Groundwater can be an important source of nutrients and energy to aquatic ecosystems, but quantifying the inputs and biogeochemical importance remains challenging. A series of submerged groundwater vents in northern Lake Huron were examined to determine the linkage between groundwater nutrients and aquatic food webs. We collected samples of key food-web components from groundwater vent and reference habitats and analyzed them for 13C, 15N, and 34S isotopes. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the groundwater was depleted in 13C, while aqueous sulfate was enriched in 34S (mean differences between groundwater and reference sites were –3.9‰ and +12.0‰, respectively). Benthic primary producers, macroinvertebrates, and benthivorous fish had significantly lower δ13C values in groundwater environments, and benthivorous fish were somewhat depleted (–2.5‰) in δ34S at groundwater sites compared to reference sites. However, δ15N values were not different between groundwater and reference sites, and pelagic components of the ecosystems (plankton and planktivorous and piscivorous fish) were similar in both δ13C and δ15N. These data suggest benthic metazoan communities surrounding groundwater vents are partially linked to groundwater-derived benthic primary production, while planktivorous and piscivorous communities not directly associated with the benthos do not rely on groundwater nutrients.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/ab00318","issn":"18647782","usgsCitation":"Garrison, S.T., Biddanda, B., Stricker, C.A., and Nold, S., 2011, Benthic macroinvertebrate and fish communities in Lake Huron are linked to submerged groundwater vents: Aquatic Biology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00318.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00318","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.1552734375,\n 46.5286346952717\n ],\n [\n -84.638671875,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -84.4189453125,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -84.0234375,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -82.1337890625,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -84.1552734375,\n 46.5286346952717\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0c0e4b0c8380cd4a8c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, Sanders T.","contributorId":69811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Sanders","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biddanda, B.A.","contributorId":92881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biddanda","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nold, S.C.","contributorId":30479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nold","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034626,"text":"70034626 - 2011 - Habitat use and movement of the endangered Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T19:41:27.823515","indexId":"70034626","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and movement of the endangered Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal southern California","docAbstract":"Information on the habitat use and movement patterns of Arroyo Toads (Anaxyrus californicus) is limited. The temporal and spatial characteristics of terrestrial habitat use, especially as it relates to upland use in coastal areas of the species' range, are poorly understood. We present analyses of radiotelemetry data from 40 individual adult toads tracked at a single site in coastal southern California from March through November of 2004. We quantify adult Arroyo Toad habitat use and movements and interpret results in the context of their life history. We show concentrated activity by both male and female toads along stream terraces during and after breeding, and, although our fall sample size is low, the continued presence of adult toads in the floodplain through the late fall. Adult toads used open sandy flats with sparse vegetation. Home-range size and movement frequency varied as a function of body mass. Observed spatial patterns of movement and habitat use both during and outside of the breeding period as well as available climatological data suggest that overwintering of toads in floodplain habitats of near-coastal areas of southern California may be more common than previously considered. If adult toads are not migrating out of the floodplain at the close of the breeding season but instead overwinter on stream terraces in near-coastal areas, then current management practices that assume toad absence from floodplain habitats may be leaving adult toads over-wintering on stream terraces vulnerable to human disturbance during a time of year when Arroyo Toad mortality is potentially highest.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1670/10-160.1","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Mitrovich, M., Gallegos, E., Lyren, L., Lovich, R., and Fisher, R., 2011, Habitat use and movement of the endangered Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal southern California: Journal of Herpetology, v. 45, no. 3, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1670/10-160.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215627,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/10-160.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Califorina","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.74572753906249,\n 32.63012300670739\n ],\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 32.667124733120325\n ],\n [\n -117.3504638671875,\n 34.00258128543371\n ],\n [\n -120.11352539062499,\n 35.092945313732635\n ],\n [\n -120.2783203125,\n 34.42956713470528\n ],\n [\n -118.74572753906249,\n 32.63012300670739\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f33e4b0c8380cd5cb98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitrovich, M.J.","contributorId":43166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitrovich","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallegos, E.A.","contributorId":100634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyren, L.M.","contributorId":11983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyren","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lovich, R.E.","contributorId":98251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035776,"text":"70035776 - 2011 - Estimation of land surface evapotranspiration with A satellite remote sensing procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:22:24","indexId":"70035776","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of land surface evapotranspiration with A satellite remote sensing procedure","docAbstract":"There are various methods available for estimating magnitude and trends of evapotranspiration. Bowen ratio energy balance system and eddy correlation techniques offer powerful alternatives for measuring land surface evapotranspiration. In spite of the elegance, high accuracy, and theoretical attractions of these techniques for measuring evapotranspiration, their practical use over large areas can be limited due to the number of sites needed and the related expense. Application of evapotranspiration mapping from satellite measurements can overcome the limitations. The objective of this study was to utilize the METRICTM (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution using Internalized Calibration) model in Great Plains environmental settings to understand water use in managed ecosystems on a regional scale. We investigated spatiotemporal distribution of a fraction of reference evapotranspiration (ETrF) using eight Landsat 5 images during the 2005 and 2006 growing season for path 29, row 32. The ETrF maps generated by METRICTM allowed us to follow the magnitude and trend in ETrF for major land-use classes during the growing season. The ETrF was lower early in the growing season for agricultural crops and gradually increased as the normalized difference vegetation index of crops increased, thus presenting more surface area over which water could transpire toward the midseason. Comparison of predictions with Bowen ratio energy balance system measurements at Clay Center, NE, showed that METRICTM performed well at the field scale for predicting evapotranspiration from a cornfield. If calibrated properly, the model could be a viable tool to estimate water use in managed ecosystems in subhumid climates at a large scale.
","language":"English","issn":"10525165","usgsCitation":"Irmak, A., Ratcliffe, I., Ranade, P., Hubbard, K., Singh, R.K., Kamble, B., and Kjaersgaard, J., 2011, Estimation of land surface evapotranspiration with A satellite remote sensing procedure: Great Plains Research, v. 21, no. 1, p. 73-88.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b96e4b0c8380cd527b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irmak, A.","contributorId":101473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irmak","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, I.","contributorId":69812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ranade, P.","contributorId":34744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranade","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubbard, K.G.","contributorId":74224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Singh, Ramesh K. 0000-0002-8164-3483","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-3483","contributorId":85424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"Ramesh","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kamble, B.","contributorId":30071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamble","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kjaersgaard, J.","contributorId":39608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjaersgaard","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034624,"text":"70034624 - 2011 - The Regionalization of National-Scale SPARROW Models for Stream Nutrients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T19:52:37.927023","indexId":"70034624","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Regionalization of National-Scale SPARROW Models for Stream Nutrients","docAbstract":"This analysis modifies the parsimonious specification of recently published total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) national‐scale SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes models to allow each model coefficient to vary geographically among three major river basins of the conterminous United States. Regionalization of the national models reduces the standard errors in the prediction of TN and TP loads, expressed as a percentage of the predicted load, by about 6 and 7%. We develop and apply a method for combining national‐scale and regional‐scale information to estimate a hybrid model that imposes cross‐region constraints that limit regional variation in model coefficients, effectively reducing the number of free model parameters as compared to a collection of independent regional models. The hybrid TN and TP regional models have improved model fit relative to the respective national models, reducing the standard error in the prediction of loads, expressed as a percentage of load, by about 5 and 4%. Only 19% of the TN hybrid model coefficients and just 2% of the TP hybrid model coefficients show evidence of substantial regional specificity (more than ±100% deviation from the national model estimate). The hybrid models have much greater precision in the estimated coefficients than do the unconstrained regional models, demonstrating the efficacy of pooling information across regions to improve regional models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00581.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Schwarz, G.E., Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., and Preston, S.D., 2011, The Regionalization of National-Scale SPARROW Models for Stream Nutrients: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1151-1172, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00581.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1172","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475374,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00581.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215596,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00581.x"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8b1e4b08c986b321db4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":213621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035778,"text":"70035778 - 2011 - Perceptions of strengths and deficiencies: Disconnects between graduate students and prospective employers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-10T19:30:35.098636","indexId":"70035778","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perceptions of strengths and deficiencies: Disconnects between graduate students and prospective employers","docAbstract":"The US Botanical Capacity Assessment Project (BCAP) was initiated as a first step to gauge the nation's collective ability to meet the environmental challenges of the 21st century. The project, in which the authors of this article are involved, specifically aimed to identify multisector contributions to and gaps in botanical capacity in order to develop growth opportunities to address research and management problems. One of the primary gaps revealed by the BCAP surveys was that the skills graduate students identified as their greatest strengths closely matched the areas future employers (government and private sectors) identified as needing greatest improvement. Although our survey focused on only one discipline (botany), we suspect that the results are applicable throughout the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. We suggest that it is critical for university faculty and administrators to team with professionals from government, nonprofit, and for-profit organizations to identify critical and desired knowledge and skill sets and implement the necessary curriculum changes to provide graduates with the tools they need.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.8","issn":"00063568","usgsCitation":"Sundberg, M., Deangelis, P., Havens, K., Holsinger, K., Kennedy, K., Kramer, A., Muir, R., Olwell, P., Schierenbeck, K., Stritch, L., and Zorn-Arnold, B., 2011, Perceptions of strengths and deficiencies: Disconnects between graduate students and prospective employers: BioScience, v. 61, no. 2, p. 133-138, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"138","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216432,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.8"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a766de4b0c8380cd780e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundberg, M.D.","contributorId":11445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundberg","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deangelis, P.","contributorId":17849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deangelis","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Havens, K.","contributorId":65691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havens","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holsinger, K.","contributorId":47999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holsinger","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennedy, K.","contributorId":62858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kramer, A.T.","contributorId":57293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muir, R.","contributorId":83357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Olwell, Peggy","contributorId":39609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olwell","given":"Peggy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schierenbeck, K.","contributorId":51574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schierenbeck","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stritch, L.","contributorId":28827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stritch","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zorn-Arnold, B.","contributorId":11446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zorn-Arnold","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70035781,"text":"70035781 - 2011 - Method for detecting moment connection fracture using high-frequency transients in recorded accelerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-10T19:16:27.491912","indexId":"70035781","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2232,"text":"Journal of Constructional Steel Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method for detecting moment connection fracture using high-frequency transients in recorded accelerations","docAbstract":"The 1994 Northridge earthquake caused brittle fractures in steel moment frame building connections, despite causing little visible building damage in most cases. Future strong earthquakes are likely to cause similar damage to the many un-retrofitted pre-Northridge buildings in the western US and elsewhere. Without obvious permanent building deformation, costly intrusive inspections are currently the only way to determine if major fracture damage that compromises building safety has occurred. Building instrumentation has the potential to provide engineers and owners with timely information on fracture occurrence. Structural dynamics theory predicts and scale model experiments have demonstrated that sudden, large changes in structure properties caused by moment connection fractures will cause transient dynamic response. A method is proposed for detecting the building-wide level of connection fracture damage, based on observing high-frequency, fracture-induced transient dynamic responses in strong motion accelerograms. High-frequency transients are short (<1 s), sudden-onset waveforms with frequency content above 25 Hz that are visually apparent in recorded accelerations. Strong motion data and damage information from intrusive inspections collected from 24 sparsely instrumented buildings following the 1994 Northridge earthquake are used to evaluate the proposed method. The method’s overall success rate for this data set is 67%, but this rate varies significantly with damage level. The method performs reasonably well in detecting significant fracture damage and in identifying cases with no damage, but fails in cases with few fractures. Combining the method with other damage indicators and removing records with excessive noise improves the ability to detect the level of damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.11.002","issn":"0143974X","usgsCitation":"Rodgers, J., and Celebi, M., 2011, Method for detecting moment connection fracture using high-frequency transients in recorded accelerations: Journal of Constructional Steel Research, v. 67, no. 3, p. 293-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.11.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"307","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216464,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.11.002"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a554ce4b0c8380cd6d1a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodgers, J.E.","contributorId":99069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034627,"text":"70034627 - 2011 - A probabilistic seismic risk assessment procedure for nuclear power plants: (I) Methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-15T11:58:08.696407","indexId":"70034627","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8133,"text":"Nuclear Engineering and Design","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A probabilistic seismic risk assessment procedure for nuclear power plants: (I) Methodology","docAbstract":"A new procedure for probabilistic seismic risk assessment of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is proposed. This procedure modifies the current procedures using tools developed recently for performance-based earthquake engineering of buildings. The proposed procedure uses (a) response-based fragility curves to represent the capacity of structural and nonstructural components of NPPs, (b) nonlinear response-history analysis to characterize the demands on those components, and (c) Monte Carlo simulations to determine the damage state of the components. The use of response-rather than ground-motion-based fragility curves enables the curves to be independent of seismic hazard and closely related to component capacity. The use of Monte Carlo procedure enables the correlation in the responses of components to be directly included in the risk assessment. An example of the methodology is presented in a companion paper to demonstrate its use and provide the technical basis for aspects of the methodology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.06.051","issn":"00295493","usgsCitation":"Huang, Y., Whittaker, A., and Luco, N., 2011, A probabilistic seismic risk assessment procedure for nuclear power plants: (I) Methodology: Nuclear Engineering and Design, v. 241, no. 9, p. 3996-4003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.06.051.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3996","endPage":"4003","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"241","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e508e4b0c8380cd46a9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Y.-N.","contributorId":98860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Y.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittaker, A.S.","contributorId":8596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittaker","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luco, N.","contributorId":34240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036162,"text":"70036162 - 2011 - Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T17:23:38","indexId":"70036162","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA","docAbstract":"The effects of Pleistocene cold-climate geomorphology are distributed across the weathered and eroded Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain uplands from the Wisconsinan terminal moraine south to Tidewater Virginia. Cold-climate deposits and landscape modifications are superimposed on antecedent landscapes of old, weathered Neogene upland gravels and Pleistocene marine terraces that had been built during warm periods and sea-level highstands. In New Jersey, sequences of surficial deposits define a long history of repeating climate change events. To the south across the Delmarva Peninsula and southern Maryland, most antecedent topography has been obscured by Late Pleistocene surficial deposits. These are spatially variable and are collectively described as a cold-climate alloformation. The cold-climate alloformation includes time-transgressive details of climate deterioration from at least marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 through the end of MIS 2. Some deposits and landforms within the alloformation may be as young as the Younger Dryas. Southwards along the trend of the Potomac River, these deposits and their climatic affinities become diffused. In Virginia, a continuum of erosion and surficial deposits appears to be the product of ‘normal’ temperate, climate-forced processes. The cold-climate alloformation and more temperate deposits in Virginia are being partly covered by Holocene alluvium and bay mud.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society, London","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1144/SP354.17","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Newell, W.L., and Dejong, B., 2011, Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 354, p. 259-276, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP354.17.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"276","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218248,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP354.17"},{"id":246241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"354","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a7e4b0c8380cd4cc2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, Wayne L. wnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":99114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne","email":"wnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dejong, B.D.","contributorId":96126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dejong","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035870,"text":"70035870 - 2011 - Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:07:06","indexId":"70035870","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3197,"text":"Prostate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions","docAbstract":"There are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome.
We obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n = 80). Case–control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se.
Patients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 µg/g vs. 111 µg/g; P = 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 µg/g vs. 346 µg/g; P = 0.04) concentrations in the normal-appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences in cadmium (0.489 µg/g vs. 0.439 µg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 µg/g vs. 1.58 µg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non-recurrences (P = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively).
There is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley ","doi":"10.1002/pros.21339","issn":"02704137","usgsCitation":"Sarafanov, A., Todorov, T., Centeno, J., MacIas, V., Gao, W., Liang, W., Beam, C., Gray, M.A., and Kajdacsy-Balla, A., 2011, Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions: Prostate, v. 71, no. 11, p. 1231-1238, https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.21339.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1238","ipdsId":"IP-024814","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216410,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pros.21339"}],"volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f5ee4b0c8380cd7f705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarafanov, A.G.","contributorId":85418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarafanov","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todorov, T.I.","contributorId":10995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorov","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Centeno, J.A.","contributorId":73806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacIas, V.","contributorId":107114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacIas","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gao, W.","contributorId":42031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liang, W.-M.","contributorId":54430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"W.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beam, C.","contributorId":66092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beam","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gray, Marion A.","contributorId":193926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Marion","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kajdacsy-Balla, A.","contributorId":81319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kajdacsy-Balla","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70036583,"text":"70036583 - 2011 - The use (and misuse) of sediment traps in coral reef environments: Theory, observations, and suggested protocols","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T09:09:53","indexId":"70036583","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use (and misuse) of sediment traps in coral reef environments: Theory, observations, and suggested protocols","docAbstract":"Sediment traps are commonly used as standard tools for monitoring “sedimentation” in coral reef environments. In much of the literature where sediment traps were used to measure the effects of “sedimentation” on corals, it is clear from deployment descriptions and interpretations of the resulting data that information derived from sediment traps has frequently been misinterpreted or misapplied. Despite their widespread use in this setting, sediment traps do not provide quantitative information about “sedimentation” on coral surfaces. Traps can provide useful information about the relative magnitude of sediment dynamics if trap deployment standards are used. This conclusion is based first on a brief review of the state of knowledge of sediment trap dynamics, which has primarily focused on traps deployed high above the seabed in relatively deep water, followed by our understanding of near-bed sediment dynamics in shallow-water environments that characterize coral reefs. This overview is followed by the first synthesis of near-bed sediment trap data collected with concurrent hydrodynamic information in coral reef environments. This collective information is utilized to develop nine protocols for using sediment traps in coral reef environments, which focus on trap parameters that researchers can control such as trap height (H), trap mouth diameter (D), the height of the trap mouth above the substrate (z o ), and the spacing between traps. The hydrodynamic behavior of sediment traps and the limitations of data derived from these traps should be forefront when interpreting sediment trap data to infer sediment transport processes in coral reef environments.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00338-010-0705-3","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Field, M., and Bothner, M., 2011, The use (and misuse) of sediment traps in coral reef environments: Theory, observations, and suggested protocols: Coral Reefs, v. 30, no. 1, p. 23-38, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0705-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475297,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0705-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb157e4b08c986b3252df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035919,"text":"70035919 - 2011 - Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T18:34:32.277423","indexId":"70035919","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians","docAbstract":"Spatial scale is an important consideration when managing forest wildlife habitat, and models can be used to improve our understanding of these habitats at relevant scales. Our objectives were to determine whether stand- or microhabitat-scale variables better predicted bird metrics (diversity, species presence, and abundance) and to examine breeding bird response to clearcut size and age in a highly forested landscape. In 2004–2007, vegetation data were collected from 62 even-aged stands that were 3.6–34.6 ha in size and harvested in 1963–1990 on the Monongahela National Forest, WV, USA. In 2005–2007, we also surveyed birds at vegetation plots. We used classification and regression trees to model breeding bird habitat use with a suite of stand and microhabitat variables. Among stand variables, elevation, stand age, and stand size were most commonly retained as important variables in guild and species models. Among microhabitat variables, medium-sized tree density and tree species diversity most commonly predicted bird presence or abundance. Early successional and generalist bird presence, abundance, and diversity were better predicted by microhabitat variables than stand variables. Thus, more intensive field sampling may be required to predict habitat use for these species, and management may be needed at a finer scale. Conversely, stand-level variables had greater utility in predicting late-successional species occurrence and abundance; thus management decisions and modeling at this scale may be suitable in areas with a uniform landscape, such as our study area. Our study suggests that late-successional breeding bird diversity can be maximized long-term by including harvests >10 ha in size into our study area and by increasing tree diversity. Some harvesting will need to be incorporated regularly, because after 15 years, the study stands did not provide habitat for most early successional breeding specialists.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"McDermott, M., Wood, P.B., Miller, G., and Simpson, B., 2011, Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 261, no. 3, p. 373-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"380","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020"}],"volume":"261","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81aae4b0c8380cd7b66a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDermott, M.E.","contributorId":42793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDermott","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, G.W.","contributorId":92377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, B.T.","contributorId":53193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034664,"text":"70034664 - 2011 - The efficacy of salvage logging in reducing subsequent fire severity in conifer-dominated forests of Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T15:27:51.954056","indexId":"70034664","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The efficacy of salvage logging in reducing subsequent fire severity in conifer-dominated forests of Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"Although primarily used to mitigate economic losses following disturbance, salvage logging has also been justified on the basis of reducing fire risk and fire severity; however, its ability to achieve these secondary objectives remains unclear. The patchiness resulting from a sequence of recent disturbances—blowdown, salvage logging, and wildfire—provided an excellent opportunity to assess the impacts of blowdown and salvage logging on wildfire severity. We used two fire‐severity assessments (tree‐crown and forest‐floor characteristics) to compare post‐wildfire conditions among three treatment combinations (Blowdown–Salvage–Fire, Blowdown–Fire, and Fire only). Our results suggest that salvage logging reduced the intensity (heat released) of the subsequent fire. However, its effect on severity (impact to the system) differed between the tree crowns and forest floor: tree‐crown indices suggest that salvage logging decreased fire severity (albeit with modest statistical support), while forest‐floor indices suggest that salvage logging increased fire severity. We attribute the latter finding to the greater exposure of mineral soil caused by logging operations; once exposed, soils are more likely to register the damaging effects of fire, even if fire intensity is not extreme. These results highlight the important distinction between fire intensity and severity when formulating post‐disturbance management prescriptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/11-0380.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Fraver, S., Jain, T., Bradford, J., D’Amato, A., Kastendick, D., Palik, B., Shinneman, D., and Stanovick, J., 2011, The efficacy of salvage logging in reducing subsequent fire severity in conifer-dominated forests of Minnesota, USA: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1895-1901, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0380.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1895","endPage":"1901","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475403,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0380.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215693,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0380.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Gunflint Corridor of the Superior National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 47.724544549099676\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 47.29413372501023\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 47.17477833929903\n ],\n [\n -89.31884765624999,\n 47.945786463687185\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 48.23930899024907\n ],\n [\n -92.43896484375,\n 48.44377831058802\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 48.60385760823255\n ],\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 47.724544549099676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babb5e4b08c986b323006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraver, S.","contributorId":93718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraver","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jain, T.","contributorId":92509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jain","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, J.B.","contributorId":62036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"D’Amato, A.W.","contributorId":86577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Amato","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kastendick, D.","contributorId":36380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastendick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Palik, B.","contributorId":68977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palik","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shinneman, D.","contributorId":17844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stanovick, J.","contributorId":62428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanovick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70035874,"text":"70035874 - 2011 - An experimental analysis of harmful algae-zooplankton interactions and the ultimate defense","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T20:46:47.389828","indexId":"70035874","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An experimental analysis of harmful algae-zooplankton interactions and the ultimate defense","docAbstract":"WWe examined effects of the invasive, toxigenic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum on grazing rates, feeding behaviors, and life‐history characteristics of clonal lineages of three daphniid zooplankton species. Grazing experiments revealed similar clearance rates for P. parvum and a common green alga. Behavioral observations revealed no significant effects of P. parvum on daphniid feeding behaviors after 30 min, but major declines in appendage beat rates after 1 h. Chronic exposure (10 d) to P. parvum resulted in severe reductions in daphniid growth rates, age at first reproduction, fecundity, and survivorship at densities as low as 7750 cells mL−1. Thus, in addition to direct fish mortality during P. parvum blooms of 50,000–200,000 cells mL−1, the entire food web of an invaded system may be subjected to potentially severe negative consequences even at nonbloom densities of P. parvum.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0461","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Remmel, E., Kohmescher, N., Larson, J.H., and Hambright, K.D., 2011, An experimental analysis of harmful algae-zooplankton interactions and the ultimate defense: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 56, no. 2, p. 461-470, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0461.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"470","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475120,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0461","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216470,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0461"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea63e4b0c8380cd48820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remmel, E.J.","contributorId":89747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remmel","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kohmescher, N.","contributorId":86996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohmescher","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hambright, K. D.","contributorId":25793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hambright","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034840,"text":"70034840 - 2011 - Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T13:07:41","indexId":"70034840","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler","docAbstract":"A negative bias in discharge measurements made with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) can be caused by the movement of sediment on or near the streambed. The integration of a global positioning system (GPS) to track the movement of the ADCP can be used to avoid the systematic negative bias associated with a moving streambed. More than 500 discharge transects from 63 discharge measurements with GPS data were collected at sites throughout the US, Canada, and New Zealand with no moving bed to compare GPS and bottom-track-referenced discharges. Although the data indicated some statistical bias depending on site conditions and type of GPS data used, these biases were typically about 0.5% or less. An assessment of differential correction sources was limited by a lack of data collected in a range of different correction sources and different GPS receivers at the same sites. Despite this limitation, the data indicate that the use of Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) corrected positional data is acceptable for discharge measurements using GGA as the boat-velocity reference. The discharge data based on GPS-referenced boat velocities from the VTG data string, which does not require differential correction, were comparable to the discharges based on GPS-referenced boat velocities from the differentially-corrected GGA data string. Spatial variability of measure discharges referenced to GGA, VTG and bottom-tracking is higher near the channel banks. The spatial variability of VTG-referenced discharges is correlated with the spatial distribution of maximum Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) values and the spatial variability of GGA-referenced discharges is correlated with proximity to channel banks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.02.025","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C., and Mueller, D.S., 2011, Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler: Journal of Hydrology, v. 401, no. 3-4, p. 250-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.02.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"401","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f853e4b0c8380cd4d015","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036145,"text":"70036145 - 2011 - Constraints on the long-period moment-dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T18:28:49.065243","indexId":"70036145","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the long-period moment-dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake","docAbstract":"Since the work of Kanamori and Given (1981), it has been recognized that shallow, pure dip‐slip earthquakes excite long‐period surface waves such that it is difficult to independently constrain the moment (M0) and the dip (δ) of the source mechanism, with only the product M0 sin(2δ) being well constrained. Because of this, it is often assumed that the primary discrepancies between the moments of shallow, thrust earthquakes are due to this moment‐dip tradeoff. In this work, we quantify how severe this moment‐dip tradeoff is depending on the depth of the earthquake, the station distribution, the closeness of the mechanism to pure dip‐slip, and the quality of the data. We find that both long‐period Rayleigh and Love wave modes have moment‐dip resolving power even for shallow events, especially when stations are close to certain azimuths with respect to mechanism strike and when source depth is well determined. We apply these results to USGS W phase inversions of the recent M9.0 Tohoku, Japan earthquake and estimate the likely uncertainties in dip and moment associated with the moment‐ dip tradeoff. After discussing some of the important sources of moment and dip error, we suggest two methods for potentially improving this uncertainty.
","largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049129","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Tsai, V., Hayes, G.P., and Duputel, Z., 2011, Constraints on the long-period moment-dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 20, L00G17, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049129.","productDescription":"L00G17, 6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475422,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218481,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049129"}],"volume":"38","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0ee4b0c8380cd4d8ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsai, V.C.","contributorId":41661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duputel, Z.","contributorId":37587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duputel","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036146,"text":"70036146 - 2011 - Evaluation of a black-footed ferret resource utilization function model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T17:49:53.699457","indexId":"70036146","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a black-footed ferret resource utilization function model","docAbstract":"Resource utilization function (RUF) models permit evaluation of potential habitat for endangered species; ideally such models should be evaluated before use in management decision‐making. We evaluated the predictive capabilities of a previously developed black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) RUF. Using the population‐level RUF, generated from ferret observations at an adjacent yet distinct colony, we predicted the distribution of ferrets within a black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colony in the Conata Basin, South Dakota, USA. We evaluated model performance, using data collected during post‐breeding spotlight surveys (2007–2008) by assessing model agreement via weighted compositional analysis and count‐metrics. Compositional analysis of home range use and colony‐level availability, and core area use and home range availability, demonstrated ferret selection of the predicted Very high and High occurrence categories in 2007 and 2008. Simple count‐metrics corroborated these findings and suggested selection of the Very high category in 2007 and the Very high and High categories in 2008. Collectively, these results suggested that the RUF was useful in predicting occurrence and intensity of space use of ferrets at our study site, the 2 objectives of the RUF. Application of this validated RUF would increase the resolution of habitat evaluations, permitting prediction of the distribution of ferrets within distinct colonies. Additional model evaluation at other sites, on other black‐tailed prairie dog colonies of varying resource configuration and size, would increase understanding of influences upon model performance and the general utility of the RUF.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.130","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Millspaugh, J., Biggins, D.E., Jachowski, D., and Livieri, T., 2011, Evaluation of a black-footed ferret resource utilization function model: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 5, p. 1155-1163, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.130.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1155","endPage":"1163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218482,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.130"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Buffalo Gap National Grasslands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.55712890625,\n 42.99661231842139\n ],\n [\n -101.392822265625,\n 42.99661231842139\n ],\n [\n -101.392822265625,\n 44.28453670601888\n ],\n [\n -103.55712890625,\n 44.28453670601888\n ],\n [\n -103.55712890625,\n 42.99661231842139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c2be4b0c8380cd52a72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, D.A.","contributorId":68973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, J.J.","contributorId":99105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jachowski, D.S.","contributorId":67309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Livieri, T.M.","contributorId":96910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034904,"text":"70034904 - 2011 - Conservation in the face of climate change: The roles of alternative models, monitoring, and adaptation in confronting and reducing uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T21:03:51.911092","indexId":"70034904","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation in the face of climate change: The roles of alternative models, monitoring, and adaptation in confronting and reducing uncertainty","docAbstract":"The broad physical and biological principles behind climate change and its potential large scale ecological impacts on biota are fairly well understood, although likely responses of biotic communities at fine spatio-temporal scales are not, limiting the ability of conservation programs to respond effectively to climate change outside the range of human experience. Much of the climate debate has focused on attempts to resolve key uncertainties in a hypothesis-testing framework. However, conservation decisions cannot await resolution of these scientific issues and instead must proceed in the face of uncertainty. We suggest that conservation should precede in an adaptive management framework, in which decisions are guided by predictions under multiple, plausible hypotheses about climate impacts. Under this plan, monitoring is used to evaluate the response of the system to climate drivers, and management actions (perhaps experimental) are used to confront testable predictions with data, in turn providing feedback for future decision making. We illustrate these principles with the problem of mitigating the effects of climate change on terrestrial bird communities in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.019","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M., Runge, M.C., Nichols, J.D., Stodola, K., and Cooper, R., 2011, Conservation in the face of climate change: The roles of alternative models, monitoring, and adaptation in confronting and reducing uncertainty: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 4, p. 1204-1213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.019.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1204","endPage":"1213","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.019"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Southern Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9dde4b0c8380cd4d815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stodola, K.W.","contributorId":19804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stodola","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034905,"text":"70034905 - 2011 - Multiscale site-response mapping: A case study of Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034905","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiscale site-response mapping: A case study of Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"The scale of previously proposed methods for mapping site-response ranges from global coverage down to individual urban regions. Typically, spatial coverage and accuracy are inversely related.We use the densely spaced strong-motion stations in Parkfield, California, to estimate the accuracy of different site-response mapping methods and demonstrate a method for integrating multiple site-response estimates from the site to the global scale. This method is simply a weighted mean of a suite of different estimates, where the weights are the inverse of the variance of the individual estimates. Thus, the dominant site-response model varies in space as a function of the accuracy of the different models. For mapping applications, site-response models should be judged in terms of both spatial coverage and the degree of correlation with observed amplifications. Performance varies with period, but in general the Parkfield data show that: (1) where a velocity profile is available, the square-rootof- impedance (SRI) method outperforms the measured VS30 (30 m divided by the S-wave travel time to 30 m depth) and (2) where velocity profiles are unavailable, the topographic slope method outperforms surficial geology for short periods, but geology outperforms slope at longer periods. We develop new equations to estimate site response from topographic slope, derived from the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) database.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120100211","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Thompson, E., Baise, L., Kayen, R.E., Morgan, E., and Kaklamanos, J., 2011, Multiscale site-response mapping: A case study of Parkfield, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 3, p. 1081-1100, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100211.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1100","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120100211"},{"id":243867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a609ce4b0c8380cd71597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, E.M.","contributorId":104688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baise, L.G.","contributorId":6239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baise","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, E.C.","contributorId":66509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaklamanos, J.","contributorId":38383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaklamanos","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035086,"text":"70035086 - 2011 - A wavelength-dependent visible and infrared spectrophotometric function for the Moon based on ROLO data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-01T21:01:09.545734","indexId":"70035086","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A wavelength-dependent visible and infrared spectrophotometric function for the Moon based on ROLO data","docAbstract":"The USGS's Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) dedicated ground‐based lunar calibration project obtained photometric observations of the Moon over the spectral range attainable from Earth (0.347–2.39 μm) and over solar phase angles of 1.55°–97°. From these observations, we derived empirical lunar surface solar phase functions for both the highlands and maria that can be used for a wide range of applications. The functions can be used to correct for the effects of viewing geometry to produce lunar mosaics, spectra, and quick‐look products for future lunar missions and ground‐based observations. Our methodology can be used for a wide range of objects for which multiply scattered radiation is not significant, including all but the very brightest asteroids and moons.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003724","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Buratti, B.J., Hicks, M., Nettles, J., Staid, M., Pieters, C., Sunshine, J., Boardman, J., and Stone, T., 2011, A wavelength-dependent visible and infrared spectrophotometric function for the Moon based on ROLO data: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 4, E00G03, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003724.","productDescription":"E00G03, 8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475176,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003724","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215448,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003724"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e61ce4b0c8380cd47180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hicks, M.D.","contributorId":7045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nettles, J.","contributorId":108340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nettles","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staid, M.","contributorId":68561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pieters, C.M.","contributorId":48733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieters","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sunshine, J.","contributorId":19812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sunshine","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boardman, J.","contributorId":74184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stone, Thomas C. tstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":3176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Thomas C.","email":"tstone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":449227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70036147,"text":"70036147 - 2011 - The application of prototype point processes for the summary and description of California wildfires","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T13:22:30.851704","indexId":"70036147","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2477,"text":"Journal of Time Series Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of prototype point processes for the summary and description of California wildfires","docAbstract":"A method for summarizing repeated realizations of a space‐time marked point process, known as prototyping, is discussed and applied to catalogues of wildfires in California. Prototype summaries are constructed for varying time intervals using California wildfire data from 1990 to 2006. Previous work on prototypes for temporal and space‐time point processes is extended here to include methods for computing prototypes with marks and the incorporation of prototype summaries into hierarchical clustering algorithms, the latter of which is used to delineate fire seasons in California. Other results include summaries of patterns in the spatial‐temporal distribution of wildfires within each wildfire season.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9892.2011.00734.x","issn":"01439782","usgsCitation":"Nichols, K., Schoenberg, F., Keeley, J.E., Bray, A., and Diez, D., 2011, The application of prototype point processes for the summary and description of California wildfires: Journal of Time Series Analysis, v. 32, no. 4, p. 420-429, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.2011.00734.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"420","endPage":"429","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.2011.00734.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9c5e4b08c986b3224d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, K.","contributorId":46286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenberg, F.P.","contributorId":56438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenberg","given":"F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bray, A.","contributorId":17459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diez, D.","contributorId":14236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diez","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036150,"text":"70036150 - 2011 - Mapping the distribution of materials in hyperspectral data using the USGS Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm (MICA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T21:05:33.609315","indexId":"70036150","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping the distribution of materials in hyperspectral data using the USGS Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm (MICA)","docAbstract":"Identifying materials by measuring and analyzing their reflectance spectra has been an important method in analytical chemistry for decades. Airborne and space-based imaging spectrometers allow scientists to detect materials and map their distributions across the landscape. With new satellite-borne hyperspectral sensors planned for the future, for example, HYSPIRI (HYPerspectral InfraRed Imager), robust methods are needed to fully exploit the information content of hyperspectral remote sensing data. A method of identifying and mapping materials using spectral feature based analysis of reflectance data in an expert-system framework called MICA (Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm) is described in this paper. The core concepts and calculations of MICA are presented. A MICA command file has been developed and applied to map minerals in the full-country coverage of the 2007 Afghanistan HyMap hyperspectral data.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2011","conferenceDate":"July 24-29, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, BC","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049370","isbn":"9781457710056","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R.F., King, T.V., and Hoefen, T.M., 2011, Mapping the distribution of materials in hyperspectral data using the USGS Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm (MICA), in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Vancouver, BC, July 24-29, 2011, p. 1569-1572, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049370.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1569","endPage":"1572","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475426,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1272791","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218544,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049370"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a507fe4b0c8380cd6b70d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":205165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, T. V. V.","contributorId":6192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034661,"text":"70034661 - 2011 - Breeding chorus indices are weakly related to estimated abundance of boreal chorus frogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T23:34:08","indexId":"70034661","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding chorus indices are weakly related to estimated abundance of boreal chorus frogs","docAbstract":"Call surveys used to monitor breeding choruses of anuran amphibians generate index values that are frequently used to represent the number of male frogs present, but few studies have quantified this relationship. We compared abundance of male Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata), estimated using capture–recapture methods in two populations in Colorado, to call index values derived from automated recordings. Single index values, such as might result from large monitoring efforts, were unrelated to population size. A synthetic call saturation index (CSI), the daily proportion of the maximum possible sum of index values derived from multiple recordings, was greater in larger populations, but the relationship was not highly predictive.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","publisherLocation":"http://www.asih.org","doi":"10.1643/CH-10-190","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., Muths, E., Kissel, A., and Scherer, R.D., 2011, Breeding chorus indices are weakly related to estimated abundance of boreal chorus frogs: Copeia, v. 2011, no. 3, p. 365-371, https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-10-190.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"371","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CH-10-190"},{"id":243447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2011","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f26be4b0c8380cd4b176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kissel, A.M.","contributorId":72673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kissel","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034906,"text":"70034906 - 2011 - Dispersal and behavior of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T20:40:08.694304","indexId":"70034906","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":860,"text":"Aquatic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Dispersal and behavior of Pacific halibut hippoglossus stenolepis in the Bering Sea and Aleutian islands region","title":"Dispersal and behavior of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region","docAbstract":"Currently, it is assumed that eastern Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis belong to a single, fully mixed population extending from California through the Bering Sea, in which adult halibut disperse randomly throughout their range during their lifetime. However, we hypothesize that halibut dispersal is more complex than currently assumed and is not spatially random. To test this hypothesis, we studied the seasonal dispersal and behavior of Pacific halibut in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI). Pop-up Archival Transmitting tags attached to halibut (82 to 154 cm fork length) during the summer provided no evidence that individuals moved out of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region into the Gulf of Alaska during the mid-winter spawning season, supporting the concept that this region contains a separate spawning group of adult halibut. There was evidence for geographically localized groups of halibut along the Aleutian Island chain, as all of the individuals tagged there displayed residency, with their movements possibly impeded by tidal currents in the passes between islands. Mid-winter aggregation areas of halibut are assumed to be spawning grounds, of which 2 were previously unidentified and extend the species’ presumed spawning range ~1000 km west and ~600 km north of the nearest documented spawning area. If there are indeed independent spawning groups of Pacific halibut in the BSAI, their dynamics may vary sufficiently from those of the Gulf of Alaska, so that specifically accounting for their relative segregation and unique dynamics within the larger population model will be necessary for correctly predicting how these components may respond to fishing pressure and changing environmental conditions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/ab00333","issn":"18647782","usgsCitation":"Seitz, A., Loher, T., Norcross, B.L., and Nielsen, J.L., 2011, Dispersal and behavior of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region: Aquatic Biology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 225-239, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00333.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"239","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475205,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00333","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216029,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00333"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.82421875,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -159.521484375,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -159.521484375,\n 59.489726035537075\n ],\n [\n -179.82421875,\n 59.489726035537075\n ],\n [\n -179.82421875,\n 49.83798245308484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0217e4b0c8380cd4fe9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seitz, A.C.","contributorId":71756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seitz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loher, Timothy","contributorId":26130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loher","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33614,"text":"International Pacific Halibut Comission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norcross, Brenda L.","contributorId":21497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norcross","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036076,"text":"70036076 - 2011 - Using multilevel spatial models to understand salamander site occupancy patterns after wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T21:09:59.046297","indexId":"70036076","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multilevel spatial models to understand salamander site occupancy patterns after wildfire","docAbstract":"Studies of the distribution of elusive forest wildlife have suffered from the confounding of true presence with the uncertainty of detection. Occupancy modeling, which incorporates probabilities of species detection conditional on presence, is an emerging approach for reducing observation bias. However, the current likelihood modeling framework is restrictive for handling unexplained sources of variation in the response that may occur when there are dependence structures such as smaller sampling units that are nested within larger sampling units. We used multilevel Bayesian occupancy modeling to handle dependence structures and to partition sources of variation in occupancy of sites by terrestrial salamanders (family Plethodontidae) within and surrounding an earlier wildfire in western Oregon, USA. Comparison of model fit favored a spatial N‐mixture model that accounted for variation in salamander abundance over models that were based on binary detection/non‐detection data. Though catch per unit effort was higher in burned areas than unburned, there was strong support that this pattern was due to a higher probability of capture for individuals in burned plots. Within the burn, the odds of capturing an individual given it was present were 2.06 times the odds outside the burn, reflecting reduced complexity of ground cover in the burn. There was weak support that true occupancy was lower within the burned area. While the odds of occupancy in the burn were 0.49 times the odds outside the burn among the five species, the magnitude of variation attributed to the burn was small in comparison to variation attributed to other landscape variables and to unexplained, spatially autocorrelated random variation. While ordinary occupancy models may separate the biological pattern of interest from variation in detection probability when all sources of variation are known, the addition of random effects structures for unexplained sources of variation in occupancy and detection probability may often more appropriately represent levels of uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/10-0322.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Chelgren, N., Adams, M.J., Bailey, L., and Bury, R.B., 2011, Using multilevel spatial models to understand salamander site occupancy patterns after wildfire: Ecology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 408-421, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0322.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"421","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NP23CB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Terrestrial salamander captures after the 2003 Clark Fire, Willamette National Forest, OR"},{"id":246389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc076e4b08c986b32a137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan 0000-0003-0944-9165 nchelgren@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-9165","contributorId":3134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"nchelgren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036040,"text":"70036040 - 2011 - King eider foraging effort during the pre-breeding period in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T15:07:54","indexId":"70036040","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"King eider foraging effort during the pre-breeding period in Alaska","docAbstract":"For reproduction, many arctic-nesting migratory birds rely on nutrients obtained on the breeding grounds, so they devote sufficient time to foraging immediately prior to nesting. However, little is known about the increase in foraging effort necessary to meet the energetic requirements of reproduction. In early June 2006 and 2008, we quantified the proportion of time spent foraging before breeding by a large sea duck, the King Eider (Somateria spectabilis), on its breeding grounds in northern Alaska. During >235 hours of behavioral observations, both male and female King Eiders spent >50% of the day loafing (resting, sleeping, comfort behavior, or being alert). Females foraged on average 30% of the time (mean 7.2 hr day-1,95% CI 6.0-8.4 hr day-1), three times as much as males (9%; 2.3 hr day-1, 95% CI 1.5–2.8 hr day-1). The most common prey in ponds where the eiders foraged were chironomid larvae and worms ranging in length from 1 to 30 mm. If the King Eider's daily energy expenditure on its breeding grounds is similar to values published for related species, it would need to ingest only 0.2–0.6 g dry mass of invertebrates per minute of foraging to meet its energetic requirements. Males did not lose body mass before breeding, and we assume that their foraging effort was sufficient for energy balance. Therefore, female King Eiders appear to triple their foraging effort over maintenance requirements to meet the energetic challenges of egg formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.100077","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Oppel, S., Powell, A., and Butler, M.G., 2011, King eider foraging effort during the pre-breeding period in Alaska: The Condor, v. 113, no. 1, p. 52-60, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100077.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010185","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100077","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Teshekpuk Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.63006591796875,\n 70.73713606397892\n ],\n [\n -153.80859375,\n 70.72988591524016\n ],\n [\n -154.28375244140625,\n 70.66997194739635\n ],\n [\n -154.29473876953125,\n 70.63084074307123\n ],\n [\n -154.017333984375,\n 70.5166542267795\n ],\n [\n -153.7811279296875,\n 70.44599357427724\n ],\n [\n -153.47625732421875,\n 70.388919086429\n ],\n [\n -153.072509765625,\n 70.37969854837256\n ],\n [\n -152.7703857421875,\n 70.45518417747193\n ],\n [\n -152.6934814453125,\n 70.55874991779058\n ],\n [\n -153.0450439453125,\n 70.65269079937718\n ],\n [\n -153.63006591796875,\n 70.73713606397892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40aee4b0c8380cd64f70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oppel, Steffen","contributorId":44432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppel","given":"Steffen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. abby_powell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby N.","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, Malcolm G.","contributorId":56188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12813,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}