Experimental investigations confirm an increase of quartz solubility in sea-water relative to distilled water. Combination of the experimental data with published data, most of which related to distilled water, permitted construction of a database for calculating an equation that fits all the data. Application of the equation indicates a shallower depth of circulation for sea- floor hydrothermal waters than has previously been calculated. Use of the equation as a quartz geothermometer-geobarometer has applications not only for hydrothermal sea-water systems, but also for other geothermal and geological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.291.10.977","usgsCitation":"Von Damm, K., Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1991, Quartz solubility in hydrothermal seawater: An experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M NaCl solutions: American Journal of Science, v. 291, p. 977-1007, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.291.10.977.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"1007","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.291.10.977","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":400434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"291","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Von Damm, K. 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Regardless of method, nearly all studies found a similar nonlinear relation of recreation to flow, with quality increasing with flow to a point, and then decreasing for further increases in flow. Points of minimum, optimum, and maximum flow differ across rivers and activities. Knowledge of the effects of streamflow on recreation, for the variety of relevant activities and skill levels, is an important ingredient in the determination of wise streamflow policies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb03147.x","usgsCitation":"Brown, T.C., Taylor, J.G., and Shelby, B., 1991, Assessing the direct effects of streamflow on recreation: a literature review: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 27, no. 6, p. 979-989, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb03147.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"979","endPage":"989","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294091,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb03147.x"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf41ae4b0e96537ddf62f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Thomas C.","contributorId":69491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Jonathan G.","contributorId":37378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelby, Bo","contributorId":30925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelby","given":"Bo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001364,"text":"1001364 - 1991 - Standing crops and ecology of aquatic invertebrates in agricultural drainwater ponds in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T17:46:32.160023","indexId":"1001364","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standing crops and ecology of aquatic invertebrates in agricultural drainwater ponds in California","docAbstract":"We examined standing crops and ecology of aquatic invertebrates in agricultural drainwater evaporation ponds in California from October 1982 to March 1983 and September 1983 to March 1984. Evaporation ponds supported low diversities but high standing crops of aquatic invertebrates. A water boatman (Trichocorixa reticulata) and a midge (Tanypus grodhausi) were the most abundant invertebrates, constituting 44.9% and 51.4% of total macroinvertebrate biomass. Regression models indicated that of 6 environmental variables measured, only electrical conductivity (EC) and Julian date affected biomass and density of water boatmen. EC was the only significant correlate of midge biomass in evaporation ponds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03160848","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N., Jarvis, R.L., and Gilmer, D., 1991, Standing crops and ecology of aquatic invertebrates in agricultural drainwater ponds in California: Wetlands, v. 11, no. 2, p. 179-190, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160848.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"190","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.93405058242053,\n 42.159006210794274\n ],\n [\n -124.21732752116968,\n 37.88739714007802\n ],\n [\n -119.84880348632399,\n 32.389137747760856\n ],\n [\n -114.35310679827018,\n 32.67493824208495\n ],\n [\n -114.70536852979009,\n 33.28416766710367\n ],\n [\n -114.11087114275335,\n 34.36900887525026\n ],\n [\n -114.60941582247216,\n 34.914984018682425\n ],\n [\n -119.86963161308127,\n 38.8805300223285\n ],\n [\n -119.95227994676767,\n 42.037931749020004\n ],\n [\n -124.93405058242053,\n 42.159006210794274\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6964e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, N.H. 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Both basins and the intervening Findlay arch express the tectonic and sedimentational effects of foreland compression and isostatic compensation produced by the Acadian orogeny. The Late Devonian Michigan Basin formed as one of several local deeps within the long Eastern Interior seaway that separated the North American craton, backboned by the Transcontinental arch, on the west from the Old Red continent, Avalon terrane (microplate), and possibly northwest Africa on the east. Basin development began in the late Middle Devonian (late Givetian varcus Zone) with subsidence of a shallow-water carbonate platform formed by rocks of the Traverse Group. Subsidence was contemporaneous with Taghanic onlap of the North American craton. During subsidence, a thin transitional sequence of increasingly deeper water limestones separated by hardgrounds was deposited in the incipient Michigan Basin during the latest Givetian to earliest Frasnian disparilis to falsiovalis Zones. Deposition of this sequence culminated during the early Frasnian transitans Zone with a calcareous mudstone bed at the top of the Squaw Bay Limestone. Subsidence was followed by a 12-m.y.-long Late Devonian episode of slow, hemipelagic, basinal sedimentation of organic black muds that formed the Antrim Shale, interrupted basinwide only by deposition of its prodeltaic Paxton Member. Westward, the basinal Antrim black muds intertongued with greenish gray, deltaic and prodeltaic muds of an eastward-prograding delta platform formed by the Ellsworth Shale. Basinal black shale deposition ceased in latest Devonian (late Famennian Lower praesulcata Zone) time, when the Bedford deltaic complex prograded westward, completely filling the Antrim Basin and even covering part of the older Ellsworth deltaic complex on the west. As sea level was lowered eustatically near the end of the Devonian, the regressive Berea Sandstone terminated deltaic deposition. After an Early Mississippian erosional episode, widespread deposition of the unconformably overlying Lower Mississippian Sunbury Shale began during the next transgression, associated with a major eustatic rise in the Lower crenulata Zone.
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\"}}]}","volume":"256","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutschick, R.C.","contributorId":23277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutschick","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206857,"text":"70206857 - 1991 - Upper Devonian biostratigraphy of Michigan Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T14:11:07.770786","indexId":"70206857","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-25T12:48:30","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Devonian biostratigraphy of Michigan Basin","docAbstract":"The Late Devonian Michigan Basin was floored by the Middle and Upper Devonian Squaw Bay Limestone, which was deposited during the downwarping that produced the basin within a former Middle Devonian carbonate platform. The Squaw Bay comprises three beds, each having a different conodont fauna. The two upper beds, deposited during the transitans Zone, have different conodont biofacies that reflect this deepening. The basin was largely filled by the deep-water, anaerobic to dysaerobic, organic-rich, black Antrim Shale, which has a facies relationship with the prodeltaic, greenish gray Ellsworth Shale that prograded into the basin from the west. The Upper Devonian (Frasnian to Famennian) Antrim Shale is divided into four members, from base to top: the Norwood, Paxton, Lachine, and upper members. These members are more or less precisely dated by conodonts. The Norwood was deposited during the transitans Zone to Ancyrognathus triangularis Zone, and the Paxton was deposited from that zone probably through the linguiformis Zone at the end of the Frasnian. The overlying Lachine was deposited during the early Famennian and has yielded faunas of the Upper crepida and Lower rhomboidea Zones. Only the lower part of the upper member is exposed, and near Norwood, Michigan, it yielded conodonts of the Lower marginifera Zone. The widespread Famennian floating plant Protosalvinia (Foerstia) has not yet been found in outcrops of the Antrim, and should not be expected to occur except in the upper member or highest part of the Lachine Member. Its range in terms of conodont zones is from the Upper trachytera Zone through the Lower expansa Zone and possibly into the Middle expansa Zone. One known subsurface occurrence might be datable as rhomboidea or Lower marginifera Zone, depending on gamma ray correlations to outcrops. Black shale deposition ended when the Late Devonian mud delta of the Bedford Shale prograded across the Michigan Basin from the east and then retreated as the regressive Berea Sandstone was being deposited during the major eustatic sea-level fall that ended the Devonian. The Bedford was deposited during the Upper expansa to Lower praesulcata Zones, and the Berea was deposited during the Middle to Upper praesulcata Zones. Both formations contain the spore Retispora lepidophyta, which is a global indicator of latest Devonian age.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE256-p155","usgsCitation":"Gutschick, R., and Sandberg, C., 1991, Upper Devonian biostratigraphy of Michigan Basin: GSA Special Papers, v. 256, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE256-p155.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"179","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Michigan 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\"}}]}","volume":"256","edition":"155","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutschick, R.C.","contributorId":23277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutschick","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125980,"text":"70125980 - 1991 - Sampling methods for amphibians in streams in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:46:52","indexId":"70125980","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-01T14:05:04","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Sampling methods for amphibians in streams in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"Methods describing how to sample aquatic and semiaquatic amphibians in small streams and headwater habitats in the Pacific Northwest are presented. We developed a technique that samples 10-meter stretches of selected streams, which was adequate to detect presence or absence of amphibian species and provided sample sizes statistically sufficient to compare abundance of individual species among streams. Physical and biological parameters of stream are described as well as ways to collect amphibians effectively. The system can be modified for use in a variety of waterways and for different study objectives. We provide recommendations for improvements on future studies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Bury, R.B., and Corn, P., 1991, Sampling methods for amphibians in streams in the Pacific Northwest, 29 p.","productDescription":"29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf453e4b0e96537ddf85a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170252,"text":"70170252 - 1991 - Ground water impacts from irrigated ridge tillage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:23:28","indexId":"70170252","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-01T13:45:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground water impacts from irrigated ridge tillage","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Irrigation and Drainage---1991 National Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 22-26, 1991, Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Irrigation and Drainage---1991 National Conference","conferenceDate":"July 22-26, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers, Irrigation & Drainage Division","usgsCitation":"Anderson, H.W., Dowdy, R., and Delin, G., 1991, Ground water impacts from irrigated ridge tillage, in Irrigation and Drainage---1991 National Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 22-26, 1991, Proceedings, Honolulu, HI, July 22-26, 1991, p. 604-611.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"604","endPage":"611","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f6db4e4b0ef3b7ca35686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, H. W. Jr.","contributorId":11187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowdy, R.H.","contributorId":92275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowdy","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203805,"text":"70203805 - 1991 - Nutrient limitation of clutch size in waterfowl: Is there a universal hypothesis?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-13T12:44:31","indexId":"70203805","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-01T12:40:40","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient limitation of clutch size in waterfowl: Is there a universal hypothesis?","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press for American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/3247742","usgsCitation":"Drobney, R., 1991, Nutrient limitation of clutch size in waterfowl: Is there a universal hypothesis?: Condor, v. 93, no. 4, p. 1026-1028, https://doi.org/10.2307/3247742.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1026","endPage":"1028","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":364641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drobney, R.D.","contributorId":26827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobney","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221095,"text":"5221095 - 1991 - Lead toxicosis in tundra swans near a mining and smelting complex in northern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T17:55:55.878649","indexId":"5221095","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-01T12:18:12","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead toxicosis in tundra swans near a mining and smelting complex in northern Idaho","docAbstract":"Die-offs of waterfowl have occurred in the Coeur d'Alene River system in northern Idaho since at least the early 1900's. We investigated causes of mortality and lead and cadmium contamination of 46 tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) from 1987 to 1989; an additional 22 swans found dead in 1990 were not examined. We necropsied 43 of the 46 birds found from 1987 to 1989; 38 of these were from the Coeur d'Alene River system, which has been contaminated with mining and smelting wastes for a century, and the other 5 were from a nearby, relatively uncontaminated area. Of the 36 livers of swans from the contaminated area that were analyzed, 32 contained lethal levels of lead (6 to 40 μg/g, wet weight) and all birds exhibited several symptoms of lead poisoning, notably enlarged gall bladders containing viscous, dark-green bile. Only 13% of the lead-poisoned birds (10% when data were included from other studies of swans in the area) contained shot, compared to 95% of lead-poisoned swans in studies outside northern Idaho. Lead concentrations in blood samples from 16 apparently healthy swans (0.5 to 2.3 μg/g, and 4 lead-poisoned birds found moribund (1.3 to 9.6 μg/g) indicated that tundra swans accumulated high levels of lead from ingestion of sediment that contained up to 8,700 μg/g of lead and plants that contained up to 400 μg/g. The swans spend only a few weeks in the area staging during the spring migration. The five tundra swans from the uncontaminated area had low levels of lead and essentially no symptoms of lead poisoning. Based on the conventional standard of 0.5 μg/g in whole blood as an indicator of lead poisoning, all of the swans in the Coeur d'Alene River system were either lead-poisoned or at risk of developing plumbism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01183877","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., Hoffman, D.J., and Grove, R.A., 1991, Lead toxicosis in tundra swans near a mining and smelting complex in northern Idaho: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 549-555, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01183877.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"555","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.98399410932898,\n 47.75501060734919\n ],\n [\n -116.98399410932898,\n 47.31907945124988\n ],\n [\n -116.046399574322,\n 47.31907945124988\n ],\n [\n -116.046399574322,\n 47.75501060734919\n ],\n [\n -116.98399410932898,\n 47.75501060734919\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, Lawrence J.","contributorId":35199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":333023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":333024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70126473,"text":"70126473 - 1991 - Role of exposure mode in the bioavailability of triphenyl phosphate to aquatic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T16:10:46","indexId":"70126473","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-01T11:53:47","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of exposure mode in the bioavailability of triphenyl phosphate to aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the role of the route of triphenyl phosphate (TPP) entry on its aquatic bioavailability and acute biological effects. Three TPP treatments were used for exposures of fish and invertebrates. These consisted of TPP dosed directly into water with and without clean sediment and TPP spiked onto sediment prior to aqueous exposures. Results of static acute toxicity tests (no sediment) were 0.78 mg/L (96-h LC50) for bluegill, 0.36 mg/L (48-h EC50) for midge, and 0.25 mg/L (96-h EC50) for scud. At 24 h, the sediment (1.1% organic carbon)/water partition coefficient (Kp) for TPP was 112. Use of this partition coefficient model to predict the sediment-mediated reduction of TPP concentration in water during toxicity tests resulted in a value that was only 10% less than the nominal value. However, the required nominal concentration of TPP to cause acute toxicity responses in test organisms was significantly higher than the predicted value by the model for both clay and soil-derived sediment. Direct spiking of TPP to soil minimized TPP bioavailability. Data from parallel experiments designed to track TPP residues in water through time suggest that sorption kinetics control residue bioavailability in the initial 24 h of exposure and may account for observed differences in LC50 and EC50 values from the sediment treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/BF01183868","usgsCitation":"Huckins, J.N., Fairchild, J.F., and Boyle, T., 1991, Role of exposure mode in the bioavailability of triphenyl phosphate to aquatic organisms: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 481-485, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01183868.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294326,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183868"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb2ee4b08312ac7cf0c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairchild, James F. jfairchild@usgs.gov","contributorId":492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James","email":"jfairchild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, Terence P.","contributorId":85214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Terence P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126465,"text":"70126465 - 1991 - A modeling assessment of the thermal regime for an urban sport fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T11:24:46","indexId":"70126465","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-01T11:21:06","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modeling assessment of the thermal regime for an urban sport fishery","docAbstract":"Water temperature is almost certainly a limiting factor in the maintenance of a self-sustaining rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, formerly Salmo gairdneri) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) fishery in the lower reaches of the Cache la Poudre River near Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. Irrigation diversions dewater portions of the river, but cold reservoir releases moderate water temperatures during some periods. The US Fish and Wildlife Service’s Stream Network Temperature Model (SNTEMP) was applied to a 31-km segment of the river using readily available stream geometry and hydrological and meteorological data. The calibrated model produced satisfactory water temperature predictions (R2=0.88,P<0.001, N=49) for a 62-day summer period. It was used to evaluate a variety of flow and nonflow alternatives to keep water temperatures below 23.3°C for the trout. Supplemental flows or reduced diversions of 3 m3/sec would be needed to maintain suitable summer temperatures throughout most of the study area. Such flows would be especially beneficial during weekends when current irrigation patterns reduce flows. The model indicated that increasing the riparian shade would result in little improvement in water temperatures but that decreasing the stream width would result in significant temperature reductions. Introduction of a more thermally tolerant redband trout (Oncorhynchus sp.), or smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) might prove beneficial to the fishery. Construction of deep pools for thermal refugia might also be helpful.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/BF02394821","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., 1991, A modeling assessment of the thermal regime for an urban sport fishery: Environmental Management, v. 15, no. 6, p. 833-845, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02394821.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"833","endPage":"845","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294316,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394821"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb07e4b08312ac7ceeb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016477,"text":"70016477 - 1991 - U and Sr Isotopes in ground water and calcite, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Evidence against upwelling water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-17T16:13:21.200139","indexId":"70016477","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U and Sr Isotopes in ground water and calcite, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Evidence against upwelling water","docAbstract":"Hydrogenic calcite and opaline silica deposits in fault zones at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, have created considerable public and scientific controversy because of the possible development of a high-level nuclear waste repository at this location. Strontium and uranium isotopic compositions of hydrogenic materials were used to test whether the veins could have formed by upwelling of deep-seated waters. The vein deposits are isotopically distinct from ground water in the two aquifers that underlie Yucca Mountain, indicating that the calcite could not have precipitated from ground water. The data are consistent with a surficial origin for the hydrogenic deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.254.5031.551","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., Peterman, Z.E., and Muhs, D., 1991, U and Sr Isotopes in ground water and calcite, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Evidence against upwelling water: Science, v. 254, no. 5031, p. 551-554, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.254.5031.551.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"554","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4754965489916,\n 36.95028865477464\n ],\n [\n -116.4754965489916,\n 36.91498620089705\n ],\n [\n -116.4267296085084,\n 36.91498620089705\n ],\n [\n -116.4267296085084,\n 36.95028865477464\n ],\n [\n -116.4754965489916,\n 36.95028865477464\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"254","issue":"5031","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9bae4b08c986b327d7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126917,"text":"70126917 - 1991 - Global warming and prairie wetlands: potential consequences for waterfowl habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T09:49:44","indexId":"70126917","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-01T09:29:53","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global warming and prairie wetlands: potential consequences for waterfowl habitat","docAbstract":"The accumulation of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is expected to warm the earth's climate at an unprecedented rate (Ramanathan 1988, Schneider 1989). If the climate models are correct, within 100 years the earth will not only be warmer than it has been during the past million years, but the change will have occurred more rapidly than any on record. Many profound changes in the earth's environment are expected, including rising sea level, increasing aridity in continental interiors, and melting permafrost.
\nEcosystems are expected to respond variously to a rapidly changing climate. Tree ranges in eastern North American are expected to shift northward, and seed dispersal may not be adequate to maintain current diversity (Cohn 1989, Johnson and Webb 1989). In coastal wetlands, rising sea level from melting icecaps and thermal expansion could flood salt-grass marshes and generally reduce the size and productivity of the intertidal zone (Peters and Darling 1985).
\nAs yet, little attention has been given to the possible effects of climatic warming on inland prairie wetland ecosystems. These wetlands, located in the glaciated portion of the North American Great Plains (Figure 1), constitute the single most important breeding area for waterfowl on this continent (Hubbard 1988). This region annually produces 50-80% of the continent's total duck production (Batt et al. 1989). These marshes also support a variety of other wildlife, including many species of nongame birds, muskrat, and mink (Kantrud et al. 1989a).
\nPrairie wetlands are relatively shallow, water-holding depressions that vary in size, water permanence, and water chemistry. Permanence types include temporary ponds (typically holding water for a few weeks in the springs), seasonal ponds (holding water from spring until early summer), semipermanent ponds (holding water throughout the growing season during most years), and large permanent lakes (Stewart and Kantrud 1971). Refilling usually occurs in spring from precipitation and runoff from melting snow on frozen or saturated soils (Figure 2). Annual water levels fluctuate widely due to climate variability in the Great Plains (Borchert 1950, Kantrud et al. 1989b).
\nClimate affects the quality of habitat for breeding waterfowl by controlling regional water conditions--water depth, areal extent, and length of wet/dry cycles (Cowardin et al. 1988)--and vegetation patterns such as the cover ration (the ratio of emergent plant cover to open water). With increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate models project warmer and, in some cases, drier conditions for the northern Great Plains (Karl et al. 1991, Manabe and Wetherald 1986, Mitchell 1983, Rind and Lebedeff 1984). In general, a warmer, drier climate could lower waterfowl production directly by increasing the frequency of dry basins and indirectly by producing less favorable cover rations (i.e., heavy emergent cover with few or no open-water areas).
\nThe possibility of diminished waterfowl production in a greenhouse climate comes at a time when waterfowl numbers have sharply declined for other reasons (Johnson and Shaffer 1987). Breeding habitat continues to be lost or altered by agriculture, grazing, burning, mowing, sedimentation, and drainage (Kantrud et al. 1989b). For example, it has been estimated that 60% of the wetland area in North Dakota has been drained (Tiner 1984). Pesticides entering wetlands from adjacent agricultural fields have been destructive to aquatic invertebrate populations and have significantly lowered duckling survival (Grue et al. 1988).
\nIn this article, we discuss current understanding and projections of global warming; review wetland vegetation dynamics to establish the strong relationship among climate, wetland hydrology, vegetation patterns, and waterflow habitat; discuss the potential effects of a greenhouse warming on these relationships; and illustrate the potential effects of climate change on wetland habitat by using a simulation model.
\nThe extent to which intensive management of the waterfowl resource will be needed in the future strongly depends on whether a changing climate exacerbates the current problem of waterfowl decline. Should this occur, efforts outlined the recent North American Waterfowl Management Plan between the United States and Canada to reduce the current decline (Patterson and Nelson 1988) may need to be redoubled in coming years.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/1311698","usgsCitation":"Poiani, K.A., and Johnson, W., 1991, Global warming and prairie wetlands: potential consequences for waterfowl habitat: BioScience, v. 41, no. 9, p. 611-618, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311698.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294461,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311698"}],"volume":"41","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252eb5e4b0e641df8a6ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poiani, Karen A.","contributorId":57385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poiani","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W. Carter","contributorId":97237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W. Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185492,"text":"70185492 - 1991 - Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T14:35:17","indexId":"70185492","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution","docAbstract":"Stable isotope data for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbonate shell material and cements, and microbial CO2 were combined with organic and inorganic chemical data from aquifer and confining-bed pore waters to construct geochemical reaction models along a flowpath in the Black Creek aquifer of South Carolina. Carbon-isotope fractionation between DIC and precipitating cements was treated as a Rayleigh distillation process. Organic matter oxidation was coupled to microbial fermentation and sulfate reduction. All reaction models reproduced the observed chemical and isotopic compositions of final waters. However, model 1, in which all sources of carbon and electron-acceptors were assumed to be internal to the aquifer, was invalidated owing to the large ratio of fermentation CO2 to respiration CO2 predicted by the model (5–49) compared with measured ratios (two or less). In model 2, this ratio was reduced by assuming that confining beds adjacent to the aquifer act as sources of dissolved organic carbon and sulfate. This assumption was based on measured high concentrations of dissolved organic acids and sulfate in confining-bed pore waters (60–100 μM and 100–380 μM, respectively) relative to aquifer pore waters (from less than 30 μM and 2–80 μM, respectively). Sodium was chosen as the companion ion to organic-acid and sulfate transport from confining beds because it is the predominant cation in confining-bed pore waters. As a result, excessive amounts of Na-for-Ca ion exchange and calcite precipitation (three to four times more cement than observed in the aquifer) were required by model 2 to achieve mass and isotope balance of final water. For this reason, model 2 was invalidated. Agreement between model-predicted and measured amounts of carbonate cement and ratios of fermentation CO2 to respiration CO2 were obtained in a reaction model that assumed confining beds act as sources of DIC, as well as organic acids and sulfate. This assumption was supported by measured high concentrations of DIC in confining beds (2.6–2.7 mM). Results from this study show that geochemical models of confined aquifer systems must incorporate the effects of adjacent confining beds to reproduce observed groundwater chemistry accurately.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elseiver","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(91)90111-T","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., and Chapelle, F.H., 1991, Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution: Journal of Hydrology, v. 127, no. 1-4, p. 109-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(91)90111-T.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"109","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.91955566406249,\n 33.38099943104024\n ],\n [\n -81.903076171875,\n 33.33511774753217\n ],\n [\n -81.80419921875,\n 33.224903086263964\n ],\n [\n -81.551513671875,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -81.4141845703125,\n 32.8149783969858\n ],\n [\n -81.3922119140625,\n 32.60698915452777\n ],\n [\n -81.199951171875,\n 32.47732919639942\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 32.091882620021806\n ],\n [\n -80.8319091796875,\n 31.94750122367064\n ],\n [\n -79.9749755859375,\n 32.560703522325156\n ],\n [\n -79.156494140625,\n 33.19273094190692\n ],\n [\n -78.5577392578125,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -79.5025634765625,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -80.4583740234375,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -81.91955566406249,\n 33.38099943104024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d61e4b0236b68f98f76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185806,"text":"70185806 - 1991 - Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for mapping reservoirs and lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T06:31:10","indexId":"70185806","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for mapping reservoirs and lakes","docAbstract":"Ground-penetrating radar was evaluated as a tool for mapping reservoir and lake bottoms and providing stage-storage information. An impulse radar was used on a 1.4-ha (3.5-acre) reservoir with 31 transects located 6.1 m (20 feet) apart. Depth of water and lateral extent of the lake bottom were accurately measured by ground-penetrating radar. A linear (positive) relationship existed between measured water depth and ground-penetrating radar-determined water depth (R2=0.989). Ground-penetrating radar data were used to create a contour map of the lake bottom. Relationships between water (contour) elevation and water surface area and volume were established. Ground-penetrating radar proved to be a useful tool for mapping lakes, detecting lake bottom variations, locating old stream channels, and determining water depths. The technology provides accurate, continuous profile data in a relatively short time compared to traditional surveying and depth-sounding techniques.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","usgsCitation":"Truman, C., Asmussen, L., and Allison, H., 1991, Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for mapping reservoirs and lakes: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 46, no. 5, p. 370-373.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"370","endPage":"373","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338565,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jswconline.org/content/46/5/370.abstract"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81fe4b02ff32c68572a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truman, C.C.","contributorId":190010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truman","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asmussen, L.E.","contributorId":16276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asmussen","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allison, H.D.","contributorId":190009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70237067,"text":"70237067 - 1991 - Modelling of turbidity currents on Navy Submarine Fan, California Continental Borderland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T12:07:14.117722","indexId":"70237067","displayToPublicDate":"1991-09-29T07:03:16","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Modelling of turbidity currents on Navy Submarine Fan, California Continental Borderland","docAbstract":"Several Holocene turbidites can be correlated across much of Navy Fan through more than 100 sediment core localities. The uppermost muddy turbidite unit is mapped throughout the northern half of the fan; its volume, grain-size distribution and the maximum height of deposition on the basin slopes are known. These parameters can be related to the precise channel morphology and mesotopography revealed by deeptow surveys. Thus there is sufficient information to estimate detailed flow characteristics for this turbidity current as it moved from fan valley to distal basin plain.
On the upper fan, the gradient and the increasing downstream width of the channel and only limited flow overspill suggest that the flow had a Froude number close to 1.0. The sediment associated with the channel indicates friction velocities of about 0.06 ms−1 and flow velocities of about 0.75 m s−1. Using this flow velocity and channel dimensions, sediment concentration (≈︁2 × 10−3) and discharge are estimated, and from a knowledge of the total volume of sediment deposited, the flow duration is estimated to be from 2 to 9 days. It is shown that the estimates of Froude number, drag coefficient, and sediment concentration are not likely to vary by more than a factor of 2.
On the mid-fan, the flow was much thicker than the height of the surface relief of the fan and it spread rapidly. The cross-flow slope, determined from the horizontal extent of turbidite sediment, is used to estimate flow velocity, which is confirmed by consideration of both sediment grain size and rate of deposition. This again allows sediment concentration and discharge to be estimated. The requirements of flow continuity, entrainment of water during flow expansion, and observed sediment deposition provide checks on all these estimates, and provide an integrated picture of the evolution of the flow. The flow characteristics of this muddy turbidity current are well constrained compared to those for more sand-rich late Pleistocene and early Holocene turbidity currents on the fan.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Water Turbidite Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781444304473.ch1","usgsCitation":"Bowen, A.J., Normark, W.R., and Piper, D., 1991, Modelling of turbidity currents on Navy Submarine Fan, California Continental Borderland, chap. 1 of Deep-Water Turbidite Systems, v. 31, p. 169-185, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304473.ch1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"185","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.861328125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -117.861328125,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -117.861328125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Anthony J.","contributorId":297067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piper, David J. W.","contributorId":28631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016437,"text":"70016437 - 1991 - Galileo infrared imaging spectroscopy measurements at Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-17T16:47:58.602772","indexId":"70016437","displayToPublicDate":"1991-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Galileo infrared imaging spectroscopy measurements at Venus","docAbstract":"During the 1990 Galileo Venus flyby, the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer investigated the night-side atmosphere of Venus in the spectral range 0.7 to 5.2 micrometers. Multispectral images at high spatial resolution indicate substantial cloud opacity variations in the lower cloud levels, centered at 50 kilometers altitude. Zonal and meridional winds were derived for this level and are consistent with motion of the upper branch of a Hadley cell. Northern and southern hemisphere clouds appear to be markedly different. Spectral profiles were used to derive lower atmosphere abundances of water vapor and other species.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.253.5027.1541","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Carlson, R.W., Baines, K.H., Encrenaz, T., Taylor, F.W., Drossart, P., Kamp, L., Pollack, J.B., Lellouch, E., Collard, A., Calcutt, S., Grinspoon, D., Weissman, P., Smythe, W.D., Ocampo, A., Danielson, G., Fanale, F.P., Johnson, T.V., Kieffer, H.H., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., and Soderblom, L., 1991, Galileo infrared imaging spectroscopy measurements at Venus: Science, v. 253, no. 5027, p. 1541-1548, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.253.5027.1541.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1541","endPage":"1548","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"253","issue":"5027","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14ace4b0c8380cd54aea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, R. W.","contributorId":85331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Encrenaz, Th.","contributorId":70925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Encrenaz","given":"Th.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, F. W.","contributorId":57598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kamp, L.W.","contributorId":16581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pollack, James B.","contributorId":12616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lellouch, E.","contributorId":14119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellouch","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Collard, A.D.","contributorId":74518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collard","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Calcutt, S.B.","contributorId":50662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calcutt","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grinspoon, D.","contributorId":59562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grinspoon","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Weissman, P.R.","contributorId":7838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weissman","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Smythe, W. D.","contributorId":90878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ocampo, A.C.","contributorId":33456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ocampo","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Danielson, G. E.","contributorId":51890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danielson","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Fanale, F. P.","contributorId":24925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanale","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Johnson, T. V.","contributorId":79619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70138492,"text":"70138492 - 1991 - Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T14:35:52","indexId":"70138492","displayToPublicDate":"1991-09-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127","docAbstract":"The relative effects of paleoceanographic and paleogeographic variations, sediment lithology, and diagenetic processes on the recorded rare earth element (REE) chemistry of Japan Sea sediments are evaluated by investigating REE total abundances and relative fractionations in 59 samples from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 127.
\nREE total abundances (ΣREE) in the Japan Sea are strongly dependent upon the paleoceanographic position of a given site with respect to terrigenous and biogenic sources. REE concentrations at Site 794 (Yamato Basin) overall correspond well to aluminosilicate chemical indices and are strongly diluted by SiO2within the late Miocene-Pliocene diatomaceous sequence. Eu/Eu* values at Site 794 reach a maximum through the diatomaceous interval as well, most likely suggesting an association of Eu/Eu* with the siliceous component, or reflecting slight incorporation of a detrital feldspar phase. ΣREE at Site 795 (Japan Basin) also is affiliated strongly with aluminosilicate phases, yet is diluted only slightly by siliceous input. At Site 797 (Yamato Basin), REE is not as clearly associated with the aluminosilicate fraction, is correlated moderately to siliceous input, and may be sporadically influenced by detrital heavy minerals originating from the nearby rifted continental fragment composing the Yamato Rise. The biogenic influence is largest at Site 794, moderately developed at Site 797, and of only minor importance at Site 795, reflecting basinal contrasts in productivity such that the Yamato Basin records greater biogenic input than the Japan Basin, while the most productive waters overlie the easternmost sequence of Site 794.
\nCe/Ce* profiles at all three sites increase monotonically with depth, and record progressive diagenetic LREE fractionation. The observed Ce/Ce* record does not respond to changes in oxygenation state of the overlying water, and Ce/Ce* correlated slightly better with depth than with age. The downhole increase in Ce/Ce* at Site 794 and Site 797 is a passive response to diagenetic transfer of LREE (except Ce) from sediment to interstitial water. At Site 795, the overall lack of correlation between Ce/Ce* and L(ln/Ybnsuggests that other processes are occurring which mask the diagenetic behavior of all LREEs. First-order calculations of the Ce budget in Japan Sea waters and sediment indicate that ~20% of the excess Ce adsorbed by settling particles is recycled within the water column, and that an additional ~38% is recycled at or near the seafloor (data from Masuzawa and Koyama, 1989). Thus, because the remaining excess Ce is only ~10% of the total Ce, there is not a large source of Ce to the deeply buried sediment, further suggesting that the downhole increase in Ce/Ce* is a passive response to diagenetic behavior of the other LREEs. The REE chemistry of Japan Sea sediment therefore predicts successive downhole addition of LREEs to deeply-buried interstitial waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90365-C","usgsCitation":"Murray, R., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Brumsack, H., Gerlach, D.C., and Russ, G.P., 1991, Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 9, p. 2453-2466, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90365-C.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2453","endPage":"2466","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Japan Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 132.5390625,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n 141.6796875,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n 140.625,\n 50.064191736659104\n ],\n [\n 131.8359375,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n 128.671875,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n 127.61718749999999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n 132.5390625,\n 33.7243396617476\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c3fe4b08de9379b36d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, R.","contributorId":80440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumsack, Hans-Juergen","contributorId":61141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumsack","given":"Hans-Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerlach, David C.","contributorId":138786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerlach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russ, G. Price","contributorId":138787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russ","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Price","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70125922,"text":"70125922 - 1991 - Hydrologic pathways and chemical composition of runoff during snowmelt in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:43:35","indexId":"70125922","displayToPublicDate":"1991-09-01T09:22:19","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic pathways and chemical composition of runoff during snowmelt in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Intensive sampling of a stream draining an alpine-subalpine basin revealed that depressions in pH and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of surface water at the beginning of the spring snowmelt in 1987 and 1988 were not accompanied by increases in strong acid anions, and that surface waters did not become acidic (ANC<0). Samples of meltwater collected at the base of the snowpack in 1987 were acidic and exhibited distinct ‘pulses’ of nitrate and sulfate. Solutions collected with lysimeters in forest soils adjacent to the stream revealed high levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total Al. Peaks in concentration of DOC, Al, and nutrient species in the stream samples indicate a flush of soil solution into the surface water at the beginning of the melt. Infiltration of meltwater into soils and spatial heterogeneity in the timing of melting across the basin prevented stream and lake waters from becoming acidic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/BF00283175","usgsCitation":"Denning, A.S., Baron, J., Mast, M.A., and Arthur, M., 1991, Hydrologic pathways and chemical composition of runoff during snowmelt in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 107-123, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00283175.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294095,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283175"},{"id":294096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.913714,40.158067 ], [ -105.913714,40.553787 ], [ -105.493583,40.553787 ], [ -105.493583,40.158067 ], [ -105.913714,40.158067 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf432e4b0e96537ddf722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denning, A. Scott","contributorId":70710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denning","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arthur, Mary","contributorId":99484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014551,"text":"1014551 - 1991 - Low-cost field estimation of yellow perch daily ration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-06T16:51:22.939142","indexId":"1014551","displayToPublicDate":"1991-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-cost field estimation of yellow perch daily ration","docAbstract":"We used 2 yearsˈ diel food weight data from stomachs of Lake Erie yellow perch Perca flavescens to make Elliott‐Persson (E–P) estimates of daily ration and to construct consumption response surface (CRS) regression models. The CRS models provided relatively accurate, low‐cost estimates of daily ration from only one to four fish collections – compared with nine for the E–P procedure. Besides reducing daily sampling effort, CRS models allowed flexibility in fish collection times, thus alleviating the need for 24‐h associations with sampling sites. Independent variables for CRS models included the food weight in fish stomachs from a particular collection (adjusted for water temperature) and the time of day when a fish collection was made. Accuracy of CRS model estimates of yellow perch daily ration relative to E–P estimates was evaluated with a jackknife‐like procedure. Effectiveness of CRS models arose from significant relationships that existed between food weights in yellow perch stomachs throughout certain periods of the day and average food weight in stomachs over 24 h. Similar relationships, and hence low‐cost estimation potential, are expected for other fish species with regular diel feeding activity. Because CRS models reduce time requirements in the field, they should allow more detailed coverage of important spatial and temporal variability in multiday food consumption studies for fishes. The CRS models also showed spatial robustness and a desirable capacity to estimate daily rations in years beyond those for which the models were developed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0589:LFEOYP>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hayward, R., Margraf, F.J., Parrish, D., and Vondracek, B., 1991, Low-cost field estimation of yellow perch daily ration: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 120, no. 5, p. 589-604, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0589:LFEOYP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"604","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayward, R.S.","contributorId":48913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Margraf, F. Joseph jmargraf@usgs.gov","contributorId":257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.","email":"jmargraf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, D.L.","contributorId":15144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216614,"text":"70216614 - 1991 - Analysis and modeling of long‐term stream temperatures on the Steamboat Creek Basin, Oregon: Implications for land use and fish habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:18:23.838156","indexId":"70216614","displayToPublicDate":"1991-08-28T15:21:44","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis and modeling of long‐term stream temperatures on the Steamboat Creek Basin, Oregon: Implications for land use and fish habitat","docAbstract":"Steamboat Creek basin is an important source of timber and provides crucial spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Because stream temperatures are near the upper limit of tolerance for the survival of juvenile steelhead, the possible long‐term effect of clear‐cut logging on stream temperatures was assessed. Twenty‐year (1969–1989) records of summer stream temperature and flow from four tributaries and two reaches of Steamboat Creek and Boulder Creek (a nearby unlogged watershed) were analyzed. Logging records for the Steamboat Creek basin and air temperature records also were used in the analysis. A time‐series model of the components of stream temperature (seasonal cycle of solar radiation, air temperature, streamflow, an autoregressive term of order 1, and a linear trend variable) was fitted to the water‐temperature data. The linear trend variable was significant in all the fitted models except Bend Creek (a tributary fed by cool ground‐water discharge) and Boulder Creek. Because no trends in either climate (i.e., air temperature) or streamflow were found in the data, the trend variable was associated with the pre‐1969 loss and subsequent regrowth of riparian vegetation and shading canopies.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., and Barbeau, D., 1991, Method for the systematic evaluation of organic chemical retention by solid phase extraction columns, chap. of U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 330-333.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"333","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b31e4b071321fe31cbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbeau, D.S.","contributorId":168845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbeau","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208658,"text":"70208658 - 1991 - H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in colonial fish-eating waterbird eggs from the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T11:00:09","indexId":"70208658","displayToPublicDate":"1991-07-31T10:50:26","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in colonial fish-eating waterbird eggs from the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Fish-eating waterbirds from the Great Lakes of North America have shown symptoms of poisoning similar to those observed in laboratory exposures of various avian species to planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHHs). PHHs, include among others, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and have been implicated in some of the reproductive problems of Great Lakes waterbirds. The objectives of this study were to assess the overall potencies of PCB-containing extracts from colonial water-bird eggs taken from the Great Lakes and to compare the potencies with the location and spatial distribution of the colonies. The potencies of the extracts were assessed by their ability to induce cytochrome P450IA1-associated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells as compared to the standard, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The H4IIE bioassay-derived TCDD-equivalents (TCCD-EQs) in the waterbird eggs concur with residue analyses and biological data from other studies. The greatest concentrations of TCDD-EQs were found in waterbird eggs from historically polluted, industrialized or urbanized areas in which the reproductive impairment of colonial waterbirds was most severe. However, significant concentrations of TCDD-EQs were detected at all sites tested; with a range of 49 to 415 pg TCDD-EQ/g egg, uncorrected for extraction efficiencies. The H4IIE bioassay proved to be a useful biomonitoring tool to assess the overall potency of complex PHH mixtures in environmental samples.