In-stream nitrogen processing in the Mississippi River has been suggested as one mechanism to reduce coastal eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic macrophytes in river channels and flood plain lakes have the potential to temporarily remove large quantities of nitrogen through assimilation both by themselves and by the attached epiphyton. In addition, rooted macrophytes act as oxygen pumps, creating aerobic microsites around their roots where coupled nitrification–denitrification can occur. We used in situ 15N–NO3 − tracer mesocosm experiments to measure nitrate assimilation rates for macrophytes, epiphyton, and microbial fauna in the sediment in Third Lake, a backwater lake of the upper Mississippi River during June and July 2005. We measured assimilation over a range of nitrate concentrations and estimated a nitrate mass balance for Third Lake. Macrophytes assimilated the most nitrate (29.5 mg N m−2 d−1) followed by sediment microbes (14.4 mg N m−2 d−1) and epiphytes (5.7 mg N m−2 d−1). Assimilation accounted for 6.8% in June and 18.6% in July of total nitrate loss in the control chambers. However, denitrification (292.4 mg N m−2 d−1) is estimated to account for the majority (82%) of the nitrate loss. Assimilation and denitrification rates generally increased with increasing nitrate concentration but denitrification rates plateaued at about 5 mg N L−1. This suggests that backwaters have the potential to remove a relatively high amount of nitrate but will likely become saturated if the load becomes too large.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9503-9","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Kreiling, R., Richardson, W.B., Cavanaugh, J., and Bartsch, L., 2011, Summer nitrate uptake and denitrification in an upper Mississippi River backwater lake: The role of rooted aquatic vegetation: Biogeochemistry, v. 104, no. 1-3, p. 309-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9503-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"324","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218571,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9503-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.60302734375,\n 47.08508535995386\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -94.02099609375,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -92.94433593749999,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -91.77978515625,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -91.51611328125,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -91.64794921875,\n 39.57182223734374\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n -89.3408203125,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -89.4287109375,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 41.09591205639546\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 41.72213058512578\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -92.7685546875,\n 44.88701247981298\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 47.204642388766935\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -95.60302734375,\n 47.08508535995386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f40e4b08c986b31e440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreiling, Rebecca 0000-0002-9295-4156 rkreiling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-4156","contributorId":147679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiling","given":"Rebecca","email":"rkreiling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cavanaugh, J.C.","contributorId":25269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavanaugh","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036136,"text":"70036136 - 2011 - Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:37:02.235544","indexId":"70036136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","docAbstract":"Fungicides are used to prevent foliar diseases on a wide range of vegetable, field, fruit, and ornamental crops. They are generally more effective as protective rather than curative treatments, and hence tend to be applied before infections take place. Less than 1% of US soybeans were treated with a fungicide in 2002 but by 2006, 4% were treated. Like other pesticides, fungicides can move-off of fields after application and subsequently contaminate surface water, groundwater, and associated sediments. Due to the constant pressure from fungal diseases such as the recent Asian soybean rust outbreak, and the always-present desire to increase crop yields, there is the potential for a significant increase in the amount of fungicides used on US farms. Increased fungicide use could lead to increased environmental concentrations of these compounds. This study documents the occurrence of fungicides in select US streams soon after the first documentation of soybean rust in the US and prior to the corresponding increase in fungicide use to treat this problem. Water samples were collected from 29 streams in 13 states in 2005 and/or 2006, and analyzed for 12 target fungicides. Nine of the 12 fungicides were detected in at least one stream sample and at least one fungicide was detected in 20 of 29 streams. At least one fungicide was detected in 56% of the 103 samples, as many as five fungicides were detected in an individual sample, and mixtures of fungicides were common. Azoxystrobin was detected most frequently (45% of 103 samples) followed by metalaxyl (27%), propiconazole (17%), myclobutanil (9%), and tebuconazole (6%). Fungicide detections ranged from 0.002 to 1.15 μ/L. There was indication of a seasonal pattern to fungicide occurrence, with detections more common and concentrations higher in late summer and early fall than in spring. At a few sites, fungicides were detected in all samples collected suggesting the potential for season-long occurrence in some streams. Fungicide occurrence appears to be related to fungicide use in the associated drainage basins; however, current use information is generally lacking and more detailed occurrence data are needed to accurately quantify such a relation. Maximum concentrations of fungicides were typically one or more orders of magnitude less than current toxicity estimates for freshwater aquatic organisms or humans; however, gaps in current toxicological understandings of the effects of fungicides in the environment limit these interpretations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Sandstrom, M.W., Kuivila, K., Kolpin, D.W., and Meyer, M.T., 2011, Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 218, no. 1-4, p. 307-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bd3e4b0c8380cd748ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036376,"text":"70036376 - 2011 - Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T14:31:52.912121","indexId":"70036376","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central Montana","docAbstract":"Middle Eocene through Upper Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Flint Creek basin in western Montana accumulated during a period of significant paleoclimatic change and extension across the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province. Gravity modelling, borehole data, and geologic mapping from the Flint Creek basin indicate that subsidence was focused along an extensionally reactivated Sevier thrust fault, which accommodated up to 800 m of basin fill while relaying stress between the dextral transtensional Lewis and Clark lineament to the north and the Anaconda core complex to the south. Northwesterly paleocurrent indicators, foliated metamorphic lithics, 64 Ma (40Ar/39Ar) muscovite grains, and 76 Ma (U-Pb) zircons in a ca. 27 Ma arkosic sandstone are consistent with Oligocene exhumation and erosion of the Anaconda core complex. The core complex and volcanic and magmatic rocks in its hangingwall created an important drainage divide during the Paleogene shedding detritus to the NNW and ESE. Following a major period of Early Miocene tectonism and erosion, regional drainage networks were reorganized such that paleoflow in the Flint Creek basin flowed east into an internally drained saline lake system. Renewed tectonism during Middle to Late Miocene time reestablished a west-directed drainage that is recorded by fluvial strata within a Late Miocene paleovalley. These tectonic reorganizations and associated drainage divide explain observed discrepancies in provenance studies across the province. Regional correlation of unconformities and lithofacies mapping in the Flint Creek basin suggest that localized tectonism and relative base level fluctuations controlled lithostratigraphic architecture.","language":"English, French","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e10-107","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Portner, R., Hendrix, M., Stalker, J., Miggins, D.P., and Sheriff, S., 2011, Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central Montana: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 48, no. 7, p. 1131-1153, https://doi.org/10.1139/e10-107.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1153","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a38e4b08c986b3170bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Portner, R.A.","contributorId":41685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portner","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendrix, M.S.","contributorId":6300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrix","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stalker, J.C.","contributorId":90143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalker","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miggins, D. P.","contributorId":32367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miggins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sheriff, S.D.","contributorId":101001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheriff","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035780,"text":"70035780 - 2011 - Arsenic species in weathering mine tailings and biogenic solids at the Lava Cap Mine Superfund Site, Nevada City, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-17T16:08:24","indexId":"70035780","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1755,"text":"Geochemical Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic species in weathering mine tailings and biogenic solids at the Lava Cap Mine Superfund Site, Nevada City, CA","docAbstract":"Background
\nA realistic estimation of the health risk of human exposure to solid-phase arsenic (As) derived from historic mining operations is a major challenge to redevelopment of California's famed \"Mother Lode\" region. Arsenic, a known carcinogen, occurs in multiple solid forms that vary in bioaccessibility. X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS) was used to identify and quantify the forms of As in mine wastes and biogenic solids at the Lava Cap Mine Superfund (LCMS) site, a historic \"Mother Lode\" gold mine. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess variance within water chemistry, solids chemistry, and XAFS spectral datasets. Linear combination, least-squares fits constrained in part by PCA results were then used to quantify arsenic speciation in XAFS spectra of tailings and biogenic solids.
Results
\nThe highest dissolved arsenic concentrations were found in Lost Lake porewater and in a groundwater-fed pond in the tailings deposition area. Iron, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, specific conductivity, and As were the major variables in the water chemistry PCA. Arsenic was, on average, 14 times more concentrated in biologically-produced iron (hydr)oxide than in mine tailings. Phosphorous, manganese, calcium, aluminum, and As were the major variables in the solids chemistry PCA. Linear combination fits to XAFS spectra indicate that arsenopyrite (FeAsS), the dominant form of As in ore material, remains abundant (average: 65%) in minimally-weathered ore samples and water-saturated tailings at the bottom of Lost Lake. However, tailings that underwent drying and wetting cycles contain an average of only 30% arsenopyrite. The predominant products of arsenopyrite weathering were identified by XAFS to be As-bearing Fe (hydr)oxide and arseniosiderite (Ca2Fe(AsO4)3O3•3H2O). Existence of the former species is not in question, but the presence of the latter species was not confirmed by additional measurements, so its identification is less certain. The linear combination, least-squares fits totals of several samples deviate by more than ± 20% from 100%, suggesting that additional phases may be present that were not identified or evaluated in this study.
Conclusions
\nSub- to anoxic conditions minimize dissolution of arsenopyrite at the LCMS site, but may accelerate the dissolution of As-bearing secondary iron phases such as Fe3+-oxyhydroxides and arseniosiderite, if sufficient organic matter is present to spur anaerobic microbial activity. Oxidizing, dry conditions favor the stabilization of secondary phases, while promoting oxidative breakdown of the primary sulfides. The stability of both primary and secondary As phases is likely to be at a minimum under cyclic wet-dry conditions. Biogenic iron (hydr)oxide flocs can sequester significant amounts of arsenic; this property may be useful for treatment of perpetual sources of As such as mine adit water, but the fate of As associated with natural accumulations of floc material needs to be assessed.
Avian conservation efforts must account for changes in vegetation composition and structure associated with climate change. We modeled vegetation change and the probability of occurrence of birds to project changes in winter bird distributions associated with climate change and fire management in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (southwestern U.S.A.). We simulated vegetation change in a process-based model (Landscape and Fire Simulator) in which anticipated climate change was associated with doubling of current atmospheric carbon dioxide over the next 50 years. We estimated the relative probability of bird occurrence on the basis of statistical models derived from field observations of birds and data on vegetation type, topography, and roads. We selected 3 focal species, Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), and Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus), that had a range of probabilities of occurrence for our study area. Our simulations projected increases in relative probability of bird occurrence in shrubland and decreases in grassland and Yucca spp. and ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) vegetation. Generally, the relative probability of occurrence of all 3 species was highest in shrubland because leaf-area index values were lower in shrubland. This high probability of occurrence likely is related to the species' use of open vegetation for foraging. Fire suppression had little effect on projected vegetation composition because as climate changed there was less fuel and burned area. Our results show that if future water limits on plant type are considered, models that incorporate spatial data may suggest how and where different species of birds may respond to vegetation changes.
","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01684.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"White, J., Gutzwiller, K.J., Barrow, W., Johnson-Randall, L., Zygo, L., and Swint, P., 2011, Understanding interaction effects of climate change and fire management on bird distributions through combined process and habitat models: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 536-546, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01684.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"536","endPage":"546","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216808,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01684.x"},{"id":244700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chihuahuan Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc4be4b08c986b328b52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Joseph D.","contributorId":56077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joseph D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutzwiller, Kevin J.","contributorId":101923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":1988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson-Randall, Lori 0000-0003-0100-994X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-994X","contributorId":43604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson-Randall","given":"Lori","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zygo, Lisa","contributorId":9898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygo","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swint, Pamela","contributorId":32765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swint","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036241,"text":"70036241 - 2011 - Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T11:44:32","indexId":"70036241","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000","docAbstract":"Land use change, natural disturbance, and climate change directly alter ecosystem productivity and carbon stock level. The estimation of ecosystem carbon dynamics depends on the quality of land cover change data and the effectiveness of the ecosystem models that represent the vegetation growth processes and disturbance effects. We used the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) and a set of 30- to 60-m resolution fire and land cover change data to examine the carbon changes of California's forests, shrublands, and grasslands. Simulation results indicate that during 1951–2000, the net primary productivity (NPP) increased by 7%, from 72.2 to 77.1 Tg C yr−1 (1 teragram = 1012 g), mainly due to CO2 fertilization, since the climate hardly changed during this period. Similarly, heterotrophic respiration increased by 5%, from 69.4 to 73.1 Tg C yr−1, mainly due to increased forest soil carbon and temperature. Net ecosystem production (NEP) was highly variable in the 50-year period but on average equalled 3.0 Tg C yr−1 (total of 149 Tg C). As with NEP, the net biome production (NBP) was also highly variable but averaged −0.55 Tg C yr−1 (total of –27.3 Tg C) because NBP in the 1980s was very low (–5.34 Tg C yr−1). During the study period, a total of 126 Tg carbon were removed by logging and land use change, and 50 Tg carbon were directly removed by wildland fires. For carbon pools, the estimated total living upper canopy (tree) biomass decreased from 928 to 834 Tg C, and the understory (including shrub and grass) biomass increased from 59 to 63 Tg C. Soil carbon and dead biomass carbon increased from 1136 to 1197 Tg C.
Our analyses suggest that both natural and human processes have significant influence on the carbon change in California. During 1951–2000, climate interannual variability was the key driving force for the large interannual changes of ecosystem carbon source and sink at the state level, while logging and fire were the dominant driving forces for carbon balances in several specific ecoregions. From a long-term perspective, CO2fertilization plays a key role in maintaining higher NPP. However, our study shows that the increase in C sequestration by CO2 fertilization is largely offset by logging/land use change and wildland fires.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.042","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Vogelmann, J., Zhu, Z., Key, C.H., Sleeter, B.M., Price, D., Chen, J.M., Cochrane, M.A., Eidenshink, J.C., Howard, S.M., Bliss, N.B., and Jiang, H., 2011, Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000: Ecological Modelling, v. 222, no. 14, p. 2333-2341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.042.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2333","endPage":"2341","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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(Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jiang, Hong","contributorId":175217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Hong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27538,"text":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210093","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70036989,"text":"70036989 - 2011 - Short- and long-term effects of fire on carbon in US dry temperate forest systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T16:46:26.184593","indexId":"70036989","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short- and long-term effects of fire on carbon in US dry temperate forest systems","docAbstract":"Forests sequester carbon from the atmosphere, and in so doing can mitigate the effects of climate change. Fire is a natural disturbance process in many forest systems that releases carbon back to the atmosphere. In dry temperate forests, fires historically burned with greater frequency and lower severity than they do today. Frequent fires consumed fuels on the forest floor and maintained open stand structures. Fire suppression has resulted in increased understory fuel loads and tree density; a change in structure that has caused a shift from low- to high-severity fires. More severe fires, resulting in greater tree mortality, have caused a decrease in forest carbon stability. Fire management actions can mitigate the risk of high-severity fires, but these actions often require a trade-off between maximizing carbon stocks and carbon stability. We discuss the effects of fire on forest carbon stocks and recommend that managing forests on the basis of their specific ecologies should be the foremost goal, with carbon sequestration being an ancillary benefit.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","doi":"10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.9","issn":"00063568","usgsCitation":"Hurteau, M.D., and Brooks, M.L., 2011, Short- and long-term effects of fire on carbon in US dry temperate forest systems: BioScience, v. 61, no. 2, p. 139-146, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"146","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217896,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.9"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ea6e4b08c986b318a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurteau, Matthew D.","contributorId":100660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurteau","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036141,"text":"70036141 - 2011 - Distribution and characterization of in-channel large wood in relation to geomorphic patterns on a low-gradient river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-27T07:59:15","indexId":"70036141","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and characterization of in-channel large wood in relation to geomorphic patterns on a low-gradient river","docAbstract":"A 177 river km georeferenced aerial survey of in-channel large wood (LW) on the lower Roanoke River, NC was conducted to determine LW dynamics and distributions on an eastern USA low-gradient large river. Results indicate a system with approximately 75% of the LW available for transport either as detached individual LW or as LW in log jams. There were approximately 55 individual LW per river km and another 59 pieces in log jams per river km. Individual LW is a product of bank erosion (73% is produced through erosion) and is isolated on the mid and upper banks at low flow. This LW does not appear to be important for either aquatic habitat or as a human risk. Log jams rest near or at water level making them a factor in bank complexity in an otherwise homogenous fine-grained channel. A segmentation test was performed using LW frequency by river km to detect breaks in longitudinal distribution and to define homogeneous reaches of LWfrequency. Homogeneous reaches were then analyzed to determine their relationship to bank height, channel width/depth, sinuosity, and gradient. Results show that log jams are a product of LW transport and occur more frequently in areas with high snag concentrations, low to intermediate bank heights, high sinuosity, high local LW recruitment rates, and narrow channel widths. The largest concentration of log jams (21.5 log jams/km) occurs in an actively eroding reach. Log jam concentrations downstream of this reach are lower due to a loss of river competency as the channel reaches sea level and the concurrent development of unvegetated mudflats separating the active channel from the floodplain forest. Substantial LW transport occurs on this low-gradient, dam-regulated large river; this study, paired with future research on transport mechanisms should provide resource managers and policymakers with options to better manage aquatic habitat while mitigating possible negative impacts to human interests.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.2135","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Moulin, B., Schenk, E.R., and Hupp, C.R., 2011, Distribution and characterization of in-channel large wood in relation to geomorphic patterns on a low-gradient river: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 36, no. 9, p. 1137-1151, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2135.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1137","endPage":"1151","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.2135"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.852088,35.807089 ], [ -77.852088,36.536505 ], [ -76.535816,36.536505 ], [ -76.535816,35.807089 ], [ -77.852088,35.807089 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a027fe4b0c8380cd5008b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moulin, Bertrand","contributorId":80160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulin","given":"Bertrand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044960,"text":"70044960 - 2011 - T is for taconite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T10:31:45","indexId":"70044960","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"T is for taconite","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly Publishing","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2011, T is for taconite: Aggregates Manager, v. 16, no. 8, p. 36-36.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-030738","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05deee4b030b51980130b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. 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American shad eggs were collected in plankton tows, and the origin (spawning site) of each egg was estimated; relocations of radio-tagged adults on spawning grounds illustrated habitat use and movement in relation to changes in water discharge rates. Most spawning was estimated to occur in the Piedmont physiographic region within a 25-river-kilometer (rkm) section just below the lowermost dam in the system; however, some spawning also occurred downstream in the Coastal Plain. The Piedmont region has a higher gradient and is predicted to have slightly higher current velocities and shallower depths, on average, than the Coastal Plain. The Piedmont region is dominated by large substrates (e.g., boulders and gravel), whereas the Coastal Plain is dominated by sand. Sampling at night (the primary spawning period) resulted in the collection of young eggs (≤1.5 h old) that more precisely identified the spawning sites. In the Piedmont region, most radio-tagged American shad remained in discrete areas (average linear range = 3.6 rkm) during the spawning season and generally occupied water velocities between 0.20 and 0.69 m/s, depths between 1.0 and 2.9 m, and substrates dominated by boulder or bedrock and gravel. Tagged adults made only small-scale movements with changes in water discharge rates. Our results demonstrate that the upstream extent of migration and an area of concentrated spawning occur just below the lowermost dam. If upstream areas have similar habitat, facilitating upstream access for American shad could increase the spawning habitat available and increase the population's size.
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Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192886,"text":"70192886 - 2011 - Nitrogen contamination of surficial aquifers - A growing legacy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T19:01:05.958661","indexId":"70192886","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen contamination of surficial aquifers - A growing legacy","docAbstract":"The virtual ubiquity of fertilizer-fed agriculture, increasing over several decades, has become necessary to support the global human population. Ironically, widespread use of nitrogen (N) has contaminated another vital resource: surficial fresh groundwater. Further, as nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, anthropogenic manipulation of N budgets has ramifications that can extend far beyond national borders. To get a handle on the size of the problem, Puckett et al. present an approach to track historical contamination and thus analyze trends now and in the past with implications for the future.
Volcanic-rock aquifers are the most extensive and productive aquifers in the Hawaiian Islands. These aquifers contain different types of groundwater systems depending on the geologic setting in which they occur. The most common groundwater systems include coastal freshwater-lens systems in the dike-free flanks of the volcanoes and dike-impounded systems within the dike-intruded areas of the volcanoes. In some areas, a thick (hundreds of meters) freshwater lens may develop because of the presence of a coastal confining unit, or caprock, that impedes the discharge of groundwater from the volcanic-rock aquifer, or because the permeability of the volcanic rocks forming the aquifer is low. In other areas with low groundwater-recharge rates and that lack a caprock, the freshwater lens may be thin or brackish water may exist immediately below the water table. Dike-impounded groundwater systems commonly have high water levels (hundreds of meters above sea level) and contribute to the base flow of streams where the water table intersects the stream. Recent numerical modeling studies have enhanced the conceptual understanding of groundwater systems in the Hawaiian Islands.
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approaches and implications","docAbstract":"Most of eastern North America receives elevated levels of atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) that result from anthropogenic SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Atmospheric S deposition has acidified sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in this region; however, deposition has been declining since the 1970s, resulting in some recovery in previously acidified aquatic ecosystems. Accurate watershed S mass balances help to evaluate the extent to which atmospheric S deposition is retained within ecosystems, and whether internal cycling sources and biogeochemical processes may be affecting the rate of recovery from decreasing S atmospheric loads. This study evaluated S mass balances for 15 sites with watersheds in southeastern Canada and northeastern US for the period 1985 to 2002. These 15 sites included nine in Canada (Turkey Lakes, ON; Harp Lake, ON; Plastic Lake, ON; Hermine, QC; Lake Laflamme, QC; Lake Clair, QC; Lake Tirasse, QC; Mersey, NS; Moosepit, NS) and six in the US (Arbutus Lake, NY; Biscuit Brook, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Cone Pond, NH; Bear Brook Watershed, ME). Annual S wet deposition inputs were derived from measured bulk or wet-only deposition and stream export was obtained by combining drainage water fluxes with SO4 2− concentrations. Dry deposition has the greatest uncertainty of any of the mass flux calculations necessary to develop accurate watershed balances, and here we developed a new method to calculate this quantity. We utilized historical information from both the US National Emissions Inventory and the US (CASTNET) and the Canadian (CAPMoN) dry deposition networks to develop a formulation that predicted SO2 concentrations as a function of SO2 emissions, latitude and longitude. The SO2 concentrations were used to predict dry deposition using relationships between concentrations and deposition flux derived from the CASTNET or CAPMoN networks. For the year 2002, we compared the SO2 concentrations and deposition predictions with the predictions of two continental-scale air quality models, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System (AURAMS) that utilize complete inventories of emissions and chemical budgets. The results of this comparison indicated that the predictive relationship provides an accurate representation of SO2 concentrations and S deposition for the region that is generally consistent with these models, and thus provides confidence that our approach could be used to develop accurate watershed S budgets for these 15 sites. Most watersheds showed large net losses of SO4 2− on an annual basis, and the watershed mass balances were grouped into five categories based on the relative value of mean annual net losses or net gains. The net annual fluxes of SO4 2− showed a strong relationship with hydrology; the largest net annual negative fluxes were associated with years of greatest precipitation amount and highest discharge. The important role of catchment hydrology on S budgets suggests implications for future predicted climate change as it affects patterns of precipitation and drought. The sensitivity of S budgets is likely to be greatest in watersheds with the greatest wetland area, which are particularly sensitive to drying and wetting cycles. A small number of the watersheds in this analysis were shown to have substantial S sources from mineral weathering, but most showed evidence of an internal source of SO4 2−, which is likely from the mineralization of organic S stored from decades of increased S deposition. Mobilization of this internal S appears to contribute about 1–6 kg S ha−1 year−1 to stream fluxes at these sites and is affecting the rate and extent of recovery from acidification as S deposition rates have declined in recent years. This internal S source should be considered when developing critical deposition loads that will promote ecosystem recovery from acidification and the depletion of nutrient cations in the northeastern US and southeastern Canada.
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E.","contributorId":56363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Moran, Michael D.","contributorId":55141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rogers, Christopher","contributorId":59549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schwede, Donna","contributorId":35059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwede","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Shanley, Jamie","contributorId":72922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Weathers, Kathleen C.","contributorId":58731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weathers","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Vet, Robert","contributorId":34643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vet","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70156753,"text":"70156753 - 2011 - Fire management of Mediterranean landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-07T15:35:27.992989","indexId":"70156753","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Fire management of Mediterranean landscapes","docAbstract":"The hazardous mediterranean climate, highly flammable vegetation, and rugged terrain, all important elements of fire behavior, become problems only in the presence of people. People recreate and build homes in the mediterranean wildlands because of the delightful climate and will continue to do so as long as space is available. People start most fires, and their mere presence tends to warp fire suppression strategies because fire agencies must protect lives and property threatened by fires rather than “back off” and build fire lines around fire perimeters.
Carl C. Wilson (1979a), Chief of Division of Forest and Fire Research, USFS/Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station
Human presence in mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions has differed markedly in the length of human occupation; however, there are remarkable similarities in how early inhabitants altered fire regimes and how modern societies deal with the fire hazard. Here we draw on the history of human impacts outlined in the regional reviews (see Chapters 4–8), the problems created by nineteenth and twentieth century management practices, and conclude with twenty-first century problems and future options. As discussed throughout this book, MTC ecosystems are highly fire adapted but, as illustrated here, contemporary societies have not fully adapted to balancing fire hazard risk and resource needs on these landscapes.
Early Human Fire Use and Impacts
Fire has been a widely utilized management tool throughout the history of humankind (Pyne 1995). Early hunter–gatherers utilized fire to manage for plant and animal resources. Fire also played an important role in early domestication of crops as clearing off woody or other perennial vegetation would have required fire on many landscapes. With domestication of livestock it was an important tool for increasing forage.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139033091.016","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R.A., Pausas, J.G., and Rundel, P.W., 2011, Fire management of Mediterranean landscapes, chap. 13 of Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management, p. 349-387, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139033091.016.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"387","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fede4b0824b2d1479ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bond, William J.","contributorId":81621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradstock, Ross A.","contributorId":42826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradstock","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pausas, Juli G.","contributorId":91347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pausas","given":"Juli","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70190329,"text":"70190329 - 2011 - Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-27T10:47:12","indexId":"70190329","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay","docAbstract":"This paper describes the importance of wave-current interaction in an inlet-estuary system. The three-dimensional, fully coupled, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system was applied in Willapa Bay (Washington State) from 22 to 29 October 1998 that included a large storm event. To represent the interaction between waves and currents, the vortex-force method was used. Model results were compared with water elevations, currents, and wave measurements obtained by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. In general, a good agreement between field data and computed results was achieved, although some discrepancies were also observed in regard to wave peak directions in the most upstream station. Several numerical experiments that considered different forcing terms were run in order to identify the effects of each wind, tide, and wave-current interaction process. Comparison of the horizontal momentum balances results identified that wave-breaking-induced acceleration is one of the leading terms in the inlet area. The enhancement of the apparent bed roughness caused by waves also affected the values and distribution of the bottom shear stress. The pressure gradient showed significant changes with respect to the pure tidal case. During storm conditions the momentum balance in the inlet shares the characteristics of tidal-dominated and wave-dominated surf zone environments. The changes in the momentum balance caused by waves were manifested both in water level and current variations. The most relevant effect on hydrodynamics was a wave-induced setup in the inner part of the estuary.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2011JC007387","usgsCitation":"Olabarrieta, M., Warner, J., and Kumar, N., 2011, Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 116, no. C12, Article C12014; 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007387.","productDescription":"Article C12014; 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-023116","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4991","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.31658418182218\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"C12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a3da31e4b077f005673229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olabarrieta, Maitane 0000-0002-7619-7992 molabarrieta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-7992","contributorId":81631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olabarrieta","given":"Maitane","email":"molabarrieta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, Nirnimesh","contributorId":102308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Nirnimesh","affiliations":[{"id":27143,"text":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192763,"text":"70192763 - 2011 - Coal resources for the Chemard Lake (Naborton No. 2) coal zone of the lower Wilcox group (Paleocene), northwestern Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:44:00.587484","indexId":"70192763","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"6","title":"Coal resources for the Chemard Lake (Naborton No. 2) coal zone of the lower Wilcox group (Paleocene), northwestern Louisiana","docAbstract":"The lower part of the Wilcox Group of northwest Louisiana contains shallow (less than 500 ft) coal deposits that are mined for use in mine-mouth electric power-generating plants. The coal deposits, which are lignite A in apparent rank (Pierce et al., 2011), occur on the eastern part of the Sabine uplift (Figure 1). The coal zones and associated strata in the assessment area generally dip away from the axis of the Red River-Bull Bayou dome that is located in the north-central part of the Louisiana Sabine assessment area (Figure 1). This assessment area includes parts of four parishes: De Soto, Red River, Natchitoches, and Sabine (Figure 2). The assessment area was selected because of its proximity to current mining areas and the availability of stratigraphic data in the area. The assessment area is roughly 60 miles long and 15 miles wide and generally extends across the central-eastern part of the Sabine uplift in northwest Louisiana (Figure 2). More than 950 stratigraphic records from rotary and core drill holes were used to assess the coal resources of the Louisiana Sabine area. Of these, 210 are public data points and are located in or near the areas that have been permitted or proposed for surface mining (Figure 2; Appendix 1). Most of the stratigraphic data used for this assessment were provided to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on a confidential basis by various coal companies for use in regional studies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Podwysocki, S.M., and Schultz, A.C., 2011, Coal resources for the Chemard Lake (Naborton No. 2) coal zone of the lower Wilcox group (Paleocene), northwestern Louisiana, chap. 6 of Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 109-127.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-020033","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research 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\"}}]}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743588e4b0a9a2e9e25cc1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726423,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X 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pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Podwysocki, Steven M.","contributorId":90352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysocki","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schultz, Adam C.","contributorId":82752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035621,"text":"70035621 - 2011 - Innate immune response development in nestling tree swallows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T21:29:33.666168","indexId":"70035621","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Innate immune response development in nestling tree swallows","docAbstract":"We tracked the development of innate immunity in nestling Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and compared it to that of adults using blood drawn from nestlings during days 6, 12, and 18 of the ∼20-day nestling period and from adults. Innate immunity was characterized using an in vitro assay of the ability of whole blood to kill Escherichia coli. The ability of whole blood to kill E. coli increased as nestlings matured. Neither this component of innate immunity nor right wing chord length on day18 were as developed as in adults indicating that development of the innate immune system and growth both continued after fledging. Narrow sense heritability analyses suggest that females with strong immune responses produced nestlings with strong immune responses. These data suggest nestling Tree Swallows allocated sufficient energy to support rapid growth to enable fledging by day 18, but that further development of innate immunity occurred post-fledging.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1676/10-197.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Stambaugh, T., Houdek, B., Lombardo, M., Thorpe, P., and Hahn, C., 2011, Innate immune response development in nestling tree swallows: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 123, no. 4, p. 779-787, https://doi.org/10.1676/10-197.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"787","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/10-197.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Allendale","otherGeospatial":"Grand Valley State University","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.96973419189453,\n 42.95692504577836\n ],\n [\n -85.94098091125487,\n 42.95692504577836\n ],\n [\n -85.94098091125487,\n 42.981293052538355\n ],\n [\n -85.96973419189453,\n 42.981293052538355\n ],\n [\n -85.96973419189453,\n 42.95692504577836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bfae4b0c8380cd6298c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stambaugh, T.","contributorId":6448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stambaugh","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houdek, B.J.","contributorId":32004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houdek","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lombardo, M.P.","contributorId":56060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombardo","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorpe, P.A.","contributorId":21363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorpe","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hahn, Caldwell 0000-0002-5242-2059 chahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":3203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"Caldwell","email":"chahn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034845,"text":"70034845 - 2011 - ASTER spectral analysis and lithologic mapping of the Khanneshin carbonatite volcano, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T15:12:45","indexId":"70034845","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ASTER spectral analysis and lithologic mapping of the Khanneshin carbonatite volcano, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"Advanced Spaceborne Thermal and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data of the early Quaternary Khanneshin carbonatite volcano located in southern Afghanistan were used to identify carbonate rocks within the volcano and to distinguish them from Neogene ferruginous polymict sandstone and argillite. The carbonatitic rocks are characterized by diagnostic CO3 absorption near 11.2 μm and 2.31–2.33 μm, whereas the sandstone, argillite, and adjacent alluvial deposits exhibit intense Si-O absorption near 8.7 μm caused mainly by quartz and Al-OH absorption near 2.20 μm due to muscovite and illite.
Calcitic carbonatite was distinguished from ankeritic carbonatite in the short wave infrared (SWIR) region of the ASTER data due to a slight shift of the CO3 absorption feature toward 2.26 μm (ASTER band 7) in the ankeritic carbonatite spectra. Spectral assessment using ASTER SWIR data suggests that the area is covered by extensive carbonatite flows that contain calcite, ankerite, and muscovite, though some areas mapped as ankeritic carbonatite on a preexisting geologic map were not identified in the ASTER data. A contact aureole shown on the geologic map was defined using an ASTER false color composite image (R = 6, G = 3, B = 1) and a logical operator byte image. The contact aureole rocks exhibit Fe2+, Al-OH, and Fe, Mg-OH spectral absorption features at 1.65, 2.2, and 2.33 μm, respectively, which suggest that the contact aureole rocks contain muscovite, epidote, and chlorite. The contact aureole rocks were mapped using an Interactive Data Language (IDL) logical operator.
A visible through short wave infrared (VNIR-SWIR) mineral and rock-type map based on matched filter, band ratio, and logical operator analysis illustrates: (1) laterally extensive calcitic carbonatite that covers most of the crater and areas northeast of the crater; (2) ankeritic carbonatite located southeast and north of the crater and some small deposits located within the crater; (3) agglomerate that primarily covers the inside rim of the crater and a small area west of the crater; (4) a crater rim that consists mostly of epidote-chlorite-muscovite–rich metamorphosed argillite and sandstone; and (5) iron (Fe3+) and muscovite-illite–rich rocks and iron-rich eolian sands surrounding the western part of the volcano. The thermal infrared (TIR) rock-type map illustrates laterally extensive carbonatitic and mafic rocks surrounded by quartz-rich eolian and fluvial reworked sediments. In addition, the combination of VNIR, SWIR, and TIR data complement one another in that the TIR data illustrate more laterally extensive rock types and the VNIR-SWIR data distinguish more specific varieties of rocks and mineral mixtures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00630.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Mars, J., and Rowan, L.C., 2011, ASTER spectral analysis and lithologic mapping of the Khanneshin carbonatite volcano, Afghanistan: Geosphere, v. 7, no. 1, p. 276-289, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00630.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"276","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-022104","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475075,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00630.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215579,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00630.1"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e638e4b0c8380cd47274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mars, John C. jmars@usgs.gov","contributorId":127493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"John C.","email":"jmars@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":58629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034650,"text":"70034650 - 2011 - Sex-related differences in habitat associations of wintering American Kestrels in California's Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T16:45:27.655447","indexId":"70034650","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex-related differences in habitat associations of wintering American Kestrels in California's Central Valley","docAbstract":"We used roadside survey data collected from 19 routes over three consecutive winters from 2007–08 to 2009–10 to compare habitat associations of male and female American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) in the Central Valley of California to determine if segregation by sex was evident across this region. As a species, American Kestrels showed positive associations with alfalfa and other forage crops like hay and winter wheat, as well as grassland, irrigated pasture, and rice. Habitat associations of females were similar, with female densities in all these habitats except rice significantly higher than average. Male American Kestrels showed a positive association only with grassland and were present at densities well below those of females in alfalfa, other forage crops, and grassland. Males were present in higher densities than females in most habitats with negative associations for the species, such as orchards, urbanized areas, and oak savannah. The ratio of females to males for each route was positively correlated with the overall density of American Kestrels on that route. Our findings that females seem to occupy higher quality habitats in winter are consistent with observations from elsewhere in North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3356/JRR-10-66.1","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Pandolfino, E., Herzog, M., and Smith, Z., 2011, Sex-related differences in habitat associations of wintering American Kestrels in California's Central Valley: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 45, no. 3, p. 236-243, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-10-66.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"243","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475446,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-10-66.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215952,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3356/JRR-10-66.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.234375,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -117.42187500000001,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -123.31054687499999,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 35.782170703266075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8dafe4b08c986b3184d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pandolfino, E.R.","contributorId":65299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pandolfino","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, M.P.","contributorId":37865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Z.","contributorId":53192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034846,"text":"70034846 - 2011 - Stationarity: Wanted dead or alive?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-10T20:24:42.329471","indexId":"70034846","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stationarity: Wanted dead or alive?","docAbstract":"Aligning engineering practice with natural process behavior would appear, on its face, to be a prudent and reasonable course of action. However, if we do not understand the long‐term characteristics of hydroclimatic processes, how does one find the prudent and reasonable course needed for water management? We consider this question in light of three aspects of existing and unresolved issues affecting hydroclimatic variability and statistical inference: Hurst‐Kolmogorov phenomena; the complications long‐term persistence introduces with respect to statistical understanding; and the dependence of process understanding on arbitrary sampling choices. These problems are not easily addressed. In such circumstances, humility may be more important than physics; a simple model with well‐understood flaws may be preferable to a sophisticated model whose correspondence to reality is uncertain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00542.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., and Cohn, T., 2011, Stationarity: Wanted dead or alive?: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 3, p. 475-480, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00542.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"480","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215612,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00542.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96fde4b08c986b31b806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035618,"text":"70035618 - 2011 - Sphaeridiotrema globulus and Sphaeridiotrema pseudoglobulus (Digenea): Species differentiation based on mtDNA (Barcode) and partial LSUrDNA sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T16:04:55.080624","indexId":"70035618","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sphaeridiotrema globulus and Sphaeridiotrema pseudoglobulus (Digenea): Species differentiation based on mtDNA (Barcode) andpartial LSUrDNA sequences","title":"Sphaeridiotrema globulus and Sphaeridiotrema pseudoglobulus (Digenea): Species differentiation based on mtDNA (Barcode) and partial LSUrDNA sequences","docAbstract":"Flukes belonging to Sphaeridiotrema are important parasites of waterfowl, and 2 morphologically similar species Sphaeridiotrema globulus and Sphaeridiotrema pseudoglobulus, have been implicated in waterfowl mortality in North America. Cytochrome oxidase I (barcode region) and partial LSU-rDNA sequences from specimens of S. globulus and S. pseudoglobulus, obtained from naturally and experimentally infected hosts from New Jersey and Quebec, respectively, confirmed that these species were distinct. Barcode sequences of the 2 species differed at 92 of 590 nucleotide positions (15.6%) and the translated sequences differed by 13 amino acid residues. Partial LSU-rDNA sequences differed at 29 of 1,208 nucleotide positions (2.4%). Additional barcode sequences from specimens collected from waterfowl in Wisconsin and Minnesota and morphometric data obtained from specimens acquired along the north shore of Lake Superior revealed the presence of S. pseudoglobulus in these areas. Although morphometric data suggested the presence of S. globulus in the Lake Superior sample, it was not found among the specimens sequenced from Wisconsin or Minnesota.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/GE-2370.1","usgsCitation":"Bergmame, L., Huffman, J., Cole, R.A., Dayanandan, S., Tkach, V., and McLaughlin, J., 2011, Sphaeridiotrema globulus and Sphaeridiotrema pseudoglobulus (Digenea): Species differentiation based on mtDNA (Barcode) and partial LSUrDNA sequences: Journal of Parasitology, v. 97, no. 6, p. 1132-1136, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2370.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1132","endPage":"1136","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -87.78076171875,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -87.86865234374999,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 46.027481852486645\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 46.392411189814645\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 47.97521412341618\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 48.23930899024907\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 48.356249029540734\n ],\n [\n -92.35107421874999,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -92.59277343749999,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -93.31787109374999,\n 48.647427805533546\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -94.68017578125,\n 48.76343113791796\n ],\n [\n -94.7900390625,\n 49.31079887964633\n ],\n [\n -95.00976562499999,\n 49.33944093715546\n ],\n [\n -95.16357421875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -97.22900390625,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 47.724544549099676\n ],\n [\n -96.78955078125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 45.29034662473613\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 43.5326204268101\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 42.94033923363181\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 42.61779143282346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95c1e4b08c986b31b0db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergmame, L.","contributorId":73848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergmame","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, J.","contributorId":80114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dayanandan, S.","contributorId":20181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dayanandan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tkach, V.","contributorId":10248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tkach","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McLaughlin, J.D.","contributorId":96116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034962,"text":"70034962 - 2011 - Micropaleontologic record of Quaternary paleoenvironments in the Central Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-03T20:51:31.213254","indexId":"70034962","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Micropaleontologic record of Quaternary paleoenvironments in the Central Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"To understand the temporal and spatial variation of eustatic sea-level fluctuations, glacio–hydro–isostacy, tectonics, subsidence, geologic environments and sedimentation patterns for the Quaternary of a passive continental margin, a nearly complete stratigraphic record that is fully integrated with a three dimensional chronostratigraphic framework, and paleoenvironmental information are necessary. The Albemarle Embayment, a Cenozoic regional depositional basin in eastern North Carolina located on the southeast Atlantic coast of the USA, is an ideal setting to unravel these dynamic, interrelated processes.
Micropaleontological data, coupled with sedimentologic, chronostratigraphic and seismic data provide the bases for detailed interpretations of paleoenvironmental evolution and paleoclimates in the 90 m thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment. The data presented here come from a transect of cores drilled through a barrier island complex in the central Albemarle Embayment. This area sits in a ramp-like setting between late Pleistocene incised valleys.
The data document the episodic infilling of the Albemarle Embayment throughout the Quaternary as a series of transgressive–regressive (T–R) cycles, characterized by inner shelf, midshelf, and shoreface assemblages, that overlie remnants of fluvial to estuarine valley-fill. Barrier island and marginal marine deposits have a low preservation potential. Inner to mid-shelf deposits of the early Pleistocene are overlain by similar middle Pleistocene shelf sediments in the south of the study area but entirely by inner shelf deposits in the north. Late Pleistocene marine sediments are of inner shelf origin and Holocene deposits are marginal marine in nature. Pleistocene marine sediments are incised, particularly in the northern half of the embayment by lowstand paleovalleys, partly filled by fluvial/floodplain deposits and in some cases, overlain by remnants of transgressive estuarine sediments. The shallowing through time of Quaternary sediments reflects the eastward progradational geometry of the continental shelf.
The preservation potential of marginal marine deposits (barrier island, shoreface, backbarrier deposits) is not high, except in topographic lows associated with late Pleistocene paleovalleys and inlets because the current interglacial highstand has not yet reached its highest level. Given the documented increase in rate of relative sea-level rise in this region, shallow marine conditions are likely to return to the central Albemarle Embayment in the near future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.004","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Culver, S., Farrell, K.M., Mallinson, D., Willard, D.A., Horton, B.P., Riggs, S., Thieler, E.R., Wehmiller, J.F., Parham, P., Snyder, S.W., and Hillier, C., 2011, Micropaleontologic record of Quaternary paleoenvironments in the Central Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A.: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 305, no. 1-4, p. 227-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.004.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"249","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.462890625,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -76.025390625,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -84.462890625,\n 35.02999636902566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"305","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a568de4b0c8380cd6d684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culver, Stephen J.","contributorId":79331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrell, Kathleen M.","contributorId":64476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mallinson, David J.","contributorId":74222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riggs, Stanley R.","contributorId":25983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"Stanley R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thieler, E. 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