucherini, Mauro","contributorId":24488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucherini","given":"Mauro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032299,"text":"70032299 - 2011 - Assessing the detail needed to capture rainfall-runoff dynamics with physics-based hydrologic response simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032299","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the detail needed to capture rainfall-runoff dynamics with physics-based hydrologic response simulation","docAbstract":"Concept development simulation with distributed, physics-based models provides a quantitative approach for investigating runoff generation processes across environmental conditions. Disparities within data sets employed to design and parameterize boundary value problems used in heuristic simulation inevitably introduce various levels of bias. The objective was to evaluate the impact of boundary value problem complexity on process representation for different runoff generation mechanisms. The comprehensive physics-based hydrologic response model InHM has been employed to generate base case simulations for four well-characterized catchments. The C3 and CB catchments are located within steep, forested environments dominated by subsurface stormflow; the TW and R5 catchments are located in gently sloping rangeland environments dominated by Dunne and Horton overland flows. Observational details are well captured within all four of the base case simulations, but the characterization of soil depth, permeability, rainfall intensity, and evapotranspiration differs for each. These differences are investigated through the conversion of each base case into a reduced case scenario, all sharing the same level of complexity. Evaluation of how individual boundary value problem characteristics impact simulated runoff generation processes is facilitated by quantitative analysis of integrated and distributed responses at high spatial and temporal resolution. Generally, the base case reduction causes moderate changes in discharge and runoff patterns, with the dominant process remaining unchanged. Moderate differences between the base and reduced cases highlight the importance of detailed field observations for parameterizing and evaluating physics-based models. Overall, similarities between the base and reduced cases indicate that the simpler boundary value problems may be useful for concept development simulation to investigate fundamental controls on the spectrum of runoff generation mechanisms. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009906","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B., Ebel, B., Heppner, C., and Loague, K., 2011, Assessing the detail needed to capture rainfall-runoff dynamics with physics-based hydrologic response simulation: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009906.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475213,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr009906","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009906"},{"id":242778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede8e4b0c8380cd49ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, B.B.","contributorId":68128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"B.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebel, B.A.","contributorId":87772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heppner, C.S.","contributorId":37147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heppner","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loague, K.","contributorId":77307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loague","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032298,"text":"70032298 - 2011 - Interactions between natural-occurring landscape conditions and land use influencing the abundance of riverine smallmouth bass, micropterus dolomieu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032298","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between natural-occurring landscape conditions and land use influencing the abundance of riverine smallmouth bass, micropterus dolomieu","docAbstract":"This study examined how interactions between natural landscape features and land use influenced the abundance of smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, in Missouri, USA, streams. Stream segments were placed into one of four groups based on natural-occurring watershed characteristics (soil texture and soil permeability) predicted to relate to smallmouth bass abundance. Within each group, stream segments were assigned forest (n = 3), pasture (n = 3), or urban (n = 3) designations based on the percentages of land use within each watershed. Analyses of variance indicated smallmouth bass densities differed between land use and natural conditions. Decision tree models indicated abundance was highest in forested stream segments and lowest in urban stream segments, regardless of group designation. Land use explained the most variation in decision tree models, but in-channel features of temperature, flow, and sediment also contributed significantly. These results are unique and indicate the importance of natural-occurring watershed conditions in defining the potential of populations and how finer-scale filters interact with land use to further alter population potential. Smallmouth bass has differing vulnerabilities to land-use attributes, and the better the natural watershed conditions are for population success, the more resilient these populations will be when land conversion occurs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f2011-110","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Brewer, S., and Rabeni, C., 2011, Interactions between natural-occurring landscape conditions and land use influencing the abundance of riverine smallmouth bass, micropterus dolomieu: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 68, no. 11, p. 1922-1933, https://doi.org/10.1139/f2011-110.","startPage":"1922","endPage":"1933","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-110"},{"id":242744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cc4e4b0c8380cd63011","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, S.K.","contributorId":34284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032297,"text":"70032297 - 2011 - Constraints on Lake Agassiz discharge through the late-glacial Champlain Sea (St. Lawrence Lowlands, Canada) using salinity proxies and an estuarine circulation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032297","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on Lake Agassiz discharge through the late-glacial Champlain Sea (St. Lawrence Lowlands, Canada) using salinity proxies and an estuarine circulation model","docAbstract":"During the last deglaciation, abrupt freshwater discharge events from proglacial lakes in North America, such as glacial Lake Agassiz, are believed to have drained into the North Atlantic Ocean, causing large shifts in climate by weakening the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water and decreasing ocean heat transport to high northern latitudes. These discharges were caused by changes in lake drainage outlets, but the duration, magnitude and routing of discharge events, factors which govern the climatic response to freshwater forcing, are poorly known. Abrupt discharges, called floods, are typically assumed to last months to a year, whereas more gradual discharges, called routing events, occur over centuries. Here we use estuarine modeling to evaluate freshwater discharge from Lake Agassiz and other North American proglacial lakes into the North Atlantic Ocean through the St. Lawrence estuary around 11.5 ka BP, the onset of the Preboreal oscillation (PBO). Faunal and isotopic proxy data from the Champlain Sea, a semi-isolated, marine-brackish water body that occupied the St. Lawrence and Champlain Valleys from 13 to 9 ka, indicate salinity fell about 7-8 (range of 4-11) around 11.5 ka. Model results suggest that minimum (1600 km3) and maximum (9500 km3) estimates of plausible flood volumes determined from Lake Agassiz paleoshorelines would produce the proxy-reconstructed salinity decrease if the floods lasted &lt;1 day to 5 months and 1 month to 2 years, respectively. In addition, Champlain Sea salinity responds very quickly to the initiation (within days) and cessation (within weeks) of flooding events. These results support the hypothesis that a glacial lake flood, rather than a sustained routing event, discharged through the St. Lawrence Estuary during the PBO. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.006","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Najjar, R., Cronin, T., Rayburn, J., and Mann, M.E., 2011, Constraints on Lake Agassiz discharge through the late-glacial Champlain Sea (St. Lawrence Lowlands, Canada) using salinity proxies and an estuarine circulation model: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 30, no. 23-24, p. 3248-3257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.006.","startPage":"3248","endPage":"3257","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214981,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.006"},{"id":242743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"23-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0ae4b0c8380cd4d8c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, Brian","contributorId":33484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Najjar, R.G.","contributorId":30063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Najjar","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cronin, T.","contributorId":88061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rayburn, J.","contributorId":42446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rayburn","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mann, M. E.","contributorId":48354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036870,"text":"70036870 - 2011 - Validating growth and development of a seabird as an indicator of food availability: Captive-reared Caspian Tern chicks fed ad libitum and restricted diets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T13:20:59.636533","indexId":"70036870","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validating growth and development of a seabird as an indicator of food availability: Captive-reared Caspian Tern chicks fed ad libitum and restricted diets","docAbstract":"<p><span>For seabirds raising young under conditions of limited food availability, reducing chick provisioning and chick growth rates are the primary means available to avoid abandonment of a breeding effort. For most seabirds, however, baseline data characterizing chick growth and development under known feeding conditions are unavailable, so it is difficult to evaluate chick nutritional status as it relates to foraging conditions near breeding colonies. To address this need, we examined the growth and development of young Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia), a cosmopolitan, generalist piscivore, reared in captivity and fed ad libitum and restricted (ca. one-third lower caloric intake) diets. Ad libitum-fed chicks grew at similar rates and achieved a similar size at fledging as previously documented for chicks in the wild and had energetic demands that closely matched allometric predictions. We identified three general characteristics of food-restricted Caspian Tern chicks compared to ad libitum chicks: (1) lower age-specific body mass, (2) lower age-specific skeletal and feather size, such as wing chord length, and (3) heightened levels of corticosterone in blood, both for baseline levels and in response to acute stress. Effects of diet restriction on feather growth (10–11% slower growth in diet-restricted chicks) were less pronounced than effects on structural growth (37–52% slower growth) and body mass (24% lower at fledging age) apparently due to preferential allocation of food resources to maintain plumage growth. Our results suggest that measurements of chick body mass and feather development (e.g., wing chord or primary length) or measurement of corticosterone levels in the blood would allow useful evaluation of the nutritional status of chicks reared in the wild and of food availability in the foraging range of adults. Such evaluations could also inform demography studies (e.g., predict future recruitment) and assist in evaluating designated piscivorous waterbird conservation (colony) sites.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2010.00311.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Lyons, D., and Roby, D.D., 2011, Validating growth and development of a seabird as an indicator of food availability: Captive-reared Caspian Tern chicks fed ad libitum and restricted diets: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 82, no. 1, p. 88-100, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2010.00311.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"East Sand Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.00714874267577,\n              46.246113093596165\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.94466400146483,\n              46.246113093596165\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.94466400146483,\n              46.28076677380824\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.00714874267577,\n              46.28076677380824\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.00714874267577,\n              46.246113093596165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0fbe4b08c986b32a3e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, Donald E.","contributorId":20119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032296,"text":"70032296 - 2011 - Water storage at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032296","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water storage at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"Storage is a major component of a catchment water balance particularly when the water balance components are evaluated on short time scales, that is, less than annual. We propose a method of determining the storage-discharge relation using an exponential function and daily precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and baseflow during the dormant season when evapotranspiration (ET) is low. The method was applied to the 22-year data series of the 0.41-ha forested Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia. The relation of cumulative daily precipitation minus daily runoff and PET versus baseflow was highly significant (r2=0.92, p&lt;0.0001), but the initial storage for each year varied markedly. For the 22-year study period, annual precipitation and runoff averaged 1240 and 380mm, respectively, whereas the absolute catchment storage range was ~400mm, averaging 219mm annually, which is attributed to contributions of soil water and groundwater. The soil moisture of a catchment average 1-m soil depth was evaluated and suggests that there was an active (changes in soil storage during stormflow) and passive (a longer-term seasonal cycle) soil water storage with ranges of 40-70 and 100-120mm, respectively. The active soil water storage was short term on the order of days during and immediately after rainstorms, and the passive or seasonal soil storage was highest during winter when ET was lowest and lowest during summer when ET was highest. An estimate of ET from daily changes in soil moisture (ETSM) during recessions was comparable with PET during the dormant season (1.5mmday-1) but was much lower during the growing season (June through August); monthly average SMET and PET ranged from 2.8 to 4.0mmday-1 and from 4.5 to 5.5mmday-1, respectively. The growing season difference is attributed to the overestimation of PET. ETSM estimates were comparable with those derived from hillslope water balances during sprinkling experiments. Master recession curves derived from the storage-discharge relation adjusted seasonally for ET (1.5 and 4.0mmday-1 during the dormant and growing seasons, respectively) fit actual recessions extremely well. ?? 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8334","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Aulenbach, B., 2011, Water storage at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 25, p. 3878-3889, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8334.","startPage":"3878","endPage":"3889","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214950,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8334"},{"id":242711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcc76e4b08c986b32db6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036933,"text":"70036933 - 2011 - Effects of a low severity prescribed fire on water-soluble elements in ash from a cork oak (Quercus suber) forest located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:22:00","indexId":"70036933","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a low severity prescribed fire on water-soluble elements in ash from a cork oak (Quercus suber) forest located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wildfire is the major disturbance in Mediterranean forests. Prescribed fire can be an alternative to reduce the amount of fuel and hence decrease the wildfire risk. However the effects of prescribed fire must be studied, especially on ash properties, because ash is an important nutrient source for ecosystem recovery. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a low severity prescribed fire on water-soluble elements in ash including pH,&nbsp;electrical conductivity&nbsp;(EC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na),&nbsp;potassium&nbsp;(K), aluminum (Al),&nbsp;manganese&nbsp;(Mn), iron (Fe),&nbsp;zinc&nbsp;(Zn),&nbsp;silica&nbsp;(SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) and total&nbsp;sulphur&nbsp;(TS). A prescribed fire was conducted in a cork oak (</span><i>Quercus suber</i><span>) (Q.S) forest located in the northeast part of the Iberian Peninsula. Samples were collected from a flat plot of 40×70</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m mainly composed of Q.S and&nbsp;</span><i>Quercus robur</i><span>&nbsp;(Q.R) trees. In order to understand the effects of the prescribed fire on the soluble elements in ash, we conducted our data analysis on three data groups: all samples, only Q.S samples and only Q.R samples. All three sample groups exhibited a significant increase in pH, EC (</span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001), water-soluble Ca, Mg, Na, SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>and TS and a decrease in water-soluble Mn, Fe and Zn. Differences were identified between oak species for water-soluble K, Al and Fe. In Q.S samples we registered a significant increase in the first two elements&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001 and&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.01, respectively, and a non-significant impact in the third, at&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.05. In Q.R data we identified a non-significant impact on water-soluble K and Al and a significant decrease in water-soluble Fe (</span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.05). These differences are probably due to vegetation characteristics and burn severity. The fire induced a higher variability in the ash soluble elements, especially in Q.S samples, that at some points burned with higher severity. The increase of pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na and K will improve&nbsp;soil fertility, mainly in the study area where soils are acidic. The application of this low severity prescribed fire will improve&nbsp;soil nutrient&nbsp;status without causing&nbsp;soil degradation&nbsp;and thus is considered to be a good management strategy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.002","issn":"00139351","usgsCitation":"Pereira, P., beda, X., Martin, D.A., Mataix-Solera, J., and Guerrero, C., 2011, Effects of a low severity prescribed fire on water-soluble elements in ash from a cork oak (Quercus suber) forest located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula: Environmental Research, v. 111, no. 2, p. 237-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"247","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217892,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.002"},{"id":245865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0670e4b0c8380cd51245","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, P.","contributorId":33947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"beda, X.","contributorId":56072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"beda","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":1900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mataix-Solera, J.","contributorId":62861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mataix-Solera","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guerrero, C.","contributorId":22611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerrero","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032291,"text":"70032291 - 2011 - Potential for water salvage by removal of non-native woody vegetation from dryland river systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032291","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for water salvage by removal of non-native woody vegetation from dryland river systems","docAbstract":"Globally, expansion of non-native woody vegetation across floodplains has raised concern of increased evapotranspiration (ET) water loss with consequent reduced river flows and groundwater supplies. Water salvage programs, established to meet water supply demands by removing introduced species, show little documented evidence of program effectiveness. We use two case studies in the USA and Australia to illustrate factors that contribute to water salvage feasibility for a given ecological setting. In the USA, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) has become widespread on western rivers, with water salvage programs attempted over a 50-year period. Some studies document riparian transpiration or ET reduction after saltcedar removal, but detectable increases in river base flow are not conclusively shown. Furthermore, measurements of riparian vegetation ET in natural settings show saltcedar ET overlaps the range measured for native riparian species, thereby constraining the possibility of water salvage by replacing saltcedar with native vegetation. In Australia, introduced willows (Salix spp.) have become widespread in riparian systems in the Murray-Darling Basin. Although large-scale removal projects have been undertaken, no attempts have been made to quantify increases in base flows. Recent studies of ET indicate that willows growing in permanently inundated stream beds have high transpiration rates, indicating water savings could be achieved from removal. In contrast, native Eucalyptus trees and willows growing on stream banks show similar ET rates with no net water salvage from replacing willows with native trees. We conclude that water salvage feasibility is highly dependent on the ecohydrological setting in which the non-native trees occur. We provide an overview of conditions favorable to water salvage. Copyright ?? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8395","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Doody, T., Nagler, P., Glenn, E.P., Moore, G.W., Morino, K., Hultine, K.R., and Benyon, R., 2011, Potential for water salvage by removal of non-native woody vegetation from dryland river systems: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 26, p. 4117-4131, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8395.","startPage":"4117","endPage":"4131","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8395"},{"id":242581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f1fe4b0c8380cd7a928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doody, T.M.","contributorId":79319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doody","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, G. W.","contributorId":87946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morino, K.","contributorId":10614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hultine, K. R.","contributorId":102281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benyon, R.G.","contributorId":38792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benyon","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036958,"text":"70036958 - 2011 - Monitoring carnivore populations at the landscape scale: occupancy modelling of tigers from sign surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T10:31:46","indexId":"70036958","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring carnivore populations at the landscape scale: occupancy modelling of tigers from sign surveys","docAbstract":"<p>1. Assessing spatial distributions of threatened large carnivores at landscape scales poses formidable challenges because of their rarity and elusiveness. As a consequence of logistical constraints, investigators typically rely on sign surveys. Most survey methods, however, do not explicitly address the central problem of imperfect detections of animal signs in the field, leading to underestimates of true habitat occupancy and distribution.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>2. We assessed habitat occupancy for a tiger <i>Panthera tigris</i> metapopulation across a c. 38 000-km<sup>2</sup> landscape in India, employing a spatially replicated survey to explicitly address imperfect detections. Ecological predictions about tiger presence were confronted with sign detection data generated from occupancy sampling of 205 sites, each of 188 km<sup>2</sup>.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>3. A recent occupancy model that considers Markovian dependency among sign detections on spatial replicates performed better than the standard occupancy model (ΔAIC = 184·9). A formulation of this model that fitted the data best showed that density of ungulate prey and levels of human disturbance were key determinants of local tiger presence. Model averaging resulted in a replicate-level detection probability [inline image] = 0·17 (0·17) for signs and a tiger habitat occupancy estimate of [inline image] = 0·665 (0·0857) or 14 076 (1814) km2 of potential habitat of 21 167 km<sup>2</sup>. In contrast, a traditional presence-versus-absence approach underestimated occupancy by 47%. Maps of probabilities of local site occupancy clearly identified tiger source populations at higher densities and matched observed tiger density variations, suggesting their potential utility for population assessments at landscape scales.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>4. Synthesis and applications. Landscape-scale sign surveys can efficiently assess large carnivore spatial distributions and elucidate the factors governing their local presence, provided ecological and observation processes are both explicitly modelled. Occupancy sampling using spatial replicates can be used to reliably and efficiently identify tiger population sources and help monitor metapopulations. Our results reinforce earlier findings that prey depletion and human disturbance are key drivers of local tiger extinctions and tigers can persist even in human-dominated landscapes through effective protection of source populations. Our approach facilitates efficient targeting of tiger conservation interventions and, more generally, provides a basis for the reliable integration of large carnivore monitoring data between local and landscape scales.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Scientific Publications","publisherLocation":"Oxford, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02002.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K.U., Gopalaswamy, A., Kumar, N.S., Vaidyanathan, S., Nichols, J., and MacKenzie, D.I., 2011, Monitoring carnivore populations at the landscape scale: occupancy modelling of tigers from sign surveys: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 1048-1056, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02002.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1048","endPage":"1056","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475282,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02002.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217835,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02002.x"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 72.01,10.83 ], [ 72.01,19.94 ], [ 79.91,19.94 ], [ 79.91,10.83 ], [ 72.01,10.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d93e4b0c8380cd70481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, Kota Ullas","contributorId":42815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"Kota","email":"","middleInitial":"Ullas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.","contributorId":12167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gopalaswamy","given":"Arjun M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, Narayanarao Samba","contributorId":102307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Narayanarao","email":"","middleInitial":"Samba","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaidyanathan, Srinivas","contributorId":15444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaidyanathan","given":"Srinivas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"MacKenzie, Darryl I.","contributorId":94436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Darryl","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036758,"text":"70036758 - 2011 - Regional contamination versus regional dietary differences: Understanding geographic variation in brominated and chlorinated contaminant levels in polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T17:09:39.336543","indexId":"70036758","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional contamination versus regional dietary differences: Understanding geographic variation in brominated and chlorinated contaminant levels in polar bears","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relative contribution of regional contamination versus dietary differences to geographic variation in polar bear (</span><i>Ursus maritimus</i><span>) contaminant levels is unknown. Dietary variation between Alaska, Canada, East Greenland, and Svalbard subpopulations was assessed by muscle nitrogen and carbon stable isotope (δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N, δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C) and adipose fatty acid (FA) signatures relative to their main prey (ringed seals). Western and southern Hudson Bay signatures were characterized by depleted δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N and δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C, lower proportions of C</span><sub>20</sub><span>&nbsp;and C</span><sub>22</sub><span>&nbsp;monounsaturated FAs and higher proportions of C</span><sub>18</sub><span>&nbsp;and longer chain polyunsaturated FAs. East Greenland and Svalbard signatures were reversed relative to Hudson Bay. Alaskan and Canadian Arctic signatures were intermediate. Between-subpopulation dietary differences predominated over interannual, seasonal, sex, or age variation. Among various brominated and chlorinated contaminants, diet signatures significantly explained variation in adipose levels of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants (14−15%) and legacy PCBs (18−21%). However, dietary influence was contaminant class-specific, since only low or nonsignificant proportions of variation in organochlorine pesticide (e.g., chlordane) levels were explained by diet. Hudson Bay diet signatures were associated with lower PCB and PBDE levels, whereas East Greenland and Svalbard signatures were associated with higher levels. Understanding diet/food web factors is important to accurately interpret contaminant trends, particularly in a changing Arctic.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es102781b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"McKinney, M., Letcher, R.J., Aars, J., Born, E., Branigan, M., Dietz, R., Evans, T., Gabrielsen, G.W., Muir, D., Peacock, E.L., and Sonne, C., 2011, Regional contamination versus regional dietary differences: Understanding geographic variation in brominated and chlorinated contaminant levels in polar bears: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 3, p. 896-902, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102781b.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"896","endPage":"902","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es102781b"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4b5e4b0e8fec6cdbc17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, M.A.","contributorId":75788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, R. J.","contributorId":8062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Born, E.W.","contributorId":7508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Born","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Branigan, Marsha","contributorId":55236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branigan","given":"Marsha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33080,"text":"Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Northwest Territories, Inuvik, NT, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dietz, R.","contributorId":17061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Evans, T.J.","contributorId":97734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gabrielsen, Geir W.","contributorId":57688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gabrielsen","given":"Geir","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Muir, D.C.G.","contributorId":92021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"D.C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sonne, C.","contributorId":92077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonne","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70042349,"text":"70042349 - 2011 - QuickBird satellite imagery as a tool for restoration and rehabilitation of Lake Sevan, Armenia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T12:07:27","indexId":"70042349","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"QuickBird satellite imagery as a tool for restoration and rehabilitation of Lake Sevan, Armenia","docAbstract":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p><span>Lake Sevan in Armenia is the largest freshwater lake in the Transcaucasus region and is one of the largest high-altitude freshwater lakes in Eurasia (Babayan et al., </span><span>2006</span><span>). Armenia is a small (29,743 km</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>), land- locked country that is comparatively poor in natural resources and nearly surrounded by borders that are blockaded by its neighbors (Babayan et al., </span><span>2006</span><span>; Rhoades, </span><span>2008 </span><span>and references therein; CIA, </span><span>2010</span><span>). Despite these obstacles, ecological research and environmental restoration efforts continue. For the most part, ecological research in Lake Sevan during the twentieth century was restricted to Soviet-era journals, or was otherwise unavailable to western scientists.&nbsp;</span></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10750-010-0513-3","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., 2011, QuickBird satellite imagery as a tool for restoration and rehabilitation of Lake Sevan, Armenia: Hydrobiologia, v. 661, no. 1, p. 81-83, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0513-3.","productDescription":"3","startPage":"81","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024646","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269707,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0513-3"}],"country":"Armenia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Sevan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 44.9253,40.1544 ], [ 44.9253,40.6317 ], [ 45.6421,40.6317 ], [ 45.6421,40.1544 ], [ 44.9253,40.1544 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"661","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"514988f4e4b0971933f636a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192776,"text":"70192776 - 2011 - Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:59:35.529011","indexId":"70192776","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"2","title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"<p>The National Coal Resource Assessment (NCRA) team of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has assessed the quantity and quality of coal beds and zones that could be mined during the next 20 years or more. Geologic, geochemical, and resource information was collected and compiled for the five major coal-producing regions of the United States: the Appalachian Basin, Illinois Basin, Northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, Colorado Plateau, and the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain, (Gulf Coast) (Figure 1). In particular, the NCRA assessed coal-quality information and characterized environmentally significant trace elements, such as arsenic and mercury, that are defined in and administered by 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990). The results of various USGS coal assessment efforts may be found at: http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/coal/coal_assessments/index.html, and a summary of the results from all assessment areas can be found in Ruppert et al. (2002) and Dennen (2009).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Hook, R.W., and SanFilipo, J., 2011, Introduction, chap. 2 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 9-27.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-020021","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1259/chapter/107077702/introduction-coal-geology-mining-history-and"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4169921875,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4169921875,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743587e4b0a9a2e9e25cba","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726432,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156745,"text":"70156745 - 2011 - Fire in southern Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T17:34:17.283316","indexId":"70156745","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Fire in southern Australia","docAbstract":"<p>The mediterranean-type climate (MTC) in Australia spans from the southwestern part of Western Australia to include much of South Australia and western Victoria (Fig. 8.1), which covers a longitudinal distance second only to the Mediterranean Basin MTC region. As in other MTC regions, the highly fire-prone evergreen sclerophyllous shrub and tree mediterranean-type vegetation (MTV) extends much further east and north into climatic zones that are not MTC. Australia, however, is distinctly unlike other MTC regions in that fire-prone MTV is extensive across the southern part of the continent and transcends climatic boundaries with relatively subtle changes in community structure and composition. Sclerophyllous MTV dominates both the MTC region of the southwestern corner of the continent as well as the southeastern corner under an aseasonal climate. Both regions share a common fire season of summer to early autumn (McArthur 1972); however, the MTC southwest has a potential fire season every summer whereas in the southeast it is tied to weather anomalies that occur once to several times a decade.</p><p><span class=\"bold\">Mediterranean-type Vegetation</span></p><p>Within the southern Australian MTC zone (Fig. 8.1) evergreen sclerophyllous vegetation dominates. Such MTV is sometimes defined as shrub dominated (Specht 1979), and indeed large areas of sclerophyllous heaths (see Fig. 1.6f), shrublands (Fig. 8.2a) and mallee (Fig. 8.3) occur. However, woodlands and forests form integral parts of the MTC biome (Dell<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">et al</span>. 1989; Gill 1994), and thus MTV includes shrublands, woodlands and forests, and in southern Australia they dominate both in the MTC region and outside that climatic zone (Fig. 8.1). MTV is found across the southern temperate latitudes of Australia (Table 8.1) in an arc below about 30° latitude, accounting for dominant vegetation types in infertile habitats throughout temperate Australia. We specifically focus on the various heaths, shrublands and dry sclerophyll forests that constitute the most fire prone communities in these temperate landscapes. Although similar fire-prone MTV heathlands occur extensively within the tropics on the northern end of the continent (Keith<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">et al</span>. 2002; Russell-Smith &amp; Stanton 2002), here we focus on the temperate MTV, but do consider broader relationships with other adjoining vegetation types (e.g. wet sclerophyll forests, rainforests, and various arid and semi-arid woodlands and shrublands).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139033091.010","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R.A., Pausas, J.G., and Rundel, P.W., 2011, Fire in southern Australia, chap. 8 <i>of</i> Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management, p. 201-230, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139033091.010.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"230","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018786","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"South Australia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              113.7744140625,\n              -35.281500657891186\n            ],\n            [\n              138.2958984375,\n              -35.281500657891186\n            ],\n            [\n              138.2958984375,\n              -27.41078570257701\n            ],\n            [\n              113.7744140625,\n              -27.41078570257701\n            ],\n            [\n              113.7744140625,\n              -35.281500657891186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f596e4b0bc0bec0a174f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bond, William J.","contributorId":81621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradstock, Ross A.","contributorId":42826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradstock","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pausas, Juli G.","contributorId":91347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pausas","given":"Juli","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70169308,"text":"70169308 - 2011 - Assessing the role of conspecific attraction in habitat restoration for Henslow's sparrows in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-24T10:12:51","indexId":"70169308","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the role of conspecific attraction in habitat restoration for Henslow's sparrows in Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The presence of conspecific individuals may provide important cues about habitat quality for territorial songbirds. We tested the ability of a conspecific song playback system to attract Henslow&rsquo;s sparrows to previously unoccupied restored habitat. We successfully attracted Heslow&rsquo;s sparrows to 3 of 7 treatment plots using conspecific song playbacks and we found no Henslow&rsquo;s sparrows in control plots. The addition of social cues using playback systems in restored grassland habitats may aid conservation efforts of Henslow&rsquo;s sparrows to available habitat.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota State University","usgsCitation":"Vogel, J.A., Koford, R.R., and Otis, D.L., 2011, Assessing the role of conspecific attraction in habitat restoration for Henslow's sparrows in Iowa: Prairie Naturalist, v. 43, no. 1/2, p. 23-28.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024961","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319350,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sdstate.edu/nrm/organizations/gpnss/tpn/2011-archive.cfm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Dickinson County","otherGeospatial":"Spring Run Wetland Complex","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-95.386,43.5037],[-95.2825,43.5036],[-94.9139,43.504],[-94.9137,43.4326],[-94.9137,43.3424],[-94.9132,43.2556],[-94.993,43.2551],[-95.0333,43.256],[-95.1503,43.256],[-95.2691,43.2558],[-95.388,43.256],[-95.3866,43.3433],[-95.3865,43.4316],[-95.386,43.5037]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dickinson\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","volume":"43","issue":"1/2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fb0e4b0f59b85e1ea93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, Jennifer A.","contributorId":9463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koford, Rolf R.","contributorId":16347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koford","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":78455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":350,"text":"Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":623519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157539,"text":"70157539 - 2011 - The Rakiura Titi Islands Restoration Project: Community action to eradicate Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans for ecological restoration and cultural wellbeing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T17:44:53.514103","indexId":"70157539","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"The Rakiura Titi Islands Restoration Project: Community action to eradicate <i>Rattus rattus</i> and <i>Rattus exulans</i> for ecological restoration and cultural wellbeing","title":"The Rakiura Titi Islands Restoration Project: Community action to eradicate Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans for ecological restoration and cultural wellbeing","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2003, a non-profit group, Ka Mate Nga Kiore, was set up to oversee the restoration of four Maori-owned islands off the south coast of Stewart Island, New Zealand. The first step in the restoration was to eradicate ship rats (<i>Rattus rattus</i>) from three islands and Pacific rats (<i>R. exulans</i>) from another. The eradication was funded by the Command Oil Spill Trustee Council which managed the mitigation money from an oil spill off the Californian coast in 1998. The funding was coordinated via Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, a non-profit USA group primarily involved in seabird research and restoration. The project was primarily to benefit sooty shearwater (<i>Puffinus griseus</i>) and to sustain a culturally important customary harvest of their chicks by Rakiura Maori. However, like all island eradications, a wide range of other species also benefited from the removal of rats. The New Zealand Department of Conservation provided technical advice and assistance for the planning and implementation of the eradication programme. This paper describes how, with appropriate funding, community and technical support, rodent eradications can be achieved on private islands. In this case, a range of institutions and individuals joined to achieve a common goal that highlighted a significant international conservation action. We urge that more international and local-community-led restoration projects be initiated in the future.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Island invasives: Eradication and management: Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Island invasives: Eradication and management","conferenceDate":"2011","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN, Gland and the Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity (CBB)","usgsCitation":"McClelland, P.J., Coote, R., Trow, M., Hutchins, P., Nevins, H.M., Adams, J., Newman, J., and Moller, H., 2011, The Rakiura Titi Islands Restoration Project: Community action to eradicate Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans for ecological restoration and cultural wellbeing, <i>in</i> Island invasives: Eradication and management: Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives, 2011, p. 451-454.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"454","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025406","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Rakiura Titi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              167.310791015625,\n              -47.353710619513606\n            ],\n            [\n              168.24462890625,\n              -47.353710619513606\n            ],\n            [\n              168.24462890625,\n              -46.61926103617151\n            ],\n            [\n              167.310791015625,\n              -46.61926103617151\n            ],\n            [\n              167.310791015625,\n              -47.353710619513606\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703fe4b058f706e5196a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Veitch, C.R.","contributorId":101909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veitch","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573497,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clout, Mike N.","contributorId":146880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clout","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573498,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Towns, D. R.","contributorId":146881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towns","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573499,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"McClelland, P. J","contributorId":147972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClelland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coote, R. R.","contributorId":119536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coote","given":"R.","suffix":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trow, M. M.","contributorId":118479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trow","given":"M.","suffix":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutchins, P. P.","contributorId":121154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchins","given":"P.","suffix":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nevins, HannahRose M.","contributorId":131164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nevins","given":"HannahRose","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6751,"text":"Moss Landing Marine Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X josh_adams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":2422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","email":"josh_adams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Newman, J.","contributorId":13764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moller, H.","contributorId":108348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moller","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70157342,"text":"70157342 - 2011 - Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T15:12:58.978676","indexId":"70157342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater provides much of the fresh drinking water to more than 1.5 billion people in the world (Clarke et al., 1996) and in the United States more that 50 percent of citizens rely on groundwater for drinking water (Solley et al., 1998). As aquifer systems are developed for water supply, the hydrologic system is changed. Water pumped from the aquifer system initially can come from some combination of inducing more recharge, water permanently removed from storage, and decreased groundwater discharge. Once a new equilibrium is achieved, all of the pumpage must come from induced recharge and decreased discharge (Alley et al., 1999). Further development of groundwater resources may result in reductions of surface water runoff and base flows. Competing demands for groundwater resources require good management. Adequate data to characterize the aquifers and confining units of the system, like hydrologic boundaries, groundwater levels, streamflow, and groundwater pumping and climatic data for recharge estimation are to be collected in order to quantify the effects of groundwater withdrawals on wetlands, streams, and lakes. Once collected, three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow models can be developed and calibrated and used as a tool for groundwater management. The main hydraulic parameters that comprise a regional or subregional model of an aquifer system are the hydraulic conductivity and storage properties of the aquifers and confining units (hydrogeologic units) that confine the system. Many 3D groundwater flow models used to help assess groundwater/surface-water interactions require calculating ?effective? or composite hydraulic properties of multilayered lithologic units within a hydrogeologic unit. The calculation of composite hydraulic properties stems from the need to characterize groundwater flow using coarse model layering in order to reduce simulation times while still representing the flow through the system accurately. The accuracy of flow models with simplified layering and hydraulic properties will depend on the effectiveness of the methods used to determine composite hydraulic properties from a number of lithologic units.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic conductivity: Issues, determination and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"InTech","publisherLocation":"Rijeka, Croatia","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Sepulveda, N., 2011, Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties, chap. <i>of</i> Hydraulic conductivity: Issues, determination and applications, p. 357-376.","productDescription":"20 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,{"id":70157548,"text":"70157548 - 2011 - Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T18:51:28.662101","indexId":"70157548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California was an historic, vast inland freshwater wetland, where organic soils almost 20 meters deep formed over the last several millennia as the land surface elevation of marshes kept pace with sea level rise. A system of levees and pumps were installed in the late 1800s and early 1900s to drain the land for agricultural use. Since then, land surface has subsided more than 7 meters below sea level in some areas as organic soils have been lost to aerobic decomposition. As land surface elevations decrease, costs for levee maintenance and repair increase, as do the risks of flooding. Wetland restoration can be a way to mitigate subsidence by re-creating the environment in which the organic soils developed. A preliminary study of the effect of hydrologic regime on carbon cycling conducted on Twitchell Island during the mid-1990s showed that continuous, shallow flooding allowing for the growth of emergent marsh vegetation re-created a wetland environment where carbon preservation occurred. Under these conditions annual plant biomass carbon inputs were high, and microbial decomposition was reduced. Based on this preliminary study, the U.S. Geological Survey re-established permanently flooded wetlands in fall 1997, with shallow water depths of 25 and 55 centimeters, to investigate the potential to reverse subsidence of delta islands by preserving and accumulating organic substrates over time. Ten years after flooding, elevation gains from organic matter accumulation in areas of emergent marsh vegetation ranged from almost 30 to 60 centimeters, with average annual carbon storage rates approximating 1 kg/m2, while areas without emergent vegetation cover showed no significant change in elevation. Differences in accretion rates within areas of emergent marsh vegetation appeared to result from temporal and spatial variability in hydrologic factors and decomposition rates in the wetlands rather than variability in primary production. Decomposition rates were related to differences in hydrologic conditions, including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and availability of alternate electron acceptors. The study showed that marsh re-establishment with permanent, low energy, shallow flooding can limit oxidation of organic soils, thus, effectively turning subsiding land from atmospheric carbon sources to carbon sinks, and at the same time reducing flood vulnerability.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River deltas: Types, structures and ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"New York City, NY","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., and Fujii, R., 2011, Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA, chap. <i>of</i> River deltas: Types, structures and ecology, p. 1-34.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.22828954974031,\n              38.050594319491694\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1992763879824,\n              38.02322247745954\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06581584389886,\n              37.99121787309585\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.98602964906627,\n              38.03122144544275\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70315132193262,\n              37.98321453920093\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.64077302415454,\n              37.95004857076803\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.65382894694523,\n              37.77482161472676\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.48990458301647,\n              37.68418194249246\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2505459985187,\n              37.646286958808716\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.24909534043141,\n              37.703646260559424\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.27520718601272,\n              37.85041111778014\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2882631088037,\n              37.98316493870175\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37530259407546,\n              38.07115364272096\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38400654260289,\n              38.16816126824645\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4333289175903,\n              38.24795309829756\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.49135524110478,\n              38.43341488449104\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.03825334022991,\n              38.27073469555026\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.22974020782794,\n              38.07800546676111\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.22828954974031,\n              38.050594319491694\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703ae4b058f706e51950","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Paul E.","contributorId":147998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573563,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robin L. romiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin L.","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70157545,"text":"70157545 - 2011 - Recent plant eradications on the islands of Maui County, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T13:26:39.770642","indexId":"70157545","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recent plant eradications on the islands of Maui County, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p><span>The state of Hawai'i (USA) has few regulations to limit plant introductions. A network of interagency islandbased invasive species committees has evolved over the past decade to address this vulnerability, with the aim of stopping invasions before they threaten natural areas. On Maui, Moloka&lsquo;i, and Lāna&lsquo;i, which comprise three of the four islands of Maui County, single-island eradications have been achieved for 12 plant species and eradication is likely imminent for an additional eight species. The islands vary in size, population, and land ownership. We explore the relative importance of those variables in achieving successful eradications along with target species selection, detection strategies, and public support</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Island invasives: eradication and management: Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives","conferenceTitle":"Auckland, New Zealand","conferenceDate":"2011","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN, Gland and the Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity (CBB)","usgsCitation":"Penniman, T.M., Buchanan, L., and Loope, L.L., 2011, Recent plant eradications on the islands of Maui County, Hawai'i, <i>in</i> Island invasives: eradication and management: Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives, 2011, p. 325-331.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"331","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033039","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","county":"Maui County","otherGeospatial":"Lāna‘i, Maui, Moloka‘i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.33210048585318,\n              21.269158034504102\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.33210048585318,\n              20.470087139751698\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9615283883961,\n              20.470087139751698\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9615283883961,\n              21.269158034504102\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.33210048585318,\n              21.269158034504102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703ae4b058f706e51952","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Veitch, C.R.","contributorId":101909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veitch","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573551,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clout, Mike N.","contributorId":146880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clout","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573552,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Towns, D. R.","contributorId":146881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towns","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573553,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Penniman, Teya M.","contributorId":118000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penniman","given":"Teya","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchanan, Lori","contributorId":147997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Lori","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loope, Lloyd L.","contributorId":107848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157504,"text":"70157504 - 2011 - Overview of prohibited and permitted plant regulatory listing systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T15:43:53.894041","indexId":"70157504","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Overview of prohibited and permitted plant regulatory listing systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pest risk analysis is a process that evaluates the risks involved with a proposed species to help determine whether it should be permitted or denied entry into a country, and how the risks could be managed if it is imported. The prohibited listing approach was developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s in response to outbreaks of plant and animals pests such as foot and mouth disease of livestock, Mediterranean fruitfly (</span><i>Ceratitis capitata</i><span>&nbsp;Wiedemann), and Gypsy moth (</span><i>Lymantria dispar</i><span>&nbsp;L.). Under this approach, selected species of concern are evaluated to determine if they should be regulated for entry. Under the permitted listing approach that was first used on a national level in Australia in the 1990s, all species that are proposed for introduction are assessed to determine if they should be regulated.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive plant management issues and challenges in the United States: 2011 Overview","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/bk-2011-1073.ch002","usgsCitation":"Westbrooks, R.G., and Tasker, A.V., 2011, Overview of prohibited and permitted plant regulatory listing systems, chap. <i>of</i> Invasive plant management issues and challenges in the United States: 2011 Overview, v. 1073, p. 19-28, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1073.ch002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024201","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1073","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051edde4b058f706e512fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westbrooks, Randy G.","contributorId":147074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westbrooks","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tasker, Alan V.","contributorId":147937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tasker","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034535,"text":"70034535 - 2011 - Provenance of Des Moines lobe till records ice-stream catchment evolution during Laurentide deglaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T20:39:44.247527","indexId":"70034535","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1068,"text":"Boreas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Provenance of Des Moines lobe till records ice-stream catchment evolution during Laurentide deglaciation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mapping and analysis of deposits of the Des Moines lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, active after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), reveal several texturally and lithologically distinct tills within what had been considered to be a homogeneous deposit. Although the differences between tills are subtle, minor distinctions are predictable and mappable, and till sheets within the area covered by the lobe can be correlated for hundreds of kilometres parallel to ice flow. Lateral till‐sheet contacts are abrupt or overlap in a narrow zone, coincident with a geomorphic discontinuity interpreted to be a shear margin. Till sheets 10 to 20 m thick show mixing in their lower 2 to 3 m. We suggest that: (i) lithologically distinct till sheets correspond to unique ice‐stream source areas; (ii) the sequence of tills deposited by the Des Moines lobe was the result of the evolution and varying dominance of nearby and competing ice streams and their tributaries; and (iii) in at least one instance, more than one ice stream simultaneously contributed to the lobe. Therefore the complex sequence of tills of subtly different provenances, and the unconformities between them record the evolution of an ice‐catchment area during Laurentide Ice Sheet drawdown. Till provenance data suggest that, after till is created in the ice‐stream source area, the subglacial conditions required for transporting till decline and incorporation of new material is limited.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2011.00208.x","issn":"03009483","usgsCitation":"Lusardi, B., Jennings, C., and Harris, K., 2011, Provenance of Des Moines lobe till records ice-stream catchment evolution during Laurentide deglaciation: Boreas, v. 40, no. 4, p. 585-597, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2011.00208.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"597","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2011.00208.x"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fa0e4b0c8380cd7f88f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusardi, B.A.","contributorId":21782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusardi","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, C.E.","contributorId":45890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, K.L.","contributorId":17063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036224,"text":"70036224 - 2011 - The Augustine magmatic system as revealed by seismic tomography and relocated earthquake hypocenters from 1994 through 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T18:19:27.614522","indexId":"70036224","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Augustine magmatic system as revealed by seismic tomography and relocated earthquake hypocenters from 1994 through 2009","docAbstract":"<p><span>We incorporate 14 years of earthquake data from the Alaska Volcano Observatory with data from a 1975 controlled‐source seismic experiment to obtain the three‐dimensional P and S wave velocity structure and the first high‐precision earthquake locations at Augustine Volcano to be calculated in a fully three‐dimensional velocity model. Velocity tomography shows two main features beneath Augustine: a narrow, high‐velocity column beneath the summit, extending from ∼2 km depth to the surface, and elevated velocities on the south flank. Our relocation results allow a thorough analysis of the spatio‐temoral patterns of seismicity and the relationship to the magmatic and eruptive activity. Background seismicity is centered beneath the summit at an average depth of 0.6 km above sea level. In the weeks leading to the January 2006 eruption of Augustine, seismicity focused on a NW‐SE line along the trend of an inflating dike. A series of drumbeat earthquakes occurred in the early weeks of the eruption, indicating further magma transport through the same dike system. During the six months following the onset of the eruption, the otherwise quiescent region 1 to 5 km below sea level centered beneath the summit became seismically active with two groups of earthquakes, differentiated by frequency content. The deep longer‐period earthquakes occurred during the eruption and are interpreted as resulting from the movement of magma toward the summit, and the post‐eruptive shorter‐period earthquakes may be due to the relaxation of an emptied magma tube. The seismicity subsequently returned to its normal background rates and patterns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JB008129","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Syracuse, E., Thurber, C., and Power, J.A., 2011, The Augustine magmatic system as revealed by seismic tomography and relocated earthquake hypocenters from 1994 through 2009: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 9, B09306, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008129.","productDescription":"B09306, 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475123,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb008129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218306,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008129"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Augustine Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              57.18390185831188\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.470703125,\n              57.18390185831188\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.470703125,\n              61.938950426660604\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              61.938950426660604\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              57.18390185831188\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba690e4b08c986b3211e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syracuse, E.M.","contributorId":28108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syracuse","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":454976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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