{"pageNumber":"1796","pageRowStart":"44875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70036302,"text":"70036302 - 2011 - Exploring geophysical processes influencing U.S. West Coast precipitation and water supply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036302","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring geophysical processes influencing U.S. West Coast precipitation and water supply","docAbstract":"CalWater Science Workshop; La Jolla, California, 8-10 June 2011 CalWater is a multiyear, multiagency research project with two primary research themes: the effects of changing climate on atmospheric rivers (ARs) and associated extreme events, and the potential role of aerosols in modulating cloud properties and precipitation, especially regarding orographic precipitation and water supply. Advances made in CalWater have implications for both water supply and flood control in California and other West Coast areas, both in the near term and in a changing climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011EO410010","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Ralph, F., Prather, K., and Cayan, D., 2011, Exploring geophysical processes influencing U.S. West Coast precipitation and water supply: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 41, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO410010.","startPage":"352","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO410010"},{"id":246509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e24e4b0c8380cd532fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralph, F.M.","contributorId":39174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prather, K.","contributorId":56899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prather","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036521,"text":"70036521 - 2011 - Moments, magnitudes, and radiated energies of non-volcanic tremor near Cholame, CA, from ground motion spectra at UPSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T11:50:52","indexId":"70036521","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moments, magnitudes, and radiated energies of non-volcanic tremor near Cholame, CA, from ground motion spectra at UPSAR","docAbstract":"By averaging the spectra of events within two episodes of tremor (on Jan. 21 and 24, 2005) across the 12 stations of UPSAR, we improved the S/N sufficiently to define source spectra. Analysis of eleven impulsive events revealed attenuation-corrected spectra of displacement similar to those of earthquakes, with a low-frequency plateau, a corner frequency, and a high frequency decay proportional to <i>f</i><sup>−2</sup>. Seismic moments, M<sub>0</sub>, estimated from these spectra range from about 3 to 10 × 10<sup>11</sup> N-m or moment magnitudes in the range 1.6 to 1.9. The corner frequencies range from 2.6 to 7.2 Hz and, if interpreted in the same way as for earthquakes, indicate low stress drops that vary from 0.001 to 0.04 MPa. Seismic energies, estimated from the ground motion spectra, vary from 0.2 × 10<sup>5</sup> to 4.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> J, or apparent stresses in the range 0.002 to 0.02 MPa. The low stress parameters are consistent with a weak fault zone in the lower crust at the depth of tremor. In contrast, the same analysis on a micro-earthquake, located near Cholame (depth = 10.3 km), revealed a stress drop of 0.5 MPa and an apparent stress of 0.02 MPa. Residual spectra from <i>ω</i><sup>−2</sup> model fits to the displacement spectra of the non-volcanic tremor events show peaks near 4 Hz that are not apparent in the spectra for the microearthquake nor for the spectrum of earth noise. These spectral peaks may indicate that tremor entails more than shear failure reminiscent of mechanisms, possibly entailing fluid flow, associated with volcanic tremor or deep volcanic earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GL048636","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.B., and McGarr, A., 2011, Moments, magnitudes, and radiated energies of non-volcanic tremor near Cholame, CA, from ground motion spectra at UPSAR: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048636.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475289,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl048636","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217697,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048636"},{"id":245657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d4fe4b0c8380cd702d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032227,"text":"70032227 - 2011 - Second California Assessment: Integrated climate change impacts assessment of natural and managed systems. Guest editorial","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032227","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Second California Assessment: Integrated climate change impacts assessment of natural and managed systems. Guest editorial","docAbstract":"Since 2006 the scientific community in California, in cooperation with resource managers, has been conducting periodic statewide studies about the potential impacts of climate change on natural and managed systems. This Special Issue is a compilation of revised papers that originate from the most recent assessment that concluded in 2009. As with the 2006 studies that influenced the passage of California's landmark Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32), these papers have informed policy formulation at the state level, helping bring climate adaptation as a complementary measure to mitigation. We provide here a brief introduction to the papers included in this Special Issue focusing on how they are coordinated and support each other. We describe the common set of downscaled climate and sea-level rise scenarios used in this assessment that came from six different global climate models (GCMs) run under two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios: B1 (low emissions) and A2 (a medium-high emissions). Recommendations for future state assessments, some of which are being implemented in an on-going new assessment that will be completed in 2012, are offered. ?? 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0318-z","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Franco, G., Cayan, D., Moser, S., Hanemann, M., and Jones, M., 2011, Second California Assessment: Integrated climate change impacts assessment of natural and managed systems. Guest editorial: Climatic Change, v. 109, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0318-z.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0318-z"},{"id":242612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8906e4b08c986b316cc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franco, G.","contributorId":11842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franco","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moser, S.","contributorId":64047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanemann, M.","contributorId":35558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanemann","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, M. A.","contributorId":37736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036520,"text":"70036520 - 2011 - M3 spectral analysis of lunar swirls and the link between optical maturation and surface hydroxyl formation at magnetic anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T11:37:37","indexId":"70036520","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"M<sup>3</sup> spectral analysis of lunar swirls and the link between optical maturation and surface hydroxyl formation at magnetic anomalies","title":"M3 spectral analysis of lunar swirls and the link between optical maturation and surface hydroxyl formation at magnetic anomalies","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined the lunar swirls using data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M</span><sup>3</sup><span>). The improved spectral and spatial resolution of M</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>over previous spectral imaging data facilitates distinction of subtle spectral differences, and provides new information about the nature of these enigmatic features. We characterized spectral features of the swirls, interswirl regions (dark lanes), and surrounding terrain for each of three focus regions: Reiner Gamma, Gerasimovich, and Mare Ingenii. We used Principle Component Analysis to identify spectrally distinct surfaces at each focus region, and characterize the spectral features that distinguish them. We compared spectra from small, recent impact craters with the mature soils into which they penetrated to examine differences in maturation trends on- and off-swirl. Fresh, on-swirl crater spectra are higher albedo, exhibit a wider range in albedos and have well-preserved mafic absorption features compared with fresh off-swirl craters. Albedoand mafic absorptions are still evident in undisturbed, on-swirl surface soils, suggesting the maturation process is retarded. The spectral continuum is more concave compared with off-swirl spectra; a result of the limited spectral reddening being mostly constrained to wavelengths less than ∼1500 nm. Off-swirl spectra show very little reddening or change in continuum shape across the entire M</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>spectral range. Off-swirl spectra are dark, have attenuated absorption features, and the narrow range in off-swirl albedos suggests off-swirl regions mature rapidly. Spectral parameter maps depicting the relative OH surface abundance for each of our three swirl focus regions were created using the depth of the hydroxyl absorption feature at 2.82<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>μ</i><span>m. For each of the studied regions, the 2.82<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>μ</i><span>m absorption feature is significantly weaker on-swirl than off-swirl, indicating the swirls are depleted in OH relative to their surroundings. The spectral characteristics of the swirls and adjacent terrains from all three focus regions support the hypothesis that the magnetic anomalies deflect solar wind ions away from the swirls and onto off-swirl surfaces. Nanophase iron (npFe</span><sup>0</sup><span>) is largely responsible for the spectral characteristics we attribute to space weathering and maturation, and is created by vaporization/deposition by micrometeorite impacts and sputtering/reduction by solar wind ions. On the swirls, the decreased proton flux slows the spectral effects of space weathering (relative to nonswirl regions) by limiting the npFe</span><sup>0</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>production mechanism almost exclusively to micrometeoroid impact vaporization/deposition. Immediately adjacent to the swirls, maturation is accelerated by the increased flux of protons deflected from the swirls.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003729","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kramer, G., Besse, S., Dhingra, D., Nettles, J., Klima, R., Garrick-Bethell, I., Clark, R.N., Combe, J.#., Head, J.W., Taylor, L., Pieters, C., Boardman, J., and McCord, T.B., 2011, M3 spectral analysis of lunar swirls and the link between optical maturation and surface hydroxyl formation at magnetic anomalies: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 9, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003729.","productDescription":"E00G18; 20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-029082","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217696,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003729"}],"volume":"116","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aa9e4b0c8380cd68f3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, G.Y.","contributorId":44761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"G.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Besse, S.","contributorId":79330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besse","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dhingra, D.","contributorId":16681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dhingra","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nettles, J.","contributorId":108340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nettles","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klima, R.","contributorId":37570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klima","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garrick-Bethell, I.","contributorId":91719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrick-Bethell","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Combe, J. #NAME?","contributorId":37982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Combe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Head, J. W. III","contributorId":106267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Taylor, L.A.","contributorId":14160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pieters, C.M.","contributorId":48733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieters","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Boardman, J.","contributorId":74184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70036502,"text":"70036502 - 2011 - Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:11:04","indexId":"70036502","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California","title":"Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oocysts of the protozoan pathogen&nbsp;</span><i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>are of particular concern for riverbank filtration (RBF) operations because of their persistence, ubiquity, and resistance to chlorine disinfection. At the Russian River RBF site (Sonoma County, CA), transport of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C. parvum</i><span>oocysts and oocyst-sized (3 μm) carboxylate-modified microspheres through poorly sorted (sorting indices, σ</span><sub>1</sub><span>, up to 3.0) and geochemically heterogeneous sediments collected between 2 and 25 m below land surface (bls) were assessed. Removal was highly sensitive to variations in both the quantity of extractable metals (mainly Fe and Al) and degree of grain sorting. In flow-through columns, there was a log–linear relationship (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.82 at<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.002) between collision efficiency (α, the probability that colloidal collisions with grain surfaces would result in attachment) and extractable metals, and a linear relationship (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.99 at<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.002) between α and σ</span><sub>1</sub><span>. Collectively, variability in extractable metals and grain sorting accounted for ∼83% of the variability in α (at<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.0002) along the depth profiles. Amendments of 2.2 mg L</span><sup>–1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of Russian River dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reduced α for oocysts by 4–5 fold. The highly reactive hydrophobic organic acid (HPOA) fraction was particularly effective in re-entraining sediment-attached microspheres. However, the transport-enhancing effects of the riverine DOC did not appear to penetrate very deeply into the underlying sediments, judging from high α values (∼1.0) observed for oocysts being advected through unamended sediments collected at ∼2 m bls. This study suggests that in evaluating the efficacy of RBF operations to remove oocysts, it may be necessary to consider not only the geochemical nature and size distribution of the sediment grains, but also the degrees of sediment sorting and the concentration, reactivity, and penetration of the source water DOC.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es200544p","usgsCitation":"Metge, D., Harvey, R., Aiken, G., Anders, R., Lincoln, G., Jasperse, J., and Hill, M.C., 2011, Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 13, p. 5587-5595, https://doi.org/10.1021/es200544p.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5587","endPage":"5595","ipdsId":"IP-027485","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.811,38.8423],[-122.809,38.8378],[-122.805,38.838],[-122.799,38.8395],[-122.796,38.8386],[-122.794,38.8369],[-122.775,38.8224],[-122.763,38.8118],[-122.758,38.8093],[-122.746,38.8018],[-122.749,38.7909],[-122.744,38.786],[-122.742,38.7843],[-122.739,38.7825],[-122.733,38.7745],[-122.728,38.7706],[-122.723,38.7607],[-122.718,38.7545],[-122.712,38.7533],[-122.708,38.7493],[-122.711,38.7434],[-122.71,38.7379],[-122.71,38.7343],[-122.703,38.7322],[-122.701,38.7296],[-122.699,38.7237],[-122.696,38.7184],[-122.693,38.7139],[-122.688,38.7104],[-122.677,38.7075],[-122.67,38.7091],[-122.659,38.7057],[-122.653,38.7067],[-122.649,38.7069],[-122.644,38.7038],[-122.632,38.681],[-122.625,38.6748],[-122.626,38.6675],[-122.623,38.6626],[-122.624,38.6535],[-122.633,38.6379],[-122.631,38.6298],[-122.627,38.6226],[-122.631,38.6203],[-122.637,38.6124],[-122.647,38.5999],[-122.63,38.5772],[-122.632,38.5703],[-122.626,38.5696],[-122.622,38.5688],[-122.618,38.5612],[-122.599,38.5589],[-122.582,38.5476],[-122.574,38.5382],[-122.566,38.5253],[-122.563,38.5249],[-122.547,38.5239],[-122.542,38.515],[-122.54,38.5092],[-122.542,38.5059],[-122.536,38.5006],[-122.543,38.4973],[-122.539,38.4892],[-122.534,38.4803],[-122.528,38.4714],[-122.522,38.4706],[-122.516,38.4712],[-122.507,38.4651],[-122.508,38.4587],[-122.503,38.4557],[-122.493,38.4559],[-122.486,38.4552],[-122.481,38.4521],[-122.482,38.443],[-122.486,38.4379],[-122.491,38.4337],[-122.495,38.4277],[-122.5,38.4231],[-122.487,38.4171],[-122.478,38.4109],[-122.471,38.4016],[-122.469,38.3948],[-122.465,38.3908],[-122.458,38.3865],[-122.453,38.3825],[-122.445,38.3773],[-122.448,38.3758],[-122.455,38.3734],[-122.456,38.3702],[-122.452,38.3639],[-122.444,38.3591],[-122.435,38.3553],[-122.429,38.3513],[-122.425,38.3469],[-122.421,38.3424],[-122.415,38.3381],[-122.412,38.3313],[-122.409,38.3237],[-122.406,38.3229],[-122.402,38.3143],[-122.396,38.3063],[-122.397,38.3045],[-122.403,38.3012],[-122.401,38.2935],[-122.401,38.2862],[-122.403,38.2826],[-122.401,38.2767],[-122.397,38.2732],[-122.389,38.2743],[-122.388,38.2734],[-122.391,38.2638],[-122.389,38.2607],[-122.387,38.2558],[-122.384,38.2518],[-122.376,38.2492],[-122.374,38.2465],[-122.373,38.2443],[-122.37,38.2448],[-122.368,38.2462],[-122.365,38.2463],[-122.362,38.2373],[-122.358,38.2229],[-122.357,38.212],[-122.354,38.2062],[-122.352,38.2035],[-122.351,38.1976],[-122.352,38.1963],[-122.353,38.194],[-122.36,38.1947],[-122.358,38.1861],[-122.361,38.1829],[-122.367,38.1841],[-122.37,38.18],[-122.368,38.1741],[-122.366,38.1692],[-122.366,38.1633],[-122.369,38.1564],[-122.379,38.1607],[-122.392,38.1622],[-122.403,38.1615],[-122.407,38.1573],[-122.404,38.1511],[-122.403,38.1509],[-122.398,38.1448],[-122.398,38.1447],[-122.399,38.1431],[-122.398,38.1403],[-122.399,38.1397],[-122.401,38.1375],[-122.406,38.1344],[-122.407,38.1336],[-122.408,38.1336],[-122.416,38.1303],[-122.417,38.1303],[-122.42,38.1286],[-122.422,38.1283],[-122.424,38.1272],[-122.427,38.1258],[-122.435,38.1214],[-122.439,38.1178],[-122.461,38.1158],[-122.465,38.1153],[-122.469,38.1153],[-122.469,38.115],[-122.475,38.1147],[-122.475,38.1144],[-122.48,38.1144],[-122.482,38.1136],[-122.491,38.1117],[-122.492,38.1119],[-122.496,38.1122],[-122.496,38.1125],[-122.51,38.1272],[-122.511,38.1275],[-122.513,38.1316],[-122.517,38.1375],[-122.518,38.1384],[-122.521,38.1429],[-122.538,38.1515],[-122.539,38.1524],[-122.545,38.1547],[-122.549,38.1551],[-122.554,38.1564],[-122.56,38.1594],[-122.559,38.1641],[-122.556,38.167],[-122.556,38.1691],[-122.562,38.1702],[-122.565,38.1714],[-122.566,38.1724],[-122.568,38.178],[-122.569,38.1839],[-122.572,38.1859],[-122.581,38.1817],[-122.586,38.1833],[-122.586,38.1845],[-122.588,38.1859],[-122.591,38.1866],[-122.594,38.1872],[-122.601,38.187],[-122.601,38.1843],[-122.603,38.184],[-122.608,38.1806],[-122.614,38.1823],[-122.617,38.1816],[-122.623,38.1819],[-122.626,38.1782],[-122.646,38.1823],[-122.656,38.1878],[-122.662,38.1901],[-122.675,38.192],[-122.682,38.1915],[-122.685,38.1925],[-122.687,38.1944],[-122.701,38.1958],[-122.707,38.1966],[-122.711,38.196],[-122.715,38.1982],[-122.721,38.2057],[-122.74,38.2071],[-122.819,38.2612],[-122.891,38.3104],[-122.903,38.3169],[-122.908,38.3145],[-122.911,38.3144],[-122.911,38.3176],[-122.912,38.3185],[-122.913,38.3189],[-122.916,38.3193],[-122.919,38.3178],[-122.92,38.3164],[-122.916,38.3129],[-122.922,38.3082],[-122.925,38.3127],[-122.935,38.3101],[-122.935,38.3142],[-122.938,38.315],[-122.94,38.3127],[-122.942,38.3117],[-122.95,38.3111],[-122.955,38.3146],[-122.962,38.3171],[-122.967,38.3169],[-122.971,38.3109],[-122.98,38.312],[-122.986,38.3087],[-122.994,38.3062],[-122.995,38.3003],[-123.003,38.2964],[-123.004,38.2966],[-123.01,38.3006],[-123.011,38.3007],[-123.014,38.3033],[-123.026,38.3103],[-123.037,38.3131],[-123.052,38.3081],[-123.052,38.3075],[-123.054,38.3058],[-123.055,38.3069],[-123.055,38.3086],[-123.053,38.3119],[-123.053,38.3122],[-123.052,38.3147],[-123.043,38.3153],[-123.043,38.3156],[-123.041,38.3161],[-123.041,38.3192],[-123.04,38.3194],[-123.04,38.3208],[-123.039,38.3231],[-123.042,38.3261],[-123.043,38.3261],[-123.048,38.33],[-123.048,38.3306],[-123.049,38.3325],[-123.051,38.3328],[-123.051,38.3325],[-123.052,38.3303],[-123.053,38.3297],[-123.053,38.3303],[-123.054,38.3344],[-123.06,38.3347],[-123.06,38.3339],[-123.057,38.3308],[-123.055,38.3194],[-123.055,38.3192],[-123.056,38.3147],[-123.057,38.3142],[-123.061,38.3117],[-123.059,38.3094],[-123.052,38.3015],[-123.052,38.3008],[-123.054,38.2986],[-123.056,38.2987],[-123.058,38.2975],[-123.058,38.2972],[-123.059,38.2981],[-123.06,38.2975],[-123.066,38.3039],[-123.066,38.3058],[-123.066,38.3061],[-123.07,38.3106],[-123.077,38.32],[-123.078,38.32],[-123.079,38.3228],[-123.079,38.3231],[-123.07,38.3308],[-123.069,38.3325],[-123.069,38.3344],[-123.068,38.3372],[-123.068,38.3458],[-123.068,38.3464],[-123.068,38.3472],[-123.068,38.3492],[-123.068,38.3503],[-123.067,38.3511],[-123.066,38.3511],[-123.066,38.3517],[-123.072,38.3647],[-123.074,38.3675],[-123.074,38.3678],[-123.076,38.3711],[-123.078,38.3725],[-123.079,38.3758],[-123.079,38.3764],[-123.082,38.3781],[-123.084,38.3844],[-123.085,38.3853],[-123.086,38.3894],[-123.091,38.3928],[-123.096,38.3947],[-123.096,38.3953],[-123.095,38.3969],[-123.095,38.3989],[-123.096,38.3992],[-123.096,38.4006],[-123.096,38.4011],[-123.1,38.4072],[-123.101,38.4106],[-123.103,38.4144],[-123.105,38.4153],[-123.106,38.4158],[-123.109,38.4189],[-123.109,38.4194],[-123.111,38.42],[-123.116,38.4228],[-123.116,38.4253],[-123.117,38.4261],[-123.117,38.4269],[-123.119,38.4283],[-123.12,38.4283],[-123.122,38.4292],[-123.121,38.4317],[-123.121,38.4331],[-123.122,38.4336],[-123.124,38.4403],[-123.132,38.4528],[-123.133,38.4536],[-123.138,38.4542],[-123.139,38.455],[-123.144,38.4575],[-123.147,38.4583],[-123.149,38.46],[-123.15,38.4606],[-123.151,38.4625],[-123.153,38.4642],[-123.154,38.4642],[-123.154,38.4636],[-123.155,38.4636],[-123.157,38.4658],[-123.159,38.4678],[-123.16,38.4678],[-123.161,38.4669],[-123.164,38.4689],[-123.164,38.4694],[-123.164,38.4719],[-123.173,38.4764],[-123.173,38.4767],[-123.175,38.4783],[-123.176,38.4792],[-123.179,38.4808],[-123.189,38.4872],[-123.191,38.4886],[-123.203,38.4939],[-123.209,38.4956],[-123.209,38.4953],[-123.213,38.4972],[-123.217,38.4986],[-123.217,38.4983],[-123.219,38.4983],[-123.219,38.4981],[-123.224,38.4989],[-123.224,38.4992],[-123.227,38.5011],[-123.228,38.5011],[-123.231,38.5022],[-123.232,38.5022],[-123.233,38.5039],[-123.232,38.5044],[-123.234,38.5053],[-123.235,38.5061],[-123.236,38.5078],[-123.238,38.5089],[-123.239,38.5092],[-123.239,38.5089],[-123.243,38.5103],[-123.246,38.5125],[-123.247,38.5125],[-123.249,38.5113],[-123.251,38.5095],[-123.252,38.51],[-123.256,38.5158],[-123.257,38.5158],[-123.259,38.5169],[-123.259,38.5175],[-123.263,38.5203],[-123.265,38.5222],[-123.267,38.5233],[-123.269,38.5236],[-123.269,38.5261],[-123.27,38.5289],[-123.271,38.5289],[-123.272,38.5308],[-123.274,38.5317],[-123.279,38.5306],[-123.28,38.5331],[-123.28,38.5353],[-123.283,38.5356],[-123.283,38.5364],[-123.287,38.539],[-123.291,38.5403],[-123.299,38.5442],[-123.305,38.5481],[-123.306,38.55],[-123.305,38.5542],[-123.309,38.5556],[-123.309,38.5553],[-123.318,38.5581],[-123.318,38.5586],[-123.323,38.5597],[-123.325,38.5611],[-123.325,38.5619],[-123.324,38.5625],[-123.327,38.5636],[-123.336,38.5672],[-123.34,38.5742],[-123.341,38.5777],[-123.34,38.5797],[-123.34,38.5818],[-123.341,38.5842],[-123.342,38.5867],[-123.342,38.5869],[-123.343,38.5881],[-123.345,38.59],[-123.346,38.5911],[-123.348,38.5931],[-123.349,38.5942],[-123.351,38.5958],[-123.353,38.5969],[-123.355,38.5978],[-123.356,38.5978],[-123.357,38.5969],[-123.359,38.595],[-123.36,38.5958],[-123.36,38.5963],[-123.363,38.6006],[-123.368,38.602],[-123.369,38.6025],[-123.372,38.6058],[-123.372,38.6061],[-123.371,38.6083],[-123.37,38.6139],[-123.372,38.6139],[-123.373,38.615],[-123.376,38.6167],[-123.378,38.6181],[-123.38,38.6211],[-123.384,38.625],[-123.388,38.6283],[-123.391,38.6347],[-123.395,38.6364],[-123.394,38.6394],[-123.394,38.6404],[-123.396,38.6403],[-123.396,38.6406],[-123.398,38.6419],[-123.399,38.6419],[-123.399,38.6425],[-123.402,38.6469],[-123.4,38.6467],[-123.4,38.6472],[-123.401,38.6486],[-123.402,38.6489],[-123.403,38.6486],[-123.408,38.6522],[-123.409,38.6528],[-123.41,38.6528],[-123.409,38.656],[-123.406,38.6567],[-123.411,38.6592],[-123.41,38.66],[-123.41,38.6614],[-123.41,38.6617],[-123.417,38.6669],[-123.417,38.6673],[-123.419,38.6711],[-123.421,38.6736],[-123.422,38.6736],[-123.423,38.6744],[-123.424,38.6744],[-123.425,38.6756],[-123.427,38.6767],[-123.428,38.6767],[-123.43,38.6783],[-123.431,38.6783],[-123.434,38.6794],[-123.432,38.6839],[-123.432,38.6847],[-123.434,38.6892],[-123.437,38.6919],[-123.439,38.6947],[-123.441,38.6969],[-123.441,38.6972],[-123.443,38.6994],[-123.447,38.7031],[-123.449,38.7025],[-123.451,38.7044],[-123.451,38.7036],[-123.452,38.7039],[-123.454,38.7046],[-123.454,38.7086],[-123.454,38.71],[-123.456,38.7117],[-123.461,38.7156],[-123.463,38.7172],[-123.469,38.7197],[-123.47,38.7203],[-123.488,38.7283],[-123.488,38.7286],[-123.491,38.7344],[-123.493,38.7344],[-123.495,38.7367],[-123.498,38.7372],[-123.499,38.7381],[-123.501,38.7381],[-123.501,38.7378],[-123.513,38.74],[-123.514,38.7406],[-123.516,38.7419],[-123.519,38.745],[-123.521,38.7481],[-123.526,38.7506],[-123.527,38.7514],[-123.532,38.76],[-123.531,38.7608],[-123.531,38.7617],[-123.524,38.7591],[-123.521,38.7596],[-123.518,38.7661],[-123.512,38.7676],[-123.509,38.7727],[-123.502,38.7743],[-123.5,38.7794],[-123.481,38.7786],[-123.424,38.7763],[-123.372,38.7775],[-123.37,38.8057],[-123.248,38.809],[-123.138,38.8091],[-123.139,38.8395],[-123.08,38.8385],[-123.08,38.8525],[-123.025,38.8523],[-122.999,38.8517],[-122.818,38.8503],[-122.815,38.8449],[-122.811,38.8423]]],[[[-122.4981,38.1109],[-122.4986,38.1107],[-122.4987,38.1108],[-122.4981,38.1109]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sonoma\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","volume":"45","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07c4e4b0c8380cd51812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lincoln, G.","contributorId":106336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lincoln","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jasperse, James","contributorId":64857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jasperse","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036348,"text":"70036348 - 2011 - Treading lightly on shifting ground: The direction and motivation of future geological research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70036348","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1582,"text":"Episodes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Treading lightly on shifting ground: The direction and motivation of future geological research","docAbstract":"The future of the geosciences and geological research will involve complex scientific challenges, primarily concerning global and regional environmental issues, in the next 20-30 years. It is quite reasonable to suspect, based on current political and socioeconomic events, that young geoscientists will be faced with and involved in helping to resolve some well defined problems: water and energy security, the effects of anthropogenic climate change, coastal sea level rise and development, and the mitigation of geohazards. It is how we choose to approach these challenges that will define our future. Interdisciplinary applied research, improved modeling and prediction augmented with faster and more sophisticated computing, and a greater role in creating and guiding public policy, will help us achieve our goals of a cleaner and safer Earth environment in the next 30 years. In the far future, even grander possibilities for eliminating the risk of certain geohazards and finding sustainable solutions to our energy needs can be envisioned. Looking deeper into the future, the possibilities for geoscience research push the limits of the imagination.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Episodes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07053797","usgsCitation":"Witt, A., 2011, Treading lightly on shifting ground: The direction and motivation of future geological research: Episodes, v. 34, no. 2, p. 78-81.","startPage":"78","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb78ce4b08c986b32733b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witt, A.C.","contributorId":26146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036703,"text":"70036703 - 2011 - Beaver assisted river valley formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T18:28:29.668747","indexId":"70036703","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beaver assisted river valley formation","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined how beaver dams affect key ecosystem processes, including pattern and process of sediment deposition, the composition and spatial pattern of vegetation, and nutrient loading and processing. We provide new evidence for the formation of heterogeneous beaver meadows on riverine system floodplains and terraces where dynamic flows are capable of breaching in‐channel beaver dams. Our data show a 1.7‐m high beaver dam triggered overbank flooding that drowned vegetation in areas deeply flooded, deposited nutrient‐rich sediment in a spatially heterogeneous pattern on the floodplain and terrace, and scoured soils in other areas. The site quickly de‐watered following the dam breach by high stream flows, protecting the deposited sediment from future re‐mobilization by overbank floods. Bare sediment either exposed by scouring or deposited by the beaver flood was quickly colonized by a spatially heterogeneous plant community, forming a beaver meadow. Many willow and some aspen seedlings established in the more heavily disturbed areas, suggesting the site may succeed to a willow carr plant community suitable for future beaver re‐occupation. We expand existing theory beyond the beaver pond to include terraces within valleys. This more fully explains how beavers can help drive the formation of alluvial valleys and their complex vegetation patterns as was first postulated by Ruedemann and Schoonmaker in 1938.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1359","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Westbrook, C.J., Cooper, D., and Baker, B.W., 2011, Beaver assisted river valley formation: River Research and Applications, v. 27, no. 2, p. 247-256, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1359.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"256","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217593,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1359"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.3641357421875,\n              39.70296052957233\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.1885986328125,\n              39.70296052957233\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.1885986328125,\n              40.9840449469281\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.3641357421875,\n              40.9840449469281\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.3641357421875,\n              39.70296052957233\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f037e4b0c8380cd4a660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westbrook, Cherie J.","contributorId":79705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westbrook","given":"Cherie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, D.J.","contributorId":89489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Bruce W. bakerb@usgs.gov","contributorId":95401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Bruce","email":"bakerb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036462,"text":"70036462 - 2011 - Spawning habitat selection of hickory shad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T20:14:50.673288","indexId":"70036462","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning habitat selection of hickory shad","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined the spawning habitat selectivity of hickory shad&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa mediocris</i><span>, an anadromous species on the Atlantic coast of North America. Using plankton tows and artificial substrates (spawning pads), we collected hickory shad eggs in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, to identify spawning timing, temperature, and microhabitat use. Hickory shad eggs were collected by both sampling gears in March and April. The results from this and three other studies in North Carolina indicate that spawning peaks at water temperatures between 12.0°C and 14.9°C and that approximately 90% occurs between 11.0°C and 18.9°C. Hickory shad eggs were collected in run and riffle habitats. Water velocity and substrate were significantly different at spawning pads with eggs than at those without eggs, suggesting that these are important microhabitat factors for spawning. Hickory shad eggs were usually collected in velocities of at least 0.1 m/s and on all substrates except those dominated by silt. Eggs were most abundant on gravel, cobble, and boulder substrates. Hickory shad spawned further upstream in years when water discharge rates at Roanoke Rapids were approximately average during March and April (2005 and 2007), as compared with a severe drought year (2006), suggesting that water flows may affect not only spawning site selection but also the quantity and quality of spawning habitat available at a macrohabitat scale. Using our field data and a Bayesian approach to resource selection analysis, we developed a preliminary habitat suitability model for hickory shad. This Bayesian approach provides an objective framework for updating the model as future studies of hickory shad spawning habitat are conducted.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.591263","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Harris, J., and Hightower, J.E., 2011, Spawning habitat selection of hickory shad: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 3, p. 495-505, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.591263.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"505","ipdsId":"IP-017175","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218471,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.591263"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Hickory Shad","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.24462890625,\n              34.74161249883172\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.4873046875,\n              34.74161249883172\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.4873046875,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.24462890625,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.24462890625,\n              34.74161249883172\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94d7e4b08c986b31ac7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Julianne E.","contributorId":57687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Julianne E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036786,"text":"70036786 - 2011 - More than a century of bathymetric observations and present-day shallow sediment characterization in Belfast Bay, Maine, USA: Implications for pockmark field longevity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T13:12:14.067499","indexId":"70036786","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"More than a century of bathymetric observations and present-day shallow sediment characterization in Belfast Bay, Maine, USA: Implications for pockmark field longevity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mechanisms and timescales responsible for pockmark formation and maintenance remain uncertain, especially in areas lacking extensive thermogenic fluid deposits (e.g., previously glaciated estuaries). This study characterizes seafloor activity in the Belfast Bay, Maine nearshore pockmark field using (1) three swath bathymetry datasets collected between 1999 and 2008, complemented by analyses of shallow box-core samples for radionuclide activity and undrained shear strength, and (2) historical bathymetric data (report and smooth sheets from 1872, 1947, 1948). In addition, because repeat swath bathymetry surveys are an emerging data source, we present a selected literature review of recent studies using such datasets for seafloor change analysis. This study is the first to apply the method to a pockmark field, and characterizes macro-scale (&gt;5&nbsp;m) evolution of tens of square kilometers of highly irregular seafloor. Presence/absence analysis yielded no change in pockmark frequency or distribution over a 9-year period (1999–2008). In that time pockmarks did not detectably enlarge, truncate, elongate, or combine. Historical data indicate that pockmark chains already existed in the 19th century. Despite the lack of macroscopic changes in the field, near-bed undrained shear-strength values of less than 7&nbsp;kPa and scattered downcore&nbsp;</span><sup>137</sup><span>Cs signatures indicate a highly disturbed setting. Integrating these findings with independent geophysical and geochemical observations made in the pockmark field, it can be concluded that (1) large-scale sediment resuspension and dispersion related to pockmark formation and failure do not occur frequently within this field, and (2) pockmarks can persevere in a dynamic estuarine setting that exhibits minimal modern fluid venting. Although pockmarks are conventionally thought to be long-lived features maintained by a combination of fluid venting and minimal sediment accumulation, this suggests that other mechanisms may be equally active in maintaining such irregular seafloor morphology. One such mechanism could be upwelling within pockmarks induced by near-bed currents.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00367-011-0228-0","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Brothers, L.L., Kelley, J.T., Belknap, D.F., Barnhardt, W., Andrews, B., and Maynard, M., 2011, More than a century of bathymetric observations and present-day shallow sediment characterization in Belfast Bay, Maine, USA: Implications for pockmark field longevity: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 31, no. 4, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-011-0228-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4749","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Belfast Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.27978515625,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.2470703125,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.2470703125,\n              44.762336674810996\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.27978515625,\n              44.762336674810996\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.27978515625,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e2ce4b0c8380cd70841","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Laura L. 0000-0003-2986-5166 lbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-5166","contributorId":176698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Laura","email":"lbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, J. T.","contributorId":34197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belknap, D. F.","contributorId":96739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","contributorId":190621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter","email":"wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":457846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews, Brian bandrews@usgs.gov","contributorId":190622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maynard, M.L.","contributorId":10254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maynard","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036582,"text":"70036582 - 2011 - Updated paleomagnetic pole from Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Sierra Nevada, California: Tectonic displacement of the Sierra Nevada block","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-01T09:58:40","indexId":"70036582","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Updated paleomagnetic pole from Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Sierra Nevada, California: Tectonic displacement of the Sierra Nevada block","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report remanent magnetization measurements from 13 sites in Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada (38°N–39.5°N). By increasing the number of available paleomagnetic sites, the new data tighten constraints on the displacement history of the Sierra Nevada block and its pre-extensional position relative to interior North America. We collected samples in freshly exposed outcrops along four highway transects. The rocks include diorite, granodiorite, and tonalite with potassium-argon ages (hornblende) ranging from 100 Ma to 83 Ma. By combining our results with previous paleomagnetic determinations from the central and southern Sierra Nevada (excluding sites from the rotated southern tip east of the White Wolf–Kern Canyon fault system), we find a mean paleomagnetic pole of 70.5°N, 188.2°E, A</span><sub>95</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 2.6° (</span><i>N</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 26, Fisher concentration parameter,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 118). Thermal demagnetization indicates that the characteristic remanence is generally unblocked in a narrow range within 35 °C of the Curie temperature of pure magnetite. Small apparent polar wander during the Cretaceous normal-polarity superchron, plus prolonged acquisition of remanence at the site level, may account for the low dispersion of virtual geomagnetic poles and relatively large<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>value. Tilt estimates based on overlapping sediments, stream gradients, and thermochronology of the Sierra Nevada plutons vary from 0° to 3° down to the southwest. Without tilt correction, the mean paleomagnetic pole for the Sierra Nevada is essentially coincident with the North American reference pole during the Cretaceous stillstand (125 Ma to 80 Ma). At 95% confidence, the apparent latitude shift is 1.1° ± 3.0° (positive northward), and the apparent rotation is negligible, 0.0° ± 4.7°. Correcting for each degree of tilt, which is limited to 3° on geologic evidence, increases the rotation anomaly 2.2° counterclockwise, while the apparent latitude shift remains unchanged.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/L142.1","issn":"19418264","usgsCitation":"Hillhouse, J.W., and Gromme, S., 2011, Updated paleomagnetic pole from Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Sierra Nevada, California: Tectonic displacement of the Sierra Nevada block: Lithosphere, v. 3, no. 4, p. 275-288, https://doi.org/10.1130/L142.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-026002","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475296,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l142.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/L142.1"},{"id":245571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd18e4b08c986b328ec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hillhouse, John W. 0000-0002-1371-4622 jhillhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1371-4622","contributorId":2618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"John","email":"jhillhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":456851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gromme, Sherman","contributorId":59318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"Sherman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036580,"text":"70036580 - 2011 - Pore fluid geochemistry from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T20:00:43.658435","indexId":"70036580","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pore fluid geochemistry from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"<p><span>The BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well was drilled and cored from 606.5 to 760.1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m on the North Slope of Alaska, to evaluate the occurrence, distribution and formation of gas hydrate in sediments below the base of the ice-bearing permafrost. Both the dissolved chloride and the isotopic composition of the water co-vary in the gas hydrate-bearing zones, consistent with gas hydrate dissociation during core recovery, and they provide independent indicators to constrain the zone of gas hydrate occurrence. Analyses of chloride and water isotope data indicate that an observed increase in salinity towards the top of the cored section reflects the presence of residual fluids from ion exclusion during ice formation at the base of the permafrost layer. These salinity changes are the main factor controlling major and minor ion distributions in the Mount Elbert Well. The resulting background chloride can be simulated with a one-dimensional diffusion model, and the results suggest that the ion exclusion at the top of the cored section reflects deepening of the permafrost layer following the last glaciation (∼100</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>kyr), consistent with published thermal models. Gas hydrate saturation values estimated from dissolved chloride agree with estimates based on logging data when the gas hydrate occupies more than 20% of the pore space; the correlation is less robust at lower saturation values. The highest gas hydrate concentrations at the Mount Elbert Well are clearly associated with coarse-grained sedimentary sections, as expected from theoretical calculations and field observations in marine and other arctic sediment cores.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.10.001","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Torres, M., Collett, T.S., Rose, K., Sample, J., Agena, W.F., and Rosenbaum, E., 2011, Pore fluid geochemistry from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 332-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.10.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217586,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.10.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              67.64267630796034\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.44921875,\n              67.64267630796034\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.44921875,\n              71.91088787611527\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              71.91088787611527\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              67.64267630796034\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dc8e4b0c8380cd7a15d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres, M.E.","contributorId":58443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, K.K.","contributorId":102306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sample, J.C.","contributorId":50006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov","contributorId":3181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"wagena@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenbaum, E.J.","contributorId":37575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036731,"text":"70036731 - 2011 - Biophysical controls on accretion and elevation change in Caribbean mangrove ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T20:12:05.362229","indexId":"70036731","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biophysical controls on accretion and elevation change in Caribbean mangrove ecosystems","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id7\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p id=\"abspara0010\"><span>Habitat stability of coastal ecosystems, such as&nbsp;marshes&nbsp;and&nbsp;mangroves, depends on maintenance of soil elevations relative to sea level. Many such systems are characterized by limited mineral sedimentation and/or rapid&nbsp;subsidence&nbsp;and are consequently dependent upon accumulation of organic matter to maintain elevations. However, little field information exists regarding the contribution of specific biological processes to vertical accretion and elevation change. This study used biogenic mangrove systems in carbonate settings in Belize (BZ) and southwest Florida (FL) to examine biophysical controls on elevation change. Rates of elevation change, vertical accretion, benthic mat formation, and belowground root accumulation were measured in fringe, basin, scrub, and dwarf forest types plus a restored forest. Elevation change rates (mm&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>) measured with Surface Elevation Tables varied widely: BZ-Dwarf (−3.7), BZ-Scrub (−1.1), FL-Fringe (0.6), FL-Basin (2.1), BZ-Fringe (4.1), and FL-Restored (9.9). Root mass accumulation varied across sites (82–739&nbsp;g&nbsp;m<sup>−2</sup>&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup>) and was positively correlated with elevation change. Root volumetric contribution to vertical change (mm&nbsp;yr<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup><span>) was lowest in BZ-Dwarf (1.2) and FL-Fringe (2.4), intermediate in FL-Basin (4.1) and BZ-Scrub (4.3), and highest in BZ-Fringe (8.8) and FL-Restored (11.8) sites. Surface growth of turf-forming algae,&nbsp;microbial mats, or accumulation of&nbsp;leaf litter&nbsp;and&nbsp;detritus&nbsp;also made significant contributions to vertical accretion. Turf&nbsp;algal mats&nbsp;in fringe and scrub forests accreted faster (2.7&nbsp;mm&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup>) than leaf litter mats in basin forests (1.9&nbsp;mm&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup>), but similarly to microbial mats in dwarf forests (2.1&nbsp;mm&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup>). Surface accretion of mineral material accounted for only 0.2–3.3% of total vertical change. Those sites with high root contributions and/or rapid growth of living mats exhibited an elevation surplus (+2 to +8&nbsp;mm&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup>), whereas those with low root inputs and low (or non-living) mat accumulation showed an elevation deficit (−1 to −5.7&nbsp;mm&nbsp;yr<sup>−1</sup><span>). This study indicates that biotic processes of root production and benthic mat formation are important controls on accretion and elevation change in mangrove ecosystems common to the&nbsp;Caribbean Region. Quantification of specific biological controls on elevation provides better insight into how sustainability of such systems might be influenced by global (e.g., climate, atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) and local (e.g., nutrients, disturbance) factors affecting organic matter accumulation, in addition to relative&nbsp;sea-level rise.</span></p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.001","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"McKee, K.L., 2011, Biophysical controls on accretion and elevation change in Caribbean mangrove ecosystems: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 91, no. 4, p. 475-483, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"483","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217533,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.001"}],"country":"Belize","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cayes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.09661865234375,\n              16.96486000097799\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.19000244140625,\n              16.81505795923194\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.20098876953125,\n              16.594081412718474\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.0718994140625,\n              16.53879743003391\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.89337158203125,\n              16.625665127961504\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.8851318359375,\n              16.854491071834676\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9840087890625,\n              16.96486000097799\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.09661865234375,\n              16.96486000097799\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f192e4b0c8380cd4acf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X mckeek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"mckeek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036287,"text":"70036287 - 2011 - Seasonal dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations driven by cave ventilation: Implications for and modeling of speleothem paleoclimate records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-20T17:23:05.694442","indexId":"70036287","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations driven by cave ventilation: Implications for and modeling of speleothem paleoclimate records","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 4-year study in a central Texas cave quantifies multiple mechanisms that control dripwater composition and how these mechanisms vary at different drip sites. We monitored cave-air compositions, in situ calcite growth, dripwater composition and drip rate every 4–6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>weeks. Three groups of drip sites are delineated (Groups 1–3) based on geochemical variations in dripwater composition. Quantitative modeling of mineral-solution reactions within the host carbonate rock and cave environments is used to identify mechanisms that can account for variations in dripwater compositions. The covariation of Mg/Ca (and Sr/Ca) and Sr isotopes is key in delineating whether Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations are dictated by water–rock interaction (i.e., calcite or dolomite recrystallization) or prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Group 1 dripwater compositions reflects a narrow range of the extent of water–rock interaction followed by varying amounts of prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Group 2 dripwater compositions are controlled by varying amounts of water–rock interaction with little to no PCP influence. Group 3 dripwater compositions are dictated by variable extents of both water–rock interaction and PCP. Group 1 drip sites show seasonal variations in dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca, whereas the other drip sites do not. In contrast to the findings of most previous dripwater Mg/Ca–Sr/Ca studies, these seasonal variations (at Group 1 drip sites) are independent of changes in water flux (i.e., rainfall and/or drip rate), and instead significantly correlate with changes in cave-air CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations. These results are consistent with lower cave-air CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, related to cool season ventilation of the cave atmosphere, enhancing calcite precipitation and leading to dripwater geochemical evolution via PCP. Group 1 dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca seasonality and evidence for PCP as a mechanism that can account for that seasonality, have two implications for many other regions where seasonal ventilation of caves is likely: (1) speleothem trace-element records may provide seasonal signals, and (2) such records may be biased toward recording climate conditions during the season when calcite is depositing. Additionally, we use our results to construct a forward model that illustrates the types of speleothem Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations that would result from varying controls on dripwater compositions. The model provides a basis for interpreting paleo-dripwater controls from high frequency Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations for speleothems from caves at which long term monitoring studies are not feasible.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.025","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Wong, C., Banner, J., and Musgrove, M., 2011, Seasonal dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations driven by cave ventilation: Implications for and modeling of speleothem paleoclimate records: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 12, p. 3514-3529, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.025.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3514","endPage":"3529","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.025"}],"volume":"75","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b889ae4b08c986b316a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, C.I.","contributorId":98574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banner, J.L.","contributorId":95683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banner","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn 0000-0003-1607-3864","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-3864","contributorId":223710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036432,"text":"70036432 - 2011 - Tsunami risk mapping simulation for Malaysia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T19:38:12.063762","indexId":"70036432","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tsunami risk mapping simulation for Malaysia","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 26 December 2004 Andaman mega tsunami killed about a quarter of a million people worldwide. Since then several significant tsunamis have recurred in this region, including the most recent 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami. These tsunamis grimly remind us of the devastating destruction that a tsunami might inflict on the affected coastal communities. There is evidence that tsunamis of similar or higher magnitudes might occur again in the near future in this region. Of particular concern to Malaysia are tsunamigenic earthquakes occurring along the northern part of the Sunda Trench. Further, the Manila Trench in the South China Sea has been identified as another source of potential tsunamigenic earthquakes that might trigger large tsunamis. To protect coastal communities that might be affected by future tsunamis, an effective early warning system must be properly installed and maintained to provide adequate time for residents to be evacuated from risk zones. Affected communities must be prepared and educated in advance regarding tsunami risk zones, evacuation routes as well as an effective evacuation procedure that must be taken during a tsunami occurrence. For these purposes, tsunami risk zones must be identified and classified according to the levels of risk simulated. This paper presents an analysis of tsunami simulations for the South China Sea and the Andaman Sea for the purpose of developing a tsunami risk zone classification map for Malaysia based upon simulated maximum wave heights. Keywords: tsunami risk simulation, early warning system.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd International Conference on Disaster Management and Human Health: Reducing Risk, Improving Outcomes, Disaster Management 2011","conferenceDate":"May 11-13, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","publisher":" WIT Press","doi":"10.2495/DMAN110011","issn":"17433509","isbn":"9781845645366","usgsCitation":"Teh, S., Koh, H.L., Moh, Y., De Angelis, D.L., and Jiang, J., 2011, Tsunami risk mapping simulation for Malaysia, <i>in</i> WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, v. 119, Orlando, FL, May 11-13, 2011, p. 3-14, https://doi.org/10.2495/DMAN110011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488989,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2495/dman110011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2495/DMAN110011"}],"country":"Malaysia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              99.84374999999999,\n              -0.4394488164139641\n            ],\n            [\n              124.45312499999999,\n              -0.4394488164139641\n            ],\n            [\n              124.45312499999999,\n              22.51255695405145\n            ],\n            [\n              99.84374999999999,\n              22.51255695405145\n            ],\n            [\n              99.84374999999999,\n              -0.4394488164139641\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8ace4b08c986b3279dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teh, S.Y.","contributorId":22969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teh","given":"S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koh, H. L.","contributorId":44362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moh, Y.T.","contributorId":16259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moh","given":"Y.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De Angelis, D. L.","contributorId":66523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Angelis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jiang, J.","contributorId":35439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036298,"text":"70036298 - 2011 - Statistical methods of estimating mining costs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036298","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Statistical methods of estimating mining costs","docAbstract":"Until it was defunded in 1995, the U.S. Bureau of Mines maintained a Cost Estimating System (CES) for prefeasibility-type economic evaluations of mineral deposits and estimating costs at producing and non-producing mines. This system had a significant role in mineral resource assessments to estimate costs of developing and operating known mineral deposits and predicted undiscovered deposits. For legal reasons, the U.S. Geological Survey cannot update and maintain CES. Instead, statistical tools are under development to estimate mining costs from basic properties of mineral deposits such as tonnage, grade, mineralogy, depth, strip ratio, distance from infrastructure, rock strength, and work index. The first step was to reestimate \"Taylor's Rule\" which relates operating rate to available ore tonnage. The second step was to estimate statistical models of capital and operating costs for open pit porphyry copper mines with flotation concentrators. For a sample of 27 proposed porphyry copper projects, capital costs can be estimated from three variables: mineral processing rate, strip ratio, and distance from nearest railroad before mine construction began. Of all the variables tested, operating costs were found to be significantly correlated only with strip ratio.","largerWorkTitle":"SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011","conferenceTitle":"SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011","conferenceDate":"28 February 2011 through 2 March 2011","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","isbn":"9781617829727","usgsCitation":"Long, K.R., 2011, Statistical methods of estimating mining costs, <i>in</i> SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011, Denver, CO, 28 February 2011 through 2 March 2011, p. 147-151.","startPage":"147","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9732e4b08c986b31b93a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, K. R.","contributorId":94658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032291,"text":"70032291 - 2011 - Potential for water salvage by removal of non-native woody vegetation from dryland river systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032291","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for water salvage by removal of non-native woody vegetation from dryland river systems","docAbstract":"Globally, expansion of non-native woody vegetation across floodplains has raised concern of increased evapotranspiration (ET) water loss with consequent reduced river flows and groundwater supplies. Water salvage programs, established to meet water supply demands by removing introduced species, show little documented evidence of program effectiveness. We use two case studies in the USA and Australia to illustrate factors that contribute to water salvage feasibility for a given ecological setting. In the USA, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) has become widespread on western rivers, with water salvage programs attempted over a 50-year period. Some studies document riparian transpiration or ET reduction after saltcedar removal, but detectable increases in river base flow are not conclusively shown. Furthermore, measurements of riparian vegetation ET in natural settings show saltcedar ET overlaps the range measured for native riparian species, thereby constraining the possibility of water salvage by replacing saltcedar with native vegetation. In Australia, introduced willows (Salix spp.) have become widespread in riparian systems in the Murray-Darling Basin. Although large-scale removal projects have been undertaken, no attempts have been made to quantify increases in base flows. Recent studies of ET indicate that willows growing in permanently inundated stream beds have high transpiration rates, indicating water savings could be achieved from removal. In contrast, native Eucalyptus trees and willows growing on stream banks show similar ET rates with no net water salvage from replacing willows with native trees. We conclude that water salvage feasibility is highly dependent on the ecohydrological setting in which the non-native trees occur. We provide an overview of conditions favorable to water salvage. Copyright ?? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8395","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Doody, T., Nagler, P., Glenn, E.P., Moore, G.W., Morino, K., Hultine, K.R., and Benyon, R., 2011, Potential for water salvage by removal of non-native woody vegetation from dryland river systems: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 26, p. 4117-4131, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8395.","startPage":"4117","endPage":"4131","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8395"},{"id":242581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f1fe4b0c8380cd7a928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doody, T.M.","contributorId":79319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doody","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, G. W.","contributorId":87946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morino, K.","contributorId":10614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hultine, K. R.","contributorId":102281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benyon, R.G.","contributorId":38792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benyon","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036430,"text":"70036430 - 2011 - Modelling detectability of kiore (Rattus exulans) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands, to inform possible eradication and monitoring efforts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T20:10:34.36895","indexId":"70036430","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2867,"text":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Modelling detectability of kiore (<i>Rattus exulans</i>) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands, to inform possible eradication and monitoring efforts","title":"Modelling detectability of kiore (Rattus exulans) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands, to inform possible eradication and monitoring efforts","docAbstract":"<p>Estimating the detection probability of introduced organisms during the pre-monitoring phase of an eradication effort can be extremely helpful in informing eradication and post-eradication monitoring efforts, but this step is rarely taken. We used data collected during 11 nights of mark-recapture sampling on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands, to estimate introduced kiore (Rattus exulans Peale) density and detection probability, and evaluated factors affecting detectability to help inform possible eradication efforts. Modelling of 62 captures of 48 individuals resulted in a model-averaged density estimate of 55 kiore/ha. Kiore detection probability was best explained by a model allowing neophobia to diminish linearly (i.e. capture probability increased linearly) until occasion 7, with additive effects of sex and cumulative rainfall over the prior 48 hours. Detection probability increased with increasing rainfall and females were up to three times more likely than males to be trapped. In this paper, we illustrate the type of information that can be obtained by modelling mark-recapture data collected during pre-eradication monitoring and discuss the potential of using these data to inform eradication and post-eradication monitoring efforts.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","language":"English","publisher":"New Zealand Ecological Society.","issn":"01106465","usgsCitation":"Adams, A., Stanford, J., Wiewel, A., and Rodda, G., 2011, Modelling detectability of kiore (Rattus exulans) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands, to inform possible eradication and monitoring efforts: New Zealand Journal of Ecology, v. 35, no. 2, p. 145-152.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"152","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mariana Islands","otherGeospatial":"Aguiguan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              145.04150390625,\n              14.562317701914855\n            ],\n            [\n              146.326904296875,\n              14.562317701914855\n            ],\n            [\n              146.326904296875,\n              15.728813770533966\n            ],\n            [\n              145.04150390625,\n              15.728813770533966\n            ],\n            [\n              145.04150390625,\n              14.562317701914855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c65e4b0c8380cd6fc72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, A.A.Y.","contributorId":50369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"A.A.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanford, J.W.","contributorId":90963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanford","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiewel, A.S.","contributorId":8682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiewel","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036643,"text":"70036643 - 2011 - A novel approach reveals that zinc oxide nanoparticles are bioavailable and toxic after dietary exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T12:27:17","indexId":"70036643","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2809,"text":"Nanotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A novel approach reveals that zinc oxide nanoparticles are bioavailable and toxic after dietary exposures","docAbstract":"<p>If engineered nanomaterials are released into the environment, some are likely to end up associated with the food of animals due to aggregation and sorption processes. However, few studies have considered dietary exposure of nanomaterials. Here we show that zinc (Zn) from isotopically modified 67ZnO particles is efficiently assimilated by freshwater snails when ingested with food. The 67Zn from nano-sized 67ZnO appears as bioavailable as 67Zn internalized by diatoms. Apparent agglomeration of the zinc oxide (ZnO) particles did not reduce bioavailability, nor preclude toxicity. In the diet, ZnO nanoparticles damage digestion: snails ate less, defecated less and inefficiently processed the ingested food when exposed to high concentrations of ZnO. It was not clear whether the toxicity was due to the high Zn dose achieved with nanoparticles or to the ZnO nanoparticles themselves. Further study of exposure from nanoparticles in food would greatly benefit assessment of ecological and human health risks.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nanotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Informa UK, Ltd.","doi":"10.3109/17435390.2010.501914","issn":"17435390","usgsCitation":"Croteau, M.N., Dybowska, A., Luoma, S., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2011, A novel approach reveals that zinc oxide nanoparticles are bioavailable and toxic after dietary exposures: Nanotoxicology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 79-90, https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2010.501914.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2010.501914"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c6e4b0c8380cd46906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dybowska, A.D.","contributorId":85443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, E.","contributorId":103088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032296,"text":"70032296 - 2011 - Water storage at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032296","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water storage at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"Storage is a major component of a catchment water balance particularly when the water balance components are evaluated on short time scales, that is, less than annual. We propose a method of determining the storage-discharge relation using an exponential function and daily precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and baseflow during the dormant season when evapotranspiration (ET) is low. The method was applied to the 22-year data series of the 0.41-ha forested Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia. The relation of cumulative daily precipitation minus daily runoff and PET versus baseflow was highly significant (r2=0.92, p&lt;0.0001), but the initial storage for each year varied markedly. For the 22-year study period, annual precipitation and runoff averaged 1240 and 380mm, respectively, whereas the absolute catchment storage range was ~400mm, averaging 219mm annually, which is attributed to contributions of soil water and groundwater. The soil moisture of a catchment average 1-m soil depth was evaluated and suggests that there was an active (changes in soil storage during stormflow) and passive (a longer-term seasonal cycle) soil water storage with ranges of 40-70 and 100-120mm, respectively. The active soil water storage was short term on the order of days during and immediately after rainstorms, and the passive or seasonal soil storage was highest during winter when ET was lowest and lowest during summer when ET was highest. An estimate of ET from daily changes in soil moisture (ETSM) during recessions was comparable with PET during the dormant season (1.5mmday-1) but was much lower during the growing season (June through August); monthly average SMET and PET ranged from 2.8 to 4.0mmday-1 and from 4.5 to 5.5mmday-1, respectively. The growing season difference is attributed to the overestimation of PET. ETSM estimates were comparable with those derived from hillslope water balances during sprinkling experiments. Master recession curves derived from the storage-discharge relation adjusted seasonally for ET (1.5 and 4.0mmday-1 during the dormant and growing seasons, respectively) fit actual recessions extremely well. ?? 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8334","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Aulenbach, B., 2011, Water storage at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 25, p. 3878-3889, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8334.","startPage":"3878","endPage":"3889","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214950,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8334"},{"id":242711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcc76e4b08c986b32db6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036327,"text":"70036327 - 2011 - US geological survey Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA): Introduction and summary of organization and methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T19:24:49.448066","indexId":"70036327","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1784,"text":"Geological Society Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"8","title":"US geological survey Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA): Introduction and summary of organization and methods","docAbstract":"<p><span>The USGS has assessed undiscovered petroleum resources in the Arctic through geological mapping, basin analysis and quantitative assessment. The new map compilation provided the base from which geologists subdivided the Arctic for burial history modelling and quantitative assessment. The CARA was a probabilistic, geologically based study that used existing USGS methodology, modified somewhat for the circumstances of the Arctic. The assessment relied heavily on analogue modelling, with numerical input as lognormal distributions of sizes and numbers of undiscovered accumulations. Probabilistic results for individual assessment units were statistically aggregated taking geological dependencies into account. Fourteen papers in this Geological Society volume present summaries of various aspects of the CARA.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/M35.8","issn":"04354052","usgsCitation":"Charpentier, R., and Gautier, D.L., 2011, US geological survey Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA): Introduction and summary of organization and methods: Geological Society Memoir, no. 35, p. 145-150, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"150","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218432,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/M35.8"}],"issue":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f471e4b0c8380cd4bd31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036379,"text":"70036379 - 2011 - A revised 87Sr/86Sr curve for the Silurian: Implications for global ocean chemistry and the Silurian timescale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T17:56:38.92013","indexId":"70036379","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A revised <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr curve for the Silurian: Implications for global ocean chemistry and the Silurian timescale","title":"A revised 87Sr/86Sr curve for the Silurian: Implications for global ocean chemistry and the Silurian timescale","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent recalibration of the Silurian timescale and improved global chronostratigraphic correlation of Silurian strata significantly altered the Silurian&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr curve and the temporal extent of available data. Whereas previous Silurian&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr composites showed a generally monotonic increase throughout the Silurian, revisions to the Silurian timescale now require a major increase in the rate of change in&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr at or near the onset of the Gorstian Age of the Ludlow Epoch. Similarly, improved chronostratigraphic correlations between Silurian outcrops on Anticosti Island, Canada, and Gotland, Sweden, indicate that the middle part of the Telychian Age, which is roughly 10%–15% of the total duration of the Silurian period, is undersampled and underrepresented in Silurian&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr composites. A revised Silurian&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr curve based on 241 new and published analyses confirms the significant increase in the rate of change of&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr toward more radiogenic values near the base of the Ludlow Series. On the basis of these data, we propose that the rapid trend toward more radiogenic&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr values is indicative of increased weathering of old sialic crust exposed during the Silurian uplift of portions of Baltica, Laurentia, and Avalonia. Importantly, however, the actual rate of change of&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr will remain equivocal until the durations of Silurian epochs and ages are better constrained.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press Journals","doi":"10.1086/660117","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Cramer, B., Munnecke, A., Schofield, D.I., Haase, K., and Haase-Schramm, A., 2011, A revised 87Sr/86Sr curve for the Silurian: Implications for global ocean chemistry and the Silurian timescale: Journal of Geology, v. 119, no. 4, p. 335-349, https://doi.org/10.1086/660117.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"349","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660117"}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e560e4b0c8380cd46d06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, Bradley D.","contributorId":51562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Bradley D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munnecke, Axel","contributorId":96923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munnecke","given":"Axel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schofield, D. I.","contributorId":101094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schofield","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haase, K.M.","contributorId":19820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haase-Schramm, A.","contributorId":61280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase-Schramm","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036428,"text":"70036428 - 2011 - Neotectonic inversion of the Hindu Kush-Pamir mountain region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70036428","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1902,"text":"Himalayan Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neotectonic inversion of the Hindu Kush-Pamir mountain region","docAbstract":"The Hindu Kush-Pamir region of southern Asia is one of Earth's most rapidly deforming regions and it is poorly understood. This study develops a kinematic model based on active faulting in this part of the Trans-Himalayan orogenic belt. Previous studies have described north-verging thrust faults and some strike-slip faults, reflected in the northward-convex geomorphologic and structural grain of the Pamir Mountains. However, this structural analysis suggests that contemporary tectonics are changing the style of deformation from north-verging thrusts formed during the initial contraction of the Himalayan orogeny to south-verging thrusts and a series of northwest-trending, dextral strike-slip faults in the modern transpressional regime. These northwest-trending fault zones are linked to the major right-lateral Karakoram fault, located to the east, as synthetic, conjugate shears that form a right-stepping en echelon pattern. Northwest-trending lineaments with dextral displacements extend continuously westward across the Hindu Kush-Pamir region indicating a pattern of systematic shearing of multiple blocks to the northwest as the deformation effects from Indian plate collision expands to the north-northwest. Locally, east-northeast- and northwest-trending faults display sinistral and dextral displacement, respectively, yielding conjugate shear pairs developed in a northwest-southeast compressional stress field. Geodetic measurements and focal mechanisms from historical seismicity support these surficial, tectono-morphic observations. The conjugate shear pairs may be structurally linked subsidiary faults and co-seismically slip during single large magnitude (> M7) earthquakes that occur on major south-verging thrust faults. This kinematic model provides a potential context for prehistoric, historic, and future patterns of faulting and earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Himalayan Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09718966","usgsCitation":"Ruleman, C., 2011, Neotectonic inversion of the Hindu Kush-Pamir mountain region: Himalayan Geology, v. 32, no. 2, p. 95-111.","startPage":"95","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a645ce4b0c8380cd729a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruleman, C.A.","contributorId":50237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruleman","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036578,"text":"70036578 - 2011 - Failed magmatic eruptions: Late-stage cessation of magma ascent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T15:15:46","indexId":"70036578","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Failed magmatic eruptions: Late-stage cessation of magma ascent","docAbstract":"When a volcano becomes restless, a primary question is whether the unrest will lead to an eruption. Here we recognize four possible outcomes of a magmatic intrusion: \"deep intrusion\", \"shallow intrusion\", \"sluggish/viscous magmatic eruption\", and \"rapid, often explosive magmatic eruption\". We define \"failed eruptions\" as instances in which magma reaches but does not pass the \"shallow intrusion\" stage, i. e., when magma gets close to, but does not reach, the surface. Competing factors act to promote or hinder the eventual eruption of a magma intrusion. Fresh intrusion from depth, high magma gas content, rapid ascent rates that leave little time for enroute degassing, opening of pathways, and sudden decompression near the surface all act to promote eruption, whereas decreased magma supply from depth, slow ascent, significant enroute degassing and associated increases in viscosity, and impingement on structural barriers all act to hinder eruption. All of these factors interact in complex ways with variable results, but often cause magma to stall at some depth before reaching the surface. Although certain precursory phenomena, such as rapidly escalating seismic swarms or rates of degassing or deformation, are good indicators that an eruption is likely, such phenomena have also been observed in association with intrusions that have ultimately failed to erupt. A perpetual difficulty with quantifying the probability of eruption is a lack of data, particularly on instances of failed eruptions. This difficulty is being addressed in part through the WOVOdat database. Papers in this volume will be an additional resource for scientists grappling with the issue of whether or not an episode of unrest will lead to a magmatic eruption.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0444-x","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Moran, S., Newhall, C., and Roman, D., 2011, Failed magmatic eruptions: Late-stage cessation of magma ascent: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 115-122, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0444-x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217556,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0444-x"},{"id":245509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0edee4b0c8380cd53672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, S.C. 0000-0001-7308-9649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":78896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newhall, C.","contributorId":16557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roman, D.C.","contributorId":52372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70173650,"text":"70173650 - 2011 - Seabird use of discards from a nearshore shrimp fishery in the South Atlantic Bight, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-14T11:59:45.120878","indexId":"70173650","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabird use of discards from a nearshore shrimp fishery in the South Atlantic Bight, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shrimp trawling is common throughout the southeastern and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the USA and is the primary contributor to fisheries discards in these regions. Tens of thousands of nearshore seabirds nest near shrimp trawling grounds in the USA, but to date, there has been no assessment of the relationship between seabirds and shrimp trawlers. We examined the taxonomic composition of bycatch, rate at which seabirds scavenged bycatch, and energy density of discarded bycatch in a nearshore commercial shrimp fishery. Bycatch was primarily comprised of demersal fish that are not typically accessible to the plunge-diving and surface-feeding seabirds that occur in the area. Hence, seabird diets in the region appear to be broadened taxonomically by the availability of discards. Results from discard experiments indicated that 70% of the nearly 5,500 items discarded by hand were scavenged by seabirds and that the fate of a discarded item was most strongly predicted by its taxonomic order. Laughing gulls scavenged the greatest proportion of discards, although brown pelicans were the only species to scavenge more discards than predicted based upon their abundance. Because this is the first such study in the region, it is difficult to ascertain the extent or intensity of the impact that discards have on nearshore seabirds. Nonetheless, our results suggest that it will be difficult for managers to clearly understand fluctuations in local seabird population dynamics without first understanding the extent to which these species rely upon discards. This may be especially problematic in situations where seabird populations are recovering following natural or anthropogenic stressors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00227-011-1733-4","usgsCitation":"Jodice, P.G., Wickliffe, L.C., and Sachs, E.B., 2011, Seabird use of discards from a nearshore shrimp fishery in the South Atlantic Bight, USA: Marine Biology, v. 158, no. 10, p. 2289-2298, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1733-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2289","endPage":"2298","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030401","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.244140625,\n              32.63937487360669\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9697265625,\n              32.63937487360669\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9697265625,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.244140625,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.244140625,\n              32.63937487360669\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"158","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57594231e4b04f417c25698c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wickliffe, Lisa C.","contributorId":171480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickliffe","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sachs, Elena B.","contributorId":171481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sachs","given":"Elena","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036503,"text":"70036503 - 2011 - Using consumption rate to assess potential predators for biological control of white perch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T18:17:45.286766","indexId":"70036503","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2585,"text":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using consumption rate to assess potential predators for biological control of white perch","docAbstract":"<p><span>Control of undesirable fishes is important in aquatic systems, and using predation as a tool for biological control is an attractive option to fishery biologists. However, determining the appropriate predators for biological control is critical for success. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of consumption rate as an index to determine the most effective predators for biological control of an invasive fish. Consumption rate values were calculated for nine potential predators that prey on white perch&nbsp;</span><i>Morone americana<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>in Branched Oak and Pawnee reservoirs, Nebraska. The consumption rate index provided a unique and insightful means of determining the potential effectiveness of each predator species in controlling white perch. Cumulative frequency distributions facilitated interpretation by providing a graphical presentation of consumption rates by all individuals within each predator species. Largemouth bass&nbsp;</span><i>Micropterus salmoides</i><span>, walleye S</span><i>ander vitreus<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>and sauger&nbsp;</span><i>S. canadensis<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>were the most efficient white perch predators in both reservoirs; however, previous attempts to increase biomass of these predators have failed suggesting that successful biological control is unlikely using existing predator species in these Nebraska reservoirs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"EDP Sciences","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2011028","issn":"19619502","usgsCitation":"Gosch, N., and Pope, K.L., 2011, Using consumption rate to assess potential predators for biological control of white perch: Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 403, 02, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2011028.","productDescription":"02, 9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487185,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2011028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2011028"},{"id":246614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Lancaster","otherGeospatial":"Branched Oak Lake","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-96.9081,41.0476],[-96.7911,41.047],[-96.6815,41.046],[-96.679,41.0464],[-96.4626,41.0464],[-96.4635,41.0151],[-96.4646,40.9566],[-96.4653,40.8704],[-96.4642,40.7832],[-96.4638,40.7187],[-96.4638,40.5227],[-96.5709,40.5233],[-96.7966,40.5229],[-96.9122,40.5226],[-96.9138,40.6106],[-96.9137,40.6973],[-96.9106,40.6973],[-96.9102,40.9591],[-96.9112,41.0477],[-96.9081,41.0476]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lancaster\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","issue":"403","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc040e4b08c986b329ffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gosch, N.J.C.","contributorId":66513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosch","given":"N.J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}