{"pageNumber":"1797","pageRowStart":"44900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68936,"records":[{"id":29403,"text":"wri884168 - 1991 - Geohydrology of rocks penetrated by test well USW H-5, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T21:44:12.178805","indexId":"wri884168","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4168","title":"Geohydrology of rocks penetrated by test well USW H-5, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884168","usgsCitation":"Robison, J.H., and Craig, R.W., 1991, Geohydrology of rocks penetrated by test well USW H-5, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4168, v, 44p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884168.","productDescription":"v, 44p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4168/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58254,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414394,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47072.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              36.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3717,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3717,\n              36.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              36.9\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robison, J. H.","contributorId":60183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craig, R. W.","contributorId":40984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000607,"text":"1000607 - 1991 - Disturbance effects on aquatic vegetation in regulated and unregulated lakes in northern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T12:37:00","indexId":"1000607","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1167,"text":"Canadian Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance effects on aquatic vegetation in regulated and unregulated lakes in northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of water-level regulation on aquatic macrophyte communities were investigated by comparing two regulated lakes in northern Minnesota with a nearby unregulated lake (Lac La Croix). Natural annual fluctuations of about 1.8 m were replaced with fluctuations of 1.1 m and 2.7 m in the regulated lakes, and the timing of water-level changes was also altered. Quadrats were sampled along transects that followed depth contours representing different plant habitats in the unregulated lake. Ordinations showed that the macrophyte communities at all sampled depths of the regulated lakes differed from those in the unregulated lake. The unregulated lake supported structurally diverse plant communities at all depths. In the lake with reduced fluctuations, only four taxa were present along transects that were never dewatered; all were erect aquatics that extended through the entire water column. In the lake with increased fluctuations, rosette and mat-forming species dominated transects where drawdown occurred in early winter and disturbance resulted from ice formation in the sediments. The natural hydrologic regime at the unregulated lake resulted in intermediate disturbance and high diversity. There was either too little or too much disturbance from water-level fluctuations in the regulated lakes, both resulting in reduced structural diversity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/b91-198","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D.A., and Meeker, J.E., 1991, Disturbance effects on aquatic vegetation in regulated and unregulated lakes in northern Minnesota: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 69, no. 7, p. 1542-1551, https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-198.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1542","endPage":"1551","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2310","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629a8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meeker, James E.","contributorId":80228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016598,"text":"70016598 - 1991 - Is April to July runoff really decreasing in the Western United States?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016598","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Is April to July runoff really decreasing in the Western United States?","docAbstract":"Global warming has been the topic of a great deal of heated discussion and debate in recent years, both in the lay press and in scientific journals. The debate is about whether we are beginning to detect signs of a buildup of greenhouse gases on a global scale. A major part of the debate concerns the possible effects on climate and on the future availability of water resources. The ongoing drought in California has added impetus to the debate, serving notice of the serious consequences of any prolonged decrease in the availability of adequate water supplies. This paper has three primary objectives: (1) To evaluate the ramifications of using fractional runoff rather than total runoff to define trends in runoff; (2) to analyze additional streamflow data for the presence and extent of trends in annual and seasonal runoff volume for the conterminous Western United States; and (3) to examine the influence of the current California drought on indicators of trend.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"12 April 1991 through 15 April 1991","conferenceLocation":"Juneau, AL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Colorado State Univ","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO, United States","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Wahl, K.L., 1991, Is April to July runoff really decreasing in the Western United States?, <i>in</i> Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Juneau, AL, USA, 12 April 1991 through 15 April 1991, p. 67-78.","startPage":"67","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f20e4b0c8380cd642a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014944,"text":"70014944 - 1991 - A review of the hydrogeologic-geochemical model for Cerro Prieto","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T18:55:21.782678","indexId":"70014944","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of the hydrogeologic-geochemical model for Cerro Prieto","docAbstract":"<p>With continued exploitation of the Cerro Prieto, Mexico, geothermal field, there is increasing evidence that the hydrogeologic model developed by Halfman and co-workers presents the basic features controlling the movement of geothermal fluids in the system. In mid–1987 the total installed capacity at Cerro Prieto reached 620 MW<sub>c</sub>, requiring a large rate of fluid production (more than 10,500 tonnes/hr of a brine-steam mixture; August 1988). This significant mass extraction has led to changes in reservoir thermodynamic conditions and in the chemistry of the produced fluids. Pressure drawdown has caused an increase in cold water recharge in the southern and western edges of the field, and local and general reservoir boiling in parts of the geothermal system.</p><p>After reviewing the hydrogeologic and geochemical models of Cerro Prieto, the exploitation-induced cold water recharge and reservoir boiling (and plugging) observed in different areas of the field, are discussed and interpreted on the basis of these models and schematic flow models that describe the hydrogeology.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(91)90004-F","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Lippmann, M., Truesdell, A., Halfman-Dooley, S.E., and Manonm, A., 1991, A review of the hydrogeologic-geochemical model for Cerro Prieto: Geothermics, v. 20, no. 1-2, p. 39-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(91)90004-F.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e55be4b0c8380cd46ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lippmann, M.J.","contributorId":66423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lippmann","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":369671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halfman-Dooley, S. E.","contributorId":14122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halfman-Dooley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manonm, A.","contributorId":53960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manonm","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014644,"text":"1014644 - 1991 - Influence of feeding rate on performance of Atlantic salmon fry in an ozonated water reuse system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:14:08.311286","indexId":"1014644","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of feeding rate on performance of Atlantic salmon fry in an ozonated water reuse system","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 4‐week trial was conducted to determine the optimal feeding level in percent body weight of a commercially prepared, practical diet for early feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>) in an ozonated water reuse system at 17–18°C. Triplicate groups of swimup (0.19‐g) fry were fed one of seven levels of Biodiet starter diet calculated for hatchery constants of 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5. Feeding levels (percent body weight) were derived at the start of the study and again at 2 weeks by dividing mean body length, in inches, into the respective hatchery constant. Mean body weight and body fat content increased significantly with each increment in level of feeding through a hatchery constant of 6.5. after which there was no further increase. Body protein decreased as feeding increased through hatchery constant 6.5; ash content decreased through hatchery constant 5.5. Results indicated that young Atlantic salmon fed at low feeding rates (2.47–5.44% body weight) in the water reuse system were underfed, but fish fed at 5.46–8.41% body weight grew at a favorable rate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0111:IOFROP%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., and Williams, R., 1991, Influence of feeding rate on performance of Atlantic salmon fry in an ozonated water reuse system: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 53, no. 2, p. 111-113, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0111:IOFROP%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee6f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.C.","contributorId":103621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003500,"text":"1003500 - 1991 - Metabolism and elimination of benzocaine by rainbow-trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T14:58:21","indexId":"1003500","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3800,"text":"Xenobiotica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolism and elimination of benzocaine by rainbow-trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","docAbstract":"1.  Branchial and urinary elimination of benzocaine residues was evaluated in adult rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, given a single dorsal aortic dose of c-14-benzocaine hydrochloride.^2.  Branchial elimination of benzocaine residues was rapid and accounted for 59.2% Of the dose during the first 3 h after dosing.  Renal elimination of radioactivity was considerably slower; the kidney excreted 2.7% Dose within 3 h and 9.0% Within 24 h.  Gallbladder bile contained 2.0% Dose 24 h after injection.^3.  Of the radioactivity in radiochromatograms from water taken 3 min after injection, 87.3% Was benzocaine and 12.7% Was n-acetylated benzocaine.  After 60 min, 32.7% Was benzocaine and 67.3% Was n-acetylated benzocaine.^4.  Of the radioactivity in radiochromatograms from urine taken 1 h after dosing, 7.6% Was para-aminobenzoic acid, 59.7% Was n-acetylated para-aminobenzoic acid, 19.5% Was benzocaine, and 8.0% Was n-acetylated benzocaine.  The proportion of the radioactivity in urine changed with time so that by 20 h, 1.0% Was para-aminobenzoic acid and 96.6% Was n-acetylated para-aminobenzoic acid.^5.  Benzocaine and a more hydrophobic metabolite, n-acetylated benzocaine, were eliminated primarily through the gills; renal and biliary pathways were less significant elimination routes for benzocaine residues.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Xenobiotica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3109/00498259109039492","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J., Gingerich, W., and Allen, J.L., 1991, Metabolism and elimination of benzocaine by rainbow-trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Xenobiotica, v. 21, no. 4, p. 525-533, https://doi.org/10.3109/00498259109039492.","productDescription":"pp. 525-533","startPage":"525","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269921,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00498259109039492"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62511d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, J.R. 0000-0002-8855-2648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":16786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":313402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1012926,"text":"1012926 - 1991 - Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:08:23.29202","indexId":"1012926","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory simulation of water temperature regimes that occur in subarctic rivers through winter necessitates the ability to maintain near‐freezing conditions. A heat‐exchanging apparatus is described that provided a convenient means of simulating the range of temperatures (0.5–12°C) that incubating eggs of salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus</i><span>&nbsp;spp.) typically experience in south‐central Alaskan watersheds. The system was reliable, easily maintained precise temperatures at our coldest test levels, and was used over several years with few mechanical complications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0251:AFPRAC%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wangaard, D., McDonell, J., Burger, C.V., and Wilmot, R., 1991, Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 53, no. 4, p. 251-255, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0251:AFPRAC%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129453,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangaard, D.B.","contributorId":152258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wangaard","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonell, John P.","contributorId":358544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonell","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, Carl V.","contributorId":152419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilmot, R.L.","contributorId":97662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014840,"text":"1014840 - 1991 - Whirling disease: Earliest susceptible age of rainbow trout to the triactinomyxid of Myxobolus cerebralis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T15:22:45.477412","indexId":"1014840","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Whirling disease: Earliest susceptible age of rainbow trout to the triactinomyxid of <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>","title":"Whirling disease: Earliest susceptible age of rainbow trout to the triactinomyxid of Myxobolus cerebralis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Various developmental stages of eyed eggs and newly hatched sac fry of rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) were exposed to several concentrations of laboratory produced spores of the triactinomyxon stage of&nbsp;</span><i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i><span>, the infective stage of salmonid whirling disease. Exposed eggs and sac fry and appropriate unexposed controls were examined microscopically immediately after challenge for the presence of initial forms of the disease and 4 months later for the presence of spores of the myxosporean stage of&nbsp;</span><i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i><span>&nbsp;in resulting fingerlings. Although initial forms of whirling disease shown as intracellular aggregates of small sporozoites (sporoplasms) 1.5–2.0&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>m in diameter were found in the epithelium of eyed eggs a few hours before hatching and in 1-day-old sac fry, the resulting fingerlings examined 4 months later were free of&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>&nbsp;spores. The youngest trout that became infected with whirling disease and yielded spores of&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>&nbsp;was the 2-day-old sac fry. This result indicates that the distribution of eyed eggs from water contaminated with whirling disease should not pose a threat of spreading the disease into non-endemic areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(91)90003-P","usgsCitation":"Markiw, M.E., 1991, Whirling disease: Earliest susceptible age of rainbow trout to the triactinomyxid of Myxobolus cerebralis: Aquaculture, v. 92, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90003-P.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131605,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e48db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markiw, Maria E.","contributorId":86827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiw","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016584,"text":"70016584 - 1991 - Geophysical borehole logging in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016584","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical borehole logging in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Borehole geophysical logging for site characterization in the volcanic rocks at the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, requires data collection under rather unusual conditions. Logging tools must operate in rugose, dry holes above the water table in the unsaturated zone. Not all logging tools will operate in this environment, therefore; careful consideration must be given to selection and calibration. A sample suite of logs is presented that demonstrates correlation of geological formations from borehole to borehole, the definition of zones of altered mineralogy, and the quantitative estimates of rock properties. We show the results of an exploratory calculation of porosity and water saturation based upon density and epithermal neutron logs. Comparison of the results with a few core samples is encouraging, particularly because the logs can provide continuous data in boreholes where core samples are not available.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628310","usgsCitation":"Schimschal, U., and Nelson, P.H., 1991, Geophysical borehole logging in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991, p. 795-801.","startPage":"795","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2810e4b0c8380cd59dcc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536333,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schimschal, Ulrich","contributorId":92258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimschal","given":"Ulrich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016609,"text":"70016609 - 1991 - Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70016609","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is acquiring a new generation of field computers and communications software to support hydrologic data-collection at field locations. The new computer hardware and software mark the beginning of the Survey's transition from the use of electromechanical devices and paper tapes to electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation. Software is being developed for these microprocessors to facilitate the collection, conversion, and entry of data into the Survey's National Water Information System. The new automated data-collection process features several microprocessor-controlled sensors connected to a serial digital multidrop line operated by an electronic data recorder. Data are acquired from the sensors in response to instructions programmed into the data recorder by the user through small portable lap-top or hand-held computers. The portable computers, called personal field computers, also are used to extract data from the electronic recorders for transport by courier to the office computers. The Survey's alternative to manual or courier retrieval is the use of microprocessor-based remote telemetry stations. Plans have been developed to enhance the Survey's use of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite telemetry by replacing the present network of direct-readout ground stations with less expensive units. Plans also provide for computer software that will support other forms of telemetry such as telephone or land-based radio.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"29 July 1991 through 2 August 1991","conferenceLocation":"Nashville, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628167","usgsCitation":"Shope, W.G., 1991, Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA, 29 July 1991 through 2 August 1991, p. 774-779.","startPage":"774","endPage":"779","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbef6e4b08c986b3298af","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shane Richard M.","contributorId":128320,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shane Richard M.","id":536335,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Shope, William G. Jr.","contributorId":106649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014904,"text":"70014904 - 1991 - Climatic significance of the ostracode fauna from the Pliocene Kap Kobenhavn Formation, north Greenland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014904","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic significance of the ostracode fauna from the Pliocene Kap Kobenhavn Formation, north Greenland","docAbstract":"The Kap Kobenhavn Formation crops out in Greenland at 80??N latitude and marks the most northerly onshore Pliocene locality known. The sands and silts that comprise the formation were deposited in marginal marine and shallow marine environments. An abundant and diverse vertebrate and invertebrate fauna and plant megafossil flora provide age and paleoclimatic constraints. The age estimated for the Kap Kobenhavn ranges from 2.0 to 3.0 million years old. Winter and summer bottom water paleotemperatures were estimated on the basis of the ostracode assemblages. The marine ostracode fauna in units B1 and B2 indicate a subfrigid to frigid marine climate, with estimated minimum sea bottom temperatures (SBT) of -2??C and estimated maximum SBT of 6-8??C. Sediments assigned to unit B2 at locality 72 contain a higher proportion of warm water genera, and the maximum SBT is estimated at 9-10??C. The marginal marine fauna in the uppermost unit B3 (locality 68) indicates a cold temperate to subfrigid marine climate, with an estimated minimum SBT of -2??C and an estimated maximum SBT ranging as high as 12-14??C. These temperatures indicated that, on the average, the Kap Kobenhavn winters in the late Pliocene were similar to or perhaps 1-2??C warmer than winters today and that summer temperatures were 7-8??C warmer than today. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Brouwers, E., Jorgensen, N., and Cronin, T.M., 1991, Climatic significance of the ostracode fauna from the Pliocene Kap Kobenhavn Formation, north Greenland: Micropaleontology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 245-267.","startPage":"245","endPage":"267","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f668e4b0c8380cd4c74f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brouwers, E. M.","contributorId":98319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"E. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgensen, N.O.","contributorId":19304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"N.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":369575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016891,"text":"70016891 - 1991 - Identification of dissolved-constituent sources in mine-site ground water using batch mixing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T11:53:22","indexId":"70016891","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of dissolved-constituent sources in mine-site ground water using batch mixing","docAbstract":"Batch-mixing experiments were used to help identify lithologic and mineralogic sources of increased concentrations of dissolved solids in water affected by surface coal mining in northwestern Colorado. Ten overburden core samples were analyzed for mineral composition and mixed with distilled water for 90 days until mineral-water equilibrium was reached. Between one day and 90 days after initial contact, specific conductance in the sample mixtures had a median increase of 306 percent. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 200 to 8,700 mg/L in water samples extracted from the mixtures after 90 days. Mass-balance simulations were conducted using the geochemical models BALANCE and WATEQF to quantify mineral-water interactions occurring in five selected sample mixtures and in water collected from a spring at a reclaimed mine site. The spring water is affected by mineral-water interactions occurring in all of the lithologic units comprising the overburden. Results of the simulations indicate that oxidation of pyrite, dissolution of dolomite, gypsum, and epsomite, and cation-exchange reactions are the primary mineral-water interactions occurring in the overburden. Three lithologic units in the overburden (a coal, a sandstone, and a shale) probably contribute most of the dissolved solids to the spring water. Water sample extracts from mixtures using core from these three units accounted for 85 percent of the total dissolved solids in the 10 sample extracts. Other lithologic units in the over-burden probably contribute smaller quantities of dissolved solids to the spring water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb03116.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., and Williams, R.S., 1991, Identification of dissolved-constituent sources in mine-site ground water using batch mixing: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 27, no. 1, p. 93-100, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb03116.x.","startPage":"93","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267708,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb03116.x"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3826e4b0c8380cd61470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Gregory M. gmclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Gregory","email":"gmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Robert S. Jr.","contributorId":95207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016817,"text":"70016817 - 1991 - Martian paleolakes and waterways: Exobiological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016817","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2960,"text":"Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Martian paleolakes and waterways: Exobiological implications","docAbstract":"The problems of how warm and wet Mars once was and when climate transitions may have occurred are not well understood. Mars may have had an early environment similar to Earth's that was conductive to the ermergence of life. In addition, increasing geologic evidence indicates that water, upon which terrestrial life depends, has been present on Mars throughout its history. This evidence suggests that life could have developed not only on early Mars but also over longer periods of time in longer lasting, more clement local environments. Indications of past or present life most likely would be found in areas where liquid water existed in sufficient quantities to provide for the needs of biological systems. We suggest that paleolakes may have provided such environments. Unlike the case on Earth, this record of the origin and evolution of life has probably not been erased by extensive deformation of the Martian surface. Our work has identified eleven prospective areas where large lacustrine basins may once have existed. These areas are important for future biological, geological, and climatological investigations. ?? 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01809447","issn":"01696149","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.H., Rice, J.W., and Dohm, J.M., 1991, Martian paleolakes and waterways: Exobiological implications: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere, v. 21, no. 3, p. 189-198, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01809447.","startPage":"189","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01809447"},{"id":224804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5233e4b0c8380cd6c231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, D. H.","contributorId":73565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, J. W. Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016894,"text":"70016894 - 1991 - Tidal resuspension of sediments in northern Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-20T11:15:59.536287","indexId":"70016894","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal resuspension of sediments in northern Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Tidal resuspension experiments were carried out on two occasions during the winter of 1988–1989 at a disposal site for hydraulically dredged sediments in northern Chesapeake Bay to determine the influence of tidal resuspension on erosion of recent deposits. The results indicate that normal tidal erosion depths were only a fraction of a millimeter per half tidal cycle and probably did not account for the majority of the apparent sediment loss. Erosion rate was found to be a linear function of the excess of estimated shear stress over a critical value, but both the constant of proportionality (<i>M</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.5 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>/h) and the critical shear stress (<i>τ</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.16 dynes/cm<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>were much less than many previously reported results. The most likely explanation for these low values is that the thin layer of surface sediments involved in regular tidal resuspension had only a few hours at most to consolidate between resuspension events. Observed resuspended sediment concentrations (up to 35 mg/l above background levels) were much less than those reported for previous observations of tidal resuspension in the nearby channel, presumably due to greater stratification and lower tidal velocities at the disposal site. Salinity-induced stratification of the water column is estimated to have reduced shear stresses by up to 50% relative to the neutrally stratified case. Regular tidal resuspension of a thin layer of surface sediments is implicated as a potentially important aspect of the typical benthic environment of northern Chesapeake Bay, even if it is not the most important factor in massive sediment erosion and transport.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(91)90020-5","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Sanford, L., Panageotou, W., and Halka, J., 1991, Tidal resuspension of sediments in northern Chesapeake Bay: Marine Geology, v. 97, no. 1-2, p. 87-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90020-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb379e4b08c986b325de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, L.P.","contributorId":34273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panageotou, W.","contributorId":16989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panageotou","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halka, J.P.","contributorId":27551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halka","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016900,"text":"70016900 - 1991 - Evaluation of geographic information systems for three-dimensional ground-water modeling, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70016900","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of geographic information systems for three-dimensional ground-water modeling, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Fully three-dimensional representations of the geologic system at Yucca Mountain have been developed using a Geoscientific Information System, which is an expansion of a traditional Geographic Information Systems. These advanced, three dimensional, representations of Yucca Mountain are required to adequately evaluate the complex geologic and hydrologic conditions surrounding the site. This Geoscientific Information System will be used to store, analyze, and display site data. The system also will provide a link between geologic and hydrologic data and the numerical ground-water-flow model resulting in more easy testing of hypotheses concerning the conceptual model of the geohydrologic system at Yucca Mountain.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628310","usgsCitation":"Turner, A.K., Ervin, E.M., and Downey, J.S., 1991, Evaluation of geographic information systems for three-dimensional ground-water modeling, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991, p. 520-528.","startPage":"520","endPage":"528","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c79e4b0c8380cd52b79","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536353,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Turner, A. Keith","contributorId":39400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ervin, Elisabeth M.","contributorId":28377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downey, Joe S.","contributorId":102454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downey","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016818,"text":"70016818 - 1991 - An analytical model for in situ extraction of organic vapors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016818","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analytical model for in situ extraction of organic vapors","docAbstract":"This paper introduces a simple convective-flow model that can be used as a screening tool and for conducting sensitivity analyses for in situ vapor extraction of organic compounds from porous media. An assumption basic to this model was that the total mass of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) exists in three forms: as vapors, in the soil solution, and adsorbed to soil particles. The equilibrium partitioning between the vapor-liquid phase was described by Henry's law constants (K(H)) and between the liquid-soil phase by soil adsorption constants (K(d)) derived from soil organic carbon-water partition coefficients (K(oc)). The model was used to assess the extractability of 36 VOCs from a hypothetical site. Most of the VOCs appeared to be removable from soil by this technology, although modeling results suggested that rates for the alcohols and ketones may be very slow. In general, rates for weakly adsorbed compounds (K(oc) < 100 mL/g) were significantly higher when K(H) was greater than 10-4 atm??m3??mol-1. When K(oc) was greater than about 100 mL/g, the rates of extraction were sensitive to the amount of organic carbon present in the soil. The air permeability of the soil material (k) was a critical factor. In situ extraction needs careful evaluation when k is less than 10 millidarcies to determine its applicability. An increase in the vacuum applied to an extraction well accelerated removal rates but the diameter of the well had little effect. However, an increase in the length of the well screen open to the contaminated zone significantly affected removal rates, especially in low-permeability materials.This paper introduces a simple convective-flow model that can be used as a screening tool and for conducting sensitivity analyses for in situ vapor extraction of organic compounds from porous media. An assumption basic to this model was that the total mass of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) exists in three forms: as vapors, in the soil solution, and adsorbed to soil particles. The equilibrium partitioning between the vapor-liquid phase was described by Henry's law constants (KH) and between the liquid-soil phase by soil adsorption constants (Kd) derived from soil organic carbon-water partition coefficients (Koc). The model was used to assess the extractability of 36 VOCs from a hypothetical site. Most of the VOCs appeared to be removable from soil by this technology, although modeling results suggested that rates for the alcohols and ketones may be very slow. In general, rates for weakly adsorbed compounds (Koc < 100 mL/g) were significantly higher when KH was greater than 10-4atm-m3-mol-1. When Koc was greater than about 100 mL/g, the rates of extraction were sensitive to the amount of organic carbon present in the soil. The air permeability of the soil material (k) was a critical factor. In situ extraction needs careful evaluation when k is less than 10 millidarcies to determine its applicability. An increase in the vacuum applied to an extraction well accelerated removal rates but the diameter of the well had little effect. However, an increase in the length of the well screen open to the contaminated zone significantly affected removal rates, especially in low-permeability materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0304-3894(91)85026-J","issn":"03043894","usgsCitation":"Roy, W.R., and Griffin, R.A., 1991, An analytical model for in situ extraction of organic vapors: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 26, no. 3, p. 301-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(91)85026-J.","startPage":"301","endPage":"317","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(91)85026-J"},{"id":224805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f8e4b0c8380cd48573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, R. A.","contributorId":46211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016864,"text":"70016864 - 1991 - Ground-water recharge from streamflow data, NW Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016864","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground-water recharge from streamflow data, NW Florida","docAbstract":"Annual base flows of streams draining Okaloosa County and adjacent areas in northwest Florida were determined through hydrograph separation and correlation techniques for purposes of evaluating variations in ground-water recharge rates. Base flows were least in the northern part of the county and greatest in the southern part. Topographic and soils data were then superimposed on the distribution of base flow by subbasin to produce a map showing distribution of ground-water recharge throughout the county. The highest recharge rate occurs in the southern part of the county where relatively flat upland areas underlain by excessively drained sandy soils result in minimal storm runoff and evapotranspiration.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Vecchioli, J., Bridges, W.C., Rumenik, R.P., and Grubbs, J.W., 1991, Ground-water recharge from streamflow data, NW Florida, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 153-160.","startPage":"153","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2cdde4b0c8380cd5bd9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bridges, W. C.","contributorId":73996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rumenik, Roger P.","contributorId":42626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumenik","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grubbs, J. W.","contributorId":77139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubbs","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016796,"text":"70016796 - 1991 - Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016796","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Oklahoma Geological Survey has developed several maps and reports for preliminary screening of the state of Oklahoma to identify areas that are generally acceptable or unacceptable for disposal of a wide variety of waste materials. These maps and reports focus on the geologic and hydrogeologic parameters that must be evaluated in the screening process. One map (and report) shows the outcrop distribution of 35 thick shale or clay units that are generally suitable for use as host rocks for surface disposal of wastes. A second map shows the distribution of unconsolidated alluvial and terrace-deposit aquifers, and a third map shows the distribution and hydrologic character of bedrock aquifers and their recharge areas. These latter two maps show the areas in the state where special attention must be exercised in permitting storage or disposal of waste materials that could degrade the quality of groundwater. State regulatory agencies and industry are using these maps and reports in preliminary screening of the state to identify potential disposal sites. These maps in no way replace the need for site-specific investigations to prove (or disprove) the adequacy of a site to safely contain waste materials. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01716069","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., 1991, Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 17, no. 1, p. 3-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716069.","startPage":"3","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205495,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716069"},{"id":224510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a528e4b0e8fec6cdbd4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016723,"text":"70016723 - 1991 - Weathering and its effect upon geochemical dispersion at the polymetallic Wagga Tank deposit, N.S.W., Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T23:39:13.022329","indexId":"70016723","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weathering and its effect upon geochemical dispersion at the polymetallic Wagga Tank deposit, N.S.W., Australia","docAbstract":"<p>The Wagga Tank Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au deposit comprises multiple, steeply dipping and structurally controlled sulfide lodes within Early Devonian turbidites and volcaniclastics. Complete weathering at the prospect extends to 100 m below the current land surface. Detailed geochemical studies of drill-derived regolith material were supplemented by extensive mineralogical investigations and enable the major features of the weathered profile to be delineated.</p><p>The profile consists of soil with reworked portions of a ferruginous lateritic capping within a largely transported overburden. Below the soil, some residual ferruginous capping (characterized by maghemite) occurs above a kaolinite-rich zone which passes into goethitic saprolite containing alunitejarosite family minerals. This lateritic profile was developed during the Tertiary period prior to the Late Miocene onset of more arid conditions. Within the goethitic saprolite, Pb and some Au have remained in their Miocene positions. However, the distributions of Cu and Zn largely reflect the effect of post-Miocene aridity. Thus, these elements (and some Au) are concentrated as supergene minerals at the current water table, with isolated zones higher in the weathered profile reflecting former levels of the water table.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(91)90050-5","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Scott, K.M., Rabone, G., and Chaffee, M., 1991, Weathering and its effect upon geochemical dispersion at the polymetallic Wagga Tank deposit, N.S.W., Australia: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 40, no. 1-3, p. 413-426, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90050-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfb7e4b08c986b32ea6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, K. M.","contributorId":8119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabone, G.","contributorId":105862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabone","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016873,"text":"70016873 - 1991 - A refinement of the combination equations for evaporation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016873","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3503,"text":"Surveys in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A refinement of the combination equations for evaporation","docAbstract":"Most combination equations for evaporation rely on a linear expansion of the saturation vapor-pressure curve around the air temperature. Because the temperature at the surface may differ from this temperature by several degrees, and because the saturation vapor-pressure curve is nonlinear, this approximation leads to a certain degree of error in those evaporation equations. It is possible, however, to introduce higher-order polynomial approximations for the saturation vapor-pressure curve and to derive a family of explicit equations for evaporation, having any desired degree of accuracy. Under the linear approximation, the new family of equations for evaporation reduces, in particular cases, to the combination equations of H. L. Penman (Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A193, 120-145, 1948) and of subsequent workers. Comparison of the linear and quadratic approximations leads to a simple approximate expression for the error associated with the linear case. Equations based on the conventional linear approximation consistently underestimate evaporation, sometimes by a substantial amount. ?? 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Surveys in Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01903416","issn":"01693298","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., 1991, A refinement of the combination equations for evaporation: Surveys in Geophysics, v. 12, no. 1-3, p. 145-154, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01903416.","startPage":"145","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205555,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01903416"},{"id":224808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e541e4b0c8380cd46c3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016865,"text":"70016865 - 1991 - Characteristics of low-slope streams that affect O2 transfer rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:30:51","indexId":"70016865","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Characteristics of low-slope streams that affect O2 transfer rates","docAbstract":"Multiple-regression techniques were used to derive the reaeration coefficients estimating equation for low sloped streams: K2 = 3.83 MBAS-0.41 SL0.20 H-0.76, where K2 is the reaeration coefficient in base e units per day; MBAS is the methylene blue active substances concentration in milligrams per liter; SL is the water-surface slope in foot per foot; and H is the mean-flow depth in feet. Fourteen hydraulic, physical, and water-quality characteristics were regressed against 29 measured-reaeration coefficients for low-sloped (water surface slopes less than 0.002 foot per foot) streams in Massachusetts and New York. Reaeration coefficients measured from May 1985 to October 1988 ranged from 0.2 to 11.0 base e units per day for 29 low-sloped tracer studies. Concentration of methylene blue active substances is significant because it is thought to be an indicator of concentration of surfactants which could change the surface tension at the air-water interface.","largerWorkTitle":"Air-Water Mass Transfer","conferenceTitle":"2nd International Symposium on Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces","conferenceDate":"11 September 1990 through 14 September 1990","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628469","usgsCitation":"Parker, G.W., and DeSimone, L.A., 1991, Characteristics of low-slope streams that affect O2 transfer rates, <i>in</i> Air-Water Mass Transfer, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 11 September 1990 through 14 September 1990, p. 362-377.","startPage":"362","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f49be4b0c8380cd4bdf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, Gene W. gwparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Gene","email":"gwparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":374692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":195635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016735,"text":"70016735 - 1991 - Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016735","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"In part of a large abandoned mining complex, electromagnetic geophysical surveys were used along with data derived from cores and monitoring wells to infer sources of contamination and subsurface hydrologic connections between acidic refuse deposits and adjacent undisturbed geologic materials. Electrical resistivity increases sharply along the boundary of an elevated deposit of pyritic coarse refuse, which is highly contaminated and electrically conductive, indicating poor subsurface hydrologic connections with surrounding deposits of fine refuse and undisturbed glacial material. Groundwater chemistry, as reflected in values of specific conductance, also differs markedly across the deposit's boundary, indicating that a widespread contaminant plume has not developed around the coarse refuse in more than 40 yr since the deposit was created. Most acidic drainage from the coarse refuse is by surface runoff and is concentrated around stream channels. Although most of the contaminated groundwater within the study area is concentrated within the surficial refuse deposits, transects of apparent resistivity and phase angle indicate the existence of an anomalous conductive layer at depth (>4 m) in thick alluvial sediments along the northern boundary of the mining complex. Based on knowledge of local geology, the anomaly is interpreted to represent a subsurface connection between the alluvium and a flooded abandoned underground mine. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01704576","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Brooks, G., Olyphant, G., and Harper, D., 1991, Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 18, no. 1, p. 39-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01704576.","startPage":"39","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704576"},{"id":224457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9de4b0c8380cd493a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, G.A.","contributorId":23566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olyphant, G.A.","contributorId":51023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olyphant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, D.","contributorId":28752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016890,"text":"70016890 - 1991 - Vertical structure of cross-shore currents from wind-induced setup","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70016890","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Vertical structure of cross-shore currents from wind-induced setup","docAbstract":"Most of the storm surge models presented in the literature are vertically averaged and calculate only the sea-surface elevation and mean flow. Whereas these models may be adequate for predicting storm surge heights for flooding purposes, they neglect the vertical structure of the flow and the boundary shear stress, which are both critical for predicting cross-shore sediment transport. The steady and horizontally uniform equations of motion are used here to compute the sea-surface slope, the vertical structure of the cross-shore currents, and the boundary shear stress in a shallow wind dominated environment. The steady state model developed here balances the pressure gradient and the stress divergence, resulting in sea-surface slope and associated pressure gradient in the opposite direction of the wind, thus inducing a reversal in the currents near the bed. The Reynolds stress is modeled with a depth-dependent turbulent diffusion coefficient so that both the boundary shear stress and the velocity field are calculated, avoiding the need to set a bottom drag coefficient. Input parameters for this model are simply the wind stress, the water depth, and z0, the bed roughness parameter. A sensitivity test of the model results to various values of z0 indicates that large changes in z0 cause only minor differences in the surface slope, and moderate differences in the velocity field and boundary shear stress. Given the sediment size distribution and the small scale morphology of the bed, a reasonable estimate of z0 may be obtained and the above uncertainty will be nearly eliminated.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '91","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of a Specialty Conference on Quantitative Approaches to Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceDate":"25 June 1991 through 27 June 1991","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628086","usgsCitation":"Gelfenbaum, G., 1991, Vertical structure of cross-shore currents from wind-induced setup, <i>in</i> Coastal Sediments '91, Seattle, WA, USA, 25 June 1991 through 27 June 1991, p. 745-759.","startPage":"745","endPage":"759","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc243e4b08c986b32aa1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016436,"text":"70016436 - 1991 - An AEM-TEM study of weathering and diagenesis, Abert Lake, Oregon: II. Diagenetic modification of the sedimentary assemblage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T14:59:40.538409","indexId":"70016436","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An AEM-TEM study of weathering and diagenesis, Abert Lake, Oregon: II. Diagenetic modification of the sedimentary assemblage","docAbstract":"<p>This paper compares the mineralogy and chemistry of clay minerals in sediments from various depths and positions in Abert Lake and surrounding playa with those of the weathered materials entering the lake in order to reveal the nature and extent of post-depositional mineralogical modification.</p><p>Analytical electron microscope (AEM) data from individual clay particles reveal that each sample is comprised of a highly inhomogeneous smectite assemblage. The thin clay flakes (commonly less than 10 nm wide) display a complete range in octahedral sheet compositions from nearly dioctahedral to nearly trioctahedral. The very abundant Mg-rich lake smectites with an estimated composition K<sub>0.29</sub>(Al<sub>0.23</sub>-Mg<sub>2.16</sub>Fe<sub>0.30</sub>)Si<sub>3.80</sub>Al<sub>0.20</sub>O<sub>10</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>are not formed by weathering. This confirms the importance of diagenetic Mg uptake. Lattice-fringe imaging failed to reveal distinct brucite-like or vermiculite-like layers, suggesting that interstratifications of this type are rare or absent. Siliceous coatings on clay particles (identified by silica excess in smectite analyses) seem to favor topotactic overgrowth of stevensite rather than addition of brucite-like layers to the dioctahedral nuclei. The growth of K-stevensite dilutes the Al content of the crystal, and thus the increasing diagenetic modification reduces rather than supplements its illite component.</p><p>Smectite compositions within individual samples were highly variable, yet source-related characteristics such as the abundance of Fe-rich smectite were apparent. Little evidence for systematic K or Mg enrichment with depth was identified in samples from depths of down to 16 feet below the sediment-water interface. The most magnesian assemblages are associated both with weathering sources of Mg-rich smectite and playa environments subjected to repeated wetting and drying cycles. Thus, the observations suggest that clay compositions primarily reflect changes in lake levels, brine composition, and source characteristics, rather than time and depth/compaction effects. Other diagenetic reactions in the sediment include recrystallization of Na-rich silica gel and diatom fragments. Abundant, submicron-sized, untwinned, euhedral crystals of K-feldspar are interpreted to be authigenic in origin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90445-B","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Banfield, J., Jones, B., and Veblen, D., 1991, An AEM-TEM study of weathering and diagenesis, Abert Lake, Oregon: II. Diagenetic modification of the sedimentary assemblage: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 10, p. 2795-2810, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90445-B.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2795","endPage":"2810","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479778,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90445-b","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cde4b0c8380cd48480","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banfield, J.F.","contributorId":48710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banfield","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Veblen, D.R.","contributorId":25300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016795,"text":"70016795 - 1991 - A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016795","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States","docAbstract":"Beginning in 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey began an effort to develop a National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The basic premise underlying this initiative is that a better understanding of the quality of water resources across the country, both surface- and groundwater, is needed to develop effective programs and policies to meet the nation's water-quality concerns. The program will focus on water-quality conditions that are prevalent or large in scale, such as occur from nonpoint sources of pollution or from a high density of point sources. The design of the program is substantially different from the traditional approach of a diffuse national monitoring network. The major activities of the assessment program will be clustered within a set of hydrologic systems (river basins and aquifer systems), referred to as study units. In aggregate, the study units will account for a large part of the nation's water use and represent a wide range of settings across the country. Unique attributes of the program include: (1) the use of consistent study approaches, field and laboratory methods, water-quality measurements, and ancillary data measurements for all study units; (2) the development of a progressive understanding of water-quality conditions and trends in each study unit through long-term studies that rotate periods of intensive data collection and analysis with periods during which the assessment activities are less intensive; and (3) the focus of considerable effort on synthesizing results from among the study units to provide information on regional and national water-quality issues. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01716071","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., and Cohen, P., 1991, A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 17, no. 1, p. 17-22, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716071.","startPage":"17","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716071"},{"id":224509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57ae4b0c8380cd46d66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, P.","contributorId":55969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}