Downstream grain-size fining in stratigraphy is driven primarily by selective deposition of sediment, and the long-term efficiency of this process is determined by: (1) the magnitude and characteristics of the input sediment supply; (2) the spatial distribution of subsidence rate, which creates accommodation for sediment preservation; and (3) the dynamics of sediment transport and deposition. A key challenge is to determine how these first two factors control the caliber and spatial distribution of deposits over time scales of 104–106 yr without incorporating sediment transport details that are largely unknowable for time-averaged stratigraphy in the geological past. We address this using grain-size data collected from fluvial conglomerates in the Eocene Pobla Basin, Spanish Pyrenees, a synorogenic basin where the timing of sediment deposition is well-constrained; the sediment budget is closed; and good exposure enables time lines within stratigraphy to be picked out unambiguously. For successive stratigraphic horizons, downstream trends in grain size and composition are derived for basin-filling sediment-routing systems with length scales of 6 and 40 km, respectively. Our data show that the rate of grain-size fining varies over time and with system length and can be linked to changes in source area. These results are contrasted with grain-size data from the Antist Group, a 60-km-long Oligocene system that mantles the Southern Pyrenees, where very slow rates of grain-size fining on the wedge top of this fold-and-thrust belt are observed. We apply a self-similarity–based selective deposition model to quantify the competing controls of tectonic subsidence and sediment supply on derived grain-size trends, and model results are compared with independent constraints on the Eocene–Oligocene evolution of the Pyrenees. Our results suggest that it is now possible to invert time-averaged grain-size trends in stratigraphy to gain quantitative information on the geological boundary conditions governing the evolution of sedimentary basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Ernst, W., Martens, U., McLaughlin, R.J., Clark, J.C., and Moore, D., 2011, Zircon U-Pb age of the Pescadero felsite: A late Cretaceous igneous event in the forearc, west-central California Coast Ranges: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 123, no. 7-8, p. 1497-1512.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1497","endPage":"1512","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd28ae4b08c986b32f882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ernst, W. G.","contributorId":18456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martens, U.C.","contributorId":92903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"U.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, J. C.","contributorId":34945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035648,"text":"70035648 - 2011 - Sources of variability and comparability between salmonid stomach contents and isotopic analyses: study design lessons and recommendations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T13:26:38","indexId":"70035648","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variability and comparability between salmonid stomach contents and isotopic analyses: study design lessons and recommendations","docAbstract":"We compared sources of variability and cost in paired stomach content and stable isotope samples from three salmonid species collected in September 2001–2005 and describe the relative information provided by each method in terms of measuring diet overlap and food web study design. Based on diet analyses, diet overlap among brown trout, rainbow trout, and mountain whitefish was high, and we observed little variation in diets among years. In contrast, for sample sizes n ≥ 25, 95% confidence interval (CI) around mean δ15Ν and δ13C for the three target species did not overlap, and species, year, and fish size effects were significantly different, implying that these species likely consumed similar prey but in different proportions. Stable isotope processing costs were US$12 per sample, while stomach content analysis costs averaged US$25.49 ± $2.91 (95% CI) and ranged from US$1.50 for an empty stomach to US$291.50 for a sample with 2330 items. Precision in both δ15Ν and δ13C and mean diet overlap values based on stomach contents increased considerably up to a sample size of n = 10 and plateaued around n = 25, with little further increase in precision.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","doi":"10.1139/F10-117","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Vinson, M., and Budy, P., 2011, Sources of variability and comparability between salmonid stomach contents and isotopic analyses: study design lessons and recommendations: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 68, no. 1, p. 137-151, https://doi.org/10.1139/F10-117.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F10-117"},{"id":244264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9398e4b08c986b31a5a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vinson, M.R.","contributorId":44755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budy, P.","contributorId":68091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035814,"text":"70035814 - 2011 - Estimating earthquake-rupture rates on a fault or fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T10:54:14","indexId":"70035814","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating earthquake-rupture rates on a fault or fault system","docAbstract":"Previous approaches used to determine the rates of different earthquakes on a fault have made assumptions regarding segmentation, have been difficult to document and reproduce, and have lacked the ability to satisfy all available data constraints. We present a relatively objective and reproducible inverse methodology for determining the rate of different ruptures on a fault or fault system. The data used in the inversion include slip rate, event rate, and other constraints such as an optional a priori magnitude-frequency distribution. We demonstrate our methodology by solving for the long-term rate of ruptures on the southern San Andreas fault. Our results imply that a Gutenberg-Richter distribution is consistent with the data available for this fault; however, more work is needed to test the robustness of this assertion. More importantly, the methodology is extensible to an entire fault system (thereby including multifault ruptures) and can be used to quantify the relative benefits of collecting additional paleoseismic data at different sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120100004","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., and Page, M., 2011, Estimating earthquake-rupture rates on a fault or fault system: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 1, p. 79-92, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120100004"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b17e4b0c8380cd52577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, E. H.","contributorId":86915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, M.T.","contributorId":36771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036112,"text":"70036112 - 2011 - Patterns of NPP, GPP, respiration, and NEP during boreal forest succession","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T18:47:29.695325","indexId":"70036112","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of NPP, GPP, respiration, and NEP during boreal forest succession","docAbstract":"We combined year‐round eddy covariance with biometry and biomass harvests along a chronosequence of boreal forest stands that were 1, 6, 15, 23, 40, ∼74, and ∼154 years old to understand how ecosystem production and carbon stocks change during recovery from stand‐replacing crown fire. Live biomass (Clive) was low in the 1‐ and 6‐year‐old stands, and increased following a logistic pattern to high levels in the 74‐ and 154‐year‐old stands. Carbon stocks in the forest floor (Cforest floor) and coarse woody debris (CCWD) were comparatively high in the 1‐year‐old stand, reduced in the 6‐ through 40‐year‐old stands, and highest in the 74‐ and 154‐year‐old stands. Total net primary production (TNPP) was reduced in the 1‐ and 6‐year‐old stands, highest in the 23‐ through 74‐year‐old stands and somewhat reduced in the 154‐year‐old stand. The NPP decline at the 154‐year‐old stand was related to increased autotrophic respiration rather than decreased gross primary production (GPP). Net ecosystem production (NEP), calculated by integrated eddy covariance, indicated the 1‐ and 6‐year‐old stands were losing carbon, the 15‐year‐old stand was gaining a small amount of carbon, the 23‐ and 74‐year‐old stands were gaining considerable carbon, and the 40‐ and 154‐year‐old stands were gaining modest amounts of carbon. The recovery from fire was rapid; a linear fit through the NEP observations at the 6‐ and 15‐year‐old stands indicated the transition from carbon source to sink occurred within 11–12 years. The NEP decline at the 154‐year‐old stand appears related to increased losses from Clive by tree mortality and possibly from Cforest floor by decomposition. Our findings support the idea that NPP, carbon production efficiency (NPP/GPP), NEP, and carbon storage efficiency (NEP/TNPP) all decrease in old boreal stands.
","largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02274.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Goulden, M.L., Mcmillan, A., Winston, G., Rocha, A., Manies, K., Harden, J., and Bond-Lamberty, B., 2011, Patterns of NPP, GPP, respiration, and NEP during boreal forest succession: Global Change Biology, v. 17, no. 2, p. 855-871, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02274.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"871","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487298,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rg3z5fk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218450,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02274.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75c3e4b0c8380cd77d1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goulden, M. L.","contributorId":35095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goulden","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mcmillan, A.M.S.","contributorId":62872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcmillan","given":"A.M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winston, G.C.","contributorId":106274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocha, A.V.","contributorId":19822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocha","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bond-Lamberty, B. P.","contributorId":82917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond-Lamberty","given":"B. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036194,"text":"70036194 - 2011 - Methane oxidation in a crude oil contaminated aquifer: Delineation of aerobic reactions at the plume fringes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T09:25:49","indexId":"70036194","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane oxidation in a crude oil contaminated aquifer: Delineation of aerobic reactions at the plume fringes","docAbstract":"High resolution direct-push profiling over short vertical distances was used to investigate CH4 attenuation in a petroleum contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. The contaminant plume was delineated using dissolved gases, redox sensitive components, major ions, carbon isotope ratios in CH4 and CO2, and the presence of methanotrophic bacteria. Sharp redox gradients were observed near the water table. Shifts in δ13CCH4 from an average of − 57.6‰ (± 1.7‰) in the methanogenic zone to − 39.6‰ (± 8.7‰) at 105 m downgradient, strongly suggest CH4 attenuation through microbially mediated degradation. In the downgradient zone the aerobic/anaerobic transition is up to 0.5 m below the water table suggesting that transport of O2 across the water table is leading to aerobic degradation of CH4 at this interface. Dissolved N2 concentrations that exceeded those expected for water in equilibrium with the atmosphere indicated bubble entrapment followed by preferential stripping of O2 through aerobic degradation of CH4 or other hydrocarbons. Multivariate and cluster analysis were used to distinguish between areas of significant bubble entrapment and areas where other processes such as the infiltration of O2 rich recharge water were important O2 transport mechanisms.
Opportunity has been traversing the Meridiani plains since 25 January 2004 (sol 1), acquiring numerous observations of the atmosphere, soils, and rocks. This paper provides an overview of key discoveries between sols 511 and 2300, complementing earlier papers covering results from the initial phases of the mission. Key new results include (1) atmospheric argon measurements that demonstrate the importance of atmospheric transport to and from the winter carbon dioxide polar ice caps; (2) observations showing that aeolian ripples covering the plains were generated by easterly winds during an epoch with enhanced Hadley cell circulation; (3) the discovery and characterization of cobbles and boulders that include iron and stony-iron meteorites and Martian impact ejecta; (4) measurements of wall rock strata within Erebus and Victoria craters that provide compelling evidence of formation by aeolian sand deposition, with local reworking within ephemeral lakes; (5) determination that the stratigraphy exposed in the walls of Victoria and Endurance craters show an enrichment of chlorine and depletion of magnesium and sulfur with increasing depth. This result implies that regional-scale aqueous alteration took place before formation of these craters. Most recently, Opportunity has been traversing toward the ancient Endeavour crater. Orbital data show that clay minerals are exposed on its rim. Hydrated sulfate minerals are exposed in plains rocks adjacent to the rim, unlike the surfaces of plains outcrops observed thus far by Opportunity. With continued mechanical health, Opportunity will reach terrains on and around Endeavour's rim that will be markedly different from anything examined to date.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003746","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Arvidson, R., Ashley, J.W., Bell, J., Chojnacki, M., Cohen, J., Economou, T., Farrand, W.H., Fergason, R.L., Fleischer, I., Geissler, P.E., Gellert, R., Golombek, M., Grotzinger, J., Guinness, E., Haberle, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., Herman, J., Iagnemma, K., Jolliff, B., Johnson, J.R., Klingelhofer, G., Knoll, A., Knudson, A., Li, R., McLennan, S.M., Mittlefehldt, D.W., Morris, R., Parker, T.J., Rice, M., Schroder, C., Soderblom, L.A., Squyres, S.W., Sullivan, R., and Wolff, M., 2011, Opportunity Mars Rover mission: Overview and selected results from Purgatory ripple to traverses to Endeavour crater: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003746.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475435,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003746","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ec2e4b0c8380cd757b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arvidson, R. 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J.","contributorId":30776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Rice, M.S.","contributorId":105027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Sullivan, R.J.","contributorId":21302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Wolff, M.J.","contributorId":64374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}} ,{"id":70036195,"text":"70036195 - 2011 - Detecting aseismic strain transients from seismicity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T20:54:00.728098","indexId":"70036195","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting aseismic strain transients from seismicity data","docAbstract":"Aseismic deformation transients such as fluid flow, magma migration, and slow slip can trigger changes in seismicity rate. We present a method that can detect these seismicity rate variations and utilize these anomalies to constrain the underlying variations in stressing rate. Because ordinary aftershock sequences often obscure changes in the background seismicity caused by aseismic processes, we combine the stochastic Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model that describes aftershock sequences well and the physically based rate‐ and state‐dependent friction seismicity model into a single seismicity rate model that models both aftershock activity and changes in background seismicity rate. We implement this model into a data assimilation algorithm that inverts seismicity catalogs to estimate space‐time variations in stressing rate. We evaluate the method using a synthetic catalog, and then apply it to a catalog of M ≥ 1.5 events that occurred in the Salton Trough from 1990 to 2009. We validate our stressing rate estimates by comparing them to estimates from a geodetically derived slip model for a large creep event on the Obsidian Buttes fault. The results demonstrate that our approach can identify large aseismic deformation transients in a multidecade long earthquake catalog and roughly constrain the absolute magnitude of the stressing rate transients. Our method can therefore provide a way to detect aseismic transients in regions where geodetic resolution in space or time is poor.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007537","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Llenos, A.L., and McGuire, J., 2011, Detecting aseismic strain transients from seismicity data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 6, B06305, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007537.","productDescription":"B06305, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475429,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007537","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007537"}],"volume":"116","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff5fe4b0c8380cd4f14f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Llenos, Andrea L. 0000-0002-4088-6737 allenos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6737","contributorId":4455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llenos","given":"Andrea","email":"allenos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-9235-2166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-2166","contributorId":219786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036105,"text":"70036105 - 2011 - Gas emissions from failed and actual eruptions from Cook Inlet Volcanoes, Alaska, 1989-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T13:15:18","indexId":"70036105","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas emissions from failed and actual eruptions from Cook Inlet Volcanoes, Alaska, 1989-2006","docAbstract":"Cook Inlet volcanoes that experienced an eruption between 1989 and 2006 had mean gas emission rates that were roughly an order of magnitude higher than at volcanoes where unrest stalled. For the six events studied, mean emission rates for eruptions were ~13,000 t/d CO2 and 5200 t/d SO2, but only ~1200 t/d CO2 and 500 t/d SO2 for non-eruptive events (‘failed eruptions’). Statistical analysis suggests degassing thresholds for eruption on the order of 1500 and 1000 t/d for CO2 and SO2, respectively. Emission rates greater than 4000 and 2000 t/d for CO2 and SO2, respectively, almost exclusively resulted during eruptive events (the only exception being two measurements at Fourpeaked). While this analysis could suggest that unerupted magmas have lower pre-eruptive volatile contents, we favor the explanations that either the amount of magma feeding actual eruptions is larger than that driving failed eruptions, or that magmas from failed eruptions experience less decompression such that the majority of H2O remains dissolved and thus insufficient permeability is produced to release the trapped volatile phase (or both). In the majority of unrest and eruption sequences, increases in CO2 emission relative to SO2 emission were observed early in the sequence. With time, all events converged to a common molar value of C/S between 0.5 and 2. These geochemical trends argue for roughly similar decompression histories until shallow levels are reached beneath the edifice (i.e., from 20–35 to ~4–6 km) and perhaps roughly similar initial volatile contents in all cases. Early elevated CO2 levels that we find at these high-latitude, andesitic arc volcanoes have also been observed at mid-latitude, relatively snow-free, basaltic volcanoes such as Stromboli and Etna. Typically such patterns are attributed to injection and decompression of deep (CO2-rich) magma into a shallower chamber and open system degassing prior to eruption. Here we argue that the C/S trends probably represent tapping of vapor-saturated regions with high C/S, and then gradual degassing of remaining dissolved volatiles as the magma progresses toward the surface. At these volcanoes, however, C/S is often accentuated due to early preferential scrubbing of sulfur gases. The range of equilibrium degassing is consistent with the bulk degassing of a magma with initial CO2 and S of 0.6 and 0.2 wt.%, respectively, similar to what has been suggested for primitive Redoubt magmas.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0453-4","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Werner, C., Doukas, M., and Kelly, P., 2011, Gas emissions from failed and actual eruptions from Cook Inlet Volcanoes, Alaska, 1989-2006: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 155-173, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0453-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0453-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.171142578125,\n 58.53959476664049\n ],\n [\n -154.171142578125,\n 61.6794500443896\n ],\n [\n -148.787841796875,\n 61.6794500443896\n ],\n [\n -148.787841796875,\n 58.53959476664049\n ],\n [\n -154.171142578125,\n 58.53959476664049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14c9e4b0c8380cd54b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, C.A.","contributorId":50734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doukas, M.P.","contributorId":28615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, P.J.","contributorId":65312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035834,"text":"70035834 - 2011 - Identifying nest predators of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T20:15:46.454961","indexId":"70035834","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying nest predators of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"We evaluated predation on nests and methods to detect predators using a combination of infrared cameras and plasticine eggs at nests of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) in Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties, California. Each technique indicated that predation was prevalent; 59% of monitored nests were depredated. Most identifiable predation (n = 49) was caused by mammals (71%) and rates of predation were similar on avocets and stilts. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) each accounted for 16% of predations, whereas gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and avian predators each accounted for 14%. Mammalian predation was mainly nocturnal (mean time, 0051 h ± 5 h 36 min), whereas most avian predation was in late afternoon (mean time, 1800 h ± 1 h 26 min). Nests with cameras and plasticine eggs were 1.6 times more likely to be predated than nests where only cameras were used in monitoring. Cameras were associated with lower abandonment of nests and provided definitive identification of predators.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1894/KF-14.1","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., Ackerman, J., Takekawa, J.Y., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Eadie, J., 2011, Identifying nest predators of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) in San Francisco Bay, California: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 56, no. 1, p. 35-43, https://doi.org/10.1894/KF-14.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216382,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/KF-14.1"},{"id":244246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.01940917968751,\n 36.83566824724438\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 36.83566824724438\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 38.41486245064945\n ],\n [\n -123.01940917968751,\n 38.41486245064945\n ],\n [\n -123.01940917968751,\n 36.83566824724438\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3851e4b0c8380cd61515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, G.","contributorId":98442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035865,"text":"70035865 - 2011 - Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T13:10:39.404755","indexId":"70035865","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"The northern Rocky Mountains (NRMs) are a critical headwaters region with the majority of water resources originating from mountain snowpack. Observations showing declines in western U.S. snowpack have implications for water resources and biophysical processes in high-mountain environments. This study investigates oceanic and atmospheric controls underlying changes in timing, variability, and trends documented across the entire hydroclimatic-monitoring system within critical NRM watersheds. Analyses were conducted using records from 25 snow telemetry (SNOTEL) stations, 148 1 April snow course records, stream gauge records from 14 relatively unimpaired rivers, and 37 valley meteorological stations. Over the past four decades, midelevation SNOTEL records show a tendency toward decreased snowpack with peak snow water equivalent (SWE) arriving and melting out earlier. Temperature records show significant seasonal and annual decreases in the number of frost days (days ≤0°C) and changes in spring minimum temperatures that correspond with atmospheric circulation changes and surface–albedo feedbacks in March and April. Warmer spring temperatures coupled with increases in mean and variance of spring precipitation correspond strongly to earlier snowmeltout, an increased number of snow-free days, and observed changes in streamflow timing and discharge. The majority of the variability in peak and total annual snowpack and streamflow, however, is explained by season-dependent interannual-to-interdecadal changes in atmospheric circulation associated with Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures. Over recent decades, increased spring precipitation appears to be buffering NRM total annual streamflow from what would otherwise be greater snow-related declines in hydrologic yield. Results have important implications for ecosystems, water resources, and long-lead-forecasting capabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2010JCLI3729.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Pederson, G.T., Gray, S., Ault, T., Marsh, W., Fagre, D.B., Bunn, A., Woodhouse, C., and Graumlich, L., 2011, Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains: Journal of Climate, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1666-1687, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3729.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1666","endPage":"1687","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3729.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Northern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.44482421875,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -117.13623046874999,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -117.18017578125,\n 48.122101028190805\n ],\n [\n -114.58740234375,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -112.39013671875,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -113.44482421875,\n 48.99463598353405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f660e4b0c8380cd4c71b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ault, T.","contributorId":83760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsh, W.","contributorId":94884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bunn, A.G.","contributorId":105147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunn","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodhouse, C.A.","contributorId":62407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graumlich, L.J.","contributorId":30417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graumlich","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70036210,"text":"70036210 - 2011 - Cassini SAR, radiometry, scatterometry and altimetry observations of Titan's dune fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T19:54:11.621938","indexId":"70036210","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cassini SAR, radiometry, scatterometry and altimetry observations of Titan's dune fields","docAbstract":"Large expanses of linear dunes cover Titan’s equatorial regions. As the Cassini mission continues, more dune fields are becoming unveiled and examined by the microwave radar in all its modes of operation (SAR, radiometry, scatterometry, altimetry) and with an increasing variety of observational geometries. In this paper, we report on Cassini’s radar instrument observations of the dune fields mapped through May 2009 and present our key findings in terms of Titan’s geology and climate. We estimate that dune fields cover ∼12.5% of Titan’s surface, which corresponds to an area of ∼10 million km2, roughly the area of the United States. If dune sand-sized particles are mainly composed of solid organics as suggested by VIMS observations (Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) and atmospheric modeling and supported by radiometry data, dune fields are the largest known organic reservoir on Titan. Dune regions are, with the exception of the polar lakes and seas, the least reflective and most emissive features on this moon. Interestingly, we also find a latitudinal dependence in the dune field microwave properties: up to a latitude of ∼11°, dune fields tend to become less emissive and brighter as one moves northward. Above ∼11° this trend is reversed. The microwave signatures of the dune regions are thought to be primarily controlled by the interdune proportion (relative to that of the dune), roughness and degree of sand cover. In agreement with radiometry and scatterometry observations, SAR images suggest that the fraction of interdunes increases northward up to a latitude of ∼14°. In general, scattering from the subsurface (volume scattering and surface scattering from buried interfaces) makes interdunal regions brighter than the dunes. The observed latitudinal trend may therefore also be partially caused by a gradual thinning of the interdunal sand cover or surrounding sand sheets to the north, thus allowing wave penetration in the underlying substrate. Altimetry measurements over dunes have highlighted a region located in the Fensal dune field (∼5° latitude) where the icy bedrock of Titan is likely exposed within smooth interdune areas. The hemispherical assymetry of dune field properties may point to a general reduction in the availability of sediments and/or an increase in the ground humidity toward the north, which could be related to Titan’s asymmetric seasonal polar insolation. Alternatively, it may indicate that either the wind pattern or the topography is less favorable for dune formation in Titan’s northern tropics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.026","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Le, G.A., Janssen, M., Wye, L.C., Hayes, A., Radebaugh, J., Savage, C., Zebker, H., Lorenz, R.D., Lunine, J., Kirk, R.L., Lopes, R.M., Wall, S., Callahan, P., Stofan, E.R., and Farr, T., 2011, Cassini SAR, radiometry, scatterometry and altimetry observations of Titan's dune fields: Icarus, v. 213, no. 2, p. 608-624, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.026.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"608","endPage":"624","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218548,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.026"}],"volume":"213","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f38de4b0c8380cd4b893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Le, Gall A.","contributorId":36764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Gall","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janssen, M.A.","contributorId":28345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wye, L. 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New isotopic data from the ∼98 Ma to 54 Ma Idaho batholith and ∼51 Ma to 43 Ma Challis intrusions, coupled with recent geochronological work, provide insights into the evolution of magmatism in the Idaho segment of the Cordillera. Nd and Hf isotopes show clear shifts towards more evolved compositions through the batholith's history and Pb isotopes define distinct fields correlative with the different age and compositionally defined suites of the batholith, whereas the Sr isotopic compositions of the various suites largely overlap. The subsequent Challis magmatism shows the full range of isotopic compositions seen in the batholith. These data suggest that the early suites of metaluminous magmatism (98–87 Ma) represent crust–mantle hybrids. Subsequent voluminous Atlanta peraluminous suite magmatism (83–67 Ma) results primarily from melting of different crustal components. This can be attributed to crustal thickening, resulting from either subduction processes or an outboard terrane collision. A later, smaller crustal melting episode, in the northern Idaho batholith, resulted in the Bitterroot peraluminous suite (66–54 Ma) and tapped different crustal sources. Subsequent Challis magmatism was derived from both crust and mantle sources and corresponds to extensional collapse of the over-thickened crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egr050","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Gaschnig, R.M., Vervoort, J., Lewis, R.S., and Tikoff, B., 2011, Isotopic evolution of the idaho batholith and Challis intrusive province, Northern US Cordillera: Journal of Petrology, v. 52, no. 12, p. 2397-2429, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egr050.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"2397","endPage":"2429","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egr050"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Idaho batholith","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -113.818359375,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -113.203125,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 49.210420445650286\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 49.38237278700955\n ],\n [\n -125.33203125,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -126.12304687500001,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 34.379712580462204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fb5e4b0c8380cd6474e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaschnig, Richard M.","contributorId":31220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaschnig","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vervoort, J.D.","contributorId":98126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vervoort","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, R. 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Here, we demonstrate that biogeochemical processes in a northern Florida subterranean estuary (STE) significantly alter U and Ba concentrations entering the coastal ocean via SGD. Tidal pumping controlled the distribution of dissolved metals in shallow beach groundwater. Hourly observations of intertidal groundwaters revealed high U and low Ba concentrations at high tide as a result of seawater infiltration into the coastal aquifer. During ebb tide, U decreased and Ba increased due to freshwater dilution and, more importantly, biogeochemical reactions that removed U and added Ba to solution. U removal was apparently a result of precipitation following the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV). A significant correlation between Ba and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in shallow beach groundwaters implied a common source, likely the mineralization of marine particulate organic matter driven into the beach face by tidal pumping. In deeper groundwaters, where the labile organic matter had been depleted, Ba correlated with Mn. We estimate that net SGD fluxes were − 163 and + 1660 μmol m− 1 d− 1 for U and Ba, respectively (or − 1 and + 8 μmol m− 2 d− 1 if a 200-m wide seepage area is considered). Our results support the emerging concept that subterranean estuaries are natural biogeochemical reactors where metal concentrations are altered relative to conservative mixing between terrestrial and marine endmembers. These deviations from conservative mixing significantly influence SGD-derived trace metal fluxes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.06.005","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Santos, I., Burnett, W.C., Misra, S., Suryaputra, I., Chanton, J., Dittmar, T., Peterson, R., and Swarzenski, P., 2011, Uranium and barium cycling in a salt wedge subterranean estuary: The influence of tidal pumping: Chemical Geology, v. 287, no. 1-2, p. 114-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.06.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.06.005"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida State University Coastal And Marine Laboratory (fsucml)","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.22,29.59 ], [ -85.22,30.01 ], [ -84.33,30.01 ], [ -84.33,29.59 ], [ -85.22,29.59 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"287","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd83e4b08c986b32907c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Santos, I.R.","contributorId":94499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. 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In coastal Louisiana, the Caernarvon Freshwater Diversion (CFD) is managed to control freshwater discharge from the Mississippi River into Breton Sound basin. Operational since 1991, CFD has undergone several changes in management strategy including pulsed spring flooding, which was introduced in 2001. We used a 20-yr time series of fisheries-independent data to investigate how variation in freshwater inflow (i.e., pre- and post-CFD, and pre and post spring pulsing management) influences the downstream nekton community (abundance, diversity, and assemblage). Analyses of long-term data demonstrated that while there were effects from the CFD, they largely involved subtle changes in community structure. Spatially, effects were largely limited to the sites immediately downstream of the diversion and extended only occasionally to more down-estuary sites. Temporally, effects were 1) immediate (detected during spring diversion events) or 2) delayed (detected several months post-diversion). Analysis of river management found that pulsed spring-time inflow resulted in more significant changes in nekton assemblages, likely due to higher discharge rates that 1) increased marsh flooding, thus increasing marsh habitat accessibility for small resident marsh species, and 2) reduced salinity, possibly causing displacement of marine pelagic species down estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2010.11.001","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Piazza, B.P., and La Peyre, M., 2011, Nekton community response to a large-scale Mississippi River discharge: Examining spatial and temporal response to river management: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 91, no. 3, p. 379-387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.11.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"387","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216439,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.11.001"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Breton Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.3353271484375,\n 29.248063243796576\n ],\n [\n -89.1265869140625,\n 29.08977693862319\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 29.27202470909843\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 29.878755346037977\n ],\n [\n -89.8077392578125,\n 29.997759725578906\n ],\n [\n -90.0494384765625,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -90.0604248046875,\n 29.702368038541767\n ],\n [\n -89.8846435546875,\n 29.54000879252545\n ],\n [\n -89.5220947265625,\n 29.31993078977759\n ],\n [\n -89.3353271484375,\n 29.248063243796576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a643ee4b0c8380cd7294f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piazza, Bryan P.","contributorId":11022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"La Peyre, Megan 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":79375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036080,"text":"70036080 - 2011 - Local weather, regional climate, and annual survival of the northern spotted owl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T20:19:41.8131","indexId":"70036080","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local weather, regional climate, and annual survival of the northern spotted owl","docAbstract":"We used an information-theoretical approach and Cormack—Jolly—Seber models for open populations in program MARK to examine relationships between survival rates of Northern Spotted Owls and a variety of local weather variables and long-term climate variables. In four of the six populations examined, survival was positively associated with wetter than normal conditions during the growing season or high summer temperatures. At the three study areas located at the highest elevations, survival was positively associated with winter temperature but also had a negative or quadratic relation with the number of storms and winter precipitation. A meta-analysis of all six areas combined indicated that annual survival was most strongly associated with phase shifts in the Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which reflect large-scale temperature and precipitation patterns in this region. Climate accounted for a variable amount (1–41%) of the total process variation in annual survival but for more year-to-year variation (3–66%) than did spatial variation among owl territories (0–7%). Negative associations between survival and cold, wet winters and nesting seasons were similar to those found in other studies of the Spotted Owl. The relationships between survival and growing-season precipitation and regional climate patterns, however, had not been reported for this species previously. Climate-change models for the first half of the 21st century predict warmer, wetter winters and hotter, drier summers for the Pacific Northwest. Our results indicate that these conditions could decrease Spotted Owl survival in some areas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.100118","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E., Anthony, R.E., Forsman, E., and Olson, G., 2011, Local weather, regional climate, and annual survival of the northern spotted owl: The Condor, v. 113, no. 1, p. 159-176, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100118.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"176","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218449,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100118"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 48.50204750525715\n ],\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 48.50204750525715\n ],\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 46.92025531537451\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n -119.64111328125,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n -119.64111328125,\n 47.76886840424207\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 47.76886840424207\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 46.9502622421856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 41.983994270935625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48eae4b0c8380cd68219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, E.M.","contributorId":25396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, G.S.","contributorId":83872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035872,"text":"70035872 - 2011 - Bathymetric controls on Pliocene North Atlantic and Arctic sea surface temperature and deepwater production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T20:54:46.048631","indexId":"70035872","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bathymetric controls on Pliocene North Atlantic and Arctic sea surface temperature and deepwater production","docAbstract":"The mid-Pliocene warm period (MPWP; ~ 3.3 to 3.0 Ma) is the most recent interval in Earth's history in which global temperatures reached and remained at levels similar to those projected for the near future. The distribution of global warmth, however, was different than today in that the high latitudes warmed more than the tropics. Multiple temperature proxies indicate significant sea surface warming in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans during the MPWP, but predictions from a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere model (HadCM3) have so far been unable to fully predict the large scale of sea surface warming in the high latitudes. If climate proxies accurately represent Pliocene conditions, and if no weakness exists in the physics of the model, then model boundary conditions may be in error. Here we alter a single boundary condition (bathymetry) to examine if Pliocene high latitude warming was aided by an increase in poleward heat transport due to changes in the subsidence of North Atlantic Ocean ridges. We find an increase in both Arctic sea surface temperature and deepwater production in model experiments that incorporate a deepened Greenland–Scotland Ridge. These results offer both a mechanism for the warming in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans indicated by numerous proxies and an explanation for the apparent disparity between proxy data and model simulations of Pliocene northern North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean conditions. Determining the causes of Pliocene warmth remains critical to fully understanding comparisons of the Pliocene warm period to possible future climate change scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.004","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M.M., Valdes, P., Haywood, A., Dowsett, H., Hill, D., and Jones, S., 2011, Bathymetric controls on Pliocene North Atlantic and Arctic sea surface temperature and deepwater production: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 309, no. 1-2, p. 92-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"97","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.004"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -54.4921875,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -9.84375,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -9.84375,\n 60.58696734225869\n ],\n [\n -54.4921875,\n 60.58696734225869\n ],\n [\n -54.4921875,\n 42.5530802889558\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"309","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f001e4b0c8380cd4a56d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdes, P.J.","contributorId":77331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, D.J.","contributorId":102291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, S.M.","contributorId":82523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035873,"text":"70035873 - 2011 - Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T08:21:28","indexId":"70035873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation","docAbstract":"Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, largely in reduced form (NH4(T)≈NH4(aq)++NH3(aq)o), has been documented in thermal waters throughout Yellowstone National Park, with concentrations ranging from a few micromolar along the Firehole River to millimolar concentrations at Washburn Hot Springs. Indirect evidence from rock nitrogen analyses and previous work on organic compounds associated with Washburn Hot Springs and the Mirror Plateau indicate multiple sources for thermal water NH4(T), including Mesozoic marine sedimentary rocks, Eocene lacustrine deposits, and glacial deposits. A positive correlation between NH4(T) concentration and δ18O of thermal water indicates that boiling is an important mechanism for increasing concentrations of NH4(T) and other solutes in some areas. The isotopic composition of dissolved NH4(T) is highly variable (δ15N = −6‰ to +30‰) and is positively correlated with pH values. In comparison to likely δ15N values of nitrogen source materials (+1‰ to +7‰), high δ15N values in hot springs with pH >5 are attributed to isotope fractionation associated with NH3(aq)o loss by volatilization. NH4(T) in springs with low pH typically is relatively unfractionated, except for some acid springs with negative δ15N values that are attributed to NH3(g)o condensation. NH4(T) concentration and isotopic variations were evident spatially (between springs) and temporally (in individual springs). These variations are likely to be reflected in biomass and sediments associated with the hot springs and outflows. Elevated NH4(T) concentrations can persist for 10s to 1000s of meters in surface waters draining hot spring areas before being completely assimilated or oxidized.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.036","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Holloway, J., Nordstrom, D.K., Böhlke, J., McCleskey, R.B., and Ball, J., 2011, Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 16, p. 4611-4636, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.036.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4611","endPage":"4636","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c0e4b0c8380cd48422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holloway, J.M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":103041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035493,"text":"70035493 - 2011 - Proactive conservation management of an island-endemic bird species in the face of global change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-24T18:08:59.854889","indexId":"70035493","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proactive conservation management of an island-endemic bird species in the face of global change","docAbstract":"Biodiversity conservation in an era of global change and scarce funding benefits from approaches that simultaneously solve multiple problems. Here, we discuss conservation management of the island scrub-jay (Aphelocoma insularis), the only island-endemic passerine species in the continental United States, which is currently restricted to 250-square-kilometer Santa Cruz Island, California. Although the species is not listed as threatened by state or federal agencies, its viability is nonetheless threatened on multiple fronts. We discuss management actions that could reduce extinction risk, including vaccination, captive propagation, biosecurity measures, and establishing a second free-living population on a neighboring island. Establishing a second population on Santa Rosa Island may have the added benefit of accelerating the restoration and enhancing the resilience of that island's currently highly degraded ecosystem. The proactive management framework for island scrub-jays presented here illustrates how strategies for species protection, ecosystem restoration, and adaptation to and mitigation of climate change can converge into an integrated solution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1525/bio.2011.61.12.11","issn":"00063568","usgsCitation":"Morrison, S., Sillett, T., Ghalambor, C.K., Fitzpatrick, J., Graber, D., Bakker, V., Bowman, R., Collins, C., Collins, P., Delaney, K., Doak, D., Koenig, W.D., Laughrin, L., Lieberman, A., Marzluff, J., Reynolds, M., Scott, J.M., Stallcup, J., Vickers, W., and Boyce, W., 2011, Proactive conservation management of an island-endemic bird species in the face of global change: BioScience, v. 61, no. 12, p. 1013-1021, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.12.11.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1013","endPage":"1021","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475117,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.12.11","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.12.11"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"The California Channel Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -117.2900390625,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -117.2900390625,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 32.63937487360669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c78e4b0c8380cd7e6e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, S.A.","contributorId":7930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sillett, T. 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In populations with emigration and immigration, lethal control may induce compensatory immigration, if the source of attraction remains unchanged. Within the Columbia River Basin (Washington, U.S.A.), avian predators forage at dams because dams tend to reduce rates of emigration of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), artificially concentrating these prey. We used differences in fatty acid profiles between Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) at coastal and inland breeding colonies and terns culled by a lethal control program at a mid‐Columbia River dam to infer dispersal patterns. We modeled the rate of loss of fatty acid biomarkers, which are fatty acids that can be traced to a single prey species or groups of species, to infer whether and when terns foraging at dams had emigrated from the coast. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that coastal terns had high levels of C20 and C22 monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas fatty acids of inland breeders were high in C18:3n3, C20:4n6, and C22:5n3. Models of the rate of loss of fatty acid showed that approximately 60% of the terns collected at Rock Island Dam were unlikely to have bred successfully at local (inland) sites, suggesting that terns foraging at dams come from an extensive area. Fatty acid biomarkers may provide accurate information about patterns of dispersal in animal populations and may be extremely valuable in cases where populations differ demonstrably in prey base.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01706.x","usgsCitation":"Maranto, C.J., Parrish, J.K., Herman, D.P., Punt, A., Olden, J., Brett, M.T., and Roby, D.D., 2011, Use of fatty acid analysis to determine dispersal of Caspian Terns in the Columbia River Basin, U.S.A.: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 736-746, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01706.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"746","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.4541015625,\n 45.84410779560204\n ],\n [\n -117.00439453125,\n 45.84410779560204\n ],\n [\n -117.00439453125,\n 48.96579381461063\n ],\n [\n -120.4541015625,\n 48.96579381461063\n ],\n [\n -120.4541015625,\n 45.84410779560204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe63e4b08c986b32957d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maranto, C. 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This paper reviews several key advancements in both technology and science in the field of currents in submarine canyons since the1979 publication of Currents in Submarine Canyons and Other Sea Valleys by Francis Shepard and colleagues. Precise placements of high-resolution, high-frequency instruments have not only allowed researchers to collect new data that are essential for advancing and generalizing theories governing the canyon currents, but have also revealed new natural phenomena that challenge the understandings of the theorists and experimenters in their predictions of submarine canyon flow fields. Baroclinic motions at tidal frequencies, found to be intensified both up canyon and toward the canyon floor, dominate the flow field and control the sediment transport processes in submarine canyons. Turbidity currents are found to frequently occur in active submarine canyons such as Monterey Canyon. These turbidity currents have maximum speeds of nearly 200 cm/s, much smaller than the speeds of turbidity currents in geological time, but still very destructive. In addition to traditional Eulerian measurements, Lagrangian flow data are essential in quantifying water and sediment transport in submarine canyons. A concerted experiment with multiple monitoring stations along the canyon axis and on nearby shelves is required to characterize the storm-trigger mechanism for turbidity currents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00640.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Xu, J.P., 2011, Measuring currents in submarine canyons: technological and scientific progress in the past 30 years: Geosphere, v. 7, no. 4, p. 868-876, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00640.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"868","endPage":"876","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025043","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475331,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00640.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218278,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00640.1"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5346e4b0c8380cd6c981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, J. P.","contributorId":74528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036075,"text":"70036075 - 2011 - Role of the fish astyanax aeneus (Characidae) as a keystone nutrient recycler in low-nutrient neotropical streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T21:59:30.964283","indexId":"70036075","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of the fish astyanax aeneus (Characidae) as a keystone nutrient recycler in low-nutrient neotropical streams","docAbstract":"Nutrient recycling by animals is a potentially important biogeochemical process in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Stoichiometric traits of individual species may result in some taxa playing disproportionately important roles in the recycling of nutrients relative to their biomass, acting as keystone nutrient recyclers. We examined factors controlling the relative contribution of 12 Neotropical fish species to nutrient recycling in four streams spanning a range of phosphorus (P) levels. In high‐P conditions (135 μg/L soluble reactive phosphorus, SRP), most species fed on P‐enriched diets and P excretion rates were high across species. In low‐P conditions (3 μg/L SRP), aquatic food resources were depleted in P, and species with higher body P content showed low rates of P recycling. However, fishes that were subsidized by terrestrial inputs were decoupled from aquatic P availability and therefore excreted P at disproportionately high rates. One of these species, Astyanax aeneus (Characidae), represented 12% of the total population and 18% of the total biomass of the fish assemblage in our focal low‐P study stream but had P excretion rates >10‐fold higher than other abundant fishes. As a result, we estimated that P excretion by A. aeneus accounted for 90% of the P recycled by this fish assemblage and also supplied ∼90% of the stream P demand in this P‐limited ecosystem. Nitrogen excretion rates showed little variation among species, and the contribution of a given species to ecosystem N recycling was largely dependent upon the total biomass of that species. Because of the high variability in P excretion rates among fish species, ecosystem‐level P recycling could be particularly sensitive to changes in fish community structure in P‐limited systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-0081.1","usgsCitation":"Small, G.E., Pringle, C.M., Pyron, M., and Duff, J., 2011, Role of the fish astyanax aeneus (Characidae) as a keystone nutrient recycler in low-nutrient neotropical streams: Ecology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 386-397, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0081.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"397","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.012451171875,\n 9.589917307087418\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 9.589917307087418\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 10.919617760254697\n ],\n [\n -84.012451171875,\n 10.919617760254697\n ],\n [\n -84.012451171875,\n 9.589917307087418\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae70e4b0c8380cd870d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Small, G. E.","contributorId":14675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Small","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, C. M.","contributorId":72902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyron, M.","contributorId":6613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyron","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036225,"text":"70036225 - 2011 - Quantification of a greenhouse hydrologic cycle from equatorial to polar latitudes: The mid-Cretaceous water bearer revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T18:10:50.829732","indexId":"70036225","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of a greenhouse hydrologic cycle from equatorial to polar latitudes: The mid-Cretaceous water bearer revisited","docAbstract":"This study aims to investigate the global hydrologic cycle during the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse by utilizing the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonates (calcite and siderite) as proxies for the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation. The data set builds on the Aptian–Albian sphaerosiderite δ18O data set presented by Ufnar et al. (2002) by incorporating additional low latitude data including pedogenic and early meteoric diagenetic calcite δ18O. Ufnar et al. (2002) used the proxy data derived from the North American Cretaceous Western Interior Basin (KWIB) in a mass balance model to estimate precipitation–evaporation fluxes. We have revised this mass balance model to handle sphaerosiderite and calcite proxies, and to account for longitudinal travel by tropical air masses. We use empirical and general circulation model (GCM) temperature gradients for the mid-Cretaceous, and the empirically derived δ18O composition of groundwater as constraints in our mass balance model. Precipitation flux, evaporation flux, relative humidity, seawater composition, and continental feedback are adjusted to generate model calculated groundwater δ18O compositions (proxy for precipitation δ18O) that match the empirically-derived groundwater δ18O compositions to within ± 0.5‰. The model is calibrated against modern precipitation data sets.
Four different Cretaceous temperature estimates were used: the leaf physiognomy estimates of Wolfe and Upchurch (1987) and Spicer and Corfield (1992), the coolest and warmest Cretaceous estimates compiled by Barron (1983) and model outputs from the GENESIS-MOM GCM by Zhou et al. (2008). Precipitation and evaporation fluxes for all the Cretaceous temperature gradients utilized in the model are greater than modern precipitation and evaporation fluxes. Balancing the model also requires relative humidity in the subtropical dry belt to be significantly reduced. As expected calculated precipitation rates are all greater than modern precipitation rates. Calculated global average precipitation rates range from 371 mm/year to 1196 mm/year greater than modern precipitation rates. Model results support the hypothesis that increased rainout produces δ18O-depleted precipitation.
Sensitivity testing of the model indicates that the amount of water vapor in the air mass, and its origin and pathway, significantly affect the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation. Precipitation δ18O is also sensitive to seawater δ18O and enriched tropical seawater was necessary to simulate proxy data (consistent with fossil and geologic evidence for a warmer and evaporatively enriched Tethys). Improved constraints in variables such as seawater δ18O can help improve boundary conditions for mid-Cretaceous climate simulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.027","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Suarez, M., Gonzalez, L.A., and Ludvigson, G.A., 2011, Quantification of a greenhouse hydrologic cycle from equatorial to polar latitudes: The mid-Cretaceous water bearer revisited: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 307, no. 1-4, p. 301-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.027.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.027"}],"volume":"307","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91a6e4b0c8380cd80398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, M.B.","contributorId":18589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036226,"text":"70036226 - 2011 - The angus mammoth: A decades-old scientific controversy resolved","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T14:58:20.744785","indexId":"70036226","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":700,"text":"American Antiquity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The angus mammoth: A decades-old scientific controversy resolved","docAbstract":"The Angus Mammoth site in south-central Nebraska has been controversial since its discovery in 1931 when a fluted artifact was reported to be associated with the mammoth. For nearly 80 years it has not been known if Angus was a paleontological site predating the human occupation of North America as has been asserted by some geologists and paleontologists, or an archaeological site dating to the late Pleistocene as has been advocated by some archaeologists. Geomorphic study and luminescence dating have finally solved the problem after nearly eight decades. Although microwear and technological analyses have determined that the Angus biface is an authentic artifact, TL and IRSL dates have shown that the matrix above the mammoth is much too old for a mammoth/fluted point association to be valid.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.7183/0002-7316.76.3.487","usgsCitation":"Holen, S., May, D., and Mahan, S.A., 2011, The angus mammoth: A decades-old scientific controversy resolved: American Antiquity, v. 76, no. 3, p. 487-499, https://doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.76.3.487.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"499","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Nuckolls County","city":"Angus","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-97.8236,40.3505],[-97.8206,40.351],[-97.8215,40.0035],[-97.93,40.0031],[-97.9939,40.0029],[-98.0294,40.0029],[-98.2755,40.0038],[-98.2744,40.3507],[-98.0493,40.352],[-97.9371,40.3506],[-97.8236,40.3505]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nuckolls\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","volume":"76","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9bee4b08c986b3224a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holen, Steven R.","contributorId":198785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holen","given":"Steven R.","affiliations":[{"id":35320,"text":"Center for American Paleolithic Research","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16175,"text":"San Diego Natural History Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, D.W.","contributorId":16255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035488,"text":"70035488 - 2011 - Continuous salinity and temperature data from San Francisco estuary, 1982-2002: Trends and the salinity-freshwater inflow relationship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T08:13:50","indexId":"70035488","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous salinity and temperature data from San Francisco estuary, 1982-2002: Trends and the salinity-freshwater inflow relationship","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and other federal and state agencies have been collecting continuous temperature and salinity data, two critical estuarine habitat variables, throughout San Francisco estuary for over two decades. Although this dynamic, highly variable system has been well studied, many questions remain relating to the effects of freshwater inflow and other physical and biological linkages. This study examines up to 20 years of publicly available, continuous temperature and salinity data from 10 different San Francisco Bay stations to identify trends in temperature and salinity and quantify the salinityfreshwater inflow relationship. Several trends in the salinity and temperature records were identified, although the high degree of daily and interannual variability confounds the analysis. In addition, freshwater inflow to the estuary has a range of effects on salinity from -0.0020 to -0.0096 (m3 s-1) -1 discharge, depending on location in the estuary and the timescale of analyzed data. Finally, we documented that changes in freshwater inflow to the estuary that are within the range of typical management actions can affect bay-wide salinities by 0.61.4. This study reinforces the idea that multidecadal records are needed to identify trends from decadal changes in water management and climate and, therefore, are extremely valuable.
","language":"English","publisher":"Boone","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-10-00113.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Shellenbarger, G., and Schoellhamer, D., 2011, Continuous salinity and temperature data from San Francisco estuary, 1982-2002: Trends and the salinity-freshwater inflow relationship: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 27, no. 6, p. 1191-1201, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-10-00113.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1191","endPage":"1201","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa5fe4b0c8380cd4da97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shellenbarger, Gregory gshellen@usgs.gov","contributorId":174805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"Gregory","email":"gshellen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035484,"text":"70035484 - 2011 - Grassland bird use of oak barrens and dry prairies in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T15:28:44","indexId":"70035484","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grassland bird use of oak barrens and dry prairies in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Grassland bird populations have declined more than any other group of birds in North America and are of conservation concern to state and federal agencies. We determined relative abundances of grassland birds in oak barrens and dry sand prairies—native habitat types rare in the state of Wisconsin. We also investigated the association of relative abundance, patch size, and patch vegetation. Our study was conducted May–July 2000–2002 on Fort McCoy Military Installation in Monroe County, Wisconsin. Fourteen grassland bird species were found in native habitat patches. Vesper sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), and field sparrow (Spizella pusilla) were the most abundant grassland bird species; all are species of management concern in Wisconsin. Of the most abundant species, only grasshopper sparrow relative abundance increased as patch size increased; vesper sparrow and field sparrow relative abundances decreased as patch size increased. Though found at lower relative abundances, horned larks (Erephila alpestris), savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), and upland sandpipers (Bartramia longicauda) were found at higher relative abundances as patch size increased. Patch vegetation was important for some species. Vesper sparrows were found at higher abundances in patches with shorter, less dense vegetation and higher woody cover, eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) relative abundances were higher in patches with higher proportions of grass, and dickcissel (Spiza americana) relative abundances were higher in patches with taller, denser vegetation and lower proportions of litter. Native habitats are important for grassland bird species of management concern and large patches are particularly important for some of them.
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