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,{"id":70036174,"text":"70036174 - 2011 - Consequences of long-distance swimming and travel over deep-water pack ice for a female polar bear during a year of extreme sea ice retreat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T13:29:30","indexId":"70036174","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of long-distance swimming and travel over deep-water pack ice for a female polar bear during a year of extreme sea ice retreat","docAbstract":"<p><span>Polar bears (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Ursus maritimus</i><span>) prefer to live on Arctic sea ice but may swim between ice floes or between sea ice and land. Although anecdotal observations suggest that polar bears are capable of swimming long distances, no data have been available to describe in detail long distance swimming events or the physiological and reproductive consequences of such behavior. Between an initial capture in late August and a recapture in late October 2008, a radio-collared adult female polar bear in the Beaufort Sea made a continuous swim of 687&nbsp;km over 9&nbsp;days and then intermittently swam and walked on the sea ice surface an additional 1,800&nbsp;km. Measures of movement rate, hourly activity, and subcutaneous and external temperature revealed distinct profiles of swimming and walking. Between captures, this polar bear lost 22% of her body mass and her yearling cub. The extraordinary long distance swimming ability of polar bears, which we confirm here, may help them cope with reduced Arctic sea ice. Our observation, however, indicates that long distance swimming in Arctic waters, and travel over deep water pack ice, may result in high energetic costs and compromise reproductive fitness.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-010-0953-2","issn":"07224060","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Whiteman, J., Harlow, H., Amstrup, S.C., Regehr, E., and Ben-David, M., 2011, Consequences of long-distance swimming and travel over deep-water pack ice for a female polar bear during a year of extreme sea ice retreat: Polar Biology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 975-984, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0953-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"975","endPage":"984","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0953-2"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9d6e4b0c8380cd4d7e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whiteman, J.P.","contributorId":107549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteman","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harlow, H.J.","contributorId":20178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Regehr, E.V.","contributorId":90937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regehr","given":"E.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ben-David, M.","contributorId":11563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-David","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036217,"text":"70036217 - 2011 - Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: A framework for geodynamic interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T16:25:29.72238","indexId":"70036217","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1784,"text":"Geological Society Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"4","title":"Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: A framework for geodynamic interpretation","docAbstract":"<p><span>We identify and discuss 57 magnetic anomaly pattern domains spanning the Circum-Arctic. The domains are based on analysis of a new Circum-Arctic data compilation. The magnetic anomaly patterns can be broadly related to general geodynamic classification of the crust into stable, deformed (magnetic and nonmagnetic), deep magnetic high, oceanic and large igneous province domains. We compare the magnetic domains with topography/bathymetry, regional geology, regional free air gravity anomalies and estimates of the relative magnetic ‘thickness’ of the crust. Most of the domains and their geodynamic classification assignments are consistent with their topographic/bathymetric and geological expression. A few of the domains are potentially controversial. For example, the extent of the Iceland Faroe large igneous province as identified by magnetic anomalies may disagree with other definitions for this feature. Also the lack of definitive magnetic expression of oceanic crust in Baffin Bay, the Norwegian–Greenland Sea and the Amerasian Basin is at odds with some previous interpretations. The magnetic domains and their boundaries provide clues for tectonic models and boundaries within this poorly understood portion of the globe.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/M35.4","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Miller, E.L., Gaina, C., and Brown, P., 2011, Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: A framework for geodynamic interpretation: Geological Society Memoir, v. 35, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f46de4b0c8380cd4bd20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, E. L.","contributorId":75583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaina, C.","contributorId":71389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaina","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, P. J. 0000-0002-2415-7462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-7462","contributorId":92403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036171,"text":"70036171 - 2011 - Relationships among rotational and conventional grazing systems, stream channels, and macroinvertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T19:35:17.713163","indexId":"70036171","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships among rotational and conventional grazing systems, stream channels, and macroinvertebrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cattle grazing in riparian areas can reduce water quality, alter stream channel characteristics, and alter fish and macroinvertebrate assemblage structure. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Services has recommended Rotational Grazing (RG) as an alternative management method on livestock and dairy operations to protect riparian areas and water quality. We evaluated 13 stream channel characteristics, benthic macroinvertebrate larvae (BML), and chironomid pupal exuviae (CPE) from 18 sites in the Upper Midwest of the United States in relation to RG and conventional grazing (CG). A Biotic Composite Score comprised of several macroinvertebrate metrics was developed for both the BML assemblage and the CPE assemblage. Multi-Response Permutation Procedures (MRPP) indicated a significant difference in stream channel characteristics between RG and CG. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling indicated that RG sites were associated with more stable stream banks, higher quality aquatic habitat, lower soil compaction, and larger particles in the streambed. However, neither MRPP nor Mann–Whitney&nbsp;</span><i>U</i><span>&nbsp;tests demonstrated a difference in Biotic Composite Scores for BML or CPE along RG and CG sites. The BML and CPE metrics were significantly correlated, indicating that they were likely responding to similar variables among the study sites. Although stream channel characteristics appeared to respond to grazing management, BML and CPE may have responded to land use throughout the watershed, as well as local land use.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10750-011-0653-0","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Raymond, K., and Vondracek, B., 2011, Relationships among rotational and conventional grazing systems, stream channels, and macroinvertebrates: Hydrobiologia, v. 669, no. 1, p. 105-117, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0653-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475330,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11299/183606","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218392,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0653-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.18603515624999,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.82421875,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.82421875,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.18603515624999,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.18603515624999,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"669","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a78be4b0e8fec6cdc4d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymond, K.L.","contributorId":54836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036272,"text":"70036272 - 2011 - Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036272","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance","docAbstract":"Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e.g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic viruses, including SARS-like corona viruses, henipaviruses, and lyssaviruses, understanding how pathogens are maintained within a population becomes vital. Unfortunately, little is known about maintenance mechanisms for any pathogen in bat populations. We present a mathematical model parameterized with unique data from an extensive study of rabies in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to elucidate general maintenance mechanisms. We propose that life history patterns of many species of temperate-zone bats, coupled with sufficiently long incubation periods, allows for rabies virus maintenance. Seasonal variability in bat mortality rates, specifically low mortality during hibernation, allows long-term bat population viability. Within viable bat populations, sufficiently long incubation periods allow enough infected individuals to enter hibernation and survive until the following year, and hence avoid an epizootic fadeout of rabies virus. We hypothesize that the slowing effects of hibernation on metabolic and viral activity maintains infected individuals and their pathogens until susceptibles from the annual birth pulse become infected and continue the cycle. This research provides a context to explore similar host ecology and viral dynamics that may explain seasonal patterns and maintenance of other bat-borne diseases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1010875108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"George, D., Webb, C., Farnsworth, M.L., O'Shea, T., Bowen, R.A., Smith, D., Stanley, T., Ellison, L., and Rupprecht, C.E., 2011, Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 25, p. 10208-10213, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010875108.","startPage":"10208","endPage":"10213","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475263,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3121824","text":"External Repository"},{"id":218575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010875108"},{"id":246600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a322ce4b0c8380cd5e5a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, D.B.","contributorId":17865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, C.T.","contributorId":84199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"C.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farnsworth, Matthew L.","contributorId":56473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12434,"text":"USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, D.L.","contributorId":41833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rupprecht, C. E.","contributorId":101602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rupprecht","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036218,"text":"70036218 - 2011 - A first look at the petroleum geology of the Lomonosov Ridge microcontinent, Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T19:06:23.937446","indexId":"70036218","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1784,"text":"Geological Society Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"49","title":"A first look at the petroleum geology of the Lomonosov Ridge microcontinent, Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Lomonosov microcontinent is an elongated continental fragment that transects the Arctic Ocean between North America and Siberia via the North Pole. Although it lies beneath polar pack ice, the geological framework of the microcontinent is inferred from sparse seismic reflection data, a few cores, potential field data and the geology of its conjugate margin in the Barents–Kara Shelf. Petroleum systems inferred to be potentially active are comparable to those sourced by condensed Triassic and Jurassic marine shale of the Barents Platform and by condensed Jurassic and (or) Cretaceous shale probably present in the adjacent Amerasia Basin. Cenozoic deposits are known to contain rich petroleum source rocks but are too thermally immature to have generated petroleum. For the 2008 USGS Circum Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA), the microcontinent was divided into shelf and slope assessment units (AUs) at the tectonic hinge line along the Amerasia Basin margin. A low to moderate probability of accumulation in the slope AU yielded fully risked mean estimates of 123 MMBO oil and 740 BCF gas. For the shelf AU, no quantitative assessment was made because the probability of petroleum accumulations of the 50 MMBOE minimum size was estimated to be less than 10% owing to rift-related uplift, erosion and faulting.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/M35.49","issn":"04354052","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., Grantz, A., Pitman, J.K., and Brown, P., 2011, A first look at the petroleum geology of the Lomonosov Ridge microcontinent, Arctic Ocean: Geological Society Memoir, v. 35, p. 751-769, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.49.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"751","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-021684","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218192,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/M35.49"}],"volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f46de4b0c8380cd4bd1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Philip J.","contributorId":70483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Philip J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035867,"text":"70035867 - 2011 - Assessing the potential for luminescence dating of basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T21:42:47.228814","indexId":"70035867","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3216,"text":"Quaternary Geochronology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the potential for luminescence dating of basalts","docAbstract":"<p><span>The possibility of dating&nbsp;</span>basalt<span>&nbsp;using luminescence was tested on four samples with independent age control from Cima volcanic field, California, with the ultimate aim of assessing whether the technique could be used to date sediments on the surface of Mars. Previous analysis of these samples had demonstrated that the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signal is most suitable for dating as it showed the lowest fading rate among various luminescence signals. In this study, changes in equivalent dose as a function of preheat are described. The ages for the two youngest Cima samples agree with the independent ages based on cosmogenic nuclide measurements (12.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.8&nbsp;ka). In the two older samples (dated to 320 and 580&nbsp;ka by K–Ar), the luminescence behaviour is more complex and the form of the IRSL decay curve is seen to vary with dose. Mathematical fitting is used to isolate two components and their intensities are used to produce dose response curves. The slower component yields a larger equivalent dose. However, even using this component and after correction for fading, the ages obtained for the older samples are younger than the K–Ar ages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quageo.2010.04.002","issn":"18711014","usgsCitation":"Tsukamoto, S., Duller, G., Wintle, A., and Muhs, D.R., 2011, Assessing the potential for luminescence dating of basalts: Quaternary Geochronology, v. 6, no. 1, p. 61-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2010.04.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216357,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2010.04.002"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edeee4b0c8380cd49afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsukamoto, S.","contributorId":20567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsukamoto","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duller, G.A.T.","contributorId":106292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duller","given":"G.A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wintle, A.G.","contributorId":43952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintle","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035868,"text":"70035868 - 2011 - Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Overview of scientific and technical program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T21:35:59.592744","indexId":"70035868","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Overview of scientific and technical program","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well was drilled within the Alaska North Slope (ANS) Milne Point Unit (MPU) from February 3 to 19, 2007. The well was conducted as part of a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) project co-sponsored since 2001 by BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. (BPXA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to help determine whether ANS gas hydrate can become a technically and commercially viable gas resource. Early in the effort, regional reservoir characterization and reservoir simulation modeling studies indicated that up to 0.34 trillion cubic meters (tcm; 12 trillion cubic feet, tcf) gas may be technically recoverable from 0.92 tcm (33 tcf) gas-in-place within the Eileen gas hydrate accumulation near industry infrastructure within ANS MPU, Prudhoe Bay Unit (PBU), and Kuparuk River Unit (KRU) areas. To further constrain these estimates and to enable the selection of a test site for further data acquisition, the USGS reprocessed and interpreted MPU 3D seismic data provided by BPXA to delineate 14 prospects containing significant highly-saturated gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs. The “Mount Elbert” site was selected to drill a stratigraphic test well to acquire a full suite of wireline log, core, and formation pressure test data. Drilling results and data interpretation confirmed pre-drill predictions and thus increased confidence in both the prospect interpretation methods and in the wider ANS gas hydrate resource estimates. The interpreted data from the Mount Elbert well provide insight into and reduce uncertainty of key gas hydrate-bearing reservoir properties, enable further refinement and validation of the numerical simulation of the production potential of both MPU and broader ANS gas hydrate resources, and help determine viability of potential field sites for future extended term production testing. Drilling and data acquisition operations demonstrated that gas hydrate scientific research programs can be safely, effectively, and efficiently conducted within ANS infrastructure. The program success resulted in a technical team recommendation to project management to drill and complete a long-term production test within the area of existing ANS infrastructure. If approved by stakeholders, this long-term test would build on prior arctic research efforts to better constrain the potential gas rates and volumes that could be produced from gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.015","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R., Collett, T.S., Boswell, R., Anderson, B., Digert, S., Pospisil, G., Baker, R., and Weeks, M., 2011, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Overview of scientific and technical program: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 295-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.015.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216384,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              67.47492238478702\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.888671875,\n              67.47492238478702\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.888671875,\n              71.52490903732816\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              71.52490903732816\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              67.47492238478702\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e91e4b0c8380cd70b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, R.B.","contributorId":29538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, B.J.","contributorId":70914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Digert, S.A.","contributorId":60047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Digert","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pospisil, G.","contributorId":77767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pospisil","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baker, R.","contributorId":11542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weeks, M.","contributorId":62432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036220,"text":"70036220 - 2011 - When a habitat freezes solid: Microorganisms over-winter within the ice column of a coastal Antarctic lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T19:00:55.472491","indexId":"70036220","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When a habitat freezes solid: Microorganisms over-winter within the ice column of a coastal Antarctic lake","docAbstract":"<p><span>A major impediment to understanding the biology of microorganisms inhabiting Antarctic environments is the logistical constraint of conducting field work primarily during the summer season. However, organisms that persist throughout the year encounter severe environmental changes between seasons. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we collected ice core samples from Pony Lake in early November 2004 when the lake was frozen solid to its base, providing an archive for the biological and chemical processes that occurred during winter freezeup. The ice contained bacteria and virus-like particles, while flagellated algae and ciliates over-wintered in the form of inactive cysts and spores. Both bacteria and algae were metabolically active in the ice core melt water. Bacterial production ranged from 1.8 to 37.9 μg C L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Upon encountering favorable growth conditions in the melt water, primary production ranged from 51 to 931 μg C L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Because of the strong H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S odor and the presence of closely related anaerobic organisms assigned to Pony Lake bacterial 16S rRNA gene clones, we hypothesize that the microbial assemblage was strongly affected by oxygen gradients, which ultimately restricted the majority of phylotypes to distinct strata within the ice column. This study provides evidence that the microbial community over-winters in the ice column of Pony Lake and returns to a highly active metabolic state when spring melt is initiated.</span>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01061.x","issn":"01686496","usgsCitation":"Foreman, C., Dieser, M., Greenwood, M., Cory, R., Laybourn-Parry, J., Lisle, J.T., Jaros, C., Miller, P., Chin, Y., and McKnight, D.M., 2011, When a habitat freezes solid: Microorganisms over-winter within the ice column of a coastal Antarctic lake: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 76, no. 3, p. 401-412, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01061.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"412","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475128,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01061.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01061.x"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd04fe4b08c986b32eda8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, C.M.","contributorId":72633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dieser, M.","contributorId":95314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieser","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, M.","contributorId":100665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cory, R.M.","contributorId":72186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cory","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laybourn-Parry, J.","contributorId":46715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laybourn-Parry","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jaros, C.","contributorId":22184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaros","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Miller, P.L.","contributorId":103912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chin, Y.-P.","contributorId":84911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70036673,"text":"70036673 - 2011 - Assessing water quality suitability for shortnose sturgeon in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, USA with an in situ bioassay approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T20:20:33.746174","indexId":"70036673","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing water quality suitability for shortnose sturgeon in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, USA with an in situ bioassay approach","docAbstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of water quality in the Roanoke River of North Carolina for supporting shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum, an endangered species in the United States. Fathead minnows Pimephales promelas were also evaluated alongside the sturgeon as a comparative species to measure potential differences in fish survival, growth, contaminant accumulation, and histopathology in a 28-day in situ toxicity test. Captively propagated juvenile shortnose sturgeon (total length 49 ± 8mm, mean ±SD) and fathead minnows (total length 39 ± 3mm, mean ± SD) were used in the test and their outcomes were compared to simultaneous measurements of water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, total ammonia nitrogen, hardness, alkalinity, turbidity) and contaminant chemistry (metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, current use pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls) in river water and sediment. In the in situ test, there were three non-riverine control sites and eight riverine test sites with three replicate cages (25 X 15-cm (OD) clear plexiglass with 200-lm tear-resistant Nitex screen over each end) of 20 shortnose sturgeon per cage at each site. There was a single cage of fathead minnows also deployed at each site alongside the sturgeon cages. Survival of caged shortnose sturgeon among the riverine sites averaged 9% (range 1.7-25%) on day 22 of the 28-day study, whereas sturgeon survival at the non-riverine control sites averaged 64% (range 33-98%). In contrast to sturgeon, only one riverine deployed fathead minnow died (average 99.4% survival) over the 28-day test period and none of the control fathead minnows died. Although chemical analyses revealed the presence of retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene), a pulp and paper mill derived compound with known dioxin-like toxicity to early life stages of fish, in significant quantities in the water (251-603ngL-1) and sediment (up to 5000ngg-1 dry weight) at several river sites, no correlation was detected of adverse water quality conditions or measured contaminant concentrations to the poor survival of sturgeon among riverine test sites. Histopathology analysis determined that the mortality of the river deployed shortnose sturgeon was likely due to liver and kidney lesions from an unknown agent(s). Given the poor survival of shortnose sturgeon (9%) and high survival of fathead minnows (99.4%) at the riverine test sites, our study indicates that conditions in the Roanoke River are incongruous with the needs of juvenile shortnose sturgeon and that fathead minnows, commonly used standard toxicity test organisms, do not adequately predict the sensitivity of shortnose sturgeon. Therefore, additional research is needed to help identify specific limiting factors and management actions for the enhancement and recovery of this imperiled fish species.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01570.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Cope, W., Holliman, F., Kwak, T., Oakley, N., Lazaro, P., Shea, D., Augspurger, T., Law, J., Henne, J., and Ware, K., 2011, Assessing water quality suitability for shortnose sturgeon in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, USA with an in situ bioassay approach: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01570.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01570.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6298828125,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6298828125,\n              36.40359962073253\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              36.40359962073253\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf4e4b0c8380cd49b33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holliman, F.M.","contributorId":86153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holliman","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oakley, N.C.","contributorId":79734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lazaro, P.R.","contributorId":46801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazaro","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shea, D.","contributorId":84987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Law, J.M.","contributorId":86995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Henne, J.P.","contributorId":21798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henne","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ware, K.M.","contributorId":86603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ware","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70035680,"text":"70035680 - 2011 - The effects of isolation on the demography and genetic diversity of long-lived species: Implications for conservation and management of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T13:41:02","indexId":"70035680","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of isolation on the demography and genetic diversity of long-lived species: Implications for conservation and management of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus)","docAbstract":"In the southeastern United States, habitat loss has fragmented the landscape and isolated many populations of this region's flora and fauna, which has presumably resulted in smaller population sizes and reduced levels of genetic diversity. For example, forestry practices and anthropogenic disturbances are both cited as factors fragmenting the once extensive range of Gopherus polyphemus. One localized, but extreme, source of fragmentation was the impoundment of the Chattahoochee River in 1963 to form Walter F. George Reservoir along the border of Georgia and Alabama. The formation of this reservoir isolated populations of G. polyphemus on two newly created islands providing a natural laboratory to explore the demographics and genetic effects of fragmentation on a long-lived species. These populations were first surveyed in 1984 and, 21 years later, we revisited them to collect demographic data and tissue samples for genetic analysis. We genotyped all individuals for 10 microsatellite loci, and we tested these data for bottlenecks and compared them to levels of genetic diversity for populations from other portions of the range. We found 45 and two individuals on the larger and smaller islands, respectively. On the large island, however, the population size was identical to the 1984 survey. Only the population structure based on estimated age differed between the 1984 and 2004 surveys, while population size structure based on carapace length, sex ratio, and sex-specific growth rates did not differ. The population of the large island showed genetic evidence of a past bottleneck. The genetic diversity indices from the population of the large island, however, were comparable to or greater than those found at mainland sites, in particular from western populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","issn":"19317603","usgsCitation":"Ennen, J., Birkhead, R., Kreiser, B., Gaillard, D., Qualls, C., and Lovich, J., 2011, The effects of isolation on the demography and genetic diversity of long-lived species: Implications for conservation and management of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus): Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 202-214.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272151,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://profile.usgs.gov/myscience/upload_folder/ci2012Nov2416114733446Ennen_etal_2011%20gopher%20tortoise%20paper.pdf"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab86e4b08c986b322ed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ennen, J.R.","contributorId":108335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennen","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birkhead, R.D.","contributorId":32752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkhead","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kreiser, B.R.","contributorId":17441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiser","given":"B.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaillard, D.L.","contributorId":103494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaillard","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qualls, C.P.","contributorId":37983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qualls","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovich, J.E.","contributorId":102411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035679,"text":"70035679 - 2011 - A puzzling migratory detour : Are fueling conditions in Alaska driving the movement of juvenile sharp -tailed sandpipers ?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T19:28:33.410291","indexId":"70035679","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A puzzling migratory detour : Are fueling conditions in Alaska driving the movement of juvenile sharp -tailed sandpipers ?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Making a detour can be advantageous to a migrating bird if fuel-deposition rates at stopover sites along the detour are considerably higher than at stopover sites along a more direct route. One example of an extensive migratory detour is that of the Sharp-tailed Sandpiper (</span><i>Calidris acuminata</i><span>), of which large numbers of juveniles are found during fall migration in western Alaska. These birds take a detour of 1500–3400 km from the most direct route between their natal range in northeastern Siberia and nonbreeding areas in Australia. We studied the autumnal fueling rates and fuel loads of 357 Sharp-tailed Sandpipers captured in western Alaska. In early September the birds increased in mass at a rate of only 0.5% of lean body mass day</span><sup>-1</sup><span>. Later in September, the rate of mass increase was about 6% of lean body mass day</span><sup>-1</sup><span>, among the highest values found among similar-sized shorebirds around the world. Some individuals more than doubled their body mass because of fuel deposition, allowing nonstop flight of between 7100 and 9800 km, presumably including a trans-oceanic flight to the southern hemisphere. Our observations indicated that predator attacks were rare in our study area, adding another potential benefit of the detour. We conclude that the most likely reason for the Alaskan detour is that it allows juvenile Sharp-tailed Sandpipers to put on large fuel stores at exceptionally high rates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.090171","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Lindstrom, A., Gill, R., Jamieson, S., McCaffery, B., Wennerberg, L., Wikelski, M., and Klaassen, M., 2011, A puzzling migratory detour : Are fueling conditions in Alaska driving the movement of juvenile sharp -tailed sandpipers ?: Condor, v. 113, no. 1, p. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090171.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"139","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475151,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090171","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216400,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090171"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.927734375,\n              64.20637724320852\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.11328125,\n              63.39152174400882\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.728515625,\n              61.81466389468391\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.025390625,\n              60.673178565817715\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.443359375,\n              59.44507509904714\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.212890625,\n              59.22093407615045\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.103515625,\n              60.23981116999893\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.345703125,\n              62.471723714758724\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.81835937499997,\n              63.66576033778838\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.224609375,\n              64.4348920430406\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.927734375,\n              64.20637724320852\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e522e4b0c8380cd46b50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindstrom, A.","contributorId":60880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jamieson, S.E.","contributorId":21006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamieson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCaffery, B.","contributorId":44758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wennerberg, Liv","contributorId":63360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wennerberg","given":"Liv","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wikelski, M.","contributorId":95188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikelski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klaassen, M.","contributorId":96921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaassen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035389,"text":"70035389 - 2011 - Are temperate mature forests buffered from invasive lianas?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T14:32:05","indexId":"70035389","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2571,"text":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are temperate mature forests buffered from invasive lianas?","docAbstract":"Mature and old-growth forests are often thought to be buffered against invasive species due to low levels of light and infrequent disturbance. Lianas (woody vines) and other climbing plants are also known to exhibit lower densities in older forests. As part of a larger survey of the lianas of the southern Lake Michigan region in mature and old-growth forests, the level of infestation by invasive lianas was evaluated. The only invasive liana detected in these surveys was <i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i> Thunb. (Celastraceae). Although this species had only attached to trees and reached the canopy in a few instances, it was present in 30% of transects surveyed, mostly as a component of the ground layer. Transects with <i>C. orbiculatus</i> had higher levels of soil potassium and higher liana richness than transects without. In contrast, transects with the native <i>C. scandens</i> had higher pH, sand content, and soil magnesium and lower organic matter compared to transects where it was absent. <i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i> appears to be a generalist liana since it often occurs with native lianas. <i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i> poses a substantial threat to mature forests as it will persist in the understory until a canopy gap or other disturbance provides the light and supports necessary for it to ascend to the canopy and damage tree species. As a result, these forests should be monitored by land managers so that <i>C. orbiculatus</i> eradication can occur while invasions are at low densities and restricted to the ground layer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Torrey Botanical Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.3159/10-RA-055.1","issn":"10955674","usgsCitation":"Pavlovic, N.B., and Leicht-Young, S.A., 2011, Are temperate mature forests buffered from invasive lianas?: Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, v. 138, no. 1, p. 85-92, https://doi.org/10.3159/10-RA-055.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215555,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3159/10-RA-055.1"},{"id":243367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana;Michigan;Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed60e4b0c8380cd4978f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leicht-Young, Stacey A.","contributorId":80506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035985,"text":"70035985 - 2011 - Fluid sources and metallogenesis in the Blackbird Co-Cu-Au-Bi-Y-REE district, Idaho, U.S.A.: Insights from major-element and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T15:15:13","indexId":"70035985","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid sources and metallogenesis in the Blackbird Co-Cu-Au-Bi-Y-REE district, Idaho, U.S.A.: Insights from major-element and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tourmaline is a widespread mineral in the Mesoproterozoic Blackbird Co–Cu–Au–Bi–Y–REE district, Idaho, where it occurs in both mineralized zones and wallrocks. We report here major-element and B-isotope compositions of tourmaline from stratabound sulfide deposits and their metasedimentary wallrocks, from mineralized and barren pipes of tourmaline breccia, from late barren quartz veins, and from Mesoproterozoic granite. The tourmalines are aluminous, intermediate in the schorl–dravite series, with Fe/(Fe + Mg) values of 0.30 to 0.85, and 10 to 50%&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><span>-site vacancies. Compositional zoning is prominent only in tourmaline from breccias and quartz veins; crystal rims are enriched in Mg, Ca and Ti, and depleted in Fe and Al relative to cores. The chemical composition of tourmaline does not correlate with the presence or absence of mineralization. The δ</span><sup>11</sup><span>B values fall into two groups. Isotopically light tourmaline (−21.7 to −7.6‰) occurs in unmineralized samples from wallrocks, late quartz veins and Mesoproterozoic granite, whereas heavy tourmaline (−6.9 to +3.2‰) is spatially associated with mineralization (stratabound and breccia-hosted), and is also found in barren breccia. At an inferred temperature of 300°C, boron in the hydrothermal fluid associated with mineralization had δ</span><sup>11</sup><span>B values of −3 to +7‰. The high end of this range indicates a marine source of the boron. A likely scenario involves leaching of boron principally from marine carbonate beds or B-bearing evaporites in Mesoproterozoic strata of the region. The δ</span><sup>11</sup><span>B values of the isotopically light tourmaline in the sulfide deposits are attributed to recrystallization during Cretaceous metamorphism, superimposed on a light boron component derived from footwall siliciclastic sediments (</span><i>e.g.</i><span>, marine clays) during Mesoproterozoic mineralization, and possibly a minor component of light boron from a magmatic–hydrothermal fluid. The metal association of Bi–Be–Y–REE in the Blackbird ores suggests some magmatic input, but involvement of granite-derived fluids cannot be conclusively established from the present database.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","doi":"10.3749/canmin.49.1.225","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Trumbull, R.B., Slack, J.F., Krienitz, M., Belkin, H.E., and Wiedenbeck, M., 2011, Fluid sources and metallogenesis in the Blackbird Co-Cu-Au-Bi-Y-REE district, Idaho, U.S.A.: Insights from major-element and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 49, no. 1, p. 225-244, https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.49.1.225.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-018098","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487827,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:243513","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.49.1.225"},{"id":244226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1278e4b0c8380cd54303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trumbull, Robert B.","contributorId":105129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trumbull","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krienitz, M.-S.","contributorId":32376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krienitz","given":"M.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiedenbeck, M.","contributorId":45142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiedenbeck","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036271,"text":"70036271 - 2011 - Geology and petroleum potential of the Arctic Alaska petroleum province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-20T18:02:38.113461","indexId":"70036271","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1784,"text":"Geological Society Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"32","title":"Geology and petroleum potential of the Arctic Alaska petroleum province","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Arctic Alaska petroleum province encompasses all lands and adjacent continental shelf areas north of the Brooks Range–Herald Arch orogenic belt and south of the northern (outboard) margin of the Beaufort Rift shoulder. Even though only a small part is thoroughly explored, it is one of the most prolific petroleum provinces in North America with total known resources (cumulative production plus proved reserves) of&nbsp;</span><i>c</i><span>. 28 BBOE. The province constitutes a significant part of a displaced continental fragment, the Arctic Alaska microplate, that was probably rifted from the Canadian Arctic margin during formation of the Canada Basin. Petroleum prospective rocks in the province, mostly Mississippian and younger, record a sequential geological evolution through passive margin, rift and foreland basin tectonic stages. Significant petroleum source and reservoir rocks were formed during each tectonic stage but it was the foreland basin stage that provided the necessary burial heating to generate petroleum from the source rocks. The lion's share of known petroleum resources in the province occur in combination structural–stratigraphic traps formed as a consequence of rifting and located along the rift shoulder. Since the discovery of the super-giant Prudhoe Bay accumulation in one of these traps in the late 1960s, exploration activity preferentially focused on these types of traps. More recent activity, however, has emphasized the potential for stratigraphic traps and the prospect of a natural gas pipeline in this region has spurred renewed interest in structural traps. For assessment purposes, the province is divided into a Platform assessment unit (AU), comprising the Beaufort Rift shoulder and its relatively undeformed flanks, and a Fold-and-Thrust Belt AU, comprising the deformed area north of the Brooks Range and Herald Arch tectonic belt. Mean estimates of undiscovered, technically recoverable resources include nearly 28 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and 122 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of nonassociated gas in the Platform AU and 2 BBO and 59 TCF of nonassociated gas in the Fold-and-Thrust Belt AU.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/M35.32","issn":"04354052","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., and Houseknecht, D.W., 2011, Geology and petroleum potential of the Arctic Alaska petroleum province: Geological Society Memoir, no. 35, p. 485-499, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.32.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"499","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/M35.32"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Alaska Province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.55273437499997,\n              68.13885164925573\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.59765625,\n              68.26938680456564\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.169921875,\n              68.8159271333607\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.34765625,\n              69.03714171275197\n            ],\n            [\n              -138.955078125,\n              68.43151284537514\n            ],\n            [\n              -138.427734375,\n              69.68761843185617\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.162109375,\n              71.07405646336098\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.072265625,\n              72.01972876525514\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.59765625,\n              72.39570570653261\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.365234375,\n              72.04683989379397\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.45312499999997,\n              68.75231494434473\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.607421875,\n              67.7760253890732\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.55273437499997,\n              68.13885164925573\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f46ae4b0c8380cd4bd03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036268,"text":"70036268 - 2011 - Habitat fragmentation reduces nest survival in an Afrotropical bird community in a biodiversity hotspot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036268","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat fragmentation reduces nest survival in an Afrotropical bird community in a biodiversity hotspot","docAbstract":"Ecologists have long hypothesized that fragmentation of tropical landscapes reduces avian nest success. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously assessed because of the difficulty of finding large numbers of well-hidden nests in tropical forests. Here we report that in the East Usambara Mountains in Tanzania, which are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, a global biodiversity hotspot, that daily nest survival rate and nest success for seven of eight common understory bird species that we examined over a single breeding season were significantly lower in fragmented than in continuous forest, with the odds of nest failure for these seven species ranging from 1.9 to 196.8 times higher in fragmented than continuous forest. Cup-shaped nests were particularly vulnerable in fragments. We then examined over six breeding seasons and 14 study sites in a multivariable survival analysis the influence of landscape structure and nest location on daily nest survival for 13 common species representing 1,272 nests and four nest types (plate, cup, dome, and pouch). Across species and nest types, area, distance of nest to edge, and nest height had a dominant influence on daily nest survival, with area being positively related to nest survival and distance of nest to edge and nest height being both positively and negatively associated with daily nest survival. Our results indicate that multiple environmental factors contribute to reduce nest survival within a tropical understory bird community in a fragmented landscape and that maintaining large continuous forest is important for enhancing nest survival for Afrotropical understory birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1104955108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Newmark, W., and Stanley, T., 2011, Habitat fragmentation reduces nest survival in an Afrotropical bird community in a biodiversity hotspot: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 28, p. 11488-11493, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104955108.","startPage":"11488","endPage":"11493","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475270,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104955108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104955108"},{"id":246541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f0ee4b0c8380cd5ca4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newmark, W.D.","contributorId":100644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newmark","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036221,"text":"70036221 - 2011 - Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T07:50:14","indexId":"70036221","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model","docAbstract":"<p>Coupled intragrain diffusional mass transfer and nonlinear surface complexation processes play an important role in the transport behavior of U(VI) in contaminated aquifers. Two alternative model approaches for simulating these coupled processes were analyzed and compared: (1) the physical nonequilibrium approach that explicitly accounts for aqueous speciation and instantaneous surface complexation reactions in the intragrain regions and approximates the diffusive mass exchange between the immobile intragrain pore water and the advective pore water as multirate first-order mass transfer and (2) the chemical nonequilibrium approach that approximates the diffusion-limited intragrain surface complexation reactions by a set of multiple first-order surface complexation reaction kinetics, thereby eliminating the explicit treatment of aqueous speciation in the intragrain pore water. A model comparison has been carried out for column and field scale scenarios, representing the highly transient hydrological and geochemical conditions in the U(VI)-contaminated aquifer at the Hanford 300A site, Washington, USA. It was found that the response of U(VI) mass transfer behavior to hydrogeochemically induced changes in U(VI) adsorption strength was more pronounced in the physical than in the chemical nonequilibrium model. The magnitude of the differences in model behavior depended particularly on the degree of disequilibrium between the advective and immobile phase U(VI) concentrations. While a clear difference in U(VI) transport behavior between the two models was noticeable for the column-scale scenarios, only minor differences were found for the Hanford 300A field scale scenarios, where the model-generated disequilibrium conditions were less pronounced as a result of frequent groundwater flow reversals.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010118","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Greskowiak, J., Hay, M., Prommer, H., Liu, C., Post, V., Ma, R., Davis, J., Zheng, C., and Zachara, J., 2011, Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010118.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr010118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fcae4b08c986b319133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greskowiak, J.","contributorId":21002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greskowiak","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, M.B.","contributorId":30078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prommer, H.","contributorId":12264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prommer","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, C.","contributorId":67755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Post, V.E.A.","contributorId":56078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"V.E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ma, R.","contributorId":17458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zheng, C.","contributorId":39976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zachara, J.M.","contributorId":96896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70035981,"text":"70035981 - 2011 - Cosmogenic nuclide and uranium-series dating of old, high shorelines in the western Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:53:22.174716","indexId":"70035981","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cosmogenic nuclide and uranium-series dating of old, high shorelines in the western Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Closed-basin pluvial lakes are sensitive recorders of effective moisture, and they provide a terrestrial signal of climate change that can be compared to marine and ice records of glacial-interglacial cycles. Although the most recent deep-lake cycle in the western Great Basin (at ca. 16 ka) has been studied intensively, comparatively little is known about the longer-term Quaternary lacustrine history of the region. Lacustrine features higher than those of the most recent highstand have been discovered in many locations throughout the western Great Basin. Qualitative geomorphic and soil studies of shoreline sequences above the latest Pleistocene level suggest that their ages increase as a function of increasing altitude.</p><p>The results of cosmogenic nuclide dating using chlorine-36 depth profiles from three sites in Nevada (Walker Lake, Columbus Salt Marsh, and Newark Valley), combined with uranium-series and radiocarbon ages, corroborate the geomorphic and soil evidence. The<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup>Cl results are consistent with available<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>C ages and together indicate that the most recent highstands of all three lakes occurred ca. 20–15 ka, late in marine isotope stage (MIS) 2, as shown by previous ages. The<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup>Cl ages indicate that older lakes in all three basins reached highstands between 100 and 50 ka, and most likely during MIS 4. Shorelines of this age are at about the same or higher altitudes as the younger, MIS 2 shorelines in those basins. The<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup>Cl results combined with uranium-series ages and one tephra correlation obtained on shorelines higher in altitude than those of MIS 4 and 2 lakes suggest that there were also major lake highstands in the western Great Basin at ca. 100–200 ka, likely corresponding with MIS 6, and during at least two older periods. From these results, we conclude that the preserved shorelines show an apparent decrease in maximum levels with time, suggesting long-term drying of the region since the early middle Pleistocene.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30010.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Kurth, G., Phillips, F.M., Reheis, M.C., Redwine, J., and Paces, J.B., 2011, Cosmogenic nuclide and uranium-series dating of old, high shorelines in the western Great Basin, USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 123, no. 3-4, p. 744-768, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30010.1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"744","endPage":"768","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216296,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30010.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, and Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Western Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.01611328125,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.21337890625,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.23535156249999,\n              43.14909399920127\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11328124999999,\n              43.14909399920127\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.31103515625,\n              39.06184913429154\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.67431640625,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              36.84446074079564\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.01611328125,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc60e4b0c8380cd4e268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurth, G.","contributorId":22991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurth","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, F. M.","contributorId":24493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":138571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redwine, J.L.","contributorId":60468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redwine","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035527,"text":"70035527 - 2011 - Passage and behaviour of cultured Lake Sturgeon in a prototype side-baffle fish ladder: I. Ladder hydraulics and fish ascent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T20:26:15.705117","indexId":"70035527","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Passage and behaviour of cultured Lake Sturgeon in a prototype side-baffle fish ladder: I. Ladder hydraulics and fish ascent","docAbstract":"<p><span>Research and development of a fish ladder for sturgeons requires understanding ladder hydraulics and sturgeon behaviour in the ladder to insure the ladder is safe and provides effective passage. After years of research and development, we designed and constructed a full‐scale prototype side‐baffle ladder inside a spiral flume (38.3 m long × 1 m wide × 1 m high) on a 6% (1 : 16.5) slope with a 1.92‐m rise in elevation (bottom to top) to test use by sturgeons. Twenty‐eight triangular side baffles, each extending part way across the flume, alternated from inside wall to outside wall down the ladder creating two major flow habitats: a continuous, sinusoidal flow down the ladder through the vertical openings of side‐baffles and an eddy below each side baffle. Ascent and behaviour was observed on 22 cultured Lake Sturgeon = LS (</span><i>Acipenser fulvescens</i><span>) repeatedly tested in groups as juveniles (as small as 105.1 cm TL, mean) or as adults (mean TL, 118 cm) during four periods (fall 2002 and 2003; spring 2003 and 2007). Percent of juveniles entering the ladder that ascended to the top was greater in spring (72.7%) than in fall (40.9–45.5%) and 90.9% of 11 adults, which ascended as juveniles, ascended to the top. Six LS (27.3%) never swam to the top and seven (31.8%) swam to the top in all tests, indicating great variability among individuals for ascent drive. Some LS swam directly to the top in &lt;1 min, but most rested in an eddy during ascent. Juveniles swimming through outside wall baffle slots (mean velocity, 1.2 m s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) swam at 1.8–2.2 body lengths s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and 3.2–3.3 tail beats s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, either at or approaching prolonged swimming speed. The side‐baffle ladder was stream‐like and provided key factors for a sturgeon ladder: a continuous flow and no full cross‐channel walls, abundant eddies for resting, an acceptable water depth, and a water velocity fish could ascend swimming 2 bl s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. A side‐baffle ladder passes LS and other moderate‐swimming fishes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., Pugh, D., and Parker, T., 2011, Passage and behaviour of cultured Lake Sturgeon in a prototype side-baffle fish ladder: I. Ladder hydraulics and fish ascent: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475622,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x"}],"volume":"27","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a756fe4b0c8380cd77b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pugh, D.","contributorId":99367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, T.","contributorId":90901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036222,"text":"70036222 - 2011 - Fish entrainment rates through towboat propellers in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T12:53:04.024501","indexId":"70036222","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish entrainment rates through towboat propellers in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>A specially designed net was used to study fish entrainment and injury through towboat propellers in 13 pools of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers. The net was attached to the stern of a 48.8‐m‐long towboat with twin propellers (in Kort propulsion nozzles), and sampling typically took place while the towboat pushed 15 loaded barges upstream at a time. In total, 254 entrainment samples over 894 km of the 13 study pools were collected. The sampling efforts produced 16,005 fish representing 15 families and at least 44 species; fish ranged in total length from 3 to 123 cm, but only 12.5‐cm or longer fish were analyzed because smaller fish could escape through the mesh of the trawl. Clupeidae (68% of total catch) and Sciaenidae (21%) were the dominant families. We detected no effects of towboat operation variables (speed and engine [i.e., propeller] revolutions per minute [RPM]) on entrainment rate (i.e., fish/km), but entrainment rate showed a wedge‐shaped distribution relative to hydraulic and geomorphic characteristics of the channel. Entrainment rate was low (&lt;1 fish/km) in wide sections of the river, deep water, and swift current (or time periods characterized by faster flow); however, entrainment in narrow sections with shallow, slow water was highly variable and occasionally reached high levels (&gt;30 fish/km). Although total entrainment rate was not related to engine RPM, the probability of being struck by a propeller increased with fish length and engine RPM. Limits on engine RPM in narrow, shallow, and sluggish reaches could reduce entrainment impact, particularly for large‐bodied fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.581977","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Jack, K.K., Miranda, L.E., Murphy, C., Wolff, D., Hoover, J., Keevin, T., Maynord, S., and Cornish, M., 2011, Fish entrainment rates through towboat propellers in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 3, p. 570-581, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.581977.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"570","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-021895","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.81298828125,\n              43.45291889355465\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.64794921875,\n              43.48481212891603\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.34033203125,\n              43.18114705939968\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.25244140624999,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7470703125,\n              42.391008609205045\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4833984375,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4833984375,\n              41.82045509614034\n            ],\n            [\n     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C.E.","contributorId":62062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolff, D.M.","contributorId":29679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoover, J.J.","contributorId":71037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keevin, T.M.","contributorId":49222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keevin","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maynord, S.T.","contributorId":85813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maynord","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cornish, M.A.","contributorId":65702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornish","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035649,"text":"70035649 - 2011 - Effects of reduction in porosity and permeability with depth on storage capacity and injectivity in deep saline aquifers: A case study from the Mount Simon Sandstone aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T21:12:22.416992","indexId":"70035649","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2049,"text":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of reduction in porosity and permeability with depth on storage capacity and injectivity in deep saline aquifers: A case study from the Mount Simon Sandstone aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Upper Cambrian Mount Simon Sandstone is recognized as a deep saline reservoir that has significant potential for geological sequestration in the Midwestern region of the United States. Porosity and permeability values collected from core analyses in rocks from this formation and its lateral equivalents in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and Ohio indicate a predictable relationship with depth owing to a reduction in the pore structure due to the effects of compaction and/or cementation, primarily as quartz overgrowths. The regional trend of decreasing porosity with depth is described by the equation:&nbsp;</span><i>ϕ</i><span>(</span><i>d</i><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>16.36</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i>e</i><sup>−0.00039*<i>d</i></sup><span>, where&nbsp;</span><i>ϕ</i><span>&nbsp;is the porosity and&nbsp;</span><i>d</i><span>&nbsp;is the depth in m. The decrease of porosity with depth generally holds true on a basinwide scale. Bearing in mind local variations in lithologic and petrophysical character within the Mount Simon Sandstone, the source data that were used to predict porosity were utilized to estimate the pore volume available within the reservoir that could potentially serve as storage space for injected CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. The potential storage capacity estimated for the Mount Simon Sandstone in the study area, using efficiency factors of 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, is 23,680, 118,418, 236,832, and 355,242 million metric tons of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.03.001","issn":"17505836","usgsCitation":"Medina, C., Rupp, J., and Barnes, D., 2011, Effects of reduction in porosity and permeability with depth on storage capacity and injectivity in deep saline aquifers: A case study from the Mount Simon Sandstone aquifer: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 5, no. 1, p. 146-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.03.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488083,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1039694","text":"External 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C.R.","contributorId":58857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medina","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rupp, J.A.","contributorId":30596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, D.A.","contributorId":34786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035949,"text":"70035949 - 2011 - Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T21:04:55.472534","indexId":"70035949","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy","docAbstract":"<p><span>In February 2007, BP Exploration (Alaska), the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Geological Survey completed the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well (Mount Elbert well) in the Milne Point Unit on the Alaska North Slope. The program achieved its primary goals of validating the pre-drill estimates of gas hydrate occurrence and thickness based on 3-D seismic interpretations and wireline log correlations and collecting a comprehensive suite of logging, coring, and pressure testing data. The upper section of the Mount Elbert well was drilled through the base of ice-bearing permafrost to a casing point of 594&nbsp;m (1950&nbsp;ft), approximately 15&nbsp;m (50&nbsp;ft) above the top of the targeted reservoir interval. The lower portion of the well was continuously cored from 606&nbsp;m (1987&nbsp;ft) to 760&nbsp;m (2494&nbsp;ft) and drilled to a total depth of 914&nbsp;m. Ice-bearing permafrost extends to a depth of roughly 536&nbsp;m and the base of gas hydrate stability is interpreted to extend to a depth of 870&nbsp;m. Coring through the targeted gas hydrate bearing reservoirs was completed using a wireline-retrievable system. The coring program achieved 85% recovery of 7.6&nbsp;cm (3&nbsp;in) diameter core through 154&nbsp;m (504&nbsp;ft) of the hole. An onsite team processed the cores, collecting and preserving approximately 250 sub-samples for analyses of pore water geochemistry, microbiology, gas chemistry, petrophysical analysis, and thermal and physical properties. Eleven samples were immediately transferred to either methane-charged pressure vessels or liquid nitrogen for future study of the preserved gas hydrate. Additional offsite sampling, analyses, and detailed description of the cores were also conducted. Based on this work, one lithostratigraphic unit with eight subunits was identified across the cored interval. Subunits II and Va comprise the majority of the reservoir facies and are dominantly very fine to fine, moderately sorted, quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragment-bearing to -rich sands. Lithostratigraphic and palynologic data indicate that this section is most likely early Eocene to late Paleocene in age. The examined units contain evidence for both marine and non-marine lithofacies, and indications that the depositional environment for the reservoir facies may have been shallower marine than originally interpreted based on pre-drill wireline log interpretations. There is also evidence of reduced salinity marine conditions during deposition that may be related to the paleo-climate and depositional conditions during the early Eocene.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Rose, K., Boswell, R., and Collett, T.S., 2011, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 311-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"331","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216262,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.34375,\n              67.7427590666639\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.537109375,\n              67.7427590666639\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.537109375,\n              71.44117085172385\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.34375,\n              71.44117085172385\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.34375,\n              67.7427590666639\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e91e4b0c8380cd70b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035650,"text":"70035650 - 2011 - An Analysis of the Published Mineral Resource Estimates of the Haji-Gak Iron Deposit, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-23T16:24:38.902248","indexId":"70035650","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An Analysis of the Published Mineral Resource Estimates of the Haji-Gak Iron Deposit, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Haji-Gak iron deposit of eastern Bamyan Province, eastern Afghanistan, was studied extensively and resource calculations were made in the 1960s by Afghan and Russian geologists. Recalculation of the resource estimates verifies the original estimates for categories A (in-place resources known in detail), B (in-place resources known in moderate detail), and C</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;(in-place resources estimated on sparse data), totaling 110.8&nbsp;Mt, or about 6% of the resources as being supportable for the methods used in the 1960s. C</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;(based on a loose exploration grid with little data) resources are based on one ore grade from one drill hole, and P</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;(prognosis) resources are based on field observations, field measurements, and an ore grade derived from averaging grades from three better sampled ore bodies. C</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and P</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;resources are 1,659.1&nbsp;Mt or about 94% of the total resources in the deposit. The vast P</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;resources have not been drilled or sampled to confirm their extent or quality. The purpose of this article is to independently evaluate the resources of the Haji-Gak iron deposit by using the available geologic and mineral resource information including geologic maps and cross sections, sampling data, and the analog-estimating techniques of the 1960s to determine the size and tenor of the deposit.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11053-011-9154-0","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Sutphin, D., Renaud, K., and Drew, L., 2011, An Analysis of the Published Mineral Resource Estimates of the Haji-Gak Iron Deposit, Afghanistan: Natural Resources Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 329-353, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9154-0.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"353","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9154-0"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Haji-Gak iron deposit in Eastern Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              67.91748046874999,\n              34.00713506435885\n            ],\n            [\n              69.3511962890625,\n              34.00713506435885\n            ],\n            [\n              69.3511962890625,\n              35.250105158539355\n            ],\n            [\n              67.91748046874999,\n              35.250105158539355\n            ],\n            [\n              67.91748046874999,\n              34.00713506435885\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9d0e4b0c8380cd48491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutphin, David M.","contributorId":53769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renaud, Karine krenaud@usgs.gov","contributorId":195405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renaud","given":"Karine","email":"krenaud@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":190730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036262,"text":"70036262 - 2011 - Evaluating the effects of future climate change and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on the water use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T14:12:35","indexId":"70036262","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the effects of future climate change and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on the water use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems of China","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important variable used in climate change and hydrological studies in relation to how it links ecosystem carbon cycles and hydrological cycles together. However, obtaining reliable WUE results based on site-level flux data remains a great challenge when scaling up to larger regional zones. Biophysical, process-based ecosystem models are powerful tools to study WUE at large spatial and temporal scales. The Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) was used to evaluate the effects of climate change and elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> concentrations on ecosystem-level WUE (defined as the ratio of gross primary production (GPP) to evapotranspiration (ET)) in relation to terrestrial ecosystems in China for 2009–2099. Climate scenario data (IPCC SRES A2 and SRES B1) generated from the Third Generation Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) was used in the simulations. Seven simulations were implemented according to the assemblage of different elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> concentrations scenarios and different climate change scenarios. Analysis suggests that (1) further elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>concentrations will significantly enhance the WUE over China by the end of the twenty-first century, especially in forest areas; (2) effects of climate change on WUE will vary for different geographical regions in China with negative effects occurring primarily in southern regions and positive effects occurring primarily in high latitude and altitude regions (Tibetan Plateau); (3) WUE will maintain the current levels for 2009–2099 under the constant climate scenario (i.e. using mean climate condition of 1951–2006 and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>concentrations of the 2008 level); and (4) WUE will decrease with the increase of water resource restriction (expressed as evaporation ratio) among different ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.035","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Q., Jiang, H., Peng, C., Liu, J., Wei, X., Fang, X., Liu, S., Zhou, G., and Yu, S., 2011, Evaluating the effects of future climate change and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on the water use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems of China: Ecological Modelling, v. 222, no. 14, p. 2414-2429, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.035.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2414","endPage":"2429","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.035"}],"volume":"222","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf7e4b0c8380cd52989","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Q.","contributorId":93711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, H.","contributorId":83731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, C.","contributorId":79314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fang, X.","contributorId":32288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yu, S.","contributorId":25771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036073,"text":"70036073 - 2011 - Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T22:01:42.739416","indexId":"70036073","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to evaluate groundwater discharge into small lakes we constructed a model that is based on the budget of&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn (radon, t</span><sub>1/2</sub><span>=3.8 d) as a tracer. The main assumptions in our model are that the lake's waters are well‐mixed horizontally and vertically; the only significant&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn source is via groundwater discharge; and the only losses are due to decay and atmospheric evasion. In order to evaluate the groundwater‐derived&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn flux, we monitored the&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn concentration in lake water over periods long enough (usually 1–3 d) to observe changes likely caused by variations in atmospheric exchange (primarily a function of wind speed and temperature). We then attempt to reproduce the observed record by accounting for decay and atmospheric losses and by estimating the total&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn input flux using an iterative approach. Our methodology was tested in two lakes in central Florida: one of which is thought to have significant groundwater inputs (Lake Haines) and another that is known not to have any groundwater inflows but requires daily groundwater augmentation from a deep aquifer (Round Lake). Model results were consistent with independent seepage meter data at both Lake Haines (positive seepage of ∼ 1.6 × 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in Mar 2008) and at Round Lake (no net groundwater seepage)</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Dimova, N.T., and Burnett, W.C., 2011, Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 56, no. 2, p. 486-494, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"494","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475100,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c85e4b0c8380cd52ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dimova, N. T.","contributorId":30080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dimova","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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