{"pageNumber":"179","pageRowStart":"4450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":36989,"records":[{"id":80581,"text":"ofr20071239 - 2007 - Visitor and community survey results for Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge: Completion report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T17:42:30","indexId":"ofr20071239","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1239","title":"Visitor and community survey results for Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge: Completion report","docAbstract":"<p>This study was commissioned by the Northeast Region of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in support of the Comprehensive Conservation Planning at Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge (Prime Hook NWR or Refuge). The National Wildlife Refuge Improvement Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-57, USC668dd) mandates a Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) for every refuge in the system. A refuge CCP outlines goals, objectives, and management strategies for all refuge programs over the next 15 years, while providing opportunities for compatible, wildlifedependent public uses. The plan evaluates refuge wildlife, habitat, land protection, and visitor service priorities during the planning process.</p>\n<p>The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA; Public Law 91-190:852-859.42, U.S.C. and as Amended (P.L. 94-52 and P.L. 94-83) 42 U.S.C. 4321-4347) mandates that the CCP for each refuge must contain an analysis of social and economic conditions (the affected environment) and evaluate social and economic results from likely management scenarios. In addition, public review and comment on alternatives for future management is required. To that end, this research was conducted by the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance Branch (PASA) of the U.S. Geological Survey/Fort Collins Science Center in order to determine how current and proposed CCP planning strategies for Prime Hook NWR could affect:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Visitor use</li>\n<li>Visitor experiences</li>\n<li>Visitor spending</li>\n<li>Community residents&rsquo; perceptions and opinions</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Data for this study were collected using a survey administered to visitors to Prime Hook NWR and individuals living in the communities surrounding the Refuge. Surveys were randomly distributed to both consumptive and nonconsumptive use visitors over a one year period (September 2004 to September 2005) to account for seasonal variation in Refuge use. Three hundred thirty-two visitor surveys were returned for a response rate of 80 percent with a confidence interval of &plusmn; 5.4. Surveys were also distributed to a stratified random sample of community members in adjacent and surrounding areas (Slaughter Beach, Broadkill Beach, Prime Hook Beach, Milton, Lewes, Milford, and surrounding communities). Four hundred ninety-one surveys from the overall community sample were returned for a response rate of 39 percent with a &plusmn; 4.4 confidence interval. Community member results were weighted by U.S. Census Bureau data to correct for age and gender bias, and for community proportionality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071239","usgsCitation":"Sexton, N.R., Stewart, S., Koontz, L., Ponds, P., and Walters, K.D., 2007, Visitor and community survey results for Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge: Completion report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1239, Report: xii, 63 p.; Appendices A-F, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071239.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 63 p.; Appendices A-F","numberOfPages":"235","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191509,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071239.PNG"},{"id":320215,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Susan C.","contributorId":48257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":293010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea","contributorId":88788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walters, Katherine D.","contributorId":73288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":80161,"text":"ofr20071016 - 2007 - Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":80161,"text":"ofr20071016 - 2007 - Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring","indexId":"ofr20071016","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70032854,"text":"70032854 - 2008 - Demography and movement in a relocated population of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa): Influence of season and gender","indexId":"70032854","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Demography and movement in a relocated population of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa): Influence of season and gender"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70032854,"text":"70032854 - 2008 - Demography and movement in a relocated population of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa): Influence of season and gender","indexId":"70032854","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Demography and movement in a relocated population of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa): Influence of season and gender"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T16:35:43","indexId":"ofr20071016","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1016","title":"Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring","docAbstract":"<p><span>From 2001 to 2005, we studied the demography and seasonal movement of Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) translocated into created ponds in Dilman Meadow in central Oregon. Our objectives were to inform future monitoring and management at the site, and to elucidate poorly known aspects of the species’ population ecology. Movement rates revealed complementary use of sites seasonally, with one small spring being preferred during winter that was rarely used during the rest of the year. Growth rates were significantly higher in ponds that were not used for breeding, and larger size resulted in significantly higher survival. When variation in survival by size was accounted for there was little variation among ponds in survival. Seasonal estimates of survival were lowest for males during the breeding/post-breeding redistribution period, suggesting a high cost of breeding for males. Overwintering survival for both genders was relatively high. Our study supports others in suggesting Oregon spotted frogs are specific in their overwintering habitat requirements, and that predator-free springs may be of particular value. We suggest that any future monitoring include measures of the rate of pond succession. Demographic monitoring should include metrics of both frog reproduction and survival: counts of egg masses at all ponds during spring, and capture-recapture study of survival in mid and late summer when capture rates are highest. Additional study of early life stages would be particularly useful to broaden our understanding of the species’ ecology. Specifically, adding intensive capture and marking effort after larval transformation in fall would enable a full understanding of the annual life cycle. Complete study of the annual life cycle is needed to isolate the life stages and mechanisms through which Oregon spotted frogs are affected by stressors such as nonnative predators. Dilman Meadow, which lacks many hypothesized stressors, is an important reference for isolating the life stages most responsive to management elsewhere in the species’ range.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sunriver Nature Center","usgsCitation":"Chelgren, N.D., Pearl, C., Bowerman, J., and Adams, M.J., 2007, Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) movement and demography at Dilman Meadow: Implications for future monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1016, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071016.","productDescription":"27 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10024,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9972,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1016/pdf/ofr20071016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2007-1016"},{"id":194829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1016/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan D.","contributorId":49062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowerman, Jay","contributorId":57024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowerman","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80158,"text":"ofr20071052 - 2007 - Road impacts on the Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, with emphasis on effects to surface- and shallow ground-water hydrology - A literature review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T19:26:10","indexId":"ofr20071052","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1052","title":"Road impacts on the Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, with emphasis on effects to surface- and shallow ground-water hydrology - A literature review","docAbstract":"<p>A review of published research on unpaved road effects on surface-water and shallow ground-water hydrology was undertaken to assist the Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, in understanding factors potentially influencing refuge ecology. Few studies were found that addressed hydrological effects of roads on a comparable area of shallow slope in a semiarid region. No study dealt with road effects on surface- and ground-water supplies to ephemeral wetlands, which on the refuge are sustained by seasonal snowmelt in neighboring mountains. Road surfaces increase runoff, reduce infiltration, and serve as a sediment source. Roadbeds can interfere with normal surface- and ground-water flows and thereby influence the quantity, timing, and duration of water movement both across landscapes and through the soil. Hydrologic effects can be localized near the road as well as widespread and distant. The number, arrangement, and effectiveness of road-drainage structures (culverts and other devices) largely determine the level of hydrologic alteration produced by a road. Undesirable changes to natural hydrologic patterns can be minimized by considering potential impacts during road design, construction, and maintenance. Road removal as a means to restore desirable hydrologic conditions to landscapes adversely affected by roads has yet to be rigorously evaluated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., 2007, Road impacts on the Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, with emphasis on effects to surface- and shallow ground-water hydrology - A literature review: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1052, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071052.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071052.PNG"},{"id":320218,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Baca National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Douglas C. doug_andersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Douglas C.","email":"doug_andersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80156,"text":"ofr20071057 - 2007 - Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume IV. Biscayne National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"ofr20071057","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1057","title":"Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume IV. Biscayne National Park","docAbstract":"Amphibian declines and extinctions have been documented around the world, often in protected natural areas. Concern for this alarming trend has prompted the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service to document all species of amphibians that occur within U.S. National Parks and to search for any signs that amphibians may be declining. This study, an inventory of amphibian species in Biscayne National Park, was conducted during 2002 and 2003. The goals of the project were to create a georeferenced inventory of amphibian species, use new analytical techniques to estimate proportion of sites occupied by each species, look for evidence of known stressors or problems that may lead to amphibian population decline (invasive species, disease, die-offs, and so forth), and to establish a baseline and methodology that could be used for future monitoring efforts.\r\n\r\nFour sampling methods were used to accomplish these goals. Visual encounter surveys and anuran vocalization surveys were conducted at a total of 236 visits to 37 sites in all habitats throughout Biscayne National Park to estimate the proportion of sites or proportion of area occupied (PAO) by each amphibian species in each habitat. More than 100 individuals of 7 amphibian species were detected during standard sampling, and 24 individuals of 6 species of amphibians and 37 individuals of 12 species of reptiles were encountered during opportunistic collections and nighttime road surveys used to augment the visual encounter methods for more rare or cryptic species opportunistically. The software PRESENCE was used to provide PAO estimates for each of the anuran species based on the visual encounter surveys and anuran vocalization data.\r\n\r\nAmphibian species (six native and three non-native) were documented in Biscayne National Park during this project. The proportion of area occupied estimates obtained for the six most common amphibians will serve as a comparative baseline for future monitoring efforts. There were fourteen non-marine reptile species detected during this study. The proportion of area occupied for reptile species was not estimated because there were too few encounters during this study. The methods used in this study are adequate to produce reliable estimates of the proportion of sites occupied by most anuran species. Therefore, future sampling at regular intervals could be a cost-effective way of following amphibian occupancy trends.\r\n\r\nThis study identified some threats to amphibians in Biscayne National Park, especially introduced species including the Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis), the marine or cane toad (Bufo marinus), and the greenhouse frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris planirostris) that were collectively detected nearly three times as often as native species.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071057","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.G., Waddle, J., Crockett, M.E., Bugbee, C.D., Jeffery, B.M., and Percival, H.F., 2007, Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume IV. Biscayne National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1057, 65 p,, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071057.","productDescription":"65 p,","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10123,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, J. Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":89982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J. Hardin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crockett, Marquette E.","contributorId":70067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crockett","given":"Marquette","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bugbee, Christopher D.","contributorId":73686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugbee","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jeffery, Brian M.","contributorId":16511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":291869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Percival, H. Franklin percivalf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.","email":"percivalf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":80482,"text":"ofr20071282 - 2007 - Simulation of flow and habitat conditions under ice, Cache la Poudre River - January 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T13:37:32","indexId":"ofr20071282","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1282","title":"Simulation of flow and habitat conditions under ice, Cache la Poudre River - January 2006","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Forest Service authorizes the occupancy and use of Forest Service lands by various projects, including water storage facilities, under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act. Federal Land Policy and Management Act permits can be renewed at the end of their term. The U.S. Forest Service analyzes the environmental effects for the initial issuance or renewal of a permit and the terms and conditions (for example, mitigations plans) contained in the permit for the facilities. The U.S. Forest Service is preparing an environmental impact statement (EIS) to determine the conditions for the occupancy and use for Long Draw Reservoir on National Forest System administered lands. The scope of the EIS includes evaluating current operations and effects to fish habitat of an ongoing winter release of 0.283 m3 /s (10 ft3 /s) from headwater reservoirs as part of a previously issued permit. The field conditions observed during this study included this release.</p>\n<p>The U.S. Forest Service entered into an interagency agreement (05-IA-11021000-030) with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center to perform analysis of fish habitat and flow relationships in the Cache la Poudre River during winter ice-over conditions using a twodimensional hydrodynamic model. The U.S. Forest Service selected the Fort Collins Science Center for this task because of their expertise in developing two-dimensional hydraulic models for habitat modeling applications. This report transmits model results to the U.S. Forest Service to analyze the effects of alternative flow scenarios at a site on the mainstem Cache la Poudre River in Larimer County, Colorado, near Kinikinik (40&deg; 42' 44.16\" N. lat, 105&deg; 44' 30.70\" W. log), as shown in figure 1. It will be used in pending environmental analyses and decisions for the occupancy and use of the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest by water storage facilities.</p>\n<p>The water management scenarios of interest in this study are related to releasing water from Chambers and Barnes Meadows Reservoirs, based on the assumption that winter flow augmentation can increase potential fish habitat. Figure 2 shows the relationship between Chambers, Barnes Meadows, and Long Draw Reservoirs. At the time this study was proposed, existing flow simulation results showed that the channel constraints imposed by existing artificial low-head dikes would have little or no effect on the hydrodynamics of the river at the low flow levels that were to be evaluated. The Kinikinik study site contains deep pools, riffles, and runs. This diversity of habitat types made it ideal for assessing the effects of altered flow on fish habitat under ice in the main stem Cache la Poudre River. Thus, the Kinikinik site was selected for this study of winter habitat conditions.</p>\n<p>The preexisting topographic and hydrologic data collected at this site enabled data collection efforts for this study to focus on describing streamflow and ice cover during the winter months. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, River2D (Steffler and Blackburn, 2002), was used to simulate flow conditions under the ice cover that was observed January 24, 2006.</p>\n<p>The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the extent and thickness of ice cover, (2) simulate depth and velocity under ice at the study site for observed and reduced flows, and (3) to quantify fish habitat in this portion of the mainstem Cache la Poudre River for the current winter release schedule as well as for similar conditions without the 0.283 m<sup>3</sup>/s winter release.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071282","usgsCitation":"Waddle, T., 2007, Simulation of flow and habitat conditions under ice, Cache la Poudre River - January 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1282, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071282.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071282.PNG"},{"id":320217,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1282/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Cache la Poudre River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.90202331542969,\n              40.52267294048898\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.90202331542969,\n              40.71863980562837\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.42411804199219,\n              40.71863980562837\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.42411804199219,\n              40.52267294048898\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.90202331542969,\n              40.52267294048898\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, Terry","contributorId":47848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80451,"text":"ofr20071245 - 2007 - Understanding knowledge and perceptions of bats among residents of Fort Collins, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T17:24:03","indexId":"ofr20071245","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1245","title":"Understanding knowledge and perceptions of bats among residents of Fort Collins, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>As regional urbanization increases in Colorado, so do interactions between humans and wildlife. Where previous habitat has been reduced due to urbanization and development, a few bat species that easily adapt to new environments now roost in homes and buildings (Kunz and Reynolds, 2003). Bats frequently serve as reservoirs of disease that have potential health consequences for humans and other mammals (Messenger and others, 2003). As bat use of buildings becomes more frequent, the incidences of bat/human contact and the risk of spreading disease also increase.</p>\n<p>In Colorado, rabies is most common in the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) Pape and others, 1999), the most ubiquitous species of urban-dwelling bat in the United States (Barbour and Davis, 1969) and the most common species submitted for rabies testing in Colorado (Pape and others, 1999). An in-depth knowledge of the big brown bat - including its ecology, habitat and movements, and aspects of disease transmission - and of its interactions with humans is essential for making informed management decisions regarding this species. To balance the competing priorities of species preservation and public safety, natural resource managers and public health professionals must be able to accurately estimate citizens' knowledge, perceptions, and perceived risks regarding the bat species that use human dwellings and harbor diseases potentially dangerous to humans.</p>\n<p>A recently completed five-year ecological study (2001-2005) on bats inhabiting buildings in Fort Collins, Colo., has provided much information on the basic epidemiology of rabies and on the ecology of the local bat population (Davis, Rudd, and Bowen, 2007; Ellison and others, 2007; Neubaum, Douglas, and others, in press; Neubaum, O'Shea, and Wilson, 2006; Neubaum, Wilson, and O'Shea, 2007; O'Shea, Ellison, and Stanley, 2004; Pearce and O'Shea, 2007; Pearce and others, in press; Shankar and others, 2004; Shankar and others, 2005; Wimsatt and others 2005). Research investigating the human dimensions of bats and bat/rabies relationships, however, has been very limited (Gibbins and others, 2002; Liesener and others, 2006). Herein, we report the results of a study to evaluate perceptions and knowledge of bats and rabies among residents of Fort Collins, Colo. The study resulted from collaborations between U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) bat ecologists of the Trust Species and Habitats branch, and social scientists of the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance branch, both of the USGS Fort Collins Science Center (FORT).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071245","usgsCitation":"Sexton, N.R., and Stewart, S., 2007, Understanding knowledge and perceptions of bats among residents of Fort Collins, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1245, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071245.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071245.PNG"},{"id":320216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a2ee4b0b2908510d524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Susan C.","contributorId":48257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80809,"text":"ofr20071353 - 2007 - Environmental effects of off-highway vehicles on Bureau of Land Management lands: A literature synthesis, annotated bibliographies, extensive bibliographies, and internet resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T13:15:35","indexId":"ofr20071353","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1353","title":"Environmental effects of off-highway vehicles on Bureau of Land Management lands: A literature synthesis, annotated bibliographies, extensive bibliographies, and internet resources","docAbstract":"<p>This report and its associated appendixes compile and synthesize the results of a comprehensive literature and Internet search conducted in May 2006. The literature search was undertaken to uncover information regarding the effects of off-highway vehicle (OHV) use on land health, or &ldquo;natural resource attributes,&rdquo; and included databases archiving information from before OHVs came into existence to May 2006. Information pertaining to socioeconomic implications of OHV activities is included as well. The literature and Internet searches yielded approximately 700 peer-reviewed papers, magazine articles, agency and non-governmental reports, and internet websites regarding effects of OHV use as they relate to the Bureau of Land Management&rsquo;s (BLM) standards of land health. Discussions regarding OHV effects are followed by brief syntheses of potential indicators of OHV effects, as well as OHV-effects mitigation, site-restoration techniques, and research needs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071353","usgsCitation":"Ouren, D.S., Haas, C., Melcher, C.P., Stewart, S., Ponds, P.D., Sexton, N.R., Burris, L., Fancher, T.S., and Bowen, Z.H., 2007, Environmental effects of off-highway vehicles on Bureau of Land Management lands: A literature synthesis, annotated bibliographies, extensive bibliographies, and internet resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1353, xvi, 225 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071353.","productDescription":"xvi, 225 p.","numberOfPages":"241","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071353.PNG"},{"id":320214,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1353/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60255b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ouren, Douglas S. ourend@usgs.gov","contributorId":1931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouren","given":"Douglas","email":"ourend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Christopher","contributorId":74465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Susan C.","contributorId":48257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burris, Lucy","contributorId":49468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burris","given":"Lucy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fancher, Tammy S. 0000-0002-1318-3614 fanchert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-3614","contributorId":3788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancher","given":"Tammy","email":"fanchert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70156270,"text":"70156270 - 2007 - A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T15:11:20.909057","indexId":"70156270","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":128,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"10-05","title":"A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007","docAbstract":"<p>The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), use different field methods for collecting macroinvertebrate samples and habitat data for bioassessment purposes. Arizona’s Biocriteria index was developed using a riffle habitat sampling methodology, whereas the EMAP method employs a multi-habitat sampling protocol. There was a need to demonstrate comparability of these different bioassessment methodologies to allow use of the EMAP multi-habitat protocol for both statewide probabilistic assessments for integration of the EMAP data into the national (305b) assessment and for targeted in-state bioassessments for 303d determinations of standards violations and impaired aquatic life conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the two methods yield similar bioassessment results, such that the data could be used interchangeably in water quality assessments. In this Regional EMAP grant funded project, a probabilistic survey of 30 sites in the Little Colorado River basin was conducted in the spring of 2007. Macroinvertebrate and habitat data were collected using both ADEQ and EMAP sampling methods, from adjacent reaches within these stream channels.</p><p>All analyses indicated that the two macroinvertebrate sampling methods were significantly correlated. ADEQ and EMAP samples were classified into the same scoring categories (meeting, inconclusive, violating the biocriteria standard) 82% of the time. When the ADEQ-IBI was applied to both the ADEQ and EMAP taxa lists, the resulting IBI scores were significantly correlated (r=0.91), even though only 4 of the 7 metrics in the IBI were significantly correlated. The IBI scores from both methods were significantly correlated to the percent of riffle habitat, even though the average percent riffle habitat was only 30% of the stream reach. Multivariate analyses found that the percent riffle was an important attribute for both datasets in classifying IBI scores into assessment categories.</p><p>Habitat measurements generated from EMAP and ADEQ methods were also significantly correlated; 13 of 16 habitat measures were significantly correlated (p&lt;0.01). The visual-based percentage estimates of percent riffle and pool habitats, vegetative cover and percent canopy cover, and substrate measurements of percent fine substrate and embeddedness were all remarkably similar, given the different field methods used. A multivariate analysis identified substrate and flow conditions, as well as canopy cover as important combinations of habitat attributes affecting both IBI scores. These results indicate that similar habitat measures can be obtained using two different field sampling protocols. In addition, similar combinations of these habitat parameters were important to macroinvertebrate community condition in multivariate analyses of both ADEQ and EMAP datasets.</p><p>These results indicate the two sampling methods for macroinvertebrates and habitat data were very similar in terms of bioassessment results and stressors. While the bioassessment category was not identical for all sites, overall the assessments were significantly correlated, providing similar bioassessment results for the cold water streams used in this study. The findings of this study indicate that ADEQ can utilize either a riffle-based sampling methodology or a multi-habitat sampling approach in cold water streams as both yield similar results relative to the macroinvertebrate assemblage. These results will allow for use of either macroinvertebrate dataset to determine water quality standards compliance with the ADEQ Indexes of Biological Integrity, for which threshold values were just recently placed into the Arizona Surface Water Quality Standards. While this survey did not include warm water desert streams of Arizona, we would predict that EMAP and ADEQ sampling methodologies would provide similar bioassessment results and would not be significantly different, as we have found that the percent riffle habitat in cold and warm water perennial, wadeable streams is not significantly different. However, a comparison study of sampling methodologies in warm water streams should be conducted to confirm the predicted similarity of bioassessment results. ADEQ will continue to implement a monitoring strategy that includes probabilistic monitoring for a statewide ecological assessment of stream conditions. Conclusions from this study will guide decisions regarding the most appropriate sampling methods for future probabilistic monitoring sample plans.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arizona Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Spindler, P., and Paretti, N.V., 2007, A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007: Open-File Report 10-05, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://azdeq.gov/surface-water-reports"},{"id":306884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Little Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.05225085860557,\n              33.997147907235785\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.04106100464412,\n              35.15461273818636\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.02896638603738,\n              35.17081103556828\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.02896638603738,\n              35.05951329223615\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.18135500293924,\n              35.01940890226042\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.11604559569567,\n              34.930217592804965\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.18135500293924,\n              34.76942868845617\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.14325784871377,\n              34.675490175745026\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.83303816430666,\n              34.39303515518253\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.75684385585603,\n              34.410997280051035\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.55003073291795,\n              34.42895554846932\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.37587231360197,\n              34.35709933984734\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.29423555454736,\n              34.42446634295791\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.14728938824946,\n              34.384052646872874\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.91870646289696,\n              34.29417457634274\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74454804358068,\n              34.177189196638395\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5921594266791,\n              34.16818359070621\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.37990385313734,\n              34.01494136859705\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.3418066989122,\n              33.8885337937307\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.17309073019959,\n              33.90660351226566\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.83565879277435,\n              33.94273145971013\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.69959752768384,\n              33.93821630426183\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5689787131967,\n              33.96078968665205\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.53632400957491,\n              33.59889828847642\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.3896827960308,\n              33.56287969227705\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2155243767145,\n              33.71693475565631\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.18286967309271,\n              33.93395436276049\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05225085860557,\n              33.997147907235785\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8b41e4b0824b2d14a9d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spindler, Patrice","contributorId":146624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spindler","given":"Patrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paretti, Nick V.","contributorId":146625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80804,"text":"ofr20071423 - 2007 - Preliminary testing of the role of exercise and predator recognition for bonytail and razorback sucker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T19:44:26","indexId":"ofr20071423","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1423","title":"Preliminary testing of the role of exercise and predator recognition for bonytail and razorback sucker","docAbstract":"<p>Hatchery-reared juvenile, &lt;25-cm TL (total length), razorback suckers appeared curious and showed no sign of predator avoidance when initially placed with large (&gt;45-cm TL) flathead catfish. Predator-na&iuml;ve juveniles (20- to 25-cm TL) exhibited no discernable preference when provided areas with and without (52 percent and 48 percent, n = 16 observations; 46 percent and 54 percent, n = 20 observations) large flathead catfish. However, once predation occurred, use of predator-free areas nearly doubled in two trials (36 percent and 64 percent, n = 50 observations; 33 percent and 67 percent, n = 12 observations). A more stringent test examining available area indicated predator-savvy razorback suckers used predator-free areas (88 percent, n = 21) illustrating predator avoidance was a learned behavior.</p>\n<p>Razorback suckers exercised (treatment) in water current (&lt;0.3 m/s) for 10 weeks exhibited greater swimming stamina than unexercised, control fish. When exercised and unexercised razorback suckers were placed together with large predators in 2006, treatment fish had significantly fewer (n = 9, z = 1.69, p = 0.046) mortalities than control fish, suggesting increased stamina improved predator escape skills. Predator/prey tests comparing razorback suckers that had been previously exposed to a predation event with control fish, found treatment fish also had significantly fewer losses than predatorna&iuml;ve fish (p = 0.017). Similar tests exposing predator-savvy and predator-na&iuml;ve bonytail with largemouth bass showed a similar trend; predator-savvy bonytail suffered 38 percent fewer losses than control fish. However, there was not a statistically significant difference between the test groups (p = 0.143) due to small sample size. All exercise and predator exposure trials increased the survival rate of razorback sucker and bonytail compared to untreated counterparts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071423","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Willow Beach National Fish Hatchery","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G.A., Carpenter, J., Krapfel, R., and Figiel, C., 2007, Preliminary testing of the role of exercise and predator recognition for bonytail and razorback sucker: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1423, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071423.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071423.PNG"},{"id":321210,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1423/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon A.","contributorId":86420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Jeanette","contributorId":41513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Jeanette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krapfel, Robert","contributorId":49057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapfel","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Figiel, Chester","contributorId":65939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figiel","given":"Chester","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80849,"text":"ofr20071266 - 2007 - Field-based evaluations of sampling techniques to support long-term monitoring of riparian ecosystems along wadeable streams on the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T16:06:14","indexId":"ofr20071266","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1266","title":"Field-based evaluations of sampling techniques to support long-term monitoring of riparian ecosystems along wadeable streams on the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"<p>To better plan for and implement long-term ecological monitoring, we measured riparian vegetation and fluvial geomorphic features at pilot study sites on four wadeable perennial stream reaches, representative of drainages across the Colorado Plateau. Our primary objectives were to (1) collect field data, (2) evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of various ecological measures and measurement techniques for riparian ecosystems, and (3) use field-based sampling to inform and refine the development of standard operating procedures for use in implementing integrated, long-term monitoring of riparian ecosystems. Ultimately, this work was aimed at providing NPS staff with some of the information and methods needed to design and implement long-term monitoring of NPS riparian resources, which is both relevant to management, and fully operational within institutional resource constraints.</p>\n<p>Our results suggest that selecting sampling reaches and establishing a sampling frame of 11 transects, across a range of stream types, is feasible given a limited set of decision rules. A distinctive feature of richness across all sites was the high percentage of rare species, defined here as species having a single occurrence at a site. Rare species represented from 33 percent to 47 percent of the species total across the four pilot sites. Our data show that the two smallest quadrat sizes, 0.01 m<sup>2</sup> and 0.1 m<sup>2</sup> , rarely had any species that occurred in the desired frequency range and can be omitted from the monitoring protocol. Few species fell within the 30&ndash;70 percent range in the 1-m<sup>2</sup> quadrats, but this quadrat size appears to be useful at the Tsaile Creek (CACH) site. We recommend continuing to collect information at the 1-m<sup>2</sup> scale and reevaluating its usefulness after more data are available from different types of sites. The 10-m<sup>2</sup> quadrat is adequate for monitoring changes in frequencies of very common species at all sites. Based on pilot study results, we conclude that at sites with low total species numbers (&lt; 60 species), 40&ndash;60, 10-m<sup>2</sup> quadrats, would be sufficient to characterize overall species diversity for relatively common species. At sites with higher total numbers of species (&gt; 100), 60&ndash;80, 10-m<sup>2</sup> quadrats would be required to characterize overall species diversity. Rare species of interest should be monitored using alternative approaches, such as a site inventory and/or mapping (see Elzinga and others, 1998). A large number of the systematically placed 10-m<sup>2</sup> quadrats span two or more geomorphic surfaces, especially adjacent to the channel. This makes resolution of species affinities with distinct geomorphic landforms difficult. Thus, we provide an amendment to improve characterization of herbaceous and shrub species on narrow, near-channel surfaces by sampling additional 0.5-m by 1-m quadrats on those surfaces. It appears that for sites in narrow valley settings where riparian zones average less than approximately 40 m, the number of 10-m<sup>2</sup> quadrats systematically placed on 11 transects will not provide shrub cover estimates at 20&nbsp;percent precision. In such cases, additional sample reaches should be added in order to attain a minimum of 130 to 140 10-m<sup>2</sup> shrub quadrats.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The line-intercept technique can provide a relatively rapid, reach-scale quantification of proportional cover for woody vegetation and geomorphic surface types and that variance in these measures stabilizes by the eighth or ninth transect sampled. An overlay of the distribution of geomorphic surface data derived from line-intercept sampling on topographic survey information indicates that delineation of geomorphic surfaces could be done in conjunction with the topographic survey of each transect, obviating the need to record surface breaks using the line intercept. To include geomorphic surface identifications with the topographic survey, surface breaks and transitional surfaces should be included and identified in the survey, in addition to systematically placed survey points.</p>\n<p>Compared to 5-m by 20-m tree quadrats, belt transects were shown to provide similar estimates of stand structure (stem density and stand basal area) in less than 30 percent of the time. Further, for the streams sampled, there were no statistically significant differences in stem density and basal area estimates between 10-m and 20-m belt transects and the smaller belts took approximately half the time to sample. There was, however, high variance associated with estimates of stand structure for infrequently occurring stems, such as large, relict or legacy riparian trees. Legacy riparian trees occurred in limited numbers at all sites sampled. A reachscale population census of these trees indicated that the 10-m belt transects tended to underestimate both stem density and basal area for these riparian forest elements and that a complete reach-scale census of legacy trees averaged less than one hour per site.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071266","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northern and Southern Colorado Plateau Park Networks","usgsCitation":"Scott, M.L., and Reynolds, E.W., 2007, Field-based evaluations of sampling techniques to support long-term monitoring of riparian ecosystems along wadeable streams on the Colorado Plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1266, iv, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071266.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071266.PNG"},{"id":320212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1266/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db530787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":89986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180392,"text":"70180392 - 2007 - USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States: A section in <i>Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180392,"text":"70180392 - 2007 - USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States: A section in <i>Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings</i>","indexId":"70180392","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States: A section in <i>Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81245,"text":"ofr20071285 - 2007 - Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings","indexId":"ofr20071285","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":81245,"text":"ofr20071285 - 2007 - Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings","indexId":"ofr20071285","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T08:30:56","indexId":"70180392","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1285","title":"USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States: A section in <i>Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has highlighted the need for regional and national digital geologic maps attributed with age and rock type information. Such spatial data can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for purposes that include mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, human health and environmental research.</p><p>In 1997, the United States Geological Survey’s Mineral Resources Program initiated an effort to develop national digital databases for use in mineral resource and environmental assessments. One primary activity of this effort was to compile a national digital geologic map database, utilizing state geologic maps, to support mineral resource studies in the range of 1:250,000- to 1:1,000,000-scale. Over the course of the past decade, state databases were prepared using a common standard for the database structure, fields, attributes, and data dictionaries. As of late 2006, standardized geological map databases for all conterminous (CONUS) states have been available on-line as USGS Open-File Reports. For Alaska and Hawaii, new state maps are being prepared, and the preliminary work for Alaska is being released as a series of 1:500,000-scale regional compilations. See below for a list of all published databases.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings (Open-File Report 2007-1285)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Digital mapping techniques '06","conferenceDate":"June 11-14, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Columbus, OH","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70180392","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, S.W., Stoeser, D.B., Wilson, F.H., Dicken, C., and Ludington, S., 2007, USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States: A section in <i>Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1285, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180392.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/contents.html","text":"Index Page for Larger Work"},{"id":334259,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/pdf/Nicholson.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588f0d73e4b072a7ac08c125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":661511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoeser, Douglas B. dstoeser@usgs.gov","contributorId":1821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"Douglas","email":"dstoeser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dicken, Connie L. cdicken@usgs.gov","contributorId":4714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dicken","given":"Connie L.","email":"cdicken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ludington, Stephen 0000-0002-6265-4996 slud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6265-4996","contributorId":172672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Stephen","email":"slud@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":80214,"text":"ofr20071196 - 2007 - Major and Trace-Element Data from Stream-Sediment and Rock Samples Collected in the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-Scale Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:45","indexId":"ofr20071196","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1196","title":"Major and Trace-Element Data from Stream-Sediment and Rock Samples Collected in the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-Scale Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"In the summers of 2004, 2005, and 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a reconnaissance geochemical survey of the drainage basins throughout most of the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, in southwestern Alaska. The purpose of the study was to locate areas of potential interest for ore minerals, provide data that may be used to determine regional-scale element baselines, and provide data for the concurrent U.S. Geological Survey geologic mapping and mineral resource assessment effort. This report provides the stream-sediment sample data for the study.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071196","usgsCitation":"Bailey, E.A., Lee, G.K., Mueller, S.H., Wang, B., Brown, Z.A., and Beischer, G.A., 2007, Major and Trace-Element Data from Stream-Sediment and Rock Samples Collected in the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-Scale Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1196, Report: iv, 7 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071196.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 7 p.; Data Files","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438857,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94K1YXT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mineralogical and Chemical Data for Heavy-Mineral Concentrate Samples Collected in the Taylor Mountains Quadrangle, Alaska, 2004-2008"},{"id":195698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10034,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159,60 ], [ -159,61 ], [ -156,61 ], [ -156,60 ], [ -159,60 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64970b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":104005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Gregory K. glee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Gregory","email":"glee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Seth H.","contributorId":40306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Zoe Ann","contributorId":95530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Zoe","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beischer, Greg A.","contributorId":97592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beischer","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":86139,"text":"ofr20071425 - 2007 - Increase in nuisance blooms and geographic expansion of the freshwater diatom <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T12:54:14","indexId":"ofr20071425","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1425","title":"Increase in nuisance blooms and geographic expansion of the freshwater diatom <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The diatom <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i> (Lyngbye) Schmidt is emerging as an organism with an extraordinary capacity to impact stream ecosystems on a global scale. In recent years, streams in New Zealand, North America, Europe, and Asia have been colonized by unprecedented masses of &ldquo;didymo&rdquo; and its extracellular stalks (fig. 1). This diatom is able to dominate stream surfaces by covering up to 100 percent of substrate with thicknesses of greater than 20 cm, greatly altering physical and biological conditions within streams. This species is expanding its geographic range in North America and the rate that nuisance blooms are reported by the public and local media are increasing, yet little scientific investigation of the phenomenon in North America has been initiated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071425","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federation of Fly Fishers","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, S., and Elwell, E., 2007, Increase in nuisance blooms and geographic expansion of the freshwater diatom <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1425, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071425.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071425.PNG"},{"id":320219,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1425/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e449c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, S. A. 0000-0002-9787-7743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":74390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elwell, E.","contributorId":169676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elwell","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":76934,"text":"ofr20041358 - 2007 - Initial report of the IMAGES VIII/PAGE 127 gas hydrate and paleoclimate cruise on the RV <i>Marion Dufresne</i> in the Gulf of Mexico, 2-18 July 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T15:14:19","indexId":"ofr20041358","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1358","title":"Initial report of the IMAGES VIII/PAGE 127 gas hydrate and paleoclimate cruise on the RV <i>Marion Dufresne</i> in the Gulf of Mexico, 2-18 July 2002","docAbstract":"<p>The northern Gulf of Mexico contains many documented gas hydrate deposits near the sea floor. Although gas hydrate often is present in shallow subbottom sediment, the extent of hydrate occurrence deeper than 10 meters below sea floor in basins away from vents and other surface expressions is unknown. We obtained giant piston cores, box cores, and gravity cores and performed heat-flow analyses to study these shallow gas hydrate deposits aboard the RV Marion Dufresne in July 2002. This report presents measurements and interpretations from that cruise. Our results confirm the presence of gas hydrate in vent-related sediments near the sea bed. The presence of gas hydrate near the vents is governed by the complex interaction of regional and local factors, including heat flow, fluid flow, faults, pore-water salinity, gas concentrations, and sediment properties. However, conditions appropriate for extensive gas hydrate formation were not found away from the vents.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041358","usgsCitation":"Winters, W.J., Lorenson, T., and Paull, C.K., 2007, Initial report of the IMAGES VIII/PAGE 127 gas hydrate and paleoclimate cruise on the RV <i>Marion Dufresne</i> in the Gulf of Mexico, 2-18 July 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1358, Chapters 1-14; Appendixes A-N; Disclaimer; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041358.","productDescription":"Chapters 1-14; Appendixes A-N; Disclaimer; ReadMe","temporalStart":"2002-07-02","temporalEnd":"2002-07-18","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/of2004-1358/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041358.PNG"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.0,26.0 ], [ -98.0,32.0 ], [ -80.0,32.0 ], [ -80.0,26.0 ], [ -98.0,26.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66da3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":288171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":76193,"text":"ofr20051121 - 2007 - Maps of Quadrangles 3060 and 2960, Qala-I-Fath (608), Malek-Sayh-Koh (613), and Gozar-E-Sah (614) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20051121","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1121","title":"Maps of Quadrangles 3060 and 2960, Qala-I-Fath (608), Malek-Sayh-Koh (613), and Gozar-E-Sah (614) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey and the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Maps of Quadrangles 3060 and 2960, Qala-I-Fath (608), Malek-Sayh-Koh (613), and Gozar-E-Sah (614) Quadrangles, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1121, 4 Maps: Varied Sizes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051121.","productDescription":"4 Maps: Varied Sizes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.5,29.5 ], [ 60.5,31 ], [ 62,31 ], [ 62,29.5 ], [ 60.5,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":76183,"text":"ofr20051122 - 2007 - Maps of Quadrangles 3062 and 2962, Charburjak (609), Khanneshin (610), Gawdezereh (615), and Galachah (616) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20051122","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1122","title":"Maps of Quadrangles 3062 and 2962, Charburjak (609), Khanneshin (610), Gawdezereh (615), and Galachah (616) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey and the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Maps of Quadrangles 3062 and 2962, Charburjak (609), Khanneshin (610), Gawdezereh (615), and Galachah (616) Quadrangles, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1122, 4 Maps: Varied Sizes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051122.","productDescription":"4 Maps: Varied Sizes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10414,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62,29.25 ], [ 62,31 ], [ 64,31 ], [ 64,29.25 ], [ 62,29.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79394,"text":"ofr20061066 - 2006 - Distribution and abundance of California giant salamander (<em>Dicamptodon ensatus</em>) and signal crayfish (<em>Pacifastacus leniusculus</em>) in the Upper Redwood Creek Watershed, Marin County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T13:29:15.228739","indexId":"ofr20061066","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-20T09:35:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1066","displayTitle":"Distribution and Abundance of California Giant Salamander (<em>Dicamptodon ensatus</em>) and Signal Crayfish (<em>Pacifastacus leniusculus</em>) in the Upper Redwood Creek Watershed, Marin County, California","title":"Distribution and abundance of California giant salamander (<em>Dicamptodon ensatus</em>) and signal crayfish (<em>Pacifastacus leniusculus</em>) in the Upper Redwood Creek Watershed, Marin County, California","docAbstract":"A survey was conducted in 1997-1998 to identify the distribution of non-native signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and larval California giant salamanders (Dicamptodon ensatus) within the upper Redwood Creek watershed (Marin County, California). The crayfish is widely distributed along the mainstem Redwood Creek. It was found in lower Fern Creek but not in any first order tributaries or above fish barriers. While present throughout the study area, larval California giant salamanders were found mainly in small headwater tributaries. Larval salamanders appear to use habitats in accordance to their availability, while signal crayfish were rarely found in shallow water habitats and appeared to prefer scour pools. Evidence of predation by signal crayfish on larval giant salamanders was found under confined conditions. Controlled laboratory and field experiments would be needed to determine whether competitive exclusion is occurring. Because of its widespread occurrence in the headwater streams surveyed in this project, California giant salamanders would be an appropriate indicator species for those interested in monitoring the health of small headwater streams. Future long-term monitoring using California giant salamanders should be based on permanent monitoring reaches with periodic basinwide habitat and animal surveys to determine if reaches are representative of basinwide conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061066","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Fong, D., and Howell, J.A., 2006, Distribution and abundance of California giant salamander (<em>Dicamptodon ensatus</em>) and signal crayfish (<em>Pacifastacus leniusculus</em>) in the Upper Redwood Creek Watershed, Marin County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1066, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061066.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8894,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1066/ofr20061066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1066/coverthb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.66666666666667,37.75 ], [ -122.66666666666667,38 ], [ -122.5,38 ], [ -122.5,37.75 ], [ -122.66666666666667,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"Original contributing office: Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fong, Darren","contributorId":17715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Darren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, Judd A. jhowell@usgs.gov","contributorId":5728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Judd","email":"jhowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72263,"text":"ofr20051247 - 2006 - Relative Coastal Change-Potential Assessment of  Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T12:09:22.507404","indexId":"ofr20051247","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-30T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1247","displayTitle":"Relative Coastal Change-Potential Assessment of  Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","title":"Relative Coastal Change-Potential Assessment of  Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"A change-potential index (CPI) was used to map the relative coastal change-potential of the shoreline to future sea-level fluctuation within Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GBNPP) in southeastern Alaska. The CPI ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level change, historical shoreline change rates, mean tidal range and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each input variable were combined, and an index value calculated for 1-minute grid cells covering the park. The CPI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level and coastal change might be the greatest. This approach combines the coastal system's potential for change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, yielding a quantitative, although relative, measure of the park's natural susceptibility to the effects of sea-level variation. The CPI provides an objective method for evaluation and long-term planning by scientists and park managers. The CPI was developed from a Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) typically applied to coastlines experiencing long-term sea-level rise. The CPI is modified from the CVI and applied to the emergent coast of GBNPP to understand the limits of applying this type of assessment method in a variety of sea level settings. GBNPP consists of sand and gravel beaches, rock cliffs, calving glaciers, mudflats, and alluvial fans. The areas within GBNPP that are likely to be most susceptible to coastal change as a result of sea-level change are tidewater glaciers and outer coast shorelines of unconsolidated sediment where wave energy is highest and the regional coastal slope is shallowest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Thieler, E.R., and Williams, S.J., 2006, Relative Coastal Change-Potential Assessment of  Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1247, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051247.","productDescription":"29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384761,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1247/ofr20051247.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2005-1247"},{"id":193087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1247/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":8785,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1247/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:whsc_science_director@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:whsc_science_director@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc\">Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>384 Woods Hole Road<br>Woods Hole, MA 02543</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Background of CPI</li><li>Data Ranking System</li><li>The Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve</li><li>Methodology</li><li>Geologic Variables</li><li>Physical Process Variables</li><li>Calculating the Change-Potential Index</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussion</li><li>Conclusions</li><li>References</li><li>Figures</li><li>Tables</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c0b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":101312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72262,"text":"ofr20051248 - 2006 - Coastal vulnerability assessment of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park to sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T16:46:55.774025","indexId":"ofr20051248","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-30T09:35:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1248","displayTitle":"Coastal Vulnerability Assessment of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park to Sea-Level Rise","title":"Coastal vulnerability assessment of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park to sea-level rise","docAbstract":"A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was used to map the relative vulnerability of the coast to future sea-level rise within Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park in Hawaii. The CVI ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to sea-level rise-related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level rise, historical shoreline change rates, mean tidal range and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each input variable were combined, and an index value calculated for 500-meter grid cells covering the park. The CVI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level rise might be the greatest. This approach combines the coastal system's susceptibility to change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, yielding a quantitative, although relative, measure of the park's natural vulnerability to the effects of sea-level rise. The CVI provides an objective technique for evaluation and long-term planning by scientists and park managers. Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park consists of carbonate sand beaches, coral rubble, rocky shoreline, and mangrove wetland areas. The areas within Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park that are likely to be most vulnerable to sea-level rise based on this analysis are areas of unconsolidated sediment and highest wave energy.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051248","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Thieler, E.R., and Williams, S.J., 2006, Coastal vulnerability assessment of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park to sea-level rise: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1248, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051248.","productDescription":"25 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388426,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78134.htm"},{"id":192534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1248/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":8786,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":384762,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1248/ofr20051248.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.31 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2005-1248"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.04997634887695,\n              19.667159801424564\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.0134983062744,\n              19.667159801424564\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.0134983062744,\n              19.702879865804036\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.04997634887695,\n              19.702879865804036\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.04997634887695,\n              19.667159801424564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:whsc_science_director@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:whsc_science_director@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc\">Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>384 Woods Hole Road<br>Woods Hole, MA 02543</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Data Ranking</li><li>The Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park</li><li>Methodology</li><li>Geologic Variables</li><li>Physical Process Variables</li><li>Calculating the Vulnerability Index</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussion</li><li>Conclusions</li><li>References</li><li>Figures</li><li>Tables</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fa4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":101312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":76684,"text":"ofr20051059 - 2006 - Coastal vulnerability assessment of Point Reyes National Seashore (PORE) to sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-06T19:27:08.099132","indexId":"ofr20051059","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-30T09:05:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1059","displayTitle":"Coastal Vulnerability Assessment of Point Reyes National Seashore (PORE) to Sea-Level Rise","title":"Coastal vulnerability assessment of Point Reyes National Seashore (PORE) to sea-level rise","docAbstract":"A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was used to map the relative vulnerability of the coast to future sea-level rise within Point Reyes National Seashore in Northern California. The CVI ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to sea-level rise-related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level rise, historical shoreline change rates, mean tidal range and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each input variable were combined and an index value calculated for 1-minute grid cells covering the park. The CVI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level rise might be the greatest. This approach combines the coastal system's susceptibility to change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, yielding a quantitative, although relative, measure of the park's natural vulnerability to the effects of sea-level rise. The CVI provides an objective technique for evaluation and long-term planning by scientists and park managers. Point Reyes National Seashore consists of sand and gravel beaches, rock cliffs, sand dune cliffs, and pocket beaches. The areas within Point Reyes that are likely to be most vulnerable to sea-level rise are areas of unconsolidated sediment where the coastal slope is lowest and wave energy is high.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Thieler, E.R., and Williams, S.J., 2006, Coastal vulnerability assessment of Point Reyes National Seashore (PORE) to sea-level rise: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1059, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051059.","productDescription":"26 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1059/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":7733,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":384749,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1059/ofr20051059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2005-1059"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Point Reyes National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.11004638671874,\n              37.87810535842238\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.662353515625,\n              37.87810535842238\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.662353515625,\n              38.25435798036572\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11004638671874,\n              38.25435798036572\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11004638671874,\n              37.87810535842238\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:whsc_science_director@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:whsc_science_director@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc\">Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>384 Woods Hole Road<br>Woods Hole, MA 02543</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Data Ranking</li><li>The Point Reyes National Seashore</li><li>Methodology</li><li>Geologic Variables</li><li>Physical Process Variables</li><li>Coastal Vulnerability Index</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussion</li><li>Conclusions</li><li>References</li><li>List of Figures</li><li>List of Tables</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":101312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":76882,"text":"ofr20041373 - 2006 - Relative coastal change-potential assessment of Kenai Fjords National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T12:14:45.302548","indexId":"ofr20041373","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-30T07:20:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1373","displayTitle":"Relative Coastal Change-Potential Assessment of Kenai Fjords National Park","title":"Relative coastal change-potential assessment of Kenai Fjords National Park","docAbstract":"<p>A change-potential index (CPI) was used to map the relative coastal change-potential of the shoreline to future sea-level changes within Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ) in south-central Alaska. The CPI ranks the following parameters in terms of their physical contribution to coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level change, historical shoreline change rates, mean tidal range, and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each input variable were combined, and an index value was calculated for 1-minute grid cells covering the park. The CPI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level and coastal changes might be the greatest. This multi-parametric approach combines the coastal system's potential for change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, yielding a quantitative, although relative, measure of the park's natural susceptibility to the effects of sea-level variation. The CPI provides an objective technique for evaluation and long-term planning by scientists and park managers. The CPI was developed from a Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) typically applied to coastlines undergoing long-term sea-level rise. The CPI is modified from the CVI and applied to the emergent coast of Kenai Fjords National Park to understand the limits of applying this type of assessment method in a variety of sea-level settings. Kenai Fjords National Park consists of sand and gravel beaches, rock cliffs, calving tidewater glaciers, mudflats, and alluvial fans. The areas within Kenai Fjords National Park that are likely to be most susceptible to coastal change as a result of sea-level change are tidewater glaciers and outer coast shorelines of unconsolidated sediment where shoreline erosion potential is high and wave energy is high.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041373","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Thieler, E.R., and Williams, S.J., 2006, Relative coastal change-potential assessment of Kenai Fjords National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1373, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041373.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384674,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1373/ofr20041373.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1373"},{"id":8051,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1373/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1373/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Fjords National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.4744873046875,\n              59.97425688709357\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.7491455078125,\n              60.29429873400916\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.22705078124997,\n              60.16064293693041\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.545654296875,\n              59.88066847319146\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.963134765625,\n              59.66219187669592\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.10046386718747,\n              59.358395906039405\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.919189453125,\n              59.2771080105117\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.0018310546875,\n              59.65109171169264\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.46350097656247,\n              59.9632601849119\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.4744873046875,\n              59.97425688709357\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:whsc_science_director@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:whsc_science_director@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc\">Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>384 Woods Hole Road<br>Woods Hole, MA 02543</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Background of CPI</li><li>Data Ranking System</li><li>The Kenai Fjords National Park</li><li>Methodology</li><li>Geologic Variables</li><li>Physical Process Variables</li><li>Calculating the Change-Potential Index</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussion</li><li>Conclusions</li><li>References</li><li>Figures</li><li>Tables</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6345c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":101312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79488,"text":"ofr20061354 - 2006 - Mapping vegetation communities in Ozark National Scenic Riverways: final technical report to the National Park Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:52:11.08157","indexId":"ofr20061354","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T14:40:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1354","displayTitle":"Mapping Vegetation Communities in Ozark National Scenic Riverways: Final Technical Report to the National Park Service","title":"Mapping vegetation communities in Ozark National Scenic Riverways: final technical report to the National Park Service","docAbstract":"Vegetation communities were mapped at two levels in Ozark National Scenic Riverways (ONSR) usign a hybrid combination of statistical methods and photointerpretation.  The primary map includes 49 cover classes, including 24 cleasses that relate to vegetation associations currenly described by the United States National Vegetation Classification Standard (USNVC: The Nature Conservancy, 1994a).  The remaining types include cultural features, ruderal communities on abandoned agricultural lands, and non-vegetated classes.  Overall map classification accuarcy is 63 percent.  The secondary mapping level aggregates communities with similar appearance and ecologically related associations into Community Types.  The resultant 33-class Community Type map has an overall classification accuracy of 77 percent and identified groups of communities based on resource management goals within the park.  Important additional products include 1) a general probability map for all vegetation associations, which can be used to assess final classification certainty, and 2) individual probability maps for each association, which can be used to identify areas that have a high likelihood of supporting a given type, beyond where that type was identified in the final map products.  Other secondary map products include data layers derived from primary color-infrared imagery, secondary imagery data and digital elevation models. A field key and photo guide to associations and complete community descriptions were produced, along with a photo guide of fuel conditions.  Wildland fuels data were used to generate a fuels map based upon Anderson's fuels models (1982).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061354","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The University of Missouri-Columbia, The Missouri Department of Conservation, and NatureServe","usgsCitation":"Chastain, R.A., Struckhoff, M.A., Grabner, K.W., Stroh, E.D., He, H., Larsen, D.R., Nigh, T.A., and Drake, J., 2006, Mapping vegetation communities in Ozark National Scenic Riverways: final technical report to the National Park Service: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006&mdash;1354, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061354.","productDescription":"Report: xxviii; 62 p.; 4 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"178","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9031,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1354/ofr20061354_app17.pdf","text":"Appendix 17","size":"152 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Field Key to ONSR Vegetation Communities"},{"id":9032,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1354/ofr20061354_app18.pdf","text":"Appendix 18","size":"4.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- ONSR USNVC Community Fuel Loading Photo Key"},{"id":190720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1354/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":9029,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1354/ofr20061354_app16.pdf","text":"Appendix 16","size":"1.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- ONSR Altered Community Descriptions"},{"id":9028,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1354/ofr20061354.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-1354"},{"id":9030,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1354/ofr20061354_app15.pdf","text":"Appendix 15","size":"3.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- ONSR USNVC Natural Community Descriptions"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ozark National Scenic Waterways","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.28515625,\n              36.47872381162464\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              36.47872381162464\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              38.28993659801203\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.28515625,\n              38.28993659801203\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.28515625,\n              36.47872381162464\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cerc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cerc\">Columbia Environmental Research Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>4200 New Haven Road<br>Columbia, MO 65201</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Executive Summary</li><li>Contacts</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Contents</li><li>List of Tables</li><li>List of Figures</li><li>List of Appendices</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussion</li><li>References</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2006-12-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ae4b07f02db69d267","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chastain, Robert A.","contributorId":84853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chastain","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Struckhoff, Matthew A. 0000-0002-4911-9956 mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-9956","contributorId":2095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struckhoff","given":"Matthew","email":"mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grabner, Keith W. kgrabner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabner","given":"Keith","email":"kgrabner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stroh, Esther D. 0000-0003-4291-4647 estroh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-4647","contributorId":2813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroh","given":"Esther","email":"estroh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"He, Hong","contributorId":16931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Hong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larsen, David R.","contributorId":82403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nigh, Timothy A.","contributorId":35402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nigh","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Drake, Jim","contributorId":35403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70204797,"text":"ofr20061094 - 2006 - Summary of preliminary 2D inundation modeling for three Hattian landslide dam breach scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T07:24:51","indexId":"ofr20061094","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-06T08:03:47","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1094","displayTitle":"Summary of Preliminary 2D Inundation Modeling for Three Hattian Landslide Dam Breach Scenarios","title":"Summary of preliminary 2D inundation modeling for three Hattian landslide dam breach scenarios","docAbstract":"<p>On October 8, 2005, a M 7.6 earthquake near Muzafarrabad, Pakistan, triggered a landslide that dammed the Karli River and one of its tributaries about 4 km upstream of the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers near the town of Hattian Bala. The smaller dam on the tributary of the Karli River has been artificially breached and is no longer a hazard. When the larger dammed lake on the Karli River has filled enough to flow over the landslide blockage, it will have impounded about 60 million cubic meters of water. This lake will drain through the landslide dam as it breaches during the spring runoff or during the monsoon season in early summer. The inundation associated with the Karli River landslide dam breach endangers a substantial downstream population, particularly the population located in the vicinity of Hattian Bala at the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers. To help mitigate this hazard, we used an accurate two-dimensional flow model to simulate dambreak flows associated with three breach-rate downcutting scenarios, and estimated inundation depths and peak flow velocities. We superimposed inundation extents and other attributes on photographic images of the region to provide clear delineation of potential impacts on populated areas near the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R.P., O’Connell, D.R.H., and Jones, M., 2006, Summary of preliminary 2D inundation modeling for three Hattian landslide dam breach scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1094, 12 p., plus figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061094.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366616,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/ofr20061094_figs.html","text":"Figures 3–5, 7–42 ","linkHelpText":"— Large format plots."},{"id":366614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":366615,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/ofr20061094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"315 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-1094"}],"country":"Pakistan ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[75.15803,37.13303],[75.8969,36.66681],[76.19285,35.8984],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.87172,34.65354],[75.75706,34.50492],[74.2402,34.74889],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.10429,33.44147],[74.45156,32.7649],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.40593,31.69264],[74.42138,30.97981],[73.45064,29.97641],[72.82375,28.96159],[71.77767,27.91318],[70.6165,27.9892],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.16893,26.49187],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.8447,25.2151],[71.04324,24.35652],[68.8426,24.35913],[68.17665,23.69197],[67.44367,23.94484],[67.14544,24.66361],[66.37283,25.42514],[64.53041,25.23704],[62.9057,25.21841],[61.49736,25.07824],[61.87419,26.23997],[63.31663,26.75653],[63.2339,27.21705],[62.75543,27.37892],[62.72783,28.25964],[61.77187,28.69933],[61.36931,29.30328],[60.87425,29.82924],[62.54986,29.31857],[63.55026,29.46833],[64.148,29.34082],[64.35042,29.56003],[65.04686,29.47218],[66.34647,29.88794],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.93889,31.30491],[67.68339,31.30315],[67.79269,31.58293],[68.55693,31.71331],[68.92668,31.62019],[69.31776,31.90141],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.68715,33.1055],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.8818,33.98886],[71.15677,34.34891],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.84629,36.50994],[72.92002,36.72001],[74.06755,36.83618],[74.57589,37.02084],[75.15803,37.13303]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pakistan\"}}]}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/\">David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100<br>Vancouver, Washington, 98683-9589</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Summary of 2D Inundation Modeling for Three Hattian Landslide Dam Breach Scenarios</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Breach Rate Overviews (various figures)</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2006-03-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, Daniel R.H.","contributorId":199112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.H.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Matt","contributorId":218164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79121,"text":"ofr97470L - 2006 - Map showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Gulf of Mexico region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-23T15:10:21.684294","indexId":"ofr97470L","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-22T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-470","chapter":"L","displayTitle":"Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of the Gulf of Mexico Region","title":"Map showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Gulf of Mexico region","docAbstract":"<p>This map was created as part of a worldwide series of geologic maps for the U.S. Geological Survey’s World Energy Project, available on CD-ROM and through the Internet. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world. Geologic provinces were created for ranking purposes in the World Petroleum Assessment 2000 (U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000). A modified subset of these provinces are shown on the map, based on new bathymetric data and geologic knowledge. Geologic province boundaries are not intended to be taken for country boundaries or exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundaries. The USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000 - Description and Results can be found online at: <a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-060/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-060/\">http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-060</a>. Oil and gas fields are represented by a single geographic point in the center of the field and displays field type (oil or gas) only. The map includes three surface geology datasets, which were modified for display purposes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470L","usgsCitation":"French, C.D. and Schenk, C.J., 2006, Map showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Gulf of Mexico region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-L, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470L.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36 x 60 inches; Database; Metadata: ReadMe","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":368494,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/ofr97470L.pdf","text":"Map","size":"8.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8564,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/database.zip","size":"10.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":110672,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77647.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":368493,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/metadata.zip","size":"56.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":8565,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/readme.txt","size":"11.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              15\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              15\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"2006-09-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5fae","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"French, Christopher D.","contributorId":8338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744004,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744005,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98862,"text":"ofr20061349 - 2006 - Genetic analyses of captive Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) using AFLP analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T14:18:58","indexId":"ofr20061349","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1349","title":"Genetic analyses of captive Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) using AFLP analyses","docAbstract":"Population level studies of genetic diversity can provide information about population structure, individual genetic distinctiveness and former population size. They are especially important for rare and threatened species like the Alala, where they can be used to assess extinction risks and evolutionary potential. In an ideal situation multiple methods should be used to detect variation, and these methods should be comparable across studies. In this report, we discuss AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) as a genetic approach for detecting variation in the Alala , describe our findings, and discuss these in relation to mtDNA and microsatellite data reported elsewhere in this same population.\n\nAFLP is a technique for DNA fingerprinting that has wide applications. Because little or no prior knowledge of the particular species is required to carry out this method of analysis, AFLP can be used universally across varied taxonomic groups. Within individuals, estimates of diversity or heterozygosity across genomes may be complex because levels of diversity differ between and among genes. One of the more traditional methods of estimating diversity employs the use of codominant markers such as microsatellites. Codominant markers detect each allele at a locus independently. Hence, one can readily distinguish heterozygotes from homozygotes, directly assess allele frequencies and calculate other population level statistics. Dominant markers (for example, AFLP) are scored as either present or absent (null) so heterozygotes cannot be directly distinguished from homozygotes. However, the presence or absence data can be converted to expected heterozygosity estimates which are comparable to those determined by codominant markers. High allelic diversity and heterozygosity inherent in microsatellites make them excellent tools for studies of wild populations and they have been used extensively. One limitation to the use of microsatellites is that heterozygosity estimates are affected by the mutation rate at microsatellite loci, thus introducing a bias. Also, the number of loci that can be studied is frequently limited to fewer than 10. This theoretically represents a maximum of one marker for each of 10 chromosomes. Dominant markers like AFLP allow a larger fraction of the genome to be screened. Large numbers of loci can be screened by AFLP to resolve very small individual differences that can be used for identification of individuals, estimates of pairwise relatedness and, in some cases, for parentage analyses. Since AFLP is a dominant marker (can not distinguish between +/+ homozygote versus +/- heterozygote), it has limitations for parentage analyses. Only when both parents are homozygous for the absence of alleles (-/-) and offspring show a presence (+/+ or +/-) can the parents be excluded. In this case, microsatellites become preferable as they have the potential to exclude individual parents when the other parent is unknown. Another limitation of AFLP is that the loci are generally less polymorphic (only two alleles/locus) than microsatellite loci (often >10 alleles/locus). While generally fewer than 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci are enough to exclude and assign parentage, it might require up to 100 or more AFLP loci. While there are pros and cons to different methodologies, the total number of loci evaluated by AFLP generally offsets the limitations imposed due to the dominant nature of this approach and end results between methods are generally comparable.\n\nOverall objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of genetic diversity in the captive population of Alala, to compare genetic data with currently available pedigree information, and to determine the extent of relatedness of mating pairs and among founding individuals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061349","usgsCitation":"Jarvi, S.I., and Bianchi, K.R., 2006, Genetic analyses of captive Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) using AFLP analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1349, iii, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061349.","productDescription":"iii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2006_1349.jpg"},{"id":14277,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":279111,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1349/of2006-1349.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvi, Susan I.","contributorId":47748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvi","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bianchi, Kiara R.","contributorId":97864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"Kiara","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}