Seismic risk is a somewhat subjective, but important, concept in earthquake engineering and other related decision-making. Another important concept that is closely related to seismic risk is seismic hazard. Although seismic hazard and seismic risk have often been used interchangeably, they are fundamentally different: seismic hazard describes the natural phenomenon or physical property of an earthquake, whereas seismic risk describes the probability of loss or damage that could be caused by a seismic hazard. The distinction between seismic hazard and seismic risk is of practical significance because measures for seismic hazard mitigation may differ from those for seismic risk reduction. Seismic risk assessment is a complicated process and starts with seismic hazard assessment. Although probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is the most widely used method for seismic hazard assessment, recent studies have found that PSHA is not scientifically valid. Use of PSHA will lead to (1) artifact estimates of seismic risk, (2) misleading use of the annual probability of exccedance (i.e., the probability of exceedance in one year) as a frequency (per year), and (3) numerical creation of extremely high ground motion. An alternative approach, which is similar to those used for flood and wind hazard assessments, has been proposed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"GeoRisk 2011: Geotechnical Risk Assessment and Management","conferenceDate":"June 26-28, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/41183(418)111","issn":"08950563","isbn":"9780784411834","usgsCitation":"Wang, Z., 2011, Seismic risk assessment and application in the central United States, in Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 224 GSP, Atlanta, GA, June 26-28, 2011, p. 1020-1027, https://doi.org/10.1061/41183(418)111.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1020","endPage":"1027","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218201,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41183(418)111"}],"issue":"224 GSP","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b5ee4b08c986b3177a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032298,"text":"70032298 - 2011 - Interactions between natural-occurring landscape conditions and land use influencing the abundance of riverine smallmouth bass, micropterus dolomieu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032298","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between natural-occurring landscape conditions and land use influencing the abundance of riverine smallmouth bass, micropterus dolomieu","docAbstract":"This study examined how interactions between natural landscape features and land use influenced the abundance of smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, in Missouri, USA, streams. Stream segments were placed into one of four groups based on natural-occurring watershed characteristics (soil texture and soil permeability) predicted to relate to smallmouth bass abundance. Within each group, stream segments were assigned forest (n = 3), pasture (n = 3), or urban (n = 3) designations based on the percentages of land use within each watershed. Analyses of variance indicated smallmouth bass densities differed between land use and natural conditions. Decision tree models indicated abundance was highest in forested stream segments and lowest in urban stream segments, regardless of group designation. Land use explained the most variation in decision tree models, but in-channel features of temperature, flow, and sediment also contributed significantly. These results are unique and indicate the importance of natural-occurring watershed conditions in defining the potential of populations and how finer-scale filters interact with land use to further alter population potential. Smallmouth bass has differing vulnerabilities to land-use attributes, and the better the natural watershed conditions are for population success, the more resilient these populations will be when land conversion occurs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f2011-110","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Brewer, S., and Rabeni, C., 2011, Interactions between natural-occurring landscape conditions and land use influencing the abundance of riverine smallmouth bass, micropterus dolomieu: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 68, no. 11, p. 1922-1933, https://doi.org/10.1139/f2011-110.","startPage":"1922","endPage":"1933","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-110"},{"id":242744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cc4e4b0c8380cd63011","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, S.K.","contributorId":34284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036580,"text":"70036580 - 2011 - Pore fluid geochemistry from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T20:00:43.658435","indexId":"70036580","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pore fluid geochemistry from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"The BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well was drilled and cored from 606.5 to 760.1 m on the North Slope of Alaska, to evaluate the occurrence, distribution and formation of gas hydrate in sediments below the base of the ice-bearing permafrost. Both the dissolved chloride and the isotopic composition of the water co-vary in the gas hydrate-bearing zones, consistent with gas hydrate dissociation during core recovery, and they provide independent indicators to constrain the zone of gas hydrate occurrence. Analyses of chloride and water isotope data indicate that an observed increase in salinity towards the top of the cored section reflects the presence of residual fluids from ion exclusion during ice formation at the base of the permafrost layer. These salinity changes are the main factor controlling major and minor ion distributions in the Mount Elbert Well. The resulting background chloride can be simulated with a one-dimensional diffusion model, and the results suggest that the ion exclusion at the top of the cored section reflects deepening of the permafrost layer following the last glaciation (∼100 kyr), consistent with published thermal models. Gas hydrate saturation values estimated from dissolved chloride agree with estimates based on logging data when the gas hydrate occupies more than 20% of the pore space; the correlation is less robust at lower saturation values. The highest gas hydrate concentrations at the Mount Elbert Well are clearly associated with coarse-grained sedimentary sections, as expected from theoretical calculations and field observations in marine and other arctic sediment cores.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.10.001","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Torres, M., Collett, T.S., Rose, K., Sample, J., Agena, W.F., and Rosenbaum, E., 2011, Pore fluid geochemistry from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 332-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.10.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217586,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.10.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.6953125,\n 67.64267630796034\n ],\n [\n -140.44921875,\n 67.64267630796034\n ],\n [\n -140.44921875,\n 71.91088787611527\n ],\n [\n -167.6953125,\n 71.91088787611527\n ],\n [\n -167.6953125,\n 67.64267630796034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dc8e4b0c8380cd7a15d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres, M.E.","contributorId":58443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, K.K.","contributorId":102306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sample, J.C.","contributorId":50006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov","contributorId":3181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"wagena@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenbaum, E.J.","contributorId":37575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194902,"text":"70194902 - 2011 - Waste isolation and contaminant migration - Tools and techniques for monitoring the saturated zone-unsaturated zone-plant-atmosphere continuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T11:31:43","indexId":"70194902","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesNumber":"NUREG/CP-0195","chapter":"3.5.1","title":"Waste isolation and contaminant migration - Tools and techniques for monitoring the saturated zone-unsaturated zone-plant-atmosphere continuum","docAbstract":"It is essential to document how well the current generation of climate models performs in simulating past climates to have confidence in their ability to project future conditions. We present the first global, in-depth comparison of Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) estimates from a coupled ocean–atmosphere climate model experiment and a SST reconstruction based on proxy data. This enables the identification of areas in which both the climate model and the proxy dataset require improvement.
In general, the fit between model-produced SST anomalies and those formed from the available data is very good. We focus our discussion on three regions where the data–model anomaly exceeds 2 °C. 1) In the high latitude North Pacific, a systematic model error may result in anomalies that are too cold. Also, the deeper Pliocene thermocline may cause disagreement along the California margin; either the upwelling in the model is too strong or the modeled thermocline is not deep enough. 2) In the North Atlantic, the model predicts cooling in the center of a data-based warming trend that steadily increases with latitude from + 1.5 °C to >+ 6 °C. The discrepancy may arise because the modeled North Atlantic Current is too zonal compared to reality, which is reinforced by the lowering of the altitude of the Pliocene Western Cordillera Mountains. In addition, the model's use of modern bathymetry in the higher latitudes may have led the model to underestimate the northward penetration of warmer surface water into the Arctic. 3) Finally, though the data and model show good general agreement across most of the Southern Ocean, a few locations show offsets due to the modern land–sea mask used in the model.
Additional considerations could account for many of the modest data–model anomalies, such as differences between calibration climatologies, the oversimplification of the seasonal cycle, and differences between SST proxies (i.e. seasonality and water depth). New SST estimates from data-sparse and regionally important areas will greatly enhance our ability to judge model performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.016","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H.J., Haywood, A., Valdes, P., Robinson, M.M., Lunt, D., Hill, D., Stoll, D., and Foley, K.M., 2011, Sea surface temperatures of the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period: A comparison of PRISM3 and HadCM3: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 309, no. 1-2, p. 83-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.016.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/14869/1/Piacenzian.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"309","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87f9e4b08c986b316753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valdes, P.J.","contributorId":77331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lunt, D.J.","contributorId":105127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hill, D.J.","contributorId":102291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stoll, D.K.","contributorId":66088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoll","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148134,"text":"70148134 - 2011 - Identification of American shad spawning sites and habitat use in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T09:51:21","indexId":"70148134","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of American shad spawning sites and habitat use in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina","docAbstract":"We examined spawning site selection and habitat use by American shad Alosa sapidissima in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina, to inform future management in this flow-regulated river. American shad eggs were collected in plankton tows, and the origin (spawning site) of each egg was estimated; relocations of radio-tagged adults on spawning grounds illustrated habitat use and movement in relation to changes in water discharge rates. Most spawning was estimated to occur in the Piedmont physiographic region within a 25-river-kilometer (rkm) section just below the lowermost dam in the system; however, some spawning also occurred downstream in the Coastal Plain. The Piedmont region has a higher gradient and is predicted to have slightly higher current velocities and shallower depths, on average, than the Coastal Plain. The Piedmont region is dominated by large substrates (e.g., boulders and gravel), whereas the Coastal Plain is dominated by sand. Sampling at night (the primary spawning period) resulted in the collection of young eggs (≤1.5 h old) that more precisely identified the spawning sites. In the Piedmont region, most radio-tagged American shad remained in discrete areas (average linear range = 3.6 rkm) during the spawning season and generally occupied water velocities between 0.20 and 0.69 m/s, depths between 1.0 and 2.9 m, and substrates dominated by boulder or bedrock and gravel. Tagged adults made only small-scale movements with changes in water discharge rates. Our results demonstrate that the upstream extent of migration and an area of concentrated spawning occur just below the lowermost dam. If upstream areas have similar habitat, facilitating upstream access for American shad could increase the spawning habitat available and increase the population's size.
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34.88367790965999\n ],\n [\n -79.8321533203125,\n 34.96024630257349\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -79.8651123046875,\n 35.077212628195525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570253ae4b0d9246a9fd1a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Julianne E.","contributorId":57687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Julianne E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036241,"text":"70036241 - 2011 - Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T11:44:32","indexId":"70036241","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000","docAbstract":"Land use change, natural disturbance, and climate change directly alter ecosystem productivity and carbon stock level. The estimation of ecosystem carbon dynamics depends on the quality of land cover change data and the effectiveness of the ecosystem models that represent the vegetation growth processes and disturbance effects. We used the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) and a set of 30- to 60-m resolution fire and land cover change data to examine the carbon changes of California's forests, shrublands, and grasslands. Simulation results indicate that during 1951–2000, the net primary productivity (NPP) increased by 7%, from 72.2 to 77.1 Tg C yr−1 (1 teragram = 1012 g), mainly due to CO2 fertilization, since the climate hardly changed during this period. Similarly, heterotrophic respiration increased by 5%, from 69.4 to 73.1 Tg C yr−1, mainly due to increased forest soil carbon and temperature. Net ecosystem production (NEP) was highly variable in the 50-year period but on average equalled 3.0 Tg C yr−1 (total of 149 Tg C). As with NEP, the net biome production (NBP) was also highly variable but averaged −0.55 Tg C yr−1 (total of –27.3 Tg C) because NBP in the 1980s was very low (–5.34 Tg C yr−1). During the study period, a total of 126 Tg carbon were removed by logging and land use change, and 50 Tg carbon were directly removed by wildland fires. For carbon pools, the estimated total living upper canopy (tree) biomass decreased from 928 to 834 Tg C, and the understory (including shrub and grass) biomass increased from 59 to 63 Tg C. Soil carbon and dead biomass carbon increased from 1136 to 1197 Tg C.
Our analyses suggest that both natural and human processes have significant influence on the carbon change in California. During 1951–2000, climate interannual variability was the key driving force for the large interannual changes of ecosystem carbon source and sink at the state level, while logging and fire were the dominant driving forces for carbon balances in several specific ecoregions. From a long-term perspective, CO2fertilization plays a key role in maintaining higher NPP. However, our study shows that the increase in C sequestration by CO2 fertilization is largely offset by logging/land use change and wildland fires.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.042","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Vogelmann, J., Zhu, Z., Key, C.H., Sleeter, B.M., Price, D., Chen, J.M., Cochrane, M.A., Eidenshink, J.C., Howard, S.M., Bliss, N.B., and Jiang, H., 2011, Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000: Ecological Modelling, v. 222, no. 14, p. 2333-2341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.042.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2333","endPage":"2341","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.042"}],"volume":"222","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0afce4b0c8380cd524f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":16604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Key, Carl H. carl_key@usgs.gov","contributorId":4138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"Carl","email":"carl_key@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":455065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Price, D.T.","contributorId":6651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chen, Jing M.","contributorId":202730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Jing","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cochrane, Mark A.","contributorId":20884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":455058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jiang, Hong","contributorId":175217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Hong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27538,"text":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210093","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70046613,"text":"70046613 - 2011 - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for Fanno Creek, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T08:40:30","indexId":"70046613","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for Fanno Creek, Oregon","docAbstract":"Fanno Creek is a tributary to the Tualatin River and flows though parts of the southwest Portland metropolitan area. The stream is heavily influenced by urban runoff and shows characteristic flashy streamflow and poor water quality commonly associated with urban streams. This data set represents the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), or \"greenness\" of the Fanno Creek floodplain study area. Aerial photography was used to isolate areas of vegetation based on comparing different bandwidths within the imagery. In this case, the NDVI is calculated as the quotient of the near infrared band minus the red band divided by the near infared plus the red band. NDVI = (NIR - R)/(NIR + R).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046613","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., 2011, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for Fanno Creek, Oregon, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046613.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273755,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/fannoCk_ndvi_09.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Fanno Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -129.351779,39.745375 ], [ -129.351779,55.265926 ], [ -109.448056,55.265926 ], [ -109.448056,39.745375 ], [ -129.351779,39.745375 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff3e4b0ee1529ed3d34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036989,"text":"70036989 - 2011 - Short- and long-term effects of fire on carbon in US dry temperate forest systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T16:46:26.184593","indexId":"70036989","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short- and long-term effects of fire on carbon in US dry temperate forest systems","docAbstract":"Forests sequester carbon from the atmosphere, and in so doing can mitigate the effects of climate change. Fire is a natural disturbance process in many forest systems that releases carbon back to the atmosphere. In dry temperate forests, fires historically burned with greater frequency and lower severity than they do today. Frequent fires consumed fuels on the forest floor and maintained open stand structures. Fire suppression has resulted in increased understory fuel loads and tree density; a change in structure that has caused a shift from low- to high-severity fires. More severe fires, resulting in greater tree mortality, have caused a decrease in forest carbon stability. Fire management actions can mitigate the risk of high-severity fires, but these actions often require a trade-off between maximizing carbon stocks and carbon stability. We discuss the effects of fire on forest carbon stocks and recommend that managing forests on the basis of their specific ecologies should be the foremost goal, with carbon sequestration being an ancillary benefit.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","doi":"10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.9","issn":"00063568","usgsCitation":"Hurteau, M.D., and Brooks, M.L., 2011, Short- and long-term effects of fire on carbon in US dry temperate forest systems: BioScience, v. 61, no. 2, p. 139-146, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"146","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217896,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.9"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ea6e4b08c986b318a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurteau, Matthew D.","contributorId":100660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurteau","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035780,"text":"70035780 - 2011 - Arsenic species in weathering mine tailings and biogenic solids at the Lava Cap Mine Superfund Site, Nevada City, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-17T16:08:24","indexId":"70035780","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1755,"text":"Geochemical Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic species in weathering mine tailings and biogenic solids at the Lava Cap Mine Superfund Site, Nevada City, CA","docAbstract":"Background
\nA realistic estimation of the health risk of human exposure to solid-phase arsenic (As) derived from historic mining operations is a major challenge to redevelopment of California's famed \"Mother Lode\" region. Arsenic, a known carcinogen, occurs in multiple solid forms that vary in bioaccessibility. X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS) was used to identify and quantify the forms of As in mine wastes and biogenic solids at the Lava Cap Mine Superfund (LCMS) site, a historic \"Mother Lode\" gold mine. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess variance within water chemistry, solids chemistry, and XAFS spectral datasets. Linear combination, least-squares fits constrained in part by PCA results were then used to quantify arsenic speciation in XAFS spectra of tailings and biogenic solids.
Results
\nThe highest dissolved arsenic concentrations were found in Lost Lake porewater and in a groundwater-fed pond in the tailings deposition area. Iron, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, specific conductivity, and As were the major variables in the water chemistry PCA. Arsenic was, on average, 14 times more concentrated in biologically-produced iron (hydr)oxide than in mine tailings. Phosphorous, manganese, calcium, aluminum, and As were the major variables in the solids chemistry PCA. Linear combination fits to XAFS spectra indicate that arsenopyrite (FeAsS), the dominant form of As in ore material, remains abundant (average: 65%) in minimally-weathered ore samples and water-saturated tailings at the bottom of Lost Lake. However, tailings that underwent drying and wetting cycles contain an average of only 30% arsenopyrite. The predominant products of arsenopyrite weathering were identified by XAFS to be As-bearing Fe (hydr)oxide and arseniosiderite (Ca2Fe(AsO4)3O3•3H2O). Existence of the former species is not in question, but the presence of the latter species was not confirmed by additional measurements, so its identification is less certain. The linear combination, least-squares fits totals of several samples deviate by more than ± 20% from 100%, suggesting that additional phases may be present that were not identified or evaluated in this study.
Conclusions
\nSub- to anoxic conditions minimize dissolution of arsenopyrite at the LCMS site, but may accelerate the dissolution of As-bearing secondary iron phases such as Fe3+-oxyhydroxides and arseniosiderite, if sufficient organic matter is present to spur anaerobic microbial activity. Oxidizing, dry conditions favor the stabilization of secondary phases, while promoting oxidative breakdown of the primary sulfides. The stability of both primary and secondary As phases is likely to be at a minimum under cyclic wet-dry conditions. Biogenic iron (hydr)oxide flocs can sequester significant amounts of arsenic; this property may be useful for treatment of perpetual sources of As such as mine adit water, but the fate of As associated with natural accumulations of floc material needs to be assessed.
The direction and magnitude of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes in response to climate change remain unclear and depend on the spatial distribution of SOC across landscapes. Uncertainties regarding the fate of SOC are greater in high-latitude systems where data are sparse and the soils are affected by sub-zero temperatures. To address these issues in Alaska, a first-order assessment of data gaps and spatial distributions of SOC was conducted from a recently compiled soil carbon database. Temperature and landform type were the dominant controls on SOC distribution for selected ecoregions. Mean SOC pools (to a depth of 1-m) varied by three, seven and ten-fold across ecoregion, landform, and ecosystem types, respectively. Climate interactions with landform type and SOC were greatest in the uplands. For upland SOC there was a six-fold non-linear increase in SOC with latitude (i.e., temperature) where SOC was lowest in the Intermontane Boreal compared to the Arctic Tundra and Coastal Rainforest. Additionally, in upland systems mineral SOC pools decreased as climate became more continental, suggesting that the lower productivity, higher decomposition rates and fire activity, common in continental climates, interacted to reduce mineral SOC. For lowland systems, in contrast, these interactions and their impacts on SOC were muted or absent making SOC in these environments more comparable across latitudes. Thus, the magnitudes of SOC change across temperature gradients were non-uniform and depended on landform type. Additional factors that appeared to be related to SOC distribution within ecoregions included stand age, aspect, and permafrost presence or absence in black spruce stands. Overall, these results indicate the influence of major interactions between temperature-controlled decomposition and topography on SOC in high-latitude systems. However, there remains a need for more SOC data from wetlands and boreal-region permafrost soils, especially at depths > 1 m in order to fully understand the effects of climate on soil carbon in Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.006","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., Harden, J., McGuire, A., Bliss, N., Bockheim, J.G., Clark, M., Nettleton-Hollingsworth, T., Jorgenson, M., Kane, E., Mack, M., O'Donnell, J., Ping, C., Schuur, E., Turetsky, M., and Valentine, D., 2011, Soil carbon distribution in Alaska in relation to soil-forming factors: Geoderma, v. 167-168, p. 71-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.006.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.006"}],"volume":"167-168","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91efe4b08c986b319bbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, K.D.","contributorId":92932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.","contributorId":43918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bliss, N.B. 0000-0003-2409-5211","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":104094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"N.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bockheim, James G.","contributorId":41948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bockheim","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clark, M.R.","contributorId":88135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nettleton-Hollingsworth, T.","contributorId":60087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nettleton-Hollingsworth","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jorgenson, M.T.","contributorId":26889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kane, E.S.","contributorId":42275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mack, M.","contributorId":71843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"O'Donnell, J.","contributorId":34785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ping, C.-L.","contributorId":60843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ping","given":"C.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schuur, E.A.G.","contributorId":106679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"E.A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Valentine, D.W.","contributorId":97157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70036461,"text":"70036461 - 2011 - Using luminescence dating of coarse matrix material to estimate the slip rate of the Astaneh fault, Iran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T16:36:48.835627","indexId":"70036461","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3216,"text":"Quaternary Geochronology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using luminescence dating of coarse matrix material to estimate the slip rate of the Astaneh fault, Iran","docAbstract":"In this paper, we present optically and infrared stimulated luminescence (OSL and IRSL) ages for four samples from alluvial fan surfaces in the Astaneh Valley. This valley is located in the north-east part of the Alborz range in Iran. Our morphologic interpretations recognize at least three generations of fans in the study area, all of which have been displaced along the left-lateral strike-slip Astaneh fault. Because of the dry, loose, and sometimes complex juxtaposition of the target sediments, we collected the samples in total darkness beneath dark plastic layers placed atop the pit openings. Luminescence ages of the fans are ∼55 ka, ∼32 ka and ∼16 ka. These ages are concurrent with periods of loess deposition and wet climatic conditions previously recorded in the Arabia-Iranian region. They allow estimation of a horizontal slip rate of ∼2 mm/yr along the Astaneh fault, which is consistent with additional slip rates determined for the Holocene period along faults further west of the Astaneh fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quageo.2011.03.001","issn":"18711014","usgsCitation":"Rizza, M., Mahan, S.A., Ritz, J., Nazari, H., Hollingsworth, J., and Salamati, R., 2011, Using luminescence dating of coarse matrix material to estimate the slip rate of the Astaneh fault, Iran: Quaternary Geochronology, v. 6, no. 3-4, p. 390-406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2011.03.001.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"406","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218470,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2011.03.001"}],"otherGeospatial":"Caspian Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 46.05468749999999,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n 55.01953125,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n 55.01953125,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n 46.05468749999999,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n 46.05468749999999,\n 36.31512514748051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc06ae4b08c986b32a0f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizza, M.","contributorId":35157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizza","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ritz, J.-F.","contributorId":105890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritz","given":"J.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nazari, H.","contributorId":78993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nazari","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hollingsworth, J.","contributorId":12334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollingsworth","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Salamati, R.","contributorId":56931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salamati","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70043634,"text":"70043634 - 2011 - Marine Habitat Use by Anadromous Bull Trout from the Skagit River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T11:10:39","indexId":"70043634","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine Habitat Use by Anadromous Bull Trout from the Skagit River, Washington","docAbstract":"Acoustic telemetry was used to describe fish positions and marine habitat use by tagged bull trout Salvelinus confluentus from the Skagit River, Washington. In March and April 2006, 20 fish were captured and tagged in the lower Skagit River, while 15 fish from the Swinomish Channel were tagged during May and June. Sixteen fish tagged in 2004 and 2005 were also detected during the study. Fish entered Skagit Bay from March to May and returned to the river from May to August. The saltwater residency for the 13 fish detected during the out-migration and return migration ranged from 36 to 133 d (mean ± SD, 75 ± 22 d). Most bull trout were detected less than 14 km (8.5 ± 4.4 km) from the Skagit River, and several bay residents used the Swinomish Channel while migrating. The bull trout detected in the bay were associated with the shoreline (distance from shore, 0.32 ± 0.27 km) and occupied shallow-water habitats (mean water column depth, <4.0 m). The modified-minimum convex polygons (MMCPs) used to describe the habitats used by 14 bay fish showed that most areas were less than 1,000 ha. The mean length of the shoreline bordering the MMCPs was 2.8 km (range, 0.01–5.7 km) for bay fish and 0.6 km for 2 channel residents. Coastal deposits, low banks, and sediment bluffs were common shoreline classes found within the MMCPs of bay fish, while modified shoreline classes usually included concrete bulkheads and riprap. Mixed fines, mixed coarse sediments, and sand were common substrate classes found within MMCPs; green algae and eelgrass (Zostera sp.) vegetation classes made up more than 70% of the area used by bull trout. Our results will help managers identify specific nearshore areas that may require further protection to sustain the unique anadromous life history of bull trout.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2011.640893","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.C., Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R., Goetz, F.A., Jeanes, E., and McBride, A., 2011, Marine Habitat Use by Anadromous Bull Trout from the Skagit River, Washington: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 3, no. 1, p. 394-410, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2011.640893.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"17","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020827","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2011.640893","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268353,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2011.640893"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Skagit Bay;Skagit River;Swinomish Channel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.597466,48.247083 ], [ -122.597466,48.470645 ], [ -122.334824,48.470645 ], [ -122.334824,48.247083 ], [ -122.597466,48.247083 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6645e4b0b29085100a22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Steve P. 0000-0003-3054-7173 srubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":3018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Steve","email":"srubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald","contributorId":29903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goetz, Fred A.","contributorId":53261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jeanes, Eric","contributorId":71081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeanes","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McBride, Aundrea","contributorId":88630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Aundrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034126,"text":"70034126 - 2011 - Viral replication in excised fin tissues (VREFT) corresponds with prior exposure of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034126","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viral replication in excised fin tissues (VREFT) corresponds with prior exposure of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)","docAbstract":"Procedures for a viral replication in excised fin tissue (VREFT) assay were adapted to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, and optimized both to reduce processing time and to provide the greatest resolution between na??ve herring and those previously exposed to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), Genogroup IVa. The optimized procedures included removal of the left pectoral fin from a euthanized fish, inoculation of the fin with >105 plaque-forming units (PFU) mL-1 VHSV for 1 h, rinsing the fin in fresh medium six times to remove unadsorbed virions, incubation of the fin in fresh medium for 4 days and enumeration of the viral titre in a sample of the incubation medium by plaque assay. The optimized VREFT assay was effective at identifying the prior exposure history of laboratory-reared Pacific herring to VHSV. The geometric mean VREFT value was significantly greater (P < 0.01) among na??ve herring (1.2 ?? 103 PFU mL-1) than among groups that survived exposure to VHSV (1.0-2.9 ?? 102 PFU mL-1); additionally, the proportion of cultures with no detectable virus was significantly greater (P = 0.0002) among fish that survived exposure to VHSV (39-47%) than among na??ve fish (3.3%). The optimized VREFT assay demonstrates promise for identifying VHSV exposure history and forecasting disease potential in populations of wild Pacific herring. ?? 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01210.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Grady, C., Gregg, J., Wade, R., Winton, J., and Hershberger, P., 2011, Viral replication in excised fin tissues (VREFT) corresponds with prior exposure of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV): Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 34, no. 1, p. 3-12, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01210.x.","startPage":"3","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216814,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01210.x"},{"id":244708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc270e4b08c986b32ab43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grady, C.A.","contributorId":7929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregg, J.L.","contributorId":78521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wade, R.M.","contributorId":39218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hershberger, P.K. 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":58818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033995,"text":"70033995 - 2011 - Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-30T19:19:43","indexId":"70033995","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA","docAbstract":"Nucleospora salmonis is an intranuclear microsporidian that primarily infects lymphoblast cells and contributes to chronic lymphoblastosis and a leukemia-like condition in a range of salmonid species. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of N. salmonis in out-migrating juvenile hatchery and wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss from the Snake River in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. To achieve this goal, we first addressed the following concerns about current molecular diagnostic tests for N. salmonis: (1) nonspecific amplification patterns by the published nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) test, (2) incomplete validation of the published quantitative PCR (qPCR) test, and (3) whether N. salmonis can be detected reliably from nonlethal samples. Here, we present an optimized nPCR protocol that eliminates nonspecific amplification. During validation of the published qPCR test, our laboratory developed a second qPCR test that targeted a different gene sequence and used different probe chemistry for comparison purposes. We simultaneously evaluated the two different qPCR tests for N. salmonis and found that both assays were highly specific, sensitive, and repeatable. The nPCR and qPCR tests had good overall concordance when DNA samples derived from both apparently healthy and clinically diseased hatchery rainbow trout were tested. Finally, we demonstrated that gill snips were a suitable tissue for nonlethal detection of N. salmonis DNA in juvenile salmonids. Monitoring of juvenile salmonid fish in the Snake River over a 3-year period revealed low prevalence of N. salmonis in hatchery and wild Chinook salmon and wild steelhead but significantly higher prevalence in hatchery-derived steelhead. Routine monitoring of N. salmonis is not performed for all hatchery steelhead populations. At present, the possible contribution of this pathogen to delayed mortality of steelhead has not been determined.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/08997659.2011.559418","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Badil, S., Elliott, D.G., Kurobe, T., Hedrick, R.P., Clemens, K., Blair, M., and Purcell, M., 2011, Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 23, no. 1, p. 19-29, https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2011.559418.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216776,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2011.559418"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80fe4b0c8380cd4ce67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Badil, Samantha","contributorId":63241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badil","given":"Samantha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurobe, Tomofumi","contributorId":97741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurobe","given":"Tomofumi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hedrick, Ronald P.","contributorId":86999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clemens, Kathy","contributorId":78172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blair, Marilyn","contributorId":44388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"Marilyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K.","contributorId":104214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034009,"text":"70034009 - 2011 - Intercolony variation in growth of black brant goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T13:30:40","indexId":"70034009","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercolony variation in growth of black brant goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recent declines in black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) are likely the result of low recruitment. In geese, recruitment is strongly affected by habitat conditions experienced by broods because gosling growth rates are indicative of forage conditions during brood rearing and strongly influence future survival and productivity. In 2006–2008, we studied gosling growth at 3 of the 4 major colonies on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Estimates of age‐adjusted gosling mass at the 2 southern colonies (approx. 30% of the world population of breeding black brant) was low (gosling mass at 30.5 days ranged 346.7 ± 42.5 g to 627.1 ± 15.9 g) in comparison to a third colony (gosling mass at 30.5 days ranged 640.0 ± 8.3 g to 821.6 ± 13.6 g) and to most previous estimates of age‐adjusted mass of brant goslings. Thus, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that poor gosling growth is negatively influencing the brant population. There are 2 non‐mutually exclusive explanations for the apparent growth rates we observed. First, the population decline may have been caused by density‐independent factors and habitat capacity has declined along with the population as a consequence of the unique foraging feedback between brant and their grazing habitats. Alternatively, a reduction in habitat capacity, as a result of changes to the grazing system, may have negatively influenced gosling growth, which is contributing to the overall long‐term population decline. We found support for both explanations. For colonies over habitat capacity we recommend management to enhance foraging habitat, whereas for colonies below habitat capacity we recommend management to increase nesting productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.24","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Fondell, T., Flint, P.L., Sedinger, J., Nicolai, C., and Schamber, J., 2011, Intercolony variation in growth of black brant goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 101-108, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.24.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.24"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf0e4b0c8380cd63182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, J.S.","contributorId":75471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nicolai, C.A.","contributorId":17420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolai","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schamber, J.L.","contributorId":92012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034016,"text":"70034016 - 2011 - Determinants of fish assemblage structure in Northwestern Great Plains streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034016","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determinants of fish assemblage structure in Northwestern Great Plains streams","docAbstract":"Prairie streams are known for their harsh and stochastic physical conditions, and the fish assemblages therein have been shown to be temporally variable. We assessed the spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblage structure in five intermittent, adventitious northwestern Great Plains streams representing a gradient of watershed areas. Fish assemblages and abiotic conditions varied more spatially than temporally. The most important variables explaining fish assemblage structure were longitudinal position and the proportion of fine substrates. The proportion of fine substrates increased proceeding upstream, approaching 100% in all five streams, and species richness declined upstream with increasing fine substrates. High levels of fine substrate in the upper reaches appeared to limit the distribution of obligate lithophilic fish species to reaches further downstream. Species richness and substrates were similar among all five streams at the lowermost and uppermost sites. However, in the middle reaches, species richness increased, the amount of fine substrate decreased, and connectivity increased as watershed area increased. Season and some dimensions of habitat (including thalweg depth, absolute distance to the main-stem river, and watershed size) were not essential in explaining the variation in fish assemblages. Fish species richness varied more temporally than overall fish assemblage structure did because common species were consistently abundant across seasons, whereas rare species were sometimes absent or perhaps not detected by sampling. The similarity in our results among five streams varying in watershed size and those from other studies supports the generalization that spatial variation exceeds temporal variation in the fish assemblages of prairie and warmwater streams. Furthermore, given longitudinal position, substrate, and stream size, general predictions regarding fish assemblage structure and function in prairie streams are possible. ?? American Fisheries Society 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.564069","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Mullen, J., Bramblett, R., Guy, C., Zale, A., and Roberts, D., 2011, Determinants of fish assemblage structure in Northwestern Great Plains streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 2, p. 271-281, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.564069.","startPage":"271","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216598,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.564069"},{"id":244478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff82e4b0c8380cd4f21b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullen, J.A.","contributorId":95302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullen","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bramblett, R.G.","contributorId":76576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bramblett","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zale, A.V.","contributorId":15793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, D.W.","contributorId":11828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032394,"text":"70032394 - 2011 - Inversion of ground-motion data from a seismometer array for rotation using a modification of Jaeger's method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T09:45:16","indexId":"70032394","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inversion of ground-motion data from a seismometer array for rotation using a modification of Jaeger's method","docAbstract":"We develop a new way to invert 2D translational waveforms using Jaeger's (1969) formula to derive rotational ground motions about one axis and estimate the errors in them using techniques from statistical multivariate analysis. This procedure can be used to derive rotational ground motions and strains using arrayed translational data, thus providing an efficient way to calibrate the performance of rotational sensors. This approach does not require a priori information about the noise level of the translational data and elastic properties of the media. This new procedure also provides estimates of the standard deviations of the derived rotations and strains. In this study, we validated this code using synthetic translational waveforms from a seismic array. The results after the inversion of the synthetics for rotations were almost identical with the results derived using a well-tested inversion procedure by Spudich and Fletcher (2009). This new 2D procedure can be applied three times to obtain the full, three-component rotations. Additional modifications can be implemented to the code in the future to study different features of the rotational ground motions and strains induced by the passage of seismic waves.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120100204","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Chi, W., Lee, W., Aston, J., Lin, C., and Liu, C., 2011, Inversion of ground-motion data from a seismometer array for rotation using a modification of Jaeger's method: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 6, p. 3105-3109, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100204.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3105","endPage":"3109","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-022928","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213877,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120100204"},{"id":241543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e53e4b0c8380cd63ca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chi, Wu-Cheng","contributorId":26148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chi","given":"Wu-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aston, J.A.D.","contributorId":55650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aston","given":"J.A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lin, C.J.","contributorId":99385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, C.-C.","contributorId":89662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.-C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034018,"text":"70034018 - 2011 - Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034018","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1012,"text":"Biogeosciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre","docAbstract":"Labile Fe(II) distributions were investigated in the Sub-Tropical South Atlantic and the Southern Ocean during the BONUS-GoodHope cruise from 34 to 57?? S (February-March 2008). Concentrations ranged from below the detection limit (0.009 nM) to values as high as 0.125 nM. In the surface mixed layer, labile Fe(II) concentrations were always higher than the detection limit, with values higher than 0.060 nM south of 47?? S, representing between 39% and 63% of dissolved Fe (DFe). Biological production was evidenced. At intermediate depth, local maxima were observed, with the highest values in the Sub-Tropical domain at around 200 m, and represented more than 70% of DFe. Remineralization processes were likely responsible for those sub-surface maxima. Below 1500 m, concentrations were close to or below the detection limit, except at two stations (at the vicinity of the Agulhas ridge and in the north of the Weddell Sea Gyre) where values remained as high as ???0.030-0.050 nM. Hydrothermal or sediment inputs may provide Fe(II) to these deep waters. Fe(II) half life times (t1/2) at 4 ??C were measured in the upper and deep waters and ranged from 2.9 to 11.3 min, and from 10.0 to 72.3 min, respectively. Measured values compared quite well in the upper waters with theoretical values from two published models, but not in the deep waters. This may be due to the lack of knowledge for some parameters in the models and/or to organic complexation of Fe(II) that impact its oxidation rates. This study helped to considerably increase the Fe(II) data set in the Ocean and to better understand the Fe redox cycle. ?? 2011 Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/bgd-8-4163-2011","issn":"18106277","usgsCitation":"Sarthou, G., Bucciarelli, E., Chever, F., Hansard, S., Gonzalez-Davila, M., Santana-Casiano, J.M., Planchon, F., and Speich, S., 2011, Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre: Biogeosciences Discussions, v. 8, no. 2, p. 4163-4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-4163-2011.","startPage":"4163","endPage":"4208","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475396,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-4163-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216628,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-4163-2011"},{"id":244509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40f7e4b0c8380cd651bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarthou, G.","contributorId":62434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarthou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucciarelli, E.","contributorId":49631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucciarelli","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chever, F.","contributorId":44383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chever","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansard, S.P.","contributorId":19391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansard","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gonzalez-Davila, M.","contributorId":7532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez-Davila","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Santana-Casiano, J. M.","contributorId":36386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santana-Casiano","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Planchon, F.","contributorId":50755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planchon","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Speich, S.","contributorId":69816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speich","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034020,"text":"70034020 - 2011 - Spatiotemporal distribution and population characteristicsof a nonnative lake trout population, with implications for suppression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034020","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal distribution and population characteristicsof a nonnative lake trout population, with implications for suppression","docAbstract":"We evaluated the distribution and population characteristics of nonnative lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake McDonald,Glacier National Park,Montana, to provide biological data in support of a potential suppression program. Using ultrasonic telemetry, we identified spatial and temporal distribution patterns by tracking 36 adult lake trout (1,137 relocations). Lake trout rarely occupied depths greater than 30 m and were commonly located in the upper hypolimnion directly below the metalimnion during thermal stratification. After breakdown of themetalimnion in the fall, lake trout primarily aggregated at two spawning sites. Lake trout population characteristics were similar to those of populations within the species' native range. However, lake trout in Lake McDonald exhibited lower total annual mortality (13.2%), latermaturity (age 12 formales, age 15 for females), lower body condition, and slower growth than are typically observed in the southern extent of their range. These results will be useful in determining where to target suppression activities (e.g., gillnetting, trap-netting, or electrofishing) and in evaluating responses to suppression efforts. Similar evaluations of lake trout distribution patterns and population characteristics are recommended to increase the likelihood that suppression programs will succeed. ?? American Fisheries Society 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.562765","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Dux, A., Guy, C., and Fredenberg, W., 2011, Spatiotemporal distribution and population characteristicsof a nonnative lake trout population, with implications for suppression: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 2, p. 187-196, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.562765.","startPage":"187","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216655,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.562765"},{"id":244539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c9e4b08c986b31ac4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dux, A.M.","contributorId":74598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dux","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredenberg, W.A.","contributorId":53196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredenberg","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034022,"text":"70034022 - 2011 - A conduit dilation model of methane venting from lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T10:58:14","indexId":"70034022","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A conduit dilation model of methane venting from lake sediments","docAbstract":"Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, but its effects on Earth's climate remain poorly constrained, in part due to uncertainties in global methane fluxes to the atmosphere. An important source of atmospheric methane is the methane generated in organic-rich sediments underlying surface water bodies, including lakes, wetlands, and the ocean. The fraction of the methane that reaches the atmosphere depends critically on the mode and spatiotemporal characteristics of free-gas venting from the underlying sediments. Here we propose that methane transport in lake sediments is controlled by dynamic conduits, which dilate and release gas as the falling hydrostatic pressure reduces the effective stress below the tensile strength of the sediments. We test our model against a four-month record of hydrostatic load and methane flux in Upper Mystic Lake, Mass., USA, and show that it captures the complex episodicity of methane ebullition. Our quantitative conceptualization opens the door to integrated modeling of methane transport to constrain global methane release from lakes and other shallow-water, organic-rich sediment systems, and to assess its climate feedbacks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2011GL046768","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Scandella, B., Varadharajan, C., Hemond, H.F., Ruppel, C., and Juanes, R., 2011, A conduit dilation model of methane venting from lake sediments: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 6, L06408, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046768.","productDescription":"L06408","costCenters":[{"id":679,"text":"Woods Hole Field Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475237,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66600","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216685,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046768"},{"id":244570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e396e4b0c8380cd460f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scandella, B.P.","contributorId":84595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scandella","given":"B.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varadharajan, C.","contributorId":67328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varadharajan","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemond, Harold F.","contributorId":34673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemond","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Juanes, R.","contributorId":86595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juanes","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034067,"text":"70034067 - 2011 - Bird community response to filter strips in Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034067","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird community response to filter strips in Maryland","docAbstract":"Filter strips are strips of herbaceous vegetation planted along agricultural field margins adjacent to streams or wetlands and are designed to intercept sediment, nutrients, and agrichemicals. Roughly 16,000 ha of filter strips have been established in Maryland through the United States Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program. Filter strips often represent the only uncultivated herbaceous areas on farmland in Maryland and therefore may be important habitat for early-successional bird species. Most filter strips in Maryland are planted to either native warm-season grasses or cool-season grasses and range in width from 10.7 m to 91.4 m. From 2004 to 2007 we studied the breeding and wintering bird communities in filter strips adjacent to wooded edges and non-buffered field edges and the effect that grass type and width of filter strips had on bird community composition. We used 5 bird community metrics (total bird density, species richness, scrub-shrub bird density, grassland bird density, and total avian conservation value), species-specific densities, nest densities, and nest survival estimates to assess the habitat value of filter strips for birds. Breeding and wintering bird community metrics were greater in filter strips than in non-buffered field edges but did not differ between cool-season and warm-season grass filter strips. Most breeding bird community metrics were negatively related to the percent cover of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) in ???1 yr. Breeding bird density was greater in narrow (<30 m) compared to wide (>60 m) filter strips. Our results suggest that narrow filter strips adjacent to wooded edges can provide habitat for many bird species but that wide filter strips provide better habitat for grassland birds, particularly obligate grassland species. If bird conservation is an objective, avoid planting orchardgrass in filter strips and reduce or eliminate orchardgrass from filter strips through management practices. Copyright ?? 2011 The Wildlife Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.3","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Blank, P., Dively, G., Gill, D., and Rewa, C., 2011, Bird community response to filter strips in Maryland: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 116-125, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.3.","startPage":"116","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216839,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.3"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1abe4b0c8380cd4ad8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blank, P.J.","contributorId":22176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dively, G.P.","contributorId":18604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dively","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, D.E.","contributorId":104735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rewa, C.A.","contributorId":60884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rewa","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032393,"text":"70032393 - 2011 - Measurements of Martian dust devil winds with HiRISE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T15:46:34","indexId":"70032393","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurements of Martian dust devil winds with HiRISE","docAbstract":"We report wind measurements within Martian dust devils observed in plan view from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) orbiting Mars. The central color swath of the HiRISE instrument has three separate charge‐coupled devices (CCDs) and color filters that observe the surface in rapid cadence. Active features, such as dust devils, appear in motion when observed by this region of the instrument. Our image animations reveal clear circulatory motion within dust devils that is separate from their translational motion across the Martian surface. Both manual and automated tracking of dust devil clouds reveal tangential winds that approach 20–30 m s−1 in some cases. These winds are sufficient to induce a ∼1% decrease in atmospheric pressure within the dust devil core relative to ambient, facilitating dust lifting by reducing the threshold wind speed for particle elevation. Finally, radial velocity profiles constructed from our automated measurements test the Rankine vortex model for dust devil structure. Our profiles successfully reveal the solid body rotation component in the interior, but fail to conclusively illuminate the profile in the outer regions of the vortex. One profile provides evidence for a velocity decrease as a function of r−1/2, instead of r−1, suggestive of surface friction effects. However, other profiles do not support this observation, or do not contain enough measurements to produce meaningful insights.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049806","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Choi, D., and Dundas, C.M., 2011, Measurements of Martian dust devil winds with HiRISE: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 24, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049806.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487058,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049806","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049806"}],"volume":"38","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5325e4b0c8380cd6c8df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, D.S.","contributorId":86180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}