The upper Housatonic River basin report area has an abundant supply of water of generally good quality, which is derived from precipitation on the area and streams entering the area. Annual precipitation has averaged about 46 inches over a 30-year period. Of this, approximately 22 inches of water is returned to the atmosphere each year by evaporation and transpiration; the remainder flows overland to streams or percolates downward to the water table and ultimately flows out of the report area in the Housatonic River or in smaller streams tributary to the Hudson River. During the autumn and winter precipitation normally is sufficient to cause a substantial increase in the amount of water stored in surface reservoirs and in aquifers, whereas in the summer, losses through evaporation and transpiration result in sharply reduced streamflow and lowered ground-water levels. Mean monthly storage of water in November is 2.8 inches more than it is in June.
\nThe amount of water that flows into, through, and out of the report area represents the total amount potentially available for use ignoring reuse. For the 30-year period 1931 through 1960, the annual runoff from precipitation has averaged 24 inches (294 billion gallons). During the same period, inflows from Massachusetts and New York have averaged 220 and 64 billion gallons per year, respectively. A total average annual runoff of 578 billion gallons is therefore available. Although runoff indicates the total amount of water potentially available, it is rarely feasible to use all of it. On the other hand, with increased development, some water may be reused several times.
\nThe water availability may be tapped as it flows through the area or is temporarily stored in streams, lakes, and aquifers. The amounts that can be developed differ from place to place and time to time, depending on the amount of precipitation, on the size of drainage area, on the thickness, transmissivity, and areal extent of aquifers, and on the variations in chemical and physical quality of water.
\nDifferences in precipitation cause differences in the amount of streamflow whereas differences in the proportion of stratified drift affect its timing.
\nWater can be obtained from wells almost anywhere in the area, but the amount obtainable at any particular point depends on the type and water-bearing properties of the aquifers tapped.
\nStratified-drift aquifers are the only ones generally capable of yielding more than 100 gpm (gallons per minute) to individual wells. Drilled, screened wells tapping this unit yield from 17 to 1,400 gpm, with a median yield of 200 gpm.
\nTill and bedrock are widespread but generally provide only small supplies of water. Till is tapped in a few places by dug wells, which can yield small supplies of only a few hundred gallons per day throughout all or most of the year. Bedrock is the chief aquifer for privately owned domestic and rural supplies; it is tapped by drilled wells, about 90 percent of which will supply at least 2 gpm. Only 1 of 10 bedrock wells, however, will supply more than 30 gpm.
\nThe amount of ground water potentially available in the report area depends upon the thickness and hydraulic properties of aquifers, the amount of salvageable natural discharge of ground water, and the quantity of water available by induced infiltration from streams and lakes. From data on transmissivity, thickness, recharge, well performance, and streamflow, preliminary estimates of ground-water availability can be made for most stratified-drift aquifers in the report area. Long-term yields estimated for eight areas of stratified drift especially favorable for development of large ground-water supplies ranged from 0.6 to 5 mgd (million gallons per day). Detailed site studies are needed to verity these estimates and to determine optimum yields, drawdowns, and spacing of individual wells before major ground-water development is undertaken in these or other areas.
\nThe chemical quality of water in the report area is generally good; carbonate-bedrock units exert considerable local influence on water quality. Samples of naturally occurring surface water collected at 24 sites during low flow averaged 90 mg/l (milligrams per liter) dissolved solids and 60 mg/l hardness. Water from wells is generally more highly mineralized than naturally occurring water from streams. About 37 percent of the wells sampled yielded water with more than 200 mg/l dissolved solids and 50 percent yielded water with more than 120 mg/l hardness. These concentrations reflect the high degree of mineralization of ground water in carbonate bedrock and unconsolidated deposits derived from this bedrock. The larger streams, which transport varying amounts of industrial and domestic effluents, averaged about 150 mg/l dissolved solids and 90 mg/l hardness.
\nIron and manganese concentrations in both ground water and surface water at some places exceed recommended limits for domestic and industrial use. Most wells in the report area yield water with little or no iron or manganese. In certain localities however, the probability is high of encountering water with excessive concentrations of these constituents. Schists, especially the unit in the northwestern corner of the basin, are the likely sources of water with excessive iron and manganese.
\nIron concentrations in naturally occurring stream water exceed 0.3 mg/l under low-flow conditions at 29 percent of the sites sampled. These excessive concentrations result from discharge of iron-bearing water from aquifers or from swamps where iron is released from decaying vegetation.
\nWater temperature in the larger streams ranges from 0°C (degrees Celsius) to about 28°C. Ground water between 30 feet and 200 feet below the land surface has a relatively constant temperature, usually between 8°C and 11°C.
\nThe quantity of suspended sediment transported by streams under natural conditions is negligible. Even in streams affected by man, turbidity is rarely a problem.
\nThe total amount of water used in the report area for all purposes during 1967 was about 6,360 million gallons, or 140 gpd per person. Public supplies furnished the domestic needs of nearly half the population of the area. All of the 14 public supplies sampled provided water that meets the drinking water standards of the U.S. Public Health Service.
","language":"English","publisher":"Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Cervione, M.A., Mazzaferro, D.L., and Melvin, R.T., 1972, Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 6: Upper Housatonic River basin: Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 21, Report: viii, 82 p.; 6 Plates: 31.73 x 39.58 inches and smaller.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 82 p.; 6 Plates: 31.73 x 39.58 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258809,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0021/report.pdf","size":"26735","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":285991,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038249/plate-b-2.pdf"},{"id":285992,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038249/plate-b-3.pdf"},{"id":285989,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038249/plate-a.pdf"},{"id":285990,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038249/plate-b-1.pdf"},{"id":285993,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038249/plate-c.pdf"},{"id":285994,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038249/plate-d.pdf"}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Housatonic River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.566667,41.25 ], [ -73.566667,42.066667 ], [ -73.166667,42.066667 ], [ -73.166667,41.25 ], [ -73.566667,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcb7ce4b08c986b32d699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cervione, Michael A. 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To assist in planning, the U.S. Geological Survey was requested to initiate a cooperative streamflow data-collection program with the U.S. Public Health Service in June 1972 to determine the availability of surface water and the areal distribution of runoff in the Barrow area. This basic-data report summarizes the streamflow data collected from June 1 through July 10, 1972, at three gaging stations in the Barrow area (fig. 1) and discusses the future data-collection program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/70039169","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Public Health Service","usgsCitation":"Jones, S.H., 1972, Surface-water investigations at Barrow, Alaska: Basic Data Report, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039169.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":109,"text":"Alaska District Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261324,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039169/report.pdf"},{"id":261325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039169/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Barrow;Browerville","otherGeospatial":"Emaiksoun Lake;Esatkuat Lagoon;Esatkuat Creek;Nunavak Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.88333333333333,71.21666666666667 ], [ -156.88333333333333,71.35 ], [ -156.63333333333333,71.35 ], [ -156.63333333333333,71.21666666666667 ], [ -156.88333333333333,71.21666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba190e4b08c986b31f176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Stanley H.","contributorId":98729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230205,"text":"5230205 - 1972 - Use of banding data in migratory game bird research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5230205","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"154","title":"Use of banding data in migratory game bird research and management","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Geis, A.D., 1972, Use of banding data in migratory game bird research and management: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 154, 47.","productDescription":"47","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112141,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822009785148?urlappend=%3Bseq=3"},{"id":202724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geis, A. D.","contributorId":72885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039525,"text":"70039525 - 1972 - A land use classification scheme for use with remote sensor data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039525","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-16T14:25:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"A land use classification scheme for use with remote sensor data","docAbstract":"The needs of Federal agencies for a broad overview of national land use patterns, trends, and environmental impacts, with data inputs from both conventional sources and some of the more exotic sensors in high altitude aircraft and satellite platforms led to the formation in early 1971 of an Inter-Agency Steering Committee on Land Use Information and Classification. The work of this Committee, composed of representatives from the Geological Survey of the U.S. Department of the Interior, the Earth Observations Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Soil Conservation Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, as well as the Association of American Geographers and the International Geographical Union, has been supported by NASA and the EROS Program of the Interior Department and coordinated by the USGS Geographic Applications Program. The Chairman of the Inter-Agency Committee was Dr. Arch C. Gerlach, Chief Geographer of the Geological Survey until his death in May 1972. Shortly before Dr. Gerlach's death, Dr. James R. Anderson was appointed Acting Chairman of the Committee.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, A land use classification scheme for use with remote sensor data, v, 205 p.","productDescription":"v, 205 p.","numberOfPages":"215","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261650,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/confpub/70039525/report.pdf"},{"id":261651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/confpub/70039525/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42fe4b0c8380cd46498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039504,"text":"70039504 - 1972 - Generalized gradient and contour program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039504","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-09T11:52:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":354,"text":"Computer contribution","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"22","title":"Generalized gradient and contour program","docAbstract":"This program computes estimates of gradients, prepares contour maps, and plots various sets of data provided by the user on the CalComp plotters. The gradients represent the maximum rates of change of a real variable Z=f(X,Y) with respect to the twodimensional rectangle on which the function is defined. The contours are lines of equal Z values. The program also plots special line data sets provided by the user.","language":"English","publisher":"Computer Center Division","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039504","usgsCitation":"Hellman, M.S., 1972, Generalized gradient and contour program: Computer contribution 22, iv, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039504.","productDescription":"iv, 87 p.","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261636,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039504/report.pdf"},{"id":261637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039504/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1533e4b0c8380cd54cfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellman, Marshall Strong","contributorId":75001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellman","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"Strong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188907,"text":"70188907 - 1972 - An inventory of suspended sediment stations and type of data analysis for Pennsylvania streams, 1947-1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T15:17:55","indexId":"70188907","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"An inventory of suspended sediment stations and type of data analysis for Pennsylvania streams, 1947-1970","docAbstract":"Data concerning suspended sediment concentrations and loads, frequency of occurrence of suspended sediment concentrations, and long-term trends of annual suspended sediment loads are important tools for today's environmental manager. These data are required background for those concerned with establishing and enforcing erosion and sedimentation control regulations and sediment concentration or turbidity standards for water-quality criteria, or those concerned with designing for adequate long-term water storage in reservoirs (sediment load), for efficient municipal and industrial plant operation (sediment concentration frequency), etc.
This is a compilation of the location, period of record, sampling frequency and type of data synthesis for suspended sediment carried by Pennsylvania streams. Figures 1 and 2 show the approximate locations of sediment sampling stations in Pennsylvania. All of the sediment data listed were collected by the U. S. Geological Survey mainly in cooperation with the following Federal, State, and local agencies.
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
Bureau of Engineering and Construction
Soil and Water Conservation Commission
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
City of Philadelphia
Brandywine Valley Association
Delaware Geological Survey
Conestoga Valley Association
Lehigh County Soil and Water Conservation District
Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrOR711","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Water resources data for Oregon, water year 1971; Part 1, Surface water records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OR-71-1, xii, 364 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOR711.","productDescription":"xii, 364 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378861,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1971/or-71-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1971/or-71-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"40\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oregon\",\"nation\":\"USA 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Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40606,"text":"ofr73323 - 1972 - Chryse region, Viking Mars 1975 landing site 3, semicontrolled mosaic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-13T21:52:10.358402","indexId":"ofr73323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-323","title":"Chryse region, Viking Mars 1975 landing site 3, semicontrolled mosaic","docAbstract":"This semicontrolled mosaic is made with computer enhanced Mariner 9 pictures, transformed to a Mercator projection. Frames were individually scaled for a best fit to the Transverse Mercator projection. Computer processing was performed by the Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology. Processing included contrast enhancement and high-pass filtering which accentuates topographic features while subduing albedo variations. Photographic reproductions of the images were generated from the IPL digital magnetic tapes and mosaicked by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Horizontal placement of pictures is controlled by Mariner 9 tracking data, and may differ from the newly defined martian coordinate system by as much as 60 km.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73323","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Chryse region, Viking Mars 1975 landing site 3, semicontrolled mosaic: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-323, 1 Plate: 32.38 x 40.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73323.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 32.38 x 40.04 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426617,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0323/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0323/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Transverse Mercator Projection","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfaa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":152492,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":530350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56496,"text":"wdrIN711 - 1972 - Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T10:28:04","indexId":"wdrIN711","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-71-1","title":"Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1971","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Indiana, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, and records of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water are given in this report. Records for a few pertinent gaging and water-quality stations in bordering States also are included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of J. L. Cook, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Indiana.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN711","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Department of Natural Resources; Indiana State Board of Health; Indiana State Highway Commission; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-71-1, xi, 355 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN711.","productDescription":"xi, 355 p.","numberOfPages":"371","temporalStart":"1970-10-01","temporalEnd":"1971-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288287,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1971/in-71-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6cd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56574,"text":"wdrKS712 - 1972 - Water resources data for Kansas, water year 1971; Part 2, Water quality records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T15:16:33","indexId":"wdrKS712","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"KS-71-2","title":"Water resources data for Kansas, water year 1971; Part 2, Water quality records","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 1971 water year for Kansas include records of data for the chemical and physical characteristics of surface and ground water. Data on the quality of surface water (chemical, microbiological, temperature, and sediment) were collected from designated sampling sites at predetermined intervals such as once daily, weekly, monthly, or less frequently. Records are given for 66 sampling stations of which 9 are partial-record stations, and 52 are miscellaneous sites. Records of chemical analyses are given for 46 ground-water sites. Locations of surface water-quality stations are shown in Figure 1, page 2. Records for pertinent water-quality stations in bordering States are also included. The records were collected by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of C. W. Lane, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Kansas.
The Geological Survey has published records of chemical quality, suspended sediment, and water temperatures since 1941 in annual series of water-supply papers entitled, \"Quality of Surface Waters of the United States.\" Beginning with the 1964 water year, water-quality records also have been released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Distribution of these reports is limited; they are designed primarily for rapid release of data shortly after the end of the water year to meet local needs. These records will be published later in Geological Survey water-supply papers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrKS712","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Water resources data for Kansas, water year 1971; Part 2, Water quality records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report KS-71-2, v, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrKS712.","productDescription":"v, 140 p.","numberOfPages":"150","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1971/ks-71-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1971/ks-71-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64acf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48169,"text":"ofr73166 - 1972 - Shallow ground water in the Zamin Dawar area, Helmand Province, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr73166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-166","title":"Shallow ground water in the Zamin Dawar area, Helmand Province, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The Zamin Dawar area lies between Kajakai Reservoir and Musa Qala Rud (river) in southcentral Afghanistan, about 90 km (kilometers) northeast of Lashkar Gab. The area comprises two main stream drainage areas: that of Gulmesh Mandeh (ephemeral stream) to the east which includes mostly plains with low hills on the east and north slopes and a high limestone scarp on the west slope; and Baghni Rud to the west which drains a mountainous area to the north and spreads onto a large alluvial fan with distributaries leading both to Helmand Rud to the southeast and Musa Qala Rud to the west. Most of the cultivated lands in the Zamin Dawar area lie in the southern part of the Gulmesh plains and in the Baghni alluvial fan, as well as a ribbon of cultivation on the flood plain of Baghni Rud in the mountains. The southern end of the Zamin Dawar area with high terraces and sharply incised ephemeral stream valleys is uninhabited. \r\n\r\nKarezes provide the chief source of water in the plains. Some 80 were examined and inventoried during the course of the present investigation. Several springs and one large-yield well also contribute to the water supply on the plains. In Baghni valley, developed springs provide the main source of water supply. \r\n\r\nDuring the present investigation, conducted in 1971,. it was found that the karezes yield a total of about 20,000 ac-ft (acre-feet) (25 million cu m (cubic meters)) of water The springs on the plains yield about 3,000 ac-ft (4 million cu m) per year, and the wells yield about 300 ac-ft (375,000 cu m) per year. The inventoried springs in Baghni valley yield about 6,500 ac-ft (8 million cu m) per year, and probably supply about 70 percent of the total water used in the valley. Therefore,the total amount of water used in the Zamin Dawar area in 1971 was about 32,000 ac-ft (40 million cu m). This amount of water was used to irrigate about i0,000 jiribs (approximately 5,000 acres or 2,000 hectares) of cultivated land and served a population of about 40,000 people. \r\n\r\nTwenty years ago the water supply was more than double the 1971 flow from karezes and springs, and the population of the area was probably 60,000 to 70,000 people. During the past 10 years and particularly during the last 3 years, the water table has been declining as a direct result of a dry-weather cycle which has affected much of Afghanistan. Concurrently, the population of the area has declined. Rainfall, based on data from the Kajakai Camp weather station, has declined from a 27-year annual average of about 200 mm (millimeters) to about 160 mm per year, which is the annual average for the last 5 years and equivalent to a reduction of approximately 70,000 ac-ft (88 million cu m) of precipitation per year over the entire area. To compensate for the declining water levels many karezes have been deepened or lengthened at great financial cost to the people.\r\n\r\nThis report evaluates present ground-water conditions in the area and suggests ways-and means by which more water can be obtained for local requirements.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr73166","usgsCitation":"McClymonds, N.E., 1972, Shallow ground water in the Zamin Dawar area, Helmand Province, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-166, 112 p. ill., maps (2 fold. col. in pocket) ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73166.","productDescription":"112 p. ill., maps (2 fold. col. in pocket) ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0166/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84903,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0166/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84904,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0166/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84905,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0166/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5ddf05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClymonds, N. E.","contributorId":94653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClymonds","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14599,"text":"ofr72218 - 1972 - Clay deposits of the Connecticut River Valley, Connecticut: a special problem in land management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-08T11:08:04","indexId":"ofr72218","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-218","title":"Clay deposits of the Connecticut River Valley, Connecticut: a special problem in land management","docAbstract":"When man first settled the United States, two natural features favored settlement; flat land that was easy to build on and to farm, and a nearby river that could act as a source of water, transportation, and power. The Connecticut River Valley from Middletown, Ct. north past the Connecticut-Massachusetts state line satisfied these two needs, and was favored by many early Americans in New England. This area remains an area of rapid urbanization, partly because of the broad flat lowlands.
The subdued topography of this area is due in large part to deposition of fine-grained materials into glacial Lake Hitchcock. This lake was formed during the Wisconsinan age when southward drainage in the Triassic valley of Connecticut was dammed by glacial drift in the area of Rocky Hill, Connecticut. Lake Hitchcock grew to and beyond St. Johnsbury, Vt. with much of the lake being filled with cyclical lake-bottom deposits during the 2,290 to 2,350 years of its life.
Aside from the relative flatness inherent in the deposition of fine-grained lake-bottom deposits, these deposits present very few characteristics that are favorable for urbanization. Favorable characteristics are possible sources of clay for manufacturing and possible sources for waste storage sites. Unfavorable characteristics include low water yields resulting in poor urban water-supply sources, and very low flows in streams during dry periods; low percolation rates resulting In drainage and septic problems; and low or uneven bearing strength which create problems in construction.
Fine-grained lake-bottom deposits have been mapped for six quadrangles in the Connecticut Valley lowlands; the quadrangles of Windsor Locks, Broad Brook, Hartford North, Manchester, Hartford South, and Glastonbury (all located in Connecticut). All the maps were prepared from existing information including well and test hole data on file at the Water Resources Division in Hartford, surficial geologic quadrangle maps, and bedrock contour maps. The maps also reflect geologic interpretations of the history of glacial Lake Hitchcock.
The Hartford North maps were prepared as test maps to determine if the project was feasible. They were prepared using the previously described information plus additional subsurface data obtained from engineering firms and the State Highway Department.
During preparation of the maps, an arcuate-shaped, ice-contact deposit composed of coarse sand and gravel was delineated in the Broad Brook and Windsor Locks quadrangles. This feature marks the location of a zone of stagnant ice In front of and marginal to active ice to the north.
Two types of maps were prepared for the area in study; Thickness of the Principal Clay Deposit, and Thickness of Material Overlying the Principal Clay Deposit. The term \"principal clay deposit\" refers to the fine-grained lake-bottom deposits of Glacial Lake Hitchcock. These maps define the distribution of the deposit, and show the thickness of the deposit in 50 foot intervals and the thickness of the material overlying the deposit In 20 foot intervals. The maps indicate that much of the area is underlain with substantial thicknesses of finegrained lake-bottom deposits (50 feet thick or greater), and that much of the deposit is within 20 feet of the surface.
The maps included in this report can be used for land-use planning. Uses include location of favorable sites for specific uses such as landfills, utility corridors, heavy construction, etc; location of problem areas for specific land uses; identification of possible problems for specific areas; design and construction cost estimates; and prospecting for exploitable clay deposits. It Is suggested that, for effective planning, these maps be used together or in conjunction with other maps such as maps showing surface materials, depth to bedrock, depth to water table, and flood prone areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72218","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 1972, Clay deposits of the Connecticut River Valley, Connecticut: a special problem in land management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-218, Report: vii, 39 leaves; 13 Plates: 22.43 x 30.27 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72218.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 39 leaves; 13 Plates: 22.43 x 30.27 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":354002,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354001,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353997,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353995,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353998,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353990,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353991,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353992,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353993,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353994,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353996,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353999,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354000,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0218/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.75,\n 41.625\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 41.625\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -72.75,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -72.75,\n 41.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":169716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14833,"text":"ofr72250 - 1972 - Additional geochemical data from the Nabesna C-4 and D-5 quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T20:38:39.726098","indexId":"ofr72250","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-250","title":"Additional geochemical data from the Nabesna C-4 and D-5 quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72250","usgsCitation":"Matson, N.A., and Richter, D.H., 1972, Additional geochemical data from the Nabesna C-4 and D-5 quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-250, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72250.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493218,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8689.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":111715,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/10953","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":147563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nabesna C-4 and D-5 quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -143,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -143.2,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -143.2,\n 62.9\n ],\n [\n -143,\n 62.9\n ],\n [\n -143,\n 63\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matson, Neal A. Jr.","contributorId":18779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"Neal","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, Donald H.","contributorId":61021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}