Cinnabar- and stibnite-bearing epithermal vein deposits are found throughout the Kuskokwim River region of southwestern Alaska. A geochemical orientation survey was carried out around several of these epithermal lodes to obtain information for planning regional geochemical surveys and to develop procedures which maximize the anomaly: threshold contrast of the deposits. Stream sediment, heavy-mineral concentrate, stream water, and vegetation samples were collected in drainages surrounding the Red Devil, Cinnabar Creek, White Mountain, Rhyolite, and Mountain Top deposits. Three sediment size fractions; nonmagnetic, paramagnetic and magnetic splits of the concentrate samples; stream waters; and the vegetation samples were analyzed for multi-element suites by a number of different chemical procedures. Nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral concentrates were also examined microscopically to identify their mineralogy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(91)90009-J","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Goldfarb, R., Detra, D., and Slaughter, K.E., 1991, Geochemistry and exploration criteria for epithermal cinnabar and stibnite vein deposits in the Kuskokwim River region, southwestern Alaska: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 41, no. 3, p. 363-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90009-J.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16d1e4b0c8380cd5528b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slaughter, K. E.","contributorId":100865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaughter","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7000103,"text":"7000103 - 1991 - U.S. Geological Survey: earth science in the public service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T09:26:35","indexId":"7000103","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey: earth science in the public service","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000103","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, U.S. Geological Survey: earth science in the public service: General Interest Publication, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000103.","productDescription":"28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":131743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/7000103/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":276305,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/7000103/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613a38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016439,"text":"70016439 - 1991 - Inorganic ground-water chemistry at an experimental New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) in situ gasification site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T13:26:13.663062","indexId":"70016439","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inorganic ground-water chemistry at an experimental New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) in situ gasification site","docAbstract":"Experimental in situ gasification of New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) has been conducted in Clark County. Analyses of ground water sampled from a production well and nine nearby monitoring wells 3 months after a brief in situ gasification period revealed changes in water chemistry associated with the gasification procedure. Dissolved iron, calcium and sulphate in ground water from the production well and wells as much as 2 m away were significantly higher than in ground water from wells over 9 m away. Dissolved components in the more distant wells are in the range of those in regional ground water. Thermal decomposition of pyrite during the gasification process generated the elevated levels of iron and sulphate in solution. High concentrations of calcium indicate buffering by dissolution of carbonate minerals. While iron quickly precipitates, calcium and sulphate remain in the ground water. Trends in the concentration of sulphate show that altered ground water migrated mostly in a south-westerly direction from the production well along natural joints in the New Albany Shale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(91)90221-U","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Branam, T., Comer, J., Shaffer, N., Ennis, M., and Carpenter, S., 1991, Inorganic ground-water chemistry at an experimental New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) in situ gasification site: Fuel, v. 70, no. 11, p. 1317-1323, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(91)90221-U.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1317","endPage":"1323","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Clark County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":704,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clark\",\"state\":\"IN\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.4279,38.5861],[-85.4262,38.5834],[-85.4227,38.5775],[-85.4176,38.5689],[-85.4153,38.562],[-85.4149,38.5539],[-85.4151,38.5512],[-85.417,38.5413],[-85.4235,38.5313],[-85.4329,38.524],[-85.4392,38.5205],[-85.4418,38.5192],[-85.4436,38.5184],[-85.4503,38.5159],[-85.4663,38.5102],[-85.4679,38.5094],[-85.4689,38.5086],[-85.4741,38.5023],[-85.4759,38.4992],[-85.4889,38.4768],[-85.4895,38.4761],[-85.4909,38.4748],[-85.5,38.4674],[-85.5047,38.4645],[-85.5053,38.4643],[-85.5324,38.4568],[-85.5335,38.4566],[-85.5687,38.4538],[-85.5742,38.4527],[-85.5809,38.4514],[-85.582,38.4511],[-85.5981,38.4442],[-85.6098,38.4342],[-85.6193,38.4225],[-85.6327,38.3939],[-85.6365,38.3802],[-85.6367,38.3794],[-85.6371,38.3743],[-85.6385,38.354],[-85.6498,38.3307],[-85.6517,38.3277],[-85.6536,38.3252],[-85.6735,38.3036],[-85.6913,38.2907],[-85.692,38.2904],[-85.6979,38.2877],[-85.7067,38.2837],[-85.7259,38.275],[-85.7309,38.2729],[-85.7328,38.2721],[-85.7413,38.2693],[-85.7432,38.2689],[-85.7448,38.269],[-85.7561,38.2713],[-85.7637,38.2777],[-85.7677,38.2827],[-85.7735,38.2864],[-85.7776,38.2877],[-85.7829,38.2887],[-85.7888,38.2882],[-85.7923,38.2874],[-85.7905,38.2919],[-85.7916,38.3005],[-85.7968,38.3069],[-85.788,38.3091],[-85.7932,38.3114],[-85.7938,38.3159],[-85.7832,38.3213],[-85.7949,38.3255],[-85.7971,38.3332],[-85.7942,38.3341],[-85.7848,38.3313],[-85.7831,38.3317],[-85.783,38.3349],[-85.7854,38.3358],[-85.7842,38.3385],[-85.7818,38.3394],[-85.7806,38.3426],[-85.7783,38.3426],[-85.77,38.3434],[-85.7688,38.3466],[-85.7612,38.3502],[-85.7815,38.3739],[-85.8082,38.4044],[-85.9949,38.403],[-85.9948,38.4184],[-85.9938,38.4887],[-85.9561,38.489],[-85.956,38.5026],[-85.8849,38.5032],[-85.8848,38.5186],[-85.8665,38.518],[-85.8669,38.547],[-85.8474,38.5474],[-85.8479,38.5632],[-85.8214,38.5631],[-85.8219,38.5758],[-85.8125,38.5757],[-85.8124,38.583],[-85.803,38.5829],[-85.8029,38.5906],[-85.7935,38.5901],[-85.7939,38.6046],[-85.5701,38.6063],[-85.4971,38.6071],[-85.4967,38.5926],[-85.479,38.5925],[-85.4785,38.5866],[-85.4279,38.5861]]]}}]}","volume":"70","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c0de4b0c8380cd62a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Branam, T.D.","contributorId":52332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branam","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comer, J.B.","contributorId":34185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comer","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, N.R.","contributorId":87683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ennis, M.V.","contributorId":100125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennis","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carpenter, S.H.","contributorId":75690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000615,"text":"1000615 - 1991 - Using larval fish abundance in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers to predict year-class strength of forage fish in Lakes Huron and Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:08:01","indexId":"1000615","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using larval fish abundance in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers to predict year-class strength of forage fish in Lakes Huron and Erie","docAbstract":"Larval fish samples were collected in plankton tow nets in spring and summer, 1977–1978 and 1983–1984, in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers which are part of the connecting waterway between Lakes Huron and Erie. Larvae abundance of the major forage fish in the rivers are compared with their year-class abundance, as measured by bottom trawl catches of later life stages in Lakes Huron and Erie. Abundance of rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, and alewife, Alosa pseudo-harengus, larvae in the St. Clair River in adjacent years of the 4-year study was correlated with the abundance of yearlings captured in bottom trawls in lower Lake Huron in the spring of the following years. Abundance of locally produced larval rainbow smelt, alewives, and gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, in the Detroit River in adjacent years was correlated with the abundance oj’ young-of -t he-year captured in bottom trawls in western Lake Erie the following fall. Sampling fish larvae in the main channels of the St. Clair and Detroit rivers thus provided a potential early index of forage fish abundance in the lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(91)71343-9","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, C.O., Nester, R.T., and Muth, K.M., 1991, Using larval fish abundance in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers to predict year-class strength of forage fish in Lakes Huron and Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 74-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(91)71343-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Charles O.","contributorId":95833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nester, Robert T.","contributorId":28196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nester","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muth, Kenneth M.","contributorId":44863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000589,"text":"1000589 - 1991 - Changes in the nearshore and offshore zooplankton communities in Lake Ontario: 1981-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1000589","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the nearshore and offshore zooplankton communities in Lake Ontario: 1981-88","docAbstract":"We examined trends and factors influencing changes in nearshore and offshore zooplankton abundance and composition in Lake Ontario between 1981 and 1988. In the nearshore (southshore and eastern basin), zooplankton abundance decreased and shifts occurred in the relative abundances of Bosmina longirostris and Daphnia retrocurva (eastern basin) and Daphnia retrocurva and Daphnia galeata mendotae (southshore). These changes could have resulted from increased vertebrate predation or reduced food resources which intensified the effects of predation. In the offshore, the first appearance (FA) of the larger, less common cladoceran species occurred earlier in the season as of 1985. FA was correlated with cumulative epilimnetic temperature (CET) and the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) a?Y165 mm caught in U.S. waters in the spring. In 1987, when CET was high and CPUE of alewife a?Y165 mm was low, large populations of these cladocerans developed in June and July. Bythotrephes cederstroemi, a recent invader in the Great Lakes, was abundant only in 1987 when the CPUE of alewife was lowest. Changes in zooplankton abundance, development, and composition along the nearshore-offshore gradient reflected effects of temperature, habitat, and planktivory on the community.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Johannsson, O.E., Mills, E.L., and O’Gorman, R., 1991, Changes in the nearshore and offshore zooplankton communities in Lake Ontario: 1981-88: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 48, no. 8, p. 1546-1557.","productDescription":"p. 1546-1557","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1557","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e69bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johannsson, Ora E.","contributorId":25527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannsson","given":"Ora","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, Edward L.","contributorId":61387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":308847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016435,"text":"70016435 - 1991 - Origin of xenoliths in the trachyte at Puu Waawaa, Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-26T20:52:22.017441","indexId":"70016435","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of xenoliths in the trachyte at Puu Waawaa, Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Rare dunite and 2-pyroxene gabbro xenoliths occur in banded trachyte at Puu Waawaa on Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii. Mineral compositions suggest that these xenoliths formed as cumulates of tholeiitic basalt at shallow depth in a subcaldera magma reservoir. Subsequently, the minerals in the xenoliths underwent subsolidus reequilibration that particularly affected chromite compositions by decreasing their Mg numbers. In addition, olivine lost CaO and plagioclase lost MgO and Fe2O3 during subsolidus reequilibration. The xenoliths also reacted with the host trachyte to form secondary mica, amphibole, and orthopyroxene, and to further modify the compositions of some olivine, clinopyroxene, and spinel grains. The reaction products indicate that the host trachyte melt was hydrous. Clinopyroxene in one dunite sample and olivine in most dunite samples have undergone partial melting, apparently in response to addition of water to the xenolith. These xenoliths do not contain CO2 fluid inclusions, so common in xenoliths from other localities on Hualalai, which suggests that CO2 was introduced from alkalic basalt magma between the time CO2-inclusion-free xenoliths erupted at 106??6 ka and the time CO2-inclusion-rich xenoliths erupted within the last 15 ka.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00303448","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Clague, D.A., and Bohrson, W.A., 1991, Origin of xenoliths in the trachyte at Puu Waawaa, Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 108, no. 4, p. 439-452, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303448.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"452","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hualalai Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.258544921875,\n 19.528730138897643\n ],\n [\n -155.775146484375,\n 19.528730138897643\n ],\n [\n -155.775146484375,\n 20.076570104545173\n ],\n [\n -156.258544921875,\n 20.076570104545173\n ],\n [\n -156.258544921875,\n 19.528730138897643\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a710fe4b0c8380cd7641a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohrson, Wendy A.","contributorId":55024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrson","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000610,"text":"1000610 - 1991 - Roles of predation, food, and temperature in structuring the epilimnetic zooplankton populations in Lake Ontario, 1981-1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:22:32","indexId":"1000610","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roles of predation, food, and temperature in structuring the epilimnetic zooplankton populations in Lake Ontario, 1981-1986","docAbstract":"We sampled phytoplankton, zooplankton, and alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and measured water temperature in Lake Ontario during 1981–1986. Through the use of general linear regression models we then sought evidence of control of the eplimnetic zooplankton community (mid-July to mid-October) by producers, consumers, and temperature. Our measures of the zooplankton community were total biomass, cladoceran biomass, and the ratio of large to small Daphnia spp. (D. galeata mendotae andD. retrocurva). Zooplankton population variables assessed were abundance, egg ratio, and productivity. Through factor analysis, factors were created from the standardized, transformed independent variables for use in the regression analyses. Regression models showed significant inverse relationships (P < 0.05) between alewives and Bosmina longirostris (abundance, production, and egg ratio), Ceriodaphnia lacustris (egg ratio), andDaphnia retrocurva (egg ratio). Bosmina longirostris and D. retrocurva egg ratios were inversely related to algae biomass (<20 μm), thus the smaller algae might be controlled in part by the zooplankton community. Production of C. lacustris was directly related to temperature, as was the production and abundance of Tropocyclops prasinus. The annual size-frequency distributions of B. longirostris and D. retrocurva were inversely related to yearling alewife abundance and directly related to adult alewife abundance, which suggested that yearlings use a particulate-feeding mode on these zooplankton species more frequently than adults. We found no significant negative correlations among the zooplankton species, which suggested that interzooplankton predation and competition were not as important in structuring the community as were planktivory and temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0193:ROPFAT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johannsson, O.E., and O’Gorman, R., 1991, Roles of predation, food, and temperature in structuring the epilimnetic zooplankton populations in Lake Ontario, 1981-1986: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 120, no. 2, p. 193-208, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0193:ROPFAT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"208","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johannsson, Ora E.","contributorId":25527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannsson","given":"Ora","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":308907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016429,"text":"70016429 - 1991 - Backwater effects in the Amazon River basin of Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016429","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Backwater effects in the Amazon River basin of Brazil","docAbstract":"The Amazon River mainstem of Brazil is so regulated by differences in the timing of tributary inputs and by seasonal storage of water on floodplains that maximum discharges exceed minimum discharges by a factor of only 3. Large tributaries that drain the southern Amazon River basin reach their peak discharges two months earlier than does the mainstem. The resulting backwater in the lowermost 800 km of two large southern tributaries, the Madeira and Puru??s rivers, causes falling river stages to be as much as 2-3 m higher than rising stages at any given discharge. Large tributaries that drain the northernmost Amazon River basin reach their annual minimum discharges three to four months later than does the mainstem. In the lowermost 300-400 km of the Negro River, the largest northern tributary and the fifth largest river in the world, the lowest stages of the year correspond to those of the Amazon River mainstem rather than to those in the upstream reaches of the Negro River. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01704664","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Meade, R., Rayol, J., Da Conceicao, S., and Natividade, J., 1991, Backwater effects in the Amazon River basin of Brazil: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 18, no. 2, p. 105-114, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01704664.","startPage":"105","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205300,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704664"},{"id":222802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef98e4b0c8380cd4a336","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, R.H.","contributorId":27449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rayol, J.M.","contributorId":75688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rayol","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Da Conceicao, S.C.","contributorId":20904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Da Conceicao","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Natividade, J.R.G.","contributorId":6589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natividade","given":"J.R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015005,"text":"70015005 - 1991 - A Sr-isotopic comparison between thermal waters, rocks, and hydrothermal calcites, Long Valley caldera, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70015005","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Sr-isotopic comparison between thermal waters, rocks, and hydrothermal calcites, Long Valley caldera, California","docAbstract":"The 87Sr/86Sr values of thermal waters and hydrothermal calcites of the Long Valley caldera geothermal system are more radiogenic than those of young intracaldera volcanic rocks. Five thermal waters display 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7081-0.7078 but show systematically lighter values from west to east in the direction of lateral flow. We believe the decrease in ratio from west to east signifies increased interaction of deeply circulating thermal water with relatively fresh volcanic rocks filling the caldera depression. All types of pre-, syn-, and post-caldera volcanic rocks in the west and central caldera have (87Sr/86Sr)m between about 0.7060 and 0.7072 and values for Sierra Nevada granodiorites adjacent to the caldera are similar. Sierran pre-intrusive metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks can have considerably higher Sr-isotope ratios (0.7061-0.7246 and 0.7090-0.7250, respectively). Hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks inside the caldera have (87Sr/86Sr)m slightly heavier than their fresh volcanic equivalents and hydrothermal calcites (0.7068-0.7105) occupy a midrange of values between the volcanic/plutonic rocks and the Sierran metamorphic rocks. These data indicate that the Long Valley geothermal reservoir is first equilibrated in a basement complex that contains at least some metasedimentary rocks. Reequilibration of Sr-isotope ratios to lower values occurs in thermal waters as convecting geothermal fluids flow through the isotopically lighter volcanic rocks of the caldera fill. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Goff, F., Wollenberg, H., Brookins, D., and Kistler, R.W., 1991, A Sr-isotopic comparison between thermal waters, rocks, and hydrothermal calcites, Long Valley caldera, California: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 265-281.","startPage":"265","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e308e4b0c8380cd45db5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goff, F.","contributorId":53408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wollenberg, H.A.","contributorId":96681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wollenberg","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brookins, D.C.","contributorId":57727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookins","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016919,"text":"70016919 - 1991 - Fluid inclusions and preliminary studies of hydrothermal alteration in core hole PLTG-1, Platanares geothermal area, Honduras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T09:28:29","indexId":"70016919","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusions and preliminary studies of hydrothermal alteration in core hole PLTG-1, Platanares geothermal area, Honduras","docAbstract":"The Platanares geothermal area in western Honduras consists of more than 100 hot springs that issue from numerous hot-spring groups along the banks or within the streambed of the Quebrada de Agua Caliente (brook of hot water). Evaluation of this geothermal area included drilling a 650-m deep PLTG-1 drill hole which penetrated a surface mantling of stream terrace deposits, about 550 m of Tertiary andesitic lava flows, and Cretaceous to lower Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the lower 90 m of the drill core. Fractures and cavities in the drill core are partly to completely filled by hydrothermal minerals that include quartz, kaolinite, mixed-layer illite-smectite, barite, fluorite, chlorite, calcite, laumontite, biotite, hematite, marcasite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, stibnite, and sphalerite; the most common open-space fillings are calcite and quartz. Biotite from 138.9-m depth, dated at 37.41 Ma by replicate 40Ar/39 Ar analyses using a continuous laser system, is the earliest hydrothermal mineral deposited in the PLTG-1 drill core. This mid-Tertiary age indicates that at least some of the hydrothermal alteration encountered in the PLTG-1 drill core occurred in the distant past and is unrelated to the present geothermal system. Furthermore, homogenization temperatures (Th) and melting-point temperatures (Tm) for fluid inclusions in two of the later-formed hydrothermal minerals, calcite and barite, suggest that the temperatures and concentration of dissolved solids of the fluids present at the time these fluid inclusions formed were very different from the present temperatures and fluid chemistry measured in the drill hole. Liquid-rich secondary fluid inclusions in barite and caicite from drill hole PLTG-1 have Th values that range from about 20??C less than the present measured temperature curve at 590.1-m depth to as much as 90??C higher than the temperature curve at 46.75-m depth. Many of the barite Th measurements (ranging between 114?? and 265??C) plot above the reference surface boiling-point curve for pure water assuming hydrostatic conditions; however, the absence of evidence for boiling in the fluid inclusions indicates that at the time the minerals formed, the ground surface must have been at least 80 m higher than at present and underwent stream erosion to the current elevation. Near-surface mixed-layer illite-smectite is closely associated with barite and appears to have formed at about the same temperature range (about 120?? to 200??C) as the fluid-inclusion Th values for barite. Fluid-inclusion Th values for calcite range between about 136?? and 213??C. Several of the calcite Th values are significantly lower than the present measured temperature curve. The melting-point temperatures (Tm) of fluid-inclusion ice yield calculated salinities, ranging from near zero to as much as 5.4 wt. % NaCl equivalent, which suggest that much of the barite and calcite precipitated from fluids of significantly greater salinity than the present low salinity Platanares hot-spring water or water produced from the drill hole.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(91)90027-W","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Bargar, K., 1991, Fluid inclusions and preliminary studies of hydrothermal alteration in core hole PLTG-1, Platanares geothermal area, Honduras: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 45, no. 1-2, p. 147-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(91)90027-W.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1274e4b0c8380cd542ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bargar, K.E.","contributorId":44548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016478,"text":"70016478 - 1991 - Geochemistry of a Tertiary sedimentary phosphate deposit: Baja California Sur, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:38:05","indexId":"70016478","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of a Tertiary sedimentary phosphate deposit: Baja California Sur, Mexico","docAbstract":"The San Gregorio Formation in Baja California Sur, a phosphate-enriched sedimentary unit of late Oligocene to early Miocene age, has been analyzed in two areas (La Purisima and San Hilario) for its chemical composition (major oxides, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, V, and rare-earth elements - REE) and isotopic composition (??18O and ??13C). A detrital and a marine component were determined from major oxides. The detrital component consists of an unaltered volcanic-ash fraction and a terrigenous clay-silt fraction. The marine component, which accumulated initially as biogenic and hydrogenous material, is now present as opal-A, opal-CT, CaCO3, organic matter, and an authigenic phosphate fraction, mostly pelletal and composed of the carbonate-fluorapatite mineral francolite. The minor elements have been partitioned into these components by assuming a constant composition for the two detrital fractions. The composition of the marine component of minor elements can then be interpreted by assuming that the stoichiometry of the original accumulating organic matter was equal to that of modern plankton. The Cu and Cd contents in the marine component of all rocks require that the seawater-derived fractions of these two metals were supplied to the seafloor solely by organic matter. Enrichments of Cr and V at both sites required an additional marine input. On the basis of their geochemistry in the modern ocean, Cr and V could have precipitated, or been adsorbed, onto settling particles from an O2 minimum zone in which the O2 content was low enough to promote denitrification rather than oxygen respiration. An enrichment of the REE, now within the apatite fraction, resulted from their adsorption onto particulates also in the O2 minimum zone and to the dissolution and alteration of biogenic phases (predominantly silica) within the sediment. Co and Fe2O3 show no enrichment above a detrital contribution. The ??18O-values of apatites from the La Purisima site are heavier than those of apatites from the San Hilario site, whereas the ??13C-values show the opposite trend. One possible interpretation of these variations is that ??18O reflects seawater values and ??13C sediment pore water values. This interpretation suggests that upwelling rates and primary productivity within the water column were greater at La Purisima, an interpretation that is corroborated by a greater abundance of apatite measured in outcrop at La Purisima. The Ce anomalies of the phosphate-enriched samples also differ between the two sites, indicating that they also recorded water masses, similar to the ??18O-values. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(91)90075-3","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., 1991, Geochemistry of a Tertiary sedimentary phosphate deposit: Baja California Sur, Mexico: Chemical Geology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 283-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90075-3.","startPage":"283","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266077,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90075-3"},{"id":223224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16eae4b0c8380cd552ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016374,"text":"70016374 - 1991 - Vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks: A review of geochemical controls during deposition and diagenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:34:01","indexId":"70016374","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks: A review of geochemical controls during deposition and diagenesis","docAbstract":"Published data relevant to the geochemistry of vanadium were used to evaluate processes and conditions that control vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks. Reduction, adsorption, and complexation of dissolved vanadium favor addition of vanadium to sediments rich in organic carbon. Dissolved vanadate (V(V)) species predominate in oxic seawater and are reduced to vanadyl ion (V(IV)) by organic compounds or H2S. Vanadyl ion readily adsorbs to particle surfaces and is added to the sediment as the particles settle. The large vanadium concentrations of rocks deposited in marine as compared to lacustrine environments are the result of the relatively large amount of vanadium provided by circulating ocean water compared to terrestrial runoff. Vanadium-rich carbonaceous rocks typically have high contents of organically bound sulfur and are stratigraphically associated with phosphate-rich units. A correspondence between vanadium content and organically bound sulfur is consistent with high activities of H2S during sediment deposition. Excess H2S exited the sediment into bottom waters and favored reduction of dissolved V(V) to V(IV) or possibly V(III). The stratigraphic association of vanadiferous and phosphatic rocks reflects temporal and spatial shifts in bottom water chemistry from suboxic (phosphate concentrated) to more reducing (euxinic?) conditions that favor vanadium accumulation. During diagenesis some vanadium-organic complexes migrate with petroleum out of carbonaceous rocks, but significant amounts of vanadium are retained in refractory organic matter or clay minerals. As carbon in the rock evolves toward graphite during metamorphism, vanadium is incorporated into silicate minerals. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(91)90083-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Breit, G.N., and Wanty, R., 1991, Vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks: A review of geochemical controls during deposition and diagenesis: Chemical Geology, v. 91, no. 2, p. 83-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90083-4.","startPage":"83","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266073,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90083-4"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc111e4b08c986b32a439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015145,"text":"70015145 - 1991 - New evidence on the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera, California, from wells, fluid sampling, electrical geophysics, and age determinations of hot-spring deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015145","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New evidence on the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera, California, from wells, fluid sampling, electrical geophysics, and age determinations of hot-spring deposits","docAbstract":"Data collected since 1985 from test drilling, fluid sampling, and geologic and geophysical investigations provide a clearer definition of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera than was previously available. This information confirms the existence of high-temperature (> 200??C) reservoirs within the volcanic fill in parts of the west moat. These reservoirs contain fluids which are chemically similar to thermal fluids encountered in the central and eastern parts of the caldera. The roots of the present-day hydrothermal system (the source reservoir, principal zones of upflow, and the magmatic heat source) most likely occur within metamorphic basement rocks beneath the western part of the caldera. Geothermometer-temperature estimates for the source reservoir range from 214 to 248??C. Zones of upflow of hot water could exist beneath the plateau of moat rhyolite located west of the resurgent dome or beneath Mammoth Mountain. Lateral flow of thermal water away from such upflow zones through reservoirs in the Bishop Tuff and early rhyolite accounts for temperature reversals encountered in most existing wells. Dating of hot-spring deposits from active and inactive thermal areas confirms previous interpretations of the evolution of hydrothermal activity that suggest two periods of extensive hot-spring discharge, one peaking about 300 ka and another extending from about 40 ka to the present. The onset of hydrothermal activity around 40 ka coincides with the initiation of rhyolitic volcanism along the Mono-Inyo Craters volcanic chain that extends beneath the caldera's west moat. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., Suemnicht, G., Sturchio, N., and Nordquist, G., 1991, New evidence on the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera, California, from wells, fluid sampling, electrical geophysics, and age determinations of hot-spring deposits: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 229-263.","startPage":"229","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a657de4b0c8380cd72be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suemnicht, G.A.","contributorId":11339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suemnicht","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturchio, N.C.","contributorId":16580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordquist, G.A.","contributorId":86493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordquist","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015019,"text":"70015019 - 1991 - Estimation of suspended-sediment rating curves and mean suspended-sediment loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:17:53","indexId":"70015019","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of suspended-sediment rating curves and mean suspended-sediment loads","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment loads are often estimated from an empirical relation between suspended-sediment load (L) and streamflow (S). This relation is usually defined as a power function, L = aSh, and is referred to as a suspended-sediment rating curve. This function can be formulated as either a linear or non-linear model to find the solution of the rating-curve parameters (a and b). Formulation of the power function as a linear model requires a logarithmic transformation to linearize the function and a subsequent correction for transformation bias. Rating-curve parameter estimates for both the bias-corrected, transformed-linear or non-linear models can be obtained by the method of least squares.
\nEach model has distinct advantages and disadvantages. A unique solution of the parameters of the transformed-linear model may be obtained algebraically. These parameter estimates have some optimal properties when certain attainable conditions are met. However, the parameter estimates must be corrected for transformation bias when obtained this way. Parameter estimates obtained for the non-linear model do not require a correction for transformation bias. However, these estimates must be obtained by iterative methods which do not always converge to a solution. In addition, the residual errors of the non-linear model typically are not identically distributed throughout the range of streamflow values. This problem adversely affects the precision of the parameter estimates. Weighted non-linear least squares can be used to improve the parameter estimates for the non-linear model, but the weights must be approximated and their appropriate form may be difficult to determine.
\nA simulation study was done to evaluate: (1) the accuracy and precision of parameter estimates for the bias-corrected, transformed-linear and non-linear models obtained by the method of least squares; (2) the accuracy of mean suspended-sediment loads calculated by the flow-duration, rating-curve method using model parameters obtained by the alternative methods. Parameter estimates obtained by least squares for the bias-corrected, transformed-linear model were considerably more precise than those obtained for the non-linear or weighted non-linear model. The accuracy of parameter estimates obtained for the biascorrected, transformed-linear and weighted non-linear model was similar and was much greater than the accuracy obtained by non-linear least squares. The improved parameter estimates obtained by the biascorrected, transformed-linear or weighted non-linear model yield estimates of mean suspended-sediment load calculated by the flow-duration, rating-curve method that are more accurate and precise than those obtained for the non-linear model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(91)90057-O","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Crawford, C.G., 1991, Estimation of suspended-sediment rating curves and mean suspended-sediment loads: Journal of Hydrology, v. 129, no. 1-4, p. 331-348, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(91)90057-O.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"348","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bb2e4b0c8380cd5282e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016362,"text":"70016362 - 1991 - Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T11:14:11","indexId":"70016362","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution","docAbstract":"Stable isotope data for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbonate shell material and cements, and microbial CO2 were combined with organic and inorganic chemical data from aquifer and confining-bed pore waters to construct geochemical reaction models along a flowpath in the Black Creek aquifer of South Carolina. Carbon-isotope fractionation between DIC and precipitating cements was treated as a Rayleigh distillation process. Organic matter oxidation was coupled to microbial fermentation and sulfate reduction. All reaction models reproduced the observed chemical and isotopic compositions of final waters. However, model 1, in which all sources of carbon and electron-acceptors were assumed to be internal to the aquifer, was invalidated owing to the large ratio of fermentation CO2 to respiration CO2 predicted by the model (5–49) compared with measured ratios (two or less). In model 2, this ratio was reduced by assuming that confining beds adjacent to the aquifer act as sources of dissolved organic carbon and sulfate. This assumption was based on measured high concentrations of dissolved organic acids and sulfate in confining-bed pore waters (60–100 μM and 100–380 μM, respectively) relative to aquifer pore waters (from less than 30 μM and 2–80 μM, respectively). Sodium was chosen as the companion ion to organic-acid and sulfate transport from confining beds because it is the predominant cation in confining-bed pore waters. As a result, excessive amounts of Na-for-Ca ion exchange and calcite precipitation (three to four times more cement than observed in the aquifer) were required by model 2 to achieve mass and isotope balance of final water. For this reason, model 2 was invalidated. Agreement between model-predicted and measured amounts of carbonate cement and ratios of fermentation CO2 to respiration CO2 were obtained in a reaction model that assumed confining beds act as sources of DIC, as well as organic acids and sulfate. This assumption was supported by measured high concentrations of DIC in confining beds (2.6–2.7 mM). Results from this study show that geochemical models of confined aquifer systems must incorporate the effects of adjacent confining beds to reproduce observed groundwater chemistry accurately.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(91)90111-T","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., and Chapelle, F.H., 1991, Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution: Journal of Hydrology, v. 127, no. 1-4, p. 109-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(91)90111-T.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"135","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16f2e4b0c8380cd55313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016780,"text":"70016780 - 1991 - Herbicides in streams. Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016780","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Herbicides in streams. Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"Results from a 2-year study of 149 streams geographically distributed across the corn-producing region of 10 midwestern States show that detectable concentrations of herbicides persist year round in most streams. Some herbicides exceeded proposed maximum contaminant levels for drinking water for periods of several weeks to several months following application. Atrazine was the most frequently detected and most persistent herbicide measured, followed by desethylatrazine and metolachlor. The seasonal distribution of atrazine indicates that aquifers contributing base flow to many of the streams are contaminated with herbicides.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., Thurman, E.M., and Kolpin, D.W., 1991, Herbicides in streams. Midwestern United States, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 17-23.","startPage":"17","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3070e4b0c8380cd5d643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016701,"text":"70016701 - 1991 - Capture zones for simple aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T22:33:11.851893","indexId":"70016701","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture zones for simple aquifers","docAbstract":"Abstract. The protection and cleanup of aquifers is a matter of high priority for all states and the federal government. One concept that is receiving increased attention is that of wellhead protection. Capture zones showing the area influenced by a well within a certain time are useful for both aquifer protection and cleanup. If hydrodynamic dispersion is neglected, a deterministic curve defines the capture zone. Analytical expressions for the capture zones can be derived for simple aquifers. However, the capture zone equations are transcendental and cannot be explicitly solved for the coordinates of the capture zone boundary. Fortunately, an iterative scheme allows the solution to proceed quickly and efficiently even on a modest personal computer. Three forms of the analytical solution must be used in an iterative scheme to cover the entire region of interest, after the extreme values of the x coordinate are determined by an iterative solution. The resulting solution is a discrete one, and usually 100-1000 intervals along the x-axis are necessary for a smooth definition of the capture zone. The presented program is written in FORTRAN and has been used in a variety of computing environments. No graphics capability is included with the program; it is assumed the user has access to a commercial package. The superposition of capture zones for multiple wells is expected to be satisfactory if the spacing is not too close. Because this program deals with simple aquifers, the results rarely will be the final word in a real application. However, the program is useful as a first phase in developing wellhead protection or aquifer cleanup schemes.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNHVT901","usgsCitation":"Toppin, K., McKenna, K., Cotton, J.E., and Denner, J., 1991, Water Resources Data, New Hampshire and Vermont, Water Year 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NH-VT-90-1, x, 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNHVT901.","productDescription":"x, 136 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/nh-vt-90-01/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":372583,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/nh-vt-90-01/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb3a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toppin, K. W.","contributorId":35776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toppin","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, K.E.","contributorId":58333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cotton, J. E.","contributorId":52976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denner, J.C.","contributorId":75562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014941,"text":"70014941 - 1991 - Chemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas compositions of the hydrothermal system in Twin Falls and Jerome counties, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:22:54","indexId":"70014941","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1827,"text":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas compositions of the hydrothermal system in Twin Falls and Jerome counties, Idaho","docAbstract":"The chemical, isotopic, and gas compositions of the hydrothermal system in Twin Falls and Jerome counties, Idaho, change systematically as the water moves northward from the Idaho-Nevada boundary toward the Snake River. Sodium, chloride, fluoride, alkalinity, dissolved helium, and carbon-13 increase as calcium and carbon-14 decrease. Water-rock reactions may result in dissolution of plagioclase or volcanic glass and calcite, followed by precipitation of zeolites and clays. On the basis of carbon-14 age dating, apparent water ages range from 2,000 to more than 26,000 years; most apparent ages range from about 4,000 to 10,000 years. The older waters, north of the Snake River, are isotopically depleted in deuterium and are enriched in chloride relative to waters to the south. Thermal waters flowing northward beneath the Snake River may join a westward flow of older thermal water slightly north of the river. The direction of flow in the hydrothermal system seems to parallel the surface drainage.","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412693","usgsCitation":"Mariner, R.H., Young, H., Evans, W.E., and Parliman, D., 1991, Chemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas compositions of the hydrothermal system in Twin Falls and Jerome counties, Idaho: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 15, p. 257-263.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"263","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f59ce4b0c8380cd4c308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, W. E.","contributorId":28017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016417,"text":"70016417 - 1991 - Debris flows as geomorphic agents in the Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T12:45:53.417096","indexId":"70016417","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Debris flows as geomorphic agents in the Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"Numerous debris flows occurred in the Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona during the summer rainy season of 1988 in areas that were burned by a forest fire earlier in the summer. Debris flows occurred following a major forest fire in 1977 as well, suggesting a causal link between fires and debris flows. Abundant evidence of older debris flows preserved along channels and in mountain front fans indicates that debris flows have occurred repeteadly during the late Quaternary in this environment. Soil development in sequences of debris-flow deposits indicates that debris flows probably recur over time intervals of several hundred to a thousand years in individual drainage basins in the study area.
Surface runoff in the steep drainage basins of the Huachuca Mountains is greatly enhanced following forest fires, as the hillslopes are denuded of their vegetative cover. Water and sediment eroded from the hillslope regolith are rapidly introduced into the upper reaches of tributary channels by widespread rilling and slope wash during rainfall events. This influx of water and sediment destabilizes regolith previously accumulated in the channel, triggering debris flows that scour the channel to bedrock in the upper reaches. Following a debris flow, the scoured, trapezoidally-shaped channel gradually assumes a swale shape and the percentage of exposed bedrock declines, as material is introduced from the slopes. Debris flows do a tremendous amount of work in a very short time, however, and are the major channel-forming events.
Where the tributary channels enter larger, trunk channels, the debris flows serve as the main source of very coarse sediment. The local slope and coarse particle distribution of the trunk channel depend on the competence of water flows in the channel to transport the material introduced by debris flows. Where the smaller channels drain directly to the mountain front, debris flows create extensive alluvial fans which dominate the morphology of the basin-range boundary.
Time intervals between debris flows in the drainage basins of the Huachuca Mountains are probably controlled by complex interactions among climate, forest fires and slope processes. Fires destroy the protective vegetation that stabilizes the upper catchment slopes and inhibits erosion. However, not every fire that burns a catchment causes debris flows, because sufficient weathered material must accumulate in the upper channel reaches to initiate a large debris flow. If such accumulation has not occurred, the material introduced to a channel following a forest fire will move only a short distance down the channel. Thus, the episodic nature of debris flows probably depends on rates of slope weathering and erosion, which are in turn controlled by climate, both directly and through vegetation and forest fires.
Over a 10-wk period in early 1982, 39 Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) were found dead in the lower Caloosahatchee River and nearby waters of southwestern Florida. Two were killed by boats. The remainder showed no evidence of trauma. Lesions indicative of infectious agents were not identified, and bacteriological and contaminant residue findings were unremarkable. Nonspecific lesions of congestion and hemorrhage were identified in brain tissue. Numerous reports were also received of manatee morbidity. Some distressed manatees showed no biochemical lesions in clinical analyses of blood samples and recovered quickly. Timing of manatee illnesses coincided with fish and double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) mortality and morbidity. A widespread bloom of the dinoflagellate red tide organism (Gymnodinium breve) also coincided with these incidents. G. breve produces potent neurotoxins (brevetoxins). Circumstantial evidence links these events, and possible routes of exposure may include ingestion of filter-feeding ascidians. Ecological conditions that magnified the extent of the epizootic included an early dispersal of manatees into the area from a nearby winter aggregation site and unusually high salinities that facilitated the inshore spread of the red tide bloom. Management responses to future episodes of red tide in manatee areas are suggested.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00563.x","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., Rathbun, G.B., Bonde, R., Buergelt, C., and Odell, D., 1991, An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom: Marine Mammal Science, v. 7, no. 2, p. 165-179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00563.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":131845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684a72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buergelt, C.D.","contributorId":21913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buergelt","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Odell, D.K.","contributorId":32119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odell","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70016609,"text":"70016609 - 1991 - Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70016609","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is acquiring a new generation of field computers and communications software to support hydrologic data-collection at field locations. The new computer hardware and software mark the beginning of the Survey's transition from the use of electromechanical devices and paper tapes to electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation. Software is being developed for these microprocessors to facilitate the collection, conversion, and entry of data into the Survey's National Water Information System. The new automated data-collection process features several microprocessor-controlled sensors connected to a serial digital multidrop line operated by an electronic data recorder. Data are acquired from the sensors in response to instructions programmed into the data recorder by the user through small portable lap-top or hand-held computers. The portable computers, called personal field computers, also are used to extract data from the electronic recorders for transport by courier to the office computers. The Survey's alternative to manual or courier retrieval is the use of microprocessor-based remote telemetry stations. Plans have been developed to enhance the Survey's use of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite telemetry by replacing the present network of direct-readout ground stations with less expensive units. Plans also provide for computer software that will support other forms of telemetry such as telephone or land-based radio.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"29 July 1991 through 2 August 1991","conferenceLocation":"Nashville, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628167","usgsCitation":"Shope, W.G., 1991, Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA, 29 July 1991 through 2 August 1991, p. 774-779.","startPage":"774","endPage":"779","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbef6e4b08c986b3298af","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shane Richard M.","contributorId":128320,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shane Richard M.","id":536335,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Shope, William G. Jr.","contributorId":106649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}