{"pageNumber":"1791","pageRowStart":"44750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":1001404,"text":"1001404 - 1991 - Orphaned mallard brood travels alone from nest to water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T13:44:52.141273","indexId":"1001404","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orphaned mallard brood travels alone from nest to water","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368217","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Dwyer, C., and Luna, C., 1991, Orphaned mallard brood travels alone from nest to water: Condor, v. 93, p. 779-781, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368217.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"781","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479760,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1368217","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":128961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, C.P.","contributorId":46041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luna, C.R.","contributorId":73951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luna","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180739,"text":"70180739 - 1991 - Physiological response of largemouth bass to angling stress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-02T10:11:19","indexId":"70180739","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological response of largemouth bass to angling stress","docAbstract":"<p><span>The physiological effects of catch-and-release fishing on largemouth bass </span><i>Micropterus salmoides</i><span> from Lake Powell and Mantua Reservoir, Utah, were evaluated, and an estimate of the time needed for recovery from hooking stress was obtained. Fatigue in Lake Powell fish, as indicated by elevated blood lactate, was directly proportional to hooking time (1–5 min) and water temperature, but recovery from the hyperlacticemia was relatively rapid (about 24 h). Hyperglycemia, an indicator of stress hormone production, did not occur in largemouth bass hooked and played for 1–5 min in the coldest water (11–13°C), was moderate in fish hooked and played at l6–20°C, and was severe in fish played for 5 min at 28–30°C. Fish held for recovery in live cages suffered further hyperglycemia, presumably because of the stress of confinement. Ionoregulation, as indicated by relatively stable plasma chloride values, was not immediately affected in largemouth bass caught at water temperatures of 11–13°C or 28–30°C, but an unusual hyperchloremia developed in fish hooked and played at 16–20°C. During recovery, the expected progressive hypochloremia developed. Plasma osmolality was somewhat affected by hooking at all water temperatures tested, but recovery was almost complete within about 8 h. Mantua Reservoir fish were hooked and played only at water temperatures of 23–26°C. The hyperlacticemia and hyperglycemia that occurred were generally more severe than in the Lake Powell fish hooked and played at either 16–20°C or 28–30°C. However, effects on plasma chloride and osmolality were similar to those occurring in Lake Powell fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0629:PROLBT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gustaveson, A.W., Wydoski, R.S., and Wedemeyer, G.A., 1991, Physiological response of largemouth bass to angling stress: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 120, no. 5, p. 629-636, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0629:PROLBT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"629","endPage":"636","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58945336e4b0fa1e59b8680f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustaveson, A. Wayne","contributorId":179022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gustaveson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wydoski, Richard S.","contributorId":81856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wydoski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary A.","contributorId":30668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015104,"text":"70015104 - 1991 - Aquatic fulvic acids in microbially based ecosystems: results from two desert lakes in Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T14:12:27","indexId":"70015104","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic fulvic acids in microbially based ecosystems: results from two desert lakes in Antarctica","docAbstract":"These lakes receive very limited input of organic material from the surrounding barren desert, but they sustain algal and bacterial populations under permanent ice cover. One lake has an extensive anoxic zone and high salinities; the other is oxic and has low salinities. Despite these differences, fulvic acids from both lakes had similar elemental compositions, carbon distributions, and amino acid contents, indicating that the chemistry of microbially derived fulvic acvids is not strongly influenced by chemical conditions in the water column. Compared to fulvic acids from other natural waters, these fulvic acids have low C:N atomic ratios (19-25) and low contents of aromatic carbons (5-7% of total carbon atoms); they are most similar to marine fulvic acids. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Aiken, G., and Smith, R.L., 1991, Aquatic fulvic acids in microbially based ecosystems: results from two desert lakes in Antarctica: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 998-1006.","startPage":"998","endPage":"1006","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267942,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_36/issue_5/0998.pdf"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed0de4b0c8380cd495c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28400,"text":"wri914074 - 1991 - Streamflow and sediment transport characteristics of the lower Campbell Creek basin, Anchorage, Alaska, 1986-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T21:33:00.65031","indexId":"wri914074","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4074","title":"Streamflow and sediment transport characteristics of the lower Campbell Creek basin, Anchorage, Alaska, 1986-88","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914074","usgsCitation":"Lipscomb, S.W., 1991, Streamflow and sediment transport characteristics of the lower Campbell Creek basin, Anchorage, Alaska, 1986-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4074, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914074.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415195,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47495.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"lower Campbell Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150,\n              61.1833\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              61.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.7153,\n              61.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.7153,\n              61.1833\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              61.1833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipscomb, S. W.","contributorId":65083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipscomb","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015076,"text":"70015076 - 1991 - Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70015076","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1022,"text":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey collects and disseminates, in written and digital formats, groundwater and surface-water information related to the tidal and nontidal wetlands of the United States. This information includes quantity, quality, and availability of groundwater and surface water; groundwater and surface-water interactions (recharge-discharge); groundwater flow; and the basic surface-water characteristics of streams, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Water resources information in digital format can be used in geographic information systems (GISs) for many purposes related to wetlands. US Geological Survey wetland-related activities include collection of information important for assessing and mitigating coastal wetland loss and modification, hydrologic data collection and interpretation, GIS activities, identification of national trends in water quality and quantity, and process-oriented wetland research. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., 1991, Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation: Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service, v. 90, no. 18, p. 79-85.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a393be4b0c8380cd61856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014644,"text":"1014644 - 1991 - Influence of feeding rate on performance of Atlantic salmon fry in an ozonated water reuse system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:14:08.311286","indexId":"1014644","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of feeding rate on performance of Atlantic salmon fry in an ozonated water reuse system","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 4‐week trial was conducted to determine the optimal feeding level in percent body weight of a commercially prepared, practical diet for early feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>) in an ozonated water reuse system at 17–18°C. Triplicate groups of swimup (0.19‐g) fry were fed one of seven levels of Biodiet starter diet calculated for hatchery constants of 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5. Feeding levels (percent body weight) were derived at the start of the study and again at 2 weeks by dividing mean body length, in inches, into the respective hatchery constant. Mean body weight and body fat content increased significantly with each increment in level of feeding through a hatchery constant of 6.5. after which there was no further increase. Body protein decreased as feeding increased through hatchery constant 6.5; ash content decreased through hatchery constant 5.5. Results indicated that young Atlantic salmon fed at low feeding rates (2.47–5.44% body weight) in the water reuse system were underfed, but fish fed at 5.46–8.41% body weight grew at a favorable rate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0111:IOFROP%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., and Williams, R., 1991, Influence of feeding rate on performance of Atlantic salmon fry in an ozonated water reuse system: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 53, no. 2, p. 111-113, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0111:IOFROP%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee6f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.C.","contributorId":103621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016624,"text":"70016624 - 1991 - Effects of uranium mining, Puerco River, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70016624","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of uranium mining, Puerco River, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Effluent from uranium-mine dewatering and acidic water released by a tailings-pond dike failure increased radionuclide activities in streamflow in the Puerco River in New Mexico and Arizona. Median dissolved gross-alpha activity in the streamflow was 1,130 picocuries per liter from 1975 to 1986 when mine discharges ceased and 6.2 picocuries per liter from 1986 to 1989. From 1975 to July 1979, major ions in streamflow at the Puerco River at Gallup streamflow-gaging station were sodium, bicarbonate, and sulfate. On July 16, 1979, the day of the tailing spill, major ions in streamflow were magnesium, calcium, and sulfate. From 1979 to 1984, major ions in streamflow had a greater proportion of calcium and sulfate than prior to the spill, indicating flushing of residual tailings solution. Geochemical modeling of mine effluent indicates that uranium was unlikely to precipitate from effluent between the mines and Gallup or when mixed with wastewater downstream from Gallup. Geochemical modeling of acidic-tailings solution indicates that uranium was in solution as far downstream as Gallup. When the acidic-tailings solution mixed with 10- to 40-percent wastewater, uranium may have precipitated from solution as carnotite [K2(UO2)2(VO4)2] and tyuyamunite [Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2].","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., 1991, Effects of uranium mining, Puerco River, New Mexico, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 508-515.","startPage":"508","endPage":"515","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a081ee4b0c8380cd519ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":374068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70178593,"text":"70178593 - 1991 - Brood stock segregation of spring chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> by use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) affects the prevalence and levels of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> infection in progeny ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T12:52:59","indexId":"70178593","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brood stock segregation of spring chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> by use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) affects the prevalence and levels of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> infection in progeny ","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study of the effect of maternal Renibacterium salmoninarum infection levels on the prevalence and levels of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in progeny fish was conducted at a production salmon hatchery. A total of 302 mating pairs of spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was screened in August 1988 for R. salmoninarum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On the basis of ELISA testing of kidney tissues from all fish and the testing of ovarian fluid samples from a subsample of the females by a direct membrane filtration fluorescent antibody technique (MF-FAT), selected egg lots were segregated into 2 groups of 30 egg lots or about 135 000 eggs each. One group contained egg lots from male and female parents that had low R. salmoninarum infection levels or tested negative for R. salmoninarum (low-BKD group), and the other group contained egg lots from female parents with relatively high R. salmoninarum infection levels and male parents with various infection levels (high-BKD group). The progeny groups were maintained in separate rearing units supplied with untreated river water, and were monitored for R. salmoninarum by the ELISA until they were released from the hatchery in April 1990. Total mortality of the juvenile fish was higher (p = 0.0001) in the high-BKD group (20%) than in the low-BKD group (10 %). Mortality in the high-BKD group was highest after the fish were moved from nursery tanks to raceways, and clinical BKD became evident in this group. During the 11 mo of raceway rearing, mortality in the high-BKD group was 17 % compared with 5 % for the low-BKD group. An ELISA analysis of smolts just before release showed an R. salmoninarum infection rate of 85 % in the high-BKD group and 62 % in the low-BKD group. Of the positive fish, 98 % in the low-BKD group and 55 % in the high-BKD group had low infection levels, whereas 36 % in the high-BKD group and only 1 % in the low-BKD group had high infection levels. The results of this research suggest that segregation of brood stock by the ELISA and the MF-FAT can be used to reduce the prevalence and levels of BKD in hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon, even in locations with open water supplies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao012025","usgsCitation":"Pascho, R.J., Elliott, D.G., and Streufert, J.M., 1991, Brood stock segregation of spring chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> by use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) affects the prevalence and levels of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> infection in progeny : Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 12, p. 25-40, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao012025.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao012025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583ff365e4b04fc80e437285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascho, Ronald J.","contributorId":177070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pascho","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Streufert, Jonathan M.","contributorId":177071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streufert","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016584,"text":"70016584 - 1991 - Geophysical borehole logging in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016584","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical borehole logging in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Borehole geophysical logging for site characterization in the volcanic rocks at the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, requires data collection under rather unusual conditions. Logging tools must operate in rugose, dry holes above the water table in the unsaturated zone. Not all logging tools will operate in this environment, therefore; careful consideration must be given to selection and calibration. A sample suite of logs is presented that demonstrates correlation of geological formations from borehole to borehole, the definition of zones of altered mineralogy, and the quantitative estimates of rock properties. We show the results of an exploratory calculation of porosity and water saturation based upon density and epithermal neutron logs. Comparison of the results with a few core samples is encouraging, particularly because the logs can provide continuous data in boreholes where core samples are not available.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628310","usgsCitation":"Schimschal, U., and Nelson, P.H., 1991, Geophysical borehole logging in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991, p. 795-801.","startPage":"795","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2810e4b0c8380cd59dcc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536333,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schimschal, Ulrich","contributorId":92258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimschal","given":"Ulrich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016617,"text":"70016617 - 1991 - Application of ground-penetrating-radar methods in hydrogeologic studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T06:53:06","indexId":"70016617","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of ground-penetrating-radar methods in hydrogeologic studies","docAbstract":"A ground-penetrating-radar system was used to study selected stratified-drift deposits in Connecticut. Ground-penetrating radar is a surface-geophysical method that depends on the emission, transmission, reflection, and reception of an electromagnetic pulse and can produce continuous high-resolution profiles of the subsurface rapidly and efficiently. Traverse locations on land included a well field in the town of Mansfield, a sand and gravel pit and a farm overlying a potential aquifer in the town of Coventry, and Haddam Meadows State Park in the town of Haddam. Traverse locations on water included the Willimantic River in Coventry and Mansfield Hollow Lake in Mansfield. The penetration depth of the radar signal ranged from about 20 feet in fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments to about 70 feet in coarse sand and gravel. Some land records in coarse-grained sediments show a distinct, continuous reflection from the water table about 5 to 11 feet below land surface. Parallel reflectors on the records are interpreted as fine-grained sediments. Hummocky or chaotic reflectors are interpreted as cross-bedded or coarse-grained sediments. Other features observed on some of the radar records include the till and bedrock surface. Records collected on water had distinct water-bottom multiples (more than one reflection) and diffraction patterns from boulders. The interpretation of the radar records, which required little or no processing, was verified by using lithologic logs from test holes located along some of the land traverses and near the water traverses.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00528.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Beres, M., and Haeni, F., 1991, Application of ground-penetrating-radar methods in hydrogeologic studies: Ground Water, v. 29, no. 3, p. 375-386, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00528.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca2e4b0c8380cd493c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beres, Milan Jr.","contributorId":78095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beres","given":"Milan","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003502,"text":"1003502 - 1991 - Metal bioavailability and toxicity to fish in low-alkalinity lakes: A critical review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:34:10","indexId":"1003502","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal bioavailability and toxicity to fish in low-alkalinity lakes: A critical review","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fish in low-alkalinity lakes having pH of 6·0–6·5 or less often have higher body or tissue burdens of mercury, cadmium, and lead than do fish in nearby lakes with higher pH. The greater bioaccumulation of these metals in such waters seems to result partly from the greater aqueous abundances of biologically available forms (CH</span><sub>3</sub><span> Hg</span><sup>+</sup><span>, Cd</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, and Pb</span><sup>2+</sup><span>) at low pH. In addition, the low concentrations of aqueous calcium in low-alkalinity lakes increase the permeability of biological membranes to these metals, which in fish may cause greater uptake from both water and food. Fish exposed to aqueous inorganic aluminum in the laboratory and field accumulate the metal in and on the epithelial cells of the gills; however, there is little accumulation of aluminum in the blood or internal organs. In low-pH water, both sublethal and lethal toxicity of aluminum has been clearly demonstrated in both laboratory and field studies at environmental concentrations. In contrast, recently measured aqueous concentrations of total mercury, methylmercury, cadmium, and lead in low-alkalinity lakes are much lower than the aqueous concentrations known to cause acute or chronic toxicity in fish, although the vast majority of toxicological research has involved waters with much higher ionic strength than that in low-alkalinity lakes. Additional work with fish is needed to better assess (1) the toxicity of aqueous metals in low-alkalinity waters, and (2) the toxicological significance of dietary methylmercury and cadmium.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Toronto, Canada","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(91)90034-T","usgsCitation":"Spry, D., and Wiener, J.G., 1991, Metal bioavailability and toxicity to fish in low-alkalinity lakes: A critical review: Environmental Pollution, v. 71, no. 2-4, p. 243-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(91)90034-T.","productDescription":"62 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spry, D.J.","contributorId":40699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spry","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiener, James G.","contributorId":93853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiener","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17913,"text":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1012926,"text":"1012926 - 1991 - Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:08:23.29202","indexId":"1012926","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory simulation of water temperature regimes that occur in subarctic rivers through winter necessitates the ability to maintain near‐freezing conditions. A heat‐exchanging apparatus is described that provided a convenient means of simulating the range of temperatures (0.5–12°C) that incubating eggs of salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus</i><span>&nbsp;spp.) typically experience in south‐central Alaskan watersheds. The system was reliable, easily maintained precise temperatures at our coldest test levels, and was used over several years with few mechanical complications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0251:AFPRAC%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wangaard, D., McDonell, J., Burger, C.V., and Wilmot, R., 1991, Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 53, no. 4, p. 251-255, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0251:AFPRAC%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129453,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangaard, D.B.","contributorId":152258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wangaard","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonell, John P.","contributorId":358544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonell","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, Carl V.","contributorId":152419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilmot, R.L.","contributorId":97662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014945,"text":"70014945 - 1991 - Role of sediment-trace element chemistry in water-quality monitoring and the need for standard analytical methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70014945","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Role of sediment-trace element chemistry in water-quality monitoring and the need for standard analytical methods","docAbstract":"Multiple linear regression models calculated from readily obtainable chemical and physical parameters can explain a high percentage (70% or greater) of observed sediment trace-element variance for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, As, Sb, Se, and Hg. Almost all the factors used in the various models fall into the category of operational definitions (e.g., grain size, surface area, and geochemical substrates such as amorphous iron and manganese oxides). Thus, the concentrations and distributions used in the various models are operationally defined, and are subject to substantial change depending on the method used to determine them. Without standardized procedures, data from different sources are not comparable, and the utility and applicability of the various models would be questionable.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Monitoring Water in the 1990's: Meeting New Challenges","conferenceDate":"11 June 1990 through 14 June 1990","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"00660558","isbn":"0803114079","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., 1991, Role of sediment-trace element chemistry in water-quality monitoring and the need for standard analytical methods, <i>in</i> ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1102, Denver, CO, USA, 11 June 1990 through 14 June 1990, p. 301-314.","startPage":"301","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae6ae4b0c8380cd870c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016612,"text":"70016612 - 1991 - Distribution of rubidium, strontium, and zirconium in tuff from two deep coreholes at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70016612","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Distribution of rubidium, strontium, and zirconium in tuff from two deep coreholes at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Variations in concentrations of trace elements Rb, Sr, and Zr within the sequence of high-silica tuff and dacitic lava beneath Yucca Mountain reflect both primary composition and secondary alteration. Rb and K concentrations have parallel trends. Rb concentrations are significantly lower within intervals containing zeolitic nonwelded to partially welded and bedded tuffs and are higher in thick moderately to densely welded zones. Sr concentrations increase with depth from about 30 ppm in the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff to almost 300 ppm in the older tuffs. Zr concentrations are about 100 ppm in the Topopah Spring Member and also increase with depth to about 150 ppm in the Lithic Ridge Tuff and upper part of the older tuffs. Conspicuous local high concentrations of Sr in the lower part of the Tram Member, in the dacite lava, and in unit c of the older tuffs in USW G-1, and in the densely welded zone of the Bullfrog Member in USW GU-3/G-3 closely correlate with high concentrations of less-mobile Zr and may reflect either primary composition or elemental redistribution resulting largely from smectitic alteration. Initial 87Sr/86Sr values from composite samples increase upward in units above the Bullfrog Member of the Crater Flat Tuff. The progressive tenfold increase in Sr with depth coupled with the similarity of initial 87Sr/86Sr values within the Bullfrog Member and older units to those of Paleozoic marine carbonates are consistent with a massive influx of Sr from water derived from a Paleozoic carbonate aquifer.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628310","usgsCitation":"Spengler, R., and Peterman, Z., 1991, Distribution of rubidium, strontium, and zirconium in tuff from two deep coreholes at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991, p. 1416-1422.","startPage":"1416","endPage":"1422","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02f7e4b0c8380cd5029f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536336,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Spengler, Richard W.","contributorId":91498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014762,"text":"1014762 - 1991 - Resistance of underyearling and yearling Atlantic salmon and lake trout to supersaturation with air","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-23T00:06:59.532888","indexId":"1014762","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resistance of underyearling and yearling Atlantic salmon and lake trout to supersaturation with air","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Juvenile Atlantic salmon<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and lake trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of different sizes were exposed for 96 h to water supersaturated with air. Underyearlings (Atlantic salmon shorter than 66 ± 8 mm [mean total length ± SD] and lake trout shorter than 96 mm) were resistant to high dissolved-gas pressures. The level of supersaturation causing 50% mortality was lower for yearling Atlantic salmon (148 ± 17 mm long) than for underyearling Atlantic salmon, and sensitivity to supersaturation was greater in lake trout 96 ± 1 to 153 ± 17 mm long than in those 23 ± 1 to 46 ± 4 mm long. Incidence of cutaneous emphysema and other signs of gas bubble disease increased as supersaturation increased. The number of bubbles and number of sites with bubbles were higher in the older fish. Among fish 150 ± 17 mm long, Atlantic salmon seemed to be less resistant to gas supersaturation than did lake trout.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1991)003<0248:ROUAYA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., and Herman, R.L., 1991, Resistance of underyearling and yearling Atlantic salmon and lake trout to supersaturation with air: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 3, no. 4, p. 248-253, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1991)003<0248:ROUAYA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131383,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629e93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016598,"text":"70016598 - 1991 - Is April to July runoff really decreasing in the Western United States?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016598","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Is April to July runoff really decreasing in the Western United States?","docAbstract":"Global warming has been the topic of a great deal of heated discussion and debate in recent years, both in the lay press and in scientific journals. The debate is about whether we are beginning to detect signs of a buildup of greenhouse gases on a global scale. A major part of the debate concerns the possible effects on climate and on the future availability of water resources. The ongoing drought in California has added impetus to the debate, serving notice of the serious consequences of any prolonged decrease in the availability of adequate water supplies. This paper has three primary objectives: (1) To evaluate the ramifications of using fractional runoff rather than total runoff to define trends in runoff; (2) to analyze additional streamflow data for the presence and extent of trends in annual and seasonal runoff volume for the conterminous Western United States; and (3) to examine the influence of the current California drought on indicators of trend.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"12 April 1991 through 15 April 1991","conferenceLocation":"Juneau, AL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Colorado State Univ","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO, United States","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Wahl, K.L., 1991, Is April to July runoff really decreasing in the Western United States?, <i>in</i> Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Juneau, AL, USA, 12 April 1991 through 15 April 1991, p. 67-78.","startPage":"67","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f20e4b0c8380cd642a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001406,"text":"1001406 - 1991 - Brood parasitism among waterfowl nesting on islands and peninsulas in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T13:43:07.114922","indexId":"1001406","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brood parasitism among waterfowl nesting on islands and peninsulas in North Dakota","docAbstract":"During 1985 and 1986 I studied interspecific brood parasitism among seven species of waterfowl nesting on 36 islands and 24 peninsulas in central North Dakota. On islands, 40% of 178 nests were parasitized with an average of 4.3 parasitic eggs, and on peninsulas 2% of 275 nests were parasitized with an average of 2.2 parasitic eggs. Redheads (Aythya americana) were the primary parasite, adding eggs to 92% of all parasitized nests. Species nesting in open cover were parasitized at a higher rate than species nesting in dense cover. Nests with parasitic eggs had fewer host eggs and there was a negative association between the number of parasitic eggs and the success of host eggs. Parasitized nests had lower success, but additional parasitic eggs had no added influence on nest success. Interspecific brood parasitism had significant negative effects on dabbling ducks on islands but Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) were little affected. Even so, the number of young hatched per nest was much higher on islands because of the high loss of eggs to predators on the mainland. Parasitic eggs were deposited during the middle of the nesting season, but the peak of parasitic laying occurred before the peak of normal nesting.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368949","usgsCitation":"Lokemoen, J.T., 1991, Brood parasitism among waterfowl nesting on islands and peninsulas in North Dakota: Condor, v. 93, p. 340-345, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368949.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503053,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol93/iss2/12","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lokemoen, J. T.","contributorId":79049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1017403,"text":"1017403 - 1991 - White-fronts...on the way back!","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T15:17:37","indexId":"1017403","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1157,"text":"California Waterfowl","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"White-fronts...on the way back!","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Waterfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mensik, G., and Takekawa, J.Y., 1991, White-fronts...on the way back!: California Waterfowl, v. 17, no. 2, p. 36-38.","productDescription":"p. 36-38","startPage":"36","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0c76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mensik, G.R.","contributorId":10389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensik","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016796,"text":"70016796 - 1991 - Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016796","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Oklahoma Geological Survey has developed several maps and reports for preliminary screening of the state of Oklahoma to identify areas that are generally acceptable or unacceptable for disposal of a wide variety of waste materials. These maps and reports focus on the geologic and hydrogeologic parameters that must be evaluated in the screening process. One map (and report) shows the outcrop distribution of 35 thick shale or clay units that are generally suitable for use as host rocks for surface disposal of wastes. A second map shows the distribution of unconsolidated alluvial and terrace-deposit aquifers, and a third map shows the distribution and hydrologic character of bedrock aquifers and their recharge areas. These latter two maps show the areas in the state where special attention must be exercised in permitting storage or disposal of waste materials that could degrade the quality of groundwater. State regulatory agencies and industry are using these maps and reports in preliminary screening of the state to identify potential disposal sites. These maps in no way replace the need for site-specific investigations to prove (or disprove) the adequacy of a site to safely contain waste materials. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01716069","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., 1991, Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 17, no. 1, p. 3-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716069.","startPage":"3","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205495,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716069"},{"id":224510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a528e4b0e8fec6cdbd4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016735,"text":"70016735 - 1991 - Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016735","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"In part of a large abandoned mining complex, electromagnetic geophysical surveys were used along with data derived from cores and monitoring wells to infer sources of contamination and subsurface hydrologic connections between acidic refuse deposits and adjacent undisturbed geologic materials. Electrical resistivity increases sharply along the boundary of an elevated deposit of pyritic coarse refuse, which is highly contaminated and electrically conductive, indicating poor subsurface hydrologic connections with surrounding deposits of fine refuse and undisturbed glacial material. Groundwater chemistry, as reflected in values of specific conductance, also differs markedly across the deposit's boundary, indicating that a widespread contaminant plume has not developed around the coarse refuse in more than 40 yr since the deposit was created. Most acidic drainage from the coarse refuse is by surface runoff and is concentrated around stream channels. Although most of the contaminated groundwater within the study area is concentrated within the surficial refuse deposits, transects of apparent resistivity and phase angle indicate the existence of an anomalous conductive layer at depth (>4 m) in thick alluvial sediments along the northern boundary of the mining complex. Based on knowledge of local geology, the anomaly is interpreted to represent a subsurface connection between the alluvium and a flooded abandoned underground mine. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01704576","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Brooks, G., Olyphant, G., and Harper, D., 1991, Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 18, no. 1, p. 39-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01704576.","startPage":"39","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704576"},{"id":224457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9de4b0c8380cd493a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, G.A.","contributorId":23566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olyphant, G.A.","contributorId":51023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olyphant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, D.","contributorId":28752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016818,"text":"70016818 - 1991 - An analytical model for in situ extraction of organic vapors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016818","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analytical model for in situ extraction of organic vapors","docAbstract":"This paper introduces a simple convective-flow model that can be used as a screening tool and for conducting sensitivity analyses for in situ vapor extraction of organic compounds from porous media. An assumption basic to this model was that the total mass of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) exists in three forms: as vapors, in the soil solution, and adsorbed to soil particles. The equilibrium partitioning between the vapor-liquid phase was described by Henry's law constants (K(H)) and between the liquid-soil phase by soil adsorption constants (K(d)) derived from soil organic carbon-water partition coefficients (K(oc)). The model was used to assess the extractability of 36 VOCs from a hypothetical site. Most of the VOCs appeared to be removable from soil by this technology, although modeling results suggested that rates for the alcohols and ketones may be very slow. In general, rates for weakly adsorbed compounds (K(oc) < 100 mL/g) were significantly higher when K(H) was greater than 10-4 atm??m3??mol-1. When K(oc) was greater than about 100 mL/g, the rates of extraction were sensitive to the amount of organic carbon present in the soil. The air permeability of the soil material (k) was a critical factor. In situ extraction needs careful evaluation when k is less than 10 millidarcies to determine its applicability. An increase in the vacuum applied to an extraction well accelerated removal rates but the diameter of the well had little effect. However, an increase in the length of the well screen open to the contaminated zone significantly affected removal rates, especially in low-permeability materials.This paper introduces a simple convective-flow model that can be used as a screening tool and for conducting sensitivity analyses for in situ vapor extraction of organic compounds from porous media. An assumption basic to this model was that the total mass of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) exists in three forms: as vapors, in the soil solution, and adsorbed to soil particles. The equilibrium partitioning between the vapor-liquid phase was described by Henry's law constants (KH) and between the liquid-soil phase by soil adsorption constants (Kd) derived from soil organic carbon-water partition coefficients (Koc). The model was used to assess the extractability of 36 VOCs from a hypothetical site. Most of the VOCs appeared to be removable from soil by this technology, although modeling results suggested that rates for the alcohols and ketones may be very slow. In general, rates for weakly adsorbed compounds (Koc < 100 mL/g) were significantly higher when KH was greater than 10-4atm-m3-mol-1. When Koc was greater than about 100 mL/g, the rates of extraction were sensitive to the amount of organic carbon present in the soil. The air permeability of the soil material (k) was a critical factor. In situ extraction needs careful evaluation when k is less than 10 millidarcies to determine its applicability. An increase in the vacuum applied to an extraction well accelerated removal rates but the diameter of the well had little effect. However, an increase in the length of the well screen open to the contaminated zone significantly affected removal rates, especially in low-permeability materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0304-3894(91)85026-J","issn":"03043894","usgsCitation":"Roy, W.R., and Griffin, R.A., 1991, An analytical model for in situ extraction of organic vapors: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 26, no. 3, p. 301-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(91)85026-J.","startPage":"301","endPage":"317","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(91)85026-J"},{"id":224805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f8e4b0c8380cd48573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, R. A.","contributorId":46211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016723,"text":"70016723 - 1991 - Weathering and its effect upon geochemical dispersion at the polymetallic Wagga Tank deposit, N.S.W., Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T23:39:13.022329","indexId":"70016723","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weathering and its effect upon geochemical dispersion at the polymetallic Wagga Tank deposit, N.S.W., Australia","docAbstract":"<p>The Wagga Tank Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au deposit comprises multiple, steeply dipping and structurally controlled sulfide lodes within Early Devonian turbidites and volcaniclastics. Complete weathering at the prospect extends to 100 m below the current land surface. Detailed geochemical studies of drill-derived regolith material were supplemented by extensive mineralogical investigations and enable the major features of the weathered profile to be delineated.</p><p>The profile consists of soil with reworked portions of a ferruginous lateritic capping within a largely transported overburden. Below the soil, some residual ferruginous capping (characterized by maghemite) occurs above a kaolinite-rich zone which passes into goethitic saprolite containing alunitejarosite family minerals. This lateritic profile was developed during the Tertiary period prior to the Late Miocene onset of more arid conditions. Within the goethitic saprolite, Pb and some Au have remained in their Miocene positions. However, the distributions of Cu and Zn largely reflect the effect of post-Miocene aridity. Thus, these elements (and some Au) are concentrated as supergene minerals at the current water table, with isolated zones higher in the weathered profile reflecting former levels of the water table.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(91)90050-5","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Scott, K.M., Rabone, G., and Chaffee, M., 1991, Weathering and its effect upon geochemical dispersion at the polymetallic Wagga Tank deposit, N.S.W., Australia: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 40, no. 1-3, p. 413-426, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90050-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfb7e4b08c986b32ea6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, K. M.","contributorId":8119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabone, G.","contributorId":105862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabone","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016817,"text":"70016817 - 1991 - Martian paleolakes and waterways: Exobiological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016817","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2960,"text":"Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Martian paleolakes and waterways: Exobiological implications","docAbstract":"The problems of how warm and wet Mars once was and when climate transitions may have occurred are not well understood. Mars may have had an early environment similar to Earth's that was conductive to the ermergence of life. In addition, increasing geologic evidence indicates that water, upon which terrestrial life depends, has been present on Mars throughout its history. This evidence suggests that life could have developed not only on early Mars but also over longer periods of time in longer lasting, more clement local environments. Indications of past or present life most likely would be found in areas where liquid water existed in sufficient quantities to provide for the needs of biological systems. We suggest that paleolakes may have provided such environments. Unlike the case on Earth, this record of the origin and evolution of life has probably not been erased by extensive deformation of the Martian surface. Our work has identified eleven prospective areas where large lacustrine basins may once have existed. These areas are important for future biological, geological, and climatological investigations. ?? 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01809447","issn":"01696149","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.H., Rice, J.W., and Dohm, J.M., 1991, Martian paleolakes and waterways: Exobiological implications: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere, v. 21, no. 3, p. 189-198, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01809447.","startPage":"189","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01809447"},{"id":224804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5233e4b0c8380cd6c231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, D. H.","contributorId":73565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, J. W. Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016782,"text":"70016782 - 1991 - Relationship between weathered coal deposits and the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016782","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Relationship between weathered coal deposits and the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy","docAbstract":"Field studies in epidemiology and environmental geochemistry in areas in Yugoslavia containing villages with a high incidence of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), indicate a possible relationship between the presence of low-rank coal deposits and the etiology of BEN. Preliminary results from qualitative chemical analyses of drinking water from shallow farm wells indicate the presence of soluble polar aromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. These compounds may be derived from weathering of low-rank coals occurring in the vicinity of the endemic villages. All of the endemic villages are in alluvial valleys of tributaries to the Danube River. All except one of the clusters of endemic villages are located in the vicinity of known Pliocene age coals. Detailed sampling of the drinking waters and the nearby coals are being undertaken to identify a possible etiologic factor.","largerWorkTitle":"Kidney International","language":"English","issn":"00852538","usgsCitation":"Feder, G.L., Radovanovic, Z., and Finkelman, R.B., 1991, Relationship between weathered coal deposits and the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy, <i>in</i> Kidney International, v. 40, no. SUPPL. 34.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"SUPPL. 34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a766e4b0e8fec6cdc441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feder, G. L.","contributorId":79508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radovanovic, Z.","contributorId":20913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radovanovic","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016795,"text":"70016795 - 1991 - A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016795","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States","docAbstract":"Beginning in 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey began an effort to develop a National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The basic premise underlying this initiative is that a better understanding of the quality of water resources across the country, both surface- and groundwater, is needed to develop effective programs and policies to meet the nation's water-quality concerns. The program will focus on water-quality conditions that are prevalent or large in scale, such as occur from nonpoint sources of pollution or from a high density of point sources. The design of the program is substantially different from the traditional approach of a diffuse national monitoring network. The major activities of the assessment program will be clustered within a set of hydrologic systems (river basins and aquifer systems), referred to as study units. In aggregate, the study units will account for a large part of the nation's water use and represent a wide range of settings across the country. Unique attributes of the program include: (1) the use of consistent study approaches, field and laboratory methods, water-quality measurements, and ancillary data measurements for all study units; (2) the development of a progressive understanding of water-quality conditions and trends in each study unit through long-term studies that rotate periods of intensive data collection and analysis with periods during which the assessment activities are less intensive; and (3) the focus of considerable effort on synthesizing results from among the study units to provide information on regional and national water-quality issues. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01716071","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., and Cohen, P., 1991, A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 17, no. 1, p. 17-22, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716071.","startPage":"17","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716071"},{"id":224509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57ae4b0c8380cd46d66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, P.","contributorId":55969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}