Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed for 21 d to sublethal levels of No. 2 fuel oil (2FO). The four exposure concentrations ranged from 12 to 100 mg/L 2FO dispersed in water and resulted in 0 to 12% mortality. Following this exposure period (preexposure) the ability of preexposed trout to survive exposure to acutely lethal levels of 2FO was observed. Preexposure to either 50 or 100 mg/L 2FO consistently resulted in decreased survival and a lower LC50 for a given observation period. Unfortunately, because the LC50 determinations were not obtained independently, they could not be used to test statistically the effects of preexposure on survival. Therefore, two proportional hazard modeling techniques were applied to the data to test for effects due to preexposure. Both modeling techniques indicated that preexposure results in decreased survival of rainbow trout exposed to acutely toxic levels of 2FO. Thus, in contrast to preexposure to metals, which results in acclimation, preexposure to 2FO results in decreased survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620100308","usgsCitation":"Steadman, B.L., Stubblefield, W.A., Lapoint, T.W., Bergman, H., and Kaiser, M., 1991, Decreased survival of rainbow trout exposed to no. 2 fuel oil caused by sublethal preexposure: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 10, no. 3, p. 355-363, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620100308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"363","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5822f23de4b0ef3123a9704a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steadman, B. L.","contributorId":176635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steadman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stubblefield, W. A.","contributorId":176736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stubblefield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lapoint, T. W.","contributorId":176737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapoint","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergman, H.L.","contributorId":73553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaiser, M.S.","contributorId":37836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175820,"text":"70175820 - 1991 - Water use in Minnesota, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:51:16","indexId":"70175820","displayToPublicDate":"1991-02-28T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5186,"text":"Water Use Map Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Water use in Minnesota, 1985","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82defe4b03fd6b7da3a68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trotta, L. C.","contributorId":63410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trotta","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170915,"text":"70170915 - 1991 - Particle size distributions by Pipet and sedigraph","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:03:12","indexId":"70170915","displayToPublicDate":"1991-02-01T13:30:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Particle size distributions by Pipet and sedigraph","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project, Volume 1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"5th Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceDate":"March 18-21, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","publisherLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","usgsCitation":"Hotchkiss, R., 1991, Particle size distributions by Pipet and sedigraph, in Proceedings: Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project, Volume 1, v. 1, Las Vegas, NV, March 18-21, 1991, p. 47-54.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57330633e4b0dae0d5dcd20b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotchkiss, R.H.","contributorId":169248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207891,"text":"70207891 - 1991 - Degassing and differentiation in subglacial volcanoes, Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T10:46:14","indexId":"70207891","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-17T10:34:56","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degassing and differentiation in subglacial volcanoes, Iceland","docAbstract":"Within the neovolcanic zones of Iceland many volcanoes grew upward through icecaps that have subsequently melted. These steep-walled and flat-topped basaltic subglacial volcanoes, called tuyas, are composed of a lower sequence of subaqueously erupted, pillowed lavas overlain by breccias and hyaloclastites produced by phreatomagmatic explosions in shallow water, capped by a subaerially erupted lava plateau. Glass and whole-rock analyses of samples collected from six tuyas indicate systematic variations in major elements showing that the individual volcanoes are monogenetic, and that commonly the tholeiitic magmas differentiated and became more evolved through the course of the eruption that built the tuya. At Herdubreid, the most extensively studies tuya, the upward change in composition indicates that more than 50 wt.% of the first erupted lavas need crystallize over a range of 60°C to produce the last erupted lavas. The S content of glass commonly decreases upward in the tuyas from an average of about 0.08 wt.% at the base to < 0.02 wt.% in the subaerially erupted lava at the top, and is a measure of the depth of water (or ice) above the eruptive vent. The extensive subsurface crystallization that generates the more evolved, lower-temperature melts during the growth of the tuyas, apparently results from cooling and degassing of magma contained in shallow magma chambers and feeders beneath the volcanoes. Cooling may result from percolation of meltwater down cracks, vaporization, and cycling in a hydrothermal circulation. Degassing occurs when progressively lower pressure eruption (as the volcanic vent grows above the ice/water surface) lowers the volatile vapour pressure of subsurface melt, thus elevating the temperature of the liquidus and hastening liquid-crystal differentiation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier B.V.","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(91)90081-A","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Calk, L.C., 1991, Degassing and differentiation in subglacial volcanoes, Iceland: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 46, no. 1-2, p. 157-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(91)90081-A.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"180","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(91)90081-a","text":"External Repository"},{"id":371334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-14.5087,66.45589],[-14.73964,65.80875],[-13.60973,65.12667],[-14.90983,64.36408],[-17.79444,63.67875],[-18.65625,63.49638],[-19.97275,63.64363],[-22.76297,63.96018],[-21.77848,64.40212],[-23.95504,64.89113],[-22.1844,65.08497],[-22.22742,65.37859],[-24.32618,65.61119],[-23.65051,66.26252],[-22.13492,66.41047],[-20.57628,65.73211],[-19.05684,66.2766],[-17.79862,65.99385],[-16.16782,66.52679],[-14.5087,66.45589]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iceland\"}}]}","volume":"46","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calk, L. C.","contributorId":54261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calk","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016557,"text":"70016557 - 1991 - Microbial production of organic acids in aquitard sediments and its role in aquifer geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T17:33:15.279675","indexId":"70016557","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial production of organic acids in aquitard sediments and its role in aquifer geochemistry","docAbstract":"Microbial activity in aquifers plays an important part in the chemical evolution of ground water1–5. The most important terminal electron-accepting microbial processes in deeply buried anaerobic aquifers are iron reduction, sulphate reduction and methanogenesis5–8, each of which requires simple organic compounds or hydrogen (H2) as electron donors. Until now, the source of these compounds was unknown because the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and sedimentary organic carbon in aquifers are extremely low9–11. Here we show that rates of microbial fermentation exceed rates of respiration in organic-rich aquitards (low-permeability sediments stratigraphically adjacent to higher-permeability aquifer sediments), resulting in a net accumulation of simple organic acids in pore waters. In aquifers, however, respiration outpaces fermentation, resulting in a net consumption of organic acids. The concentration gradient that develops in response to these two processes drives a net diffusive flux of organic acids from aquitards to aquifers. Diffusion calculations demonstrate that rates of organic acid transport are sufficient to account for observed rates of microbial respiration in aquifers. This overall process effectively links the large pool of sedimentary organic carbon in aquitards to microbial respiration in aquifers, and is a principal mechanism driving groundwater chemistry changes in aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/349233a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 1991, Microbial production of organic acids in aquitard sediments and its role in aquifer geochemistry: Nature, v. 349, no. 6306, p. 233-235, https://doi.org/10.1038/349233a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"349","issue":"6306","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a565ae4b0c8380cd6d525","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19112,"text":"ofr91237 - 1991 - Simulation of the effects of proposed tide gates on circulation, flushing, and water quality in residential canals, Cape Coral, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T18:12:46.766791","indexId":"ofr91237","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T22:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-237","title":"Simulation of the effects of proposed tide gates on circulation, flushing, and water quality in residential canals, Cape Coral, Florida","docAbstract":"Decades of dredging and filling of Florida's low-lying coastal wetlands have produced thousands of miles of residential tidal canals and adjacent waterfront property. Typically, these canals are poorly flushed, and over time, accumulated organic-rich bottom materials, contribute to an increasingly severe degraded water quality. One-dimensional hydrodynamic and constituent-transport models were applied to two dead-end canal systems to determine the effects of canal system interconnection using tide gates on water circulation and constituent flushing. The model simulates existing and possible future circulation and flushing conditions in about 29 miles of the approximately 130 miles of tidally influenced canals in Cape Coral, located on the central west coast of peninsular Florida.\r\n\r\nModel results indicate that tidal water-level differences between the two canal systems can be converted to kinetic energy, in the form of increased water circulation, but the use of one-way tide gate interconnections. Computations show that construction of from one to four tide gates will cause replacement of a volume of water equivalent to the total volume of canals in both systems in 15 to 9 days, respectively. Because some canals flush faster than others, 47 and 21 percent of the original canal water will remain in both systems 50 days after start of operation of one and four tide gates, respectively. Some of the effects that such increased flushing are expected to have include reduced density stratification and associated dissolved-oxygen depletion in canal bottom waters, increased localized reaeration, and more efficient discharge of stormwater runoff entering the canals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91237","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, C., 1991, Simulation of the effects of proposed tide gates on circulation, flushing, and water quality in residential canals, Cape Coral, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-237, v, 43 p.., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91237.","productDescription":"v, 43 p..","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":48555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0237/ofr91237.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":150676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0237/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Cape Coral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.19627380371094,\n 26.48901134262387\n ],\n [\n -81.88179016113281,\n 26.48901134262387\n ],\n [\n -81.88179016113281,\n 26.713720362159577\n ],\n [\n -82.19627380371094,\n 26.713720362159577\n ],\n [\n -82.19627380371094,\n 26.48901134262387\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
In late 1988, parallel studies of Lake Five‐O (pH 5.14) in the Florida panhandle and Lake Barco (pH 4.50) in north central Florida were initiated to develop hydrologic and major ion budgets of these lakes as part of an overall effort to improve understanding of the hydrologic, depositional, and biogeochemical factors that control acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) in seepage lakes. Preliminary findings from these studies indicate that earlier perceptions of lake hydrology and mechanisms of ANC regulation in Florida seepage lakes may have to be revised. The traditional perspective of seepage lakes in the Florida panhandle views these systems as dominated by precipitation inputs and that ANC regulation is due largely to in‐lake processes. Our results for Lake Five‐O show modest to steep hydraulic gradients almost entirely around the lake. In addition, the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the surficial aquifer is high (8–74 m day−1), indicating that large quantities of groundwater flow into Lake Five‐O. Calculations of net groundwater flow from hydrologic budgets also indicate that groundwater may comprise at least 38 to 46% of the total inflow. For Lake Barco, net flow estimates of the minimum groundwater inflow range from 5 to 14% of total inflow. Enrichment factor and ion flux calculations for Lake Five‐O and Lake Barco indicate that terrestrial as well as in‐lake processes contribute significantly to ANC regulation. The extent that terrestrial processes contribute to ANC generation is directly related to the magnitude of groundwater inflow as well as the degree of ion enrichment or depletion that occurs in the surficial aquifer. Net ANC generation in both study lakes was dominated by anion retention (NO3− and SO42−). Where previous studies concluded that in‐lake reduction was the primary sink for SO42−, our preliminary calculations show that adsorption of SO42− within the watershed is perhaps twice as important as in‐lake reduction as a source of ANC. Net base cation enrichment in both lakes was negligible.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91WR01435","usgsCitation":"Pollman, C.D., Lee, T.M., Andrews, W.J., Sacks, L.A., Gherini, S., and Munson, R., 1991, Preliminary analysis of the hydrologic and geochemical controls on acid‐neutralizing capacity in two acidic seepage lakes in Florida: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 9, p. 2321-2335, https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR01435.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2321","endPage":"2335","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":381072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"27","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollman, Curtis D.","contributorId":245504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollman","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, T. M.","contributorId":67855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sacks, L. A.","contributorId":83092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gherini, S.A.","contributorId":245505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gherini","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Munson, R.K.","contributorId":245506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munson","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70006376,"text":"70006376 - 1991 - International Lake and Watershed Liming Practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T15:36:05","indexId":"70006376","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T15:34:13","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"International Lake and Watershed Liming Practices","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"The Terrene Institute, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Olem, H., Schreiber, R.K., Brocksen, R.W., and Porcella, D.B., 1991, International Lake and Watershed Liming Practices, 245 p.","productDescription":"245 p.","numberOfPages":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f2e4b07b8813a554ce","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Olem, H.","contributorId":112359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olem","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508312,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiber, R.K.","contributorId":92988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508310,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocksen, R.W.","contributorId":112312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocksen","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508311,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porcella, D.B.","contributorId":112742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcella","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508313,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Olem, Harvey","contributorId":40904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olem","given":"Harvey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiber, R. Kent","contributorId":58145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocksen, Robert W.","contributorId":90642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocksen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porcella, Donald B.","contributorId":71101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcella","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25170,"text":"25170 - 1991 - Conterminous U.S. AVHRR companion disc: USA-USGS-EDC-AVHRR-9107","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T14:20:39","indexId":"25170","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T14:19:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Conterminous U.S. AVHRR companion disc: USA-USGS-EDC-AVHRR-9107","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/25170","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, Conterminous U.S. AVHRR companion disc: USA-USGS-EDC-AVHRR-9107, 1 computer laser optical disk, https://doi.org/10.3133/25170.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disk","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fc05e4b0b58d96eeb571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198954,"text":"70198954 - 1991 - Assessing the solubilities and reaction kinetics of aluminous minerals in soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-27T14:07:39","indexId":"70198954","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T14:05:44","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Assessing the solubilities and reaction kinetics of aluminous minerals in soils","docAbstract":"The use of chemical thermodynamics and reaction kinetics is necessary to quantitatively model the transformation of aluminous minerals and their dissolved constituents in soils and other geochemical systems. Soils are thermodynamically open systems subject to atmospheric and biological forces and do not attain overall thermodynamic equilibrium with respect to either mass or time. However, local or partial equilibrium conditions may persist for particular minerals and their dissolved constituents. Igneous and metamorphic primary minerals break down chemically to yield disordered gels or colloids and constituent ions, which can then reorganize or precipitate to form more stable hydrous oxides, silicates, carbonates or other mineral species. Naturally-occurring iron and aluminum hydrous oxides and kaolin clays, abundant in highly weathered soils, are commonly believed to be the ultimate, stable end products of weathering reactions, but usually are thermodynamically metastable with respect to more perfectly ordered, synthetic specimens. Thermodynamic stability is no guaranty of mineral persistence; with sufficient time, even the most perfectly crystallized, stable mineral will yield to the solubilizing assault of undersaturated surface waters. All of the dissolution and precipitation reactions of soil minerals are driven by energy differences in the thermodynamic stabilities of reactants and products, and the velocities (or kinetics) of such reactions are regulated by variables of the hydrogeochemical environment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solid acidity","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-74442-6_6","usgsCitation":"May, H.M., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1991, Assessing the solubilities and reaction kinetics of aluminous minerals in soils, chap. of Solid acidity, p. 125-148, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74442-6_6.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"148","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c11243ce4b034bf6a81deb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Howard M.","contributorId":27202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":743566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125979,"text":"70125979 - 1991 - Multipurpose wetlands phase 1: effectiveness of constructed wetlands as an integral part of total water resources management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-18T14:04:09","indexId":"70125979","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T14:03:28","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Multipurpose wetlands phase 1: effectiveness of constructed wetlands as an integral part of total water resources management","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Eastern Municipal Water District","publisherLocation":"San Jacinto, CA","usgsCitation":"Bureau of Reclamation, 1991, Multipurpose wetlands phase 1: effectiveness of constructed wetlands as an integral part of total water resources management, 100 p.","productDescription":"100 p.","numberOfPages":"100","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf43fe4b0e96537ddf783","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","contributorId":127878,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bureau of Reclamation","id":535672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70126506,"text":"70126506 - 1991 - User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base, version 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T12:19:17","indexId":"70126506","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T13:53:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base, version 2","docAbstract":"Wetland creation or restoration projects are frequently proposed as mitigation for unavoidable wetland losses, as components of wetland enhancement programs, and as tools to accomplish specific objectives such as waterfowl production or flood control. There is considerable controversy concerning the effectiveness of such projects as well as the most appropriate and efficient techniques to employ. The importance of the resource and the long time scales involved in fully evaluating a creation or restoration effort make it imperative to consider existing information as fully as possible in the development and evaluation of wetland creation or restoration proposals.
To aid in the evaluation of wetland/creation efforts, the U.s. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Ecology Research Center, has developed the Wetland Creation/Restoration (WCR) Data Base. The data base is a highly indexed or keyworded bibliography of wetland creation or restoration articles. (\"Articles\" refers to any type of publication that deals specifically with wetland creation/restoration projects or studies.) The scope of the articles is international, although most of them are concerned with projects conducted in the United States. Information coded for each article includes author; citation; type of wetland and its location in terms of state, ecoregion, and FWS region; type of study undertaken; objectives in creating or restoring the wetland; actions performed to realize those objectives; length of time encompassed by the study; evaluation of results and responses to the wetland creation/restoration actions; and a listing of plant species significant to the project. A brief annotation summarizes the article and includes any significant additional information that may not be adequately reflected in the above described fields.
Many of these articles describe only one or two components of a total wetland restoration effort. Planning a project that is designed to restore a wetland system (including at least some of its functions) is similar to constructing a picture from a number of puzzle pieces--missing pieces represent data gaps or information that is not available. Articles range from specific case studies, to overviews of restoration methods and techniques, to planning restoration projects and assessing programmatic and administrative backgrounds and interactions.
In this data base, the term \"restoration\" is applied loosely to include rehabilitation of wetlands. It may refer to a number of situations or actions including, but not limited to:
1. breaching dikes or plugging drains;
2. water pollution clean-up;
3. conversion of eutrophic conditions;
4. wastewater treatment;
5. recolonization of previously disturbed or denuded areas;
6. amelioration of adverse conditions (erosion, wave, or wind action);
7. soil treatment --mulching, fertilization;
8. rerouting streams --may include construction of meander patterns;
9. monitoring natural vegetation; or
0. excluding grazers (geese, cattle) and monitoring results.
This report describes the format and content of Version 2 of the WCR data base. Version 2 differs from the previous version described in SchnellerMcDonald et al. (1988): several fields have been dropped and condensed and new records have been added. Version 2 includes all records distributed with the earlier version and its updates. We recommend you replace any previous version with Version 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., Auble, G.T., and Schneller-McDonald, K., 1991, User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base, version 2, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb3be4b08312ac7cf124","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Lee","contributorId":41757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneller-McDonald, Keith","contributorId":37661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneller-McDonald","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170332,"text":"70170332 - 1991 - Evaluation of unsaturated zone air permeability through pneumatic tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T06:20:31","indexId":"70170332","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of unsaturated zone air permeability through pneumatic tests","docAbstract":"Predicting the steady state distribution of air pressure in the unsaturated zone resulting from a pneumatic test provides a method for determining air-phase permeability. This technique is analogous to the inverse problem of well hydraulics; however, air flow is more complicated than ground water flow because of air compressibility, the Klinkenberg effect, variations in air density and viscosity that result from temperature fluctuations in the unsaturated zone and the possibility of inducing water movement during the pneumatic test. An analysis of these complicating factors reveals that, when induced water movement can be neglected, a linear version of the airflow equation can provide an appropriate approximation for the purpose of determining air-phase permeability. Two analytical solutions for steady state, two-dimensional, axisymmetric airflow to a single well partially screened in the unsaturated zone are developed. One solution applies where there is a stratum of relatively low air permeability, separating the stratum in which the well is completed, from the atmosphere. The other solution applies where there is no separating stratum between the domain and atmosphere. In both situations the water table forms the lower horizontal boundary. Applications of both solutions to determine air permeability from data collected during pneumatic tests are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91WR01655","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., and Hult, M.F., 1991, Evaluation of unsaturated zone air permeability through pneumatic tests: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 10, p. 2605-2617, https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR01655.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2605","endPage":"2617","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57160536e4b0ef3b7ca91ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hult, Marc F.","contributorId":18344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074736,"text":"70074736 - 1991 - Electromagnetic terrain conductive and ground penetrating radar investigation at and near the Ciba-Geigy Superfund site, Ocean County, New Jersey: quality control assurance plan and results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-03T13:03:47","indexId":"70074736","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:59:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Electromagnetic terrain conductive and ground penetrating radar investigation at and near the Ciba-Geigy Superfund site, Ocean County, New Jersey: quality control assurance plan and results","docAbstract":"Ground water is the principal source of drinking water in the\nvicinity of the Ciba-Geigy Superfund site near Toms River, Ocean County,\nNew Jersey. The presence of earlier identified point sources of\norganic-compound and, to a lesser extent, metals contamination dt the\nCiba-Geigy Toms River Chemical Company Plant has resulted-in severe\ndegradation of ground-water quality and has increased the potentiil for\nwater-supply problems (NUS Corporation, 1988). The point sources of\ncontamination include a manufacturing area, a backfilled-lagoons area, a\nformer fire-prevention training area, several sludge-disposal areas, and\na drum-disposal area. A borrow area also is considered a potential\nsource of contamination (Camp Dresser 6 McKee, Inc., 1989).\nThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requested that the U.S.\nGeological Survey evaluate the hydrogeologic conditions in the Kirkwood-\nCohansey aquifer system (Zapecza, 1989) and the extent of ground-water\ncontamination on the property of the plant (which includes the Superfund\nsite) and in Winding River Park, which borders the Toms River\nimmediately to the east of the Superfund site (Barton, 1989). This\ninvestigation included an electromagnetic-induction survey covering\n45 line miles throughout the site and a ground-penetrating-radar survey\nin part of the borrow area.\nThe quality assurance/quality control plan (QA/QC) for the\nelectromagnetic-induction survey established guidelines for performance,\nsystem audits, and data validation, and set control limits for\ninstrument and procedural precision. The QA/QC plan for the groundpenetrating-\nradar survey sets guidelines for performance and system\naudits.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems","conferenceTitle":"4th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems","conferenceDate":"1991-03-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Knoxville, TN","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","publisherLocation":"Golden, CO","usgsCitation":"Barton, G., and Ivahnenko, T., 1991, Electromagnetic terrain conductive and ground penetrating radar investigation at and near the Ciba-Geigy Superfund site, Ocean County, New Jersey: quality control assurance plan and results, p. 357-359.","productDescription":"p. 357-359","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Ocean County","otherGeospatial":"Ciby-geigy Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.553105,39.475198 ], [ -74.553105,40.172355 ], [ -73.965414,40.172355 ], [ -73.965414,39.475198 ], [ -74.553105,39.475198 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd574ee4b0b290850f7670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ivahnenko, Tamara 0000-0002-1124-7688 ivahnenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-7688","contributorId":93524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"Tamara","email":"ivahnenk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57,"text":"57 - 1991 - Geographic information systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T11:38:43","indexId":"57","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:37:54","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Geographic information systems","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/57","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, Geographic information systems, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/57.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e52e4b0beb42bdca3f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70126468,"text":"70126468 - 1991 - Water quality work plan for pipestone national monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T11:32:32","indexId":"70126468","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:32:01","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Water quality work plan for pipestone national monument","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Report to Midwestern Regional Science Office","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Harris, M., Kondratieff, B., and Boyle, T., 1991, Water quality work plan for pipestone national monument.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb3ce4b08312ac7cf12a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, M.A.","contributorId":101278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondratieff, B.C.","contributorId":103230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, T.P.","contributorId":79061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126196,"text":"70126196 - 1991 - Riparian vegetation of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River, Colorado: composition and response to selected hydrologic regimes based on a direct gradient assessment model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-19T11:30:45","indexId":"70126196","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:26:18","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Riparian vegetation of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River, Colorado: composition and response to selected hydrologic regimes based on a direct gradient assessment model","docAbstract":"The Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument is located along the Gunnison River on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains in Montrose County, Colorado. The canyon is narrow because it is cut into resistant pre-Cambrian gneiss: it has a maximum depth of 900m and a minimum width of 300m from rim to rim (Hansen 1987). The watershed is 10,000 square km. A 450-m study reach was selected by the National Park Service (Fig. 1). The width of the canyon bottom within the study reach varies from 40 to 90 m, the gradient is 0.0128, and the elevation is approximately 1707 m. Average annual precipitation is 370 m (Colorado Climate Center 1984). Because of the steep canyon walls the study reach is inaccessible to livestock and has probably never been grazed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the National Park Service.","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Friedman, J.M., and Scott, M.L., 1991, Riparian vegetation of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River, Colorado: composition and response to selected hydrologic regimes based on a direct gradient assessment model, 79 p.","productDescription":"79 p.","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.026538,38.503194 ], [ -107.026538,38.663596 ], [ -106.847142,38.663596 ], [ -106.847142,38.503194 ], [ -107.026538,38.503194 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d45a2e4b0f68901ec30e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57207,"text":"ofr91507 - 1991 - Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18166,"text":"ofr90142 - 1990 - Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr90142","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":57207,"text":"ofr91507 - 1991 - Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr91507","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T11:29:56","indexId":"ofr91507","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:24:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-507","title":"Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91507","usgsCitation":"Blackwell, C.D., 1991, Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-507, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91507.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57feb9e0e4b0824b2d156159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwell, Cassandra D.","contributorId":25562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwell","given":"Cassandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039403,"text":"70039403 - 1991 - Types of maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-04T01:01:57","indexId":"70039403","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:24:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Types of maps","docAbstract":"This booklet lists some of the many types of maps and charts available from the Federal Government-from demographic maps to foreign aeronautical charts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039403","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, Types of maps: General Information Product, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039403.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261552,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039403/report.pdf"},{"id":261553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039403/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9b2e4b08c986b327d4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138473,"text":"70138473 - 1991 - Late Quaternary stratigraphy and depositional history of the Long Island Sound basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T13:22:42","indexId":"70138473","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary stratigraphy and depositional history of the Long Island Sound basin","docAbstract":"The stratigraphy of Late Quaternary geologic units beneath Long Island Sound (LIS) is interpreted from 3,500 km of high-resolution, seismic-reflection profiles supplemented by vibracore data. Knowledge gained from onshore regional geologic studies and previous offshore investigations is also incorporated in these interpretations.
\nGlacial deposits overlie and nearly fill an Inner Lowland which is floored by crystalline rocks in the north and bounded to the south by an irregular, north-facing cuesta scarp in Cretaceous Coastal-Plain strata. The thick glacial section consists largely of sediment that was deposited in glacial Lake Connecticut during the retreat of the last (late Wisconsin) ice sheet.
\nIce-marginal lacustrine fan deposits and submerged extensions of the southeastern Connecticut recessional moraines mark positions of the ice margin during systematic northward retreat. When the ice margin stood at positions just north of the present shoreline of Connecticut (17.6-16.5 ka), glacial Lake Connecticut was slightly larger than Long Island Sound is today. Ice-marginal deltas and near-ice marginal fluviodeltaic deposits occur along coastal Connecticut. Delta-building was diachronous; progressively younger deltas record northwesterly retreat of the ice margin and lowering lake levels. Distally from the deltas, varied lake-clays (up to 150 m thick) drape the underlying topography.
\nThe lake spillway cut across the Harbor Hill-Roanoke Point-Fishers Island-Charlestown end moraine at its lowest point just west of Fishers Island (The Race). Lake levels fell as the spillway notch was erosionally deepened, and gradually the lakebed became subaerially exposed. A largely preserved channel system cuts the lake-deposit surface; fluvial channel-fill sediments are overlain by estuarine sediments in the channel system. Perhaps as early as 15 ka, but no later than 13 ka, the sea entered the Basin through the channel at The Race and quickly transgressed westward via the lakebed channel system. As the sea rose further and spread throughout the Basin, a wave-cut surface was formed. Extensive marine deltaic deposits, up to 40 m thick, overlie the wave-cut marine unconformity in the east-central part of the Basin. These sediments were derived from erosion of the drained bed of Lake Hitchcock, in the Connecticut valley to the north, and were deposited in a -40-m relative sea at about 12.4 ka.
\nWhere quiet waters prevail, marine mud generally less than 15 m thick blankets the older deposits of the Basin. Elsewhere, especially in eastern LIS, tidal currents are actively reworking and transporting glacial and postglacial deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation","publisherLocation":"Fort Lauderdale, FL","usgsCitation":"Lewis, R., and Stone, J.R., 1991, Late Quaternary stratigraphy and depositional history of the Long Island Sound basin: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 11, p. 1-23.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25735570"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -71.8670654296875,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -71.8670654296875,\n 41.32320110223851\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 41.32320110223851\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.63896734381723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2be0e4b08de9379b353d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Ralph S.","contributorId":9288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Ralph S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198603,"text":"70198603 - 1991 - Effects of surfactants on the mobility of nonpolar organic contaminants in porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:25:30","indexId":"70198603","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T10:09:32","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of surfactants on the mobility of nonpolar organic contaminants in porous media","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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