We describe use of Fort Collins, Colorado, and nearby areas by bats in 2001–2005, and link patterns in bat ecology with concurrent public health surveillance for rabies. Our analyses are based on evaluation of summary statistics, and information-theoretic support for results of simple logistic regression. Based on captures in mist nets, the city bat fauna differed from that of the adjacent mountains, and was dominated by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Species, age, and sex composition of bats submitted for rabies testing locally and along the urbanizing Front Range Corridor were similar to those of the mist-net captures and reflected the annual cycle of reproduction and activity of big brown bats. Few submissions occurred November- March, when these bats hibernated elsewhere. In summer females roosted in buildings in colonies and dominated health samples; fledging of young corresponded to a summer peak in health submissions with no increase in rabies prevalence. Roosting ecology of big brown bats in buildings was similar to that reported for natural sites, including colony size, roost-switching behavior, fidelity to roosts in a small area, and attributes important for roost selection. Attrition in roosts occurred from structural modifications of buildings to exclude colonies by citizens, but without major effects on long-term bat reproduction or survival. Bats foraged in areas set aside for nature conservation. A pattern of lower diversity in urban bat communities with dominance by big brown bats may occur widely in the USA, and is consistent with national public health records for rabies surveillance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11252-011-0182-7","issn":"10838155","usgsCitation":"O’Shea, T.J., Neubaum, D., Neubaum, M., Cryan, P.M., Ellison, L.E., Stanley, T., Rupprecht, C.E., Pape, W., and Bowen, R.A., 2011, Bat ecology and public health surveillance for rabies in an urbanizing region of Colorado: Urban Ecosystems, v. 14, no. 4, p. 665-697, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-011-0182-7.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"665","endPage":"697","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-011-0182-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fort Collins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.21881103515625,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -104.8809814453125,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -104.8809814453125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -105.21881103515625,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -105.21881103515625,\n 40.44694705960048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eff2e4b0c8380cd4a52a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. osheat@usgs.gov","contributorId":2327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"osheat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neubaum, D.J.","contributorId":43720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neubaum, M.A.","contributorId":50866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rupprecht, C. E.","contributorId":101602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rupprecht","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pape, W.J.","contributorId":101225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pape","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70033909,"text":"70033909 - 2011 - Transfer and transformation of soil iron and implications for hydrogeomorpholocial changes in Naoli River catchment, sanjiang plain, Northeast China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033909","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1231,"text":"Chinese Geographical Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transfer and transformation of soil iron and implications for hydrogeomorpholocial changes in Naoli River catchment, sanjiang plain, Northeast China","docAbstract":"Wetland soils are characterized by alternating redox process due to the fluctuation of waterlogged conditions. Iron is an important redox substance, and its transfer and transformation in the wetland ecosystem could be an effective indicator for the environment changes. In this paper, we selected the Naoli River catchment in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China as the study area to analyze the dynamics of transfer and transformation of soil iron, and the relationship between iron content change and environmental factors. The results show that the total and crystalline iron contents reach the peak in the depth of 60 cm in soil profile, while the amorphous iron content is higher in the topsoil. In the upper reaches, from the low to high landscape positions, the total and crystalline iron contents decrease from 62.98 g/kg to 41.61 g/kg, 22.82 g/kg to 10.53 g/kg respectively, while the amorphous iron content increases from 2.42 g/kg to 8.88 g/kg. Amorphous iron content has positive correlation with organic matter and soil water contents, while negative correlation with pH. Moreover, both the crystalline and amorphous iron contents present no correlation with total iron content, indicating that environmental factors play a more important role in the transfer and transformation of iron other than the content of the total iron. Different redoximorphic features were found along the soil profile due to the transfer and transformation of iron. E and B horizons of wetland soil in the study area have a matrix Chroma 2 or less, and all the soil types can meet the criteria of American hydric soil indicators except albic soil. ?? Science Press, Science Press, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Geographical Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11769-011-0454-4","issn":"10020063","usgsCitation":"Ming, J., Xianguo, L., Hongqing, W., Yuanchun, Z., and Haitao, W., 2011, Transfer and transformation of soil iron and implications for hydrogeomorpholocial changes in Naoli River catchment, sanjiang plain, Northeast China: Chinese Geographical Science, v. 21, no. 2, p. 149-158, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-011-0454-4.","startPage":"149","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11769-011-0454-4"},{"id":242208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6cce4b08c986b326ea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ming, J.","contributorId":107117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xianguo, L.","contributorId":64903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xianguo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hongqing, W.","contributorId":88965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hongqing","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yuanchun, Z.","contributorId":107949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuanchun","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haitao, W.","contributorId":28087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitao","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033816,"text":"70033816 - 2011 - An 1800-yr record of decadal-scale hydroclimatic variability in the upper Arkansas River basin from bristlecone pine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70033816","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An 1800-yr record of decadal-scale hydroclimatic variability in the upper Arkansas River basin from bristlecone pine","docAbstract":"Bristlecone pine trees are exceptionally long-lived, and with the incorporation of remnant material have been used to construct multi-millennial length ring-width chronologies. These chronologies can provide valuable information about past temperature and moisture variability. In this study, we outline a method to build a moisture-sensitive bristlecone chronology and assess the robustness and consistency of this sensitivity over the past 1200. yr using new reconstructions of Arkansas River flow (AD 1275-2002 and 1577-2002) and the summer Palmer Drought Sensitivity Index. The chronology, a composite built from parts of three collections in the central Rocky Mountains, is a proxy for decadal-scale moisture variability for the past 18 centuries. Since the sample size is small in some portions of the time series, the chronology should be considered preliminary; the timing and duration of drought events are likely the most robust characteristics. This chronology suggests that the region experienced increased aridity during the medieval period, as did much of western North America, but that the timing and duration of drought episodes within this period were somewhat different from those in other western locations, such as the upper Colorado River basin. ?? 2010 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.007","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Woodhouse, C., Pederson, G., and Gray, S., 2011, An 1800-yr record of decadal-scale hydroclimatic variability in the upper Arkansas River basin from bristlecone pine: Quaternary Research, v. 75, no. 3, p. 483-490, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.007.","startPage":"483","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214565,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.007"},{"id":242300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cce4b0c8380cd48477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodhouse, C.A.","contributorId":62407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pederson, G.T.","contributorId":19353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034056,"text":"70034056 - 2011 - Modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: Environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:28:10","indexId":"70034056","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: Environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction","docAbstract":"Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of deer, elk, and moose transmitted through direct, animal-to-animal contact, and indirectly, via environmental contamination. Considerable attention has been paid to modeling direct transmission, but despite the fact that CWD prions can remain infectious in the environment for years, relatively little information exists about the potential effects of indirect transmission on CWD dynamics. In the present study, we use simulation models to demonstrate how indirect transmission and the duration of environmental prion persistence may affect epidemics of CWD and populations of North American deer. Existing data from Colorado, Wyoming, and Wisconsin's CWD epidemics were used to define plausible short-term outcomes and associated parameter spaces. Resulting long-term outcomes range from relatively low disease prevalence and limited host-population decline to host-population collapse and extinction. Our models suggest that disease prevalence and the severity of population decline is driven by the duration that prions remain infectious in the environment. Despite relatively low epidemic growth rates, the basic reproductive number, R0, may be much larger than expected under the direct-transmission paradigm because the infectious period can vastly exceed the host's life span. High prion persistence is expected to lead to an increasing environmental pool of prions during the early phases (i.e. approximately during the first 50 years) of the epidemic. As a consequence, over this period of time, disease dynamics will become more heavily influenced by indirect transmission, which may explain some of the observed regional differences in age and sex-specific disease patterns. This suggests management interventions, such as culling or vaccination, will become increasingly less effective as CWD epidemics progress.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0019896","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Almberg, E., Cross, P.C., Johnson, C.J., Heisey, D.M., and Richards, B.J., 2011, Modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: Environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 5, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019896.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019896","text":"Publisher Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Christopher J. cjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"cjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heisey, Dennis M. dheisey@usgs.gov","contributorId":2455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"Dennis","email":"dheisey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richards, Bryan J. 0000-0001-9955-2523 brichards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-2523","contributorId":3533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Bryan","email":"brichards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034368,"text":"70034368 - 2011 - Mercury distribution and lipid oxidation in fish muscle: Effects of washing and isoelectric protein precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:48:40","indexId":"70034368","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury distribution and lipid oxidation in fish muscle: Effects of washing and isoelectric protein precipitation","docAbstract":"Nearly all the mercury (Hg) in whole muscle from whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and walleye (Sander vitreus) was present as methyl mercury (MeHg). The Hg content in whole muscle from whitefish and walleye was 0.04–0.09 and 0.14–0.81 ppm, respectively. The myofibril fraction contained approximately three-fourths of the Hg in whitefish and walleye whole muscle. The sarcoplasmic protein fraction (e.g., press juice) was the next most abundant source of Hg. Isolated myosin, triacylglycerols, and cellular membranes contained the least Hg. Protein isolates prepared by pH shifting in the presence of citric acid did not decrease Hg levels. Addition of cysteine during washing decreased the Hg content in washed muscle probably through the interaction of the sulfhydryl group in cysteine with MeHg. Primary and secondary lipid oxidation products were lower during 2 °C storage in isolates prepared by pH shifting compared to those of washed or unwashed mince from whole muscle. This was attributed to removing some of the cellular membranes by pH shifting. Washing the mince accelerated lipid peroxide formation but decreased secondary lipid oxidation products compared to that of the unwashed mince. This suggested that there was a lipid hydroperoxide generating system that was active upon dilution of aqueous antioxidants and pro-oxidants.
We investigated postbreeding resource selection by adult black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) on a 452-ha black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colony in the Conata Basin of South Dakota during 2007–2008. We used resource selection functions (RSFs) to evaluate relationships between numbers of ferret locations and numbers of prairie dog burrow openings (total or active), distances to colony edges, and connectivity of patches of burrow openings. In both years ferrets selected areas near edges of the prairie dog colony where active burrow openings were abundant. In the interior of the colony ferrets selected areas with low abundance of active burrow openings. At times, prairie dog productivity (i.e., pup abundance) might be greatest at colony edges often characterized by grasses; ferrets are likely to select areas where refuge and vulnerable prey are abundant. Ferrets could have used interior areas with few active burrow openings as corridors between edge areas with many active burrow openings. Also, in areas with few active burrow openings ferrets spend more time aboveground during movements and, thus, are likely to be more easily detected. These results complement previous studies demonstrating importance of refuge and prey in fine-scale resource selection by ferrets and provide insight into factors that might influence edge effects on ferret space use. Conservation and restoration of colonies with areas with high densities of burrow openings and prairie dogs, and corridors between such areas, are needed for continued recovery of the black-footed ferret. RSFs could complement coarse-scale habitat evaluations by providing finer-scale assessments of habitat for the black-footed ferret.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/10-MAMM-S-139.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Millspaugh, J., Biggins, E., Livieri, T., and Jachowski, D., 2011, Postbreeding resource selection by adult black-footed ferrets in the Conata Basin, South Dakota: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 4, p. 760-770, https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-139.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"760","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-139.1"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e76e4b0c8380cd7a569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, D.A.","contributorId":68973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, J.J.","contributorId":99105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livieri, T.M.","contributorId":96910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jachowski, D.S.","contributorId":67309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033953,"text":"70033953 - 2011 - Advancing environmental toxicology through chemical dosimetry: External exposures versus tissue residues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033953","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advancing environmental toxicology through chemical dosimetry: External exposures versus tissue residues","docAbstract":"The tissue residue dose concept has been used, although in a limited manner, in environmental toxicology for more than 100 y. This review outlines the history of this approach and the technical background for organic chemicals and metals. Although the toxicity of both can be explained in tissue residue terms, the relationship between external exposure concentration, body and/or tissues dose surrogates, and the effective internal dose at the sites of toxic action tends to be more complex for metals. Various issues and current limitations related to research and regulatory applications are also examined. It is clear that the tissue residue approach (TRA) should be an integral component in future efforts to enhance the generation, understanding, and utility of toxicity testing data, both in the laboratory and in the field. To accomplish these goals, several key areas need to be addressed: 1) development of a risk-based interpretive framework linking toxicology and ecology at multiple levels of biological organization and incorporating organism-based dose metrics; 2) a broadly applicable, generally accepted classification scheme for modes/mechanisms of toxic action with explicit consideration of residue information to improve both single chemical and mixture toxicity data interpretation and regulatory risk assessment; 3) toxicity testing protocols updated to ensure collection of adequate residue information, along with toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics information, based on explicitly defined toxicological models accompanied by toxicological model validation; 4) continued development of residueeffect databases is needed ensure their ongoing utility; and 5) regulatory guidance incorporating residue-based testing and interpretation approaches, essential in various jurisdictions. ??:2010 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ieam.98","issn":"15513793","usgsCitation":"McCarty, L., Landrum, P., Luoma, S., Meador, J., Merten, A., Shephard, B., and van Wezelzz, A., 2011, Advancing environmental toxicology through chemical dosimetry: External exposures versus tissue residues: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 7, no. 1, p. 7-27, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.98.","startPage":"7","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.98"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e706e4b0c8380cd477da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarty, L.S.","contributorId":10237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landrum, P.F.","contributorId":98423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landrum","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meador, J.P.","contributorId":68545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merten, A.A.","contributorId":34336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merten","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shephard, B.K.","contributorId":102700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shephard","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Wezelzz, A.P.","contributorId":66076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wezelzz","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034572,"text":"70034572 - 2011 - Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (anaxyrus boreas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T17:26:38.842512","indexId":"70034572","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (anaxyrus boreas)","docAbstract":"Much attention has been given to the conservation of small populations, those that are small because of decline, and those that are naturally small. Small populations are of particular interest because ecological theory suggests that they are vulnerable to the deleterious effects of environmental, demographic, and genetic stochasticity as well as natural and human-induced catastrophes. However, testing theory and developing applicable conservation measures for small populations is hampered by sparse data. This lack of information is frequently driven by computational issues with small data sets that can be confounded by the impacts of stressors. We present estimates of demographic parameters from a small population of Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) that has been surveyed since 2001 by using capture–recapture methods. Estimates of annual adult survival probability are high relative to other Boreal Toad populations, whereas estimates of recruitment rate are low. Despite using simple models, clear patterns emerged from the analyses, suggesting that population size is constrained by low recruitment of adults and is declining slowly. These patterns provide insights that are useful in developing management directions for this small population, and this study serves as an example of the potential for small populations to yield robust and useful information despite sample size constraints.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00016.1","issn":"00180831","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., and Scherer, R.D., 2011, Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (anaxyrus boreas): Herpetologica, v. 67, no. 4, p. 369-377, https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00016.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00016.1"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e00e4b0c8380cd7a2a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033815,"text":"70033815 - 2011 - GSD-1G and MPI-DING Reference Glasses for In Situ and Bulk Isotopic Determination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033815","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1822,"text":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GSD-1G and MPI-DING Reference Glasses for In Situ and Bulk Isotopic Determination","docAbstract":"This paper contains the results of an extensive isotopic study of United States Geological Survey GSD-1G and MPI-DING reference glasses. Thirteen different laboratories were involved using high-precision bulk (TIMS, MC-ICP-MS) and microanalytical (LA-MC-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS) techniques. Detailed studies were performed to demonstrate the large-scale and small-scale homogeneity of the reference glasses. Together with previously published isotopic data from ten other laboratories, preliminary reference and information values as well as their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level were determined for H, O, Li, B, Si, Ca, Sr, Nd, Hf, Pb, Th and U isotopes using the recommendations of the International Association of Geoanalysts for certification of reference materials. Our results indicate that GSD-1G and the MPI-DING glasses are suitable reference materials for microanalytical and bulk analytical purposes. Ce document contient les r??sultats d'une importante ??tude isotopique des verres de r??f??rence USGS GSD-1G et MPI-DING. Treize laboratoires diff??rents ont particip?? au travers de techniques analytiques de haute pr??cision travaillant soit sur ??chantillon total (TIMS, MC-ICP-MS) soit par microanalyse ??in situ?? (LA-MC-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS). ?? 2010 The Authors. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research ?? 2010 International Association of Geoanalysts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00114.x","issn":"16394488","usgsCitation":"Jochum, K., Wilson, S., Abouchami, W., Amini, M., Chmeleff, J., Eisenhauer, A., Hegner, E., Iaccheri, L., Kieffer, B., Krause, J., McDonough, W., Mertz-Kraus, R., Raczek, I., Rudnick, R., Scholz, D.K., Steinhoefel, G., Stoll, B., Stracke, A., Tonarini, S., Weis, D., Weis, U., and Woodhead, J., 2011, GSD-1G and MPI-DING Reference Glasses for In Situ and Bulk Isotopic Determination: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 193-226, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00114.x.","startPage":"193","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214531,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00114.x"},{"id":242266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1486e4b0c8380cd54a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jochum, K.P.","contributorId":35139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jochum","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, S. 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A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abouchami, W.","contributorId":103886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abouchami","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amini, M.","contributorId":6673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chmeleff, J.","contributorId":89733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chmeleff","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eisenhauer, A.","contributorId":101099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenhauer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hegner, E.","contributorId":32304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hegner","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Iaccheri, L.M.","contributorId":39209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iaccheri","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kieffer, B.","contributorId":71781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Krause, J.","contributorId":56874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McDonough, W.F.","contributorId":97314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonough","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mertz-Kraus, R.","contributorId":15024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mertz-Kraus","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Raczek, I.","contributorId":83751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raczek","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rudnick, R.L.","contributorId":90122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudnick","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Scholz, Donna K.","contributorId":105135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholz","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Steinhoefel, G.","contributorId":54421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinhoefel","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Stoll, B.","contributorId":7926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoll","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Stracke, A.","contributorId":108326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stracke","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Tonarini, S.","contributorId":38790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonarini","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Weis, D.","contributorId":62035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Weis, U.","contributorId":15025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Woodhead, J.D.","contributorId":70608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhead","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}} ,{"id":70034386,"text":"70034386 - 2011 - Will an \"island\" population of voles be recolonized if eradicated? Insights from molecular genetic analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T18:36:10.681181","indexId":"70034386","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Will an \"island\" population of voles be recolonized if eradicated? Insights from molecular genetic analyses","docAbstract":"We performed genetic analyses of Microtus longicaudus populations within the Crook Point Unit of the Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge. A M. longicaudus population at Saddle Rock (located approx. 65 m off‐shore from the Crook Point mainland) is suspected to be partially responsible for declines of a Leach's storm‐petrel colony at this important nesting site. Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism markers and mitochondrial DNA, we illustrate that Saddle Rock and Crook Point function as separate island and mainland populations despite their close proximity. In addition to genetic structure, we also observed reduced genetic diversity at Saddle Rock, suggesting that little individual movement occurs between populations. If local resource managers decide to perform an eradication at Saddle Rock, we conclude that immediate recolonization of the island by M. longicaudus would be unlikely. Because M. longicaudus is native to Oregon, we also consider the degree with which the differentiation of Saddle Rock signifies the presence of a unique entity that warrants conservation rather than eradication
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.203","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Haig, S.M., Ledig, D.B., Vander Heyden, M.F., and Bennett, G., 2011, Will an \"island\" population of voles be recolonized if eradicated? Insights from molecular genetic analyses: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 8, p. 1812-1818, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.203.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1812","endPage":"1818","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge.","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.4198226928711,\n 42.2424343809344\n ],\n [\n -124.40042495727538,\n 42.2424343809344\n ],\n [\n -124.40042495727538,\n 42.255458951809786\n ],\n [\n -124.4198226928711,\n 42.255458951809786\n ],\n [\n -124.4198226928711,\n 42.2424343809344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd10ae4b08c986b32f1d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ledig, David B.","contributorId":27645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ledig","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vander Heyden, Madeleine F.","contributorId":94887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Heyden","given":"Madeleine","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, Gregory","contributorId":72011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034387,"text":"70034387 - 2011 - Oxygen-isotope trends and seawater temperature changes across the Late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon-isotope excursion (SPICE event)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T11:58:11.754448","indexId":"70034387","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen-isotope trends and seawater temperature changes across the Late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon-isotope excursion (SPICE event)","docAbstract":"The globally recognized Late Cambrian Steptoean positive C-isotope excursion (SPICE) is characterized by a 3‰–5‰ positive δ13C shift spanning <4 m.y. Existing hypotheses suggest that the SPICE represents a widespread ocean anoxic event leading to enhanced burial/preservation of organic matter (Corg) and pyrite. We analyzed δ18O values of apatitic inarticulate brachiopods from three Upper Cambrian successions across Laurentia to evaluate paleotemperatures during the SPICE. δ18O values range from ∼12.5‰ to 16.5‰. Estimated seawater temperatures associated with the SPICE are unreasonably warm, suggesting that the brachiopod δ18O values were altered during early diagenesis. Despite this, all three localities show similar trends with respect to the SPICE δ13C curve, suggesting that the brachiopod apatite preserves a record of relative δ18O and temperature changes. The trends include relatively high δ18O values at the onset of the SPICE, decreasing and lowest values during the main event, and an increase in values at the end of the event. The higher δ18O values during the global extinction at the onset of the SPICE suggests seawater cooling and supports earlier hypotheses of upwelling of cool waters onto the shallow shelf. Decreasing and low δ18O values coincident with the rising limb of the SPICE support the hypothesis that seawater warming and associated reduced thermohaline circulation rates contributed to decreased dissolved O2 concentrations, which enhanced the preservation/burial of Corg causing the positive δ13C shift.
A national dataset on concentrations of mercury in fish, compiled mainly from state and federal monitoring programs, was used to evaluate trends in mercury (Hg) in fish from US rivers and lakes. Trends were analyzed on data aggregated by site and by state, using samples of the same fish species and tissue type, and using fish of similar lengths. Site-based trends were evaluated from 1969 to 2005, but focused on a subset of the data from 1969 to 1987. Data aggregated by state were used to evaluate trends in fish Hg concentrations from 1988 to 2005. In addition, the most recent Hg fish data (1996–2005) were compared to wet Hg deposition data from the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) over the same period. Downward trends in Hg concentrations in fish from data collected during 1969–1987 exceeded upward trends by a ratio of 6 to 1. Declining Hg accumulation rates in sediment and peat cores reported by many studies during the 1970s and 1980s correspond with the period when the most downward trends in fish Hg concentrations occurred. Downward Hg trends in both sediment cores and fish were also consistent with the implementation of stricter regulatory controls of direct releases of Hg to the atmosphere and surface waters during the same period. The southeastern USA had more upward Hg trends in fish than other regions for both site and state aggregated data. Upward Hg trends in fish from the southeastern USA were associated with increases in wet deposition in the region and may be attributed to a greater influence of global atmospheric Hg emissions in the southeastern USA. No significant trends were found in 62% of the fish species from six states from 1996 to 2005. A lack of Hg trends in fish in the more recent data was consistent with the lack of trends in wet Hg deposition at MDN sites and with relatively constant global emissions during the same time period. Although few significant trends were observed in the more recent Hg concentrations in fish, it is anticipated that Hg concentrations in fish will respond to changes in atmospheric Hg deposition, however, the magnitude and timing of the response is uncertain.
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Changes in fluid and mineral compositions resulting from reactions, involving the co-injection of SO2 with CO2 were observed both theoretically and experimentally. Experiments were conducted with a natural hematite (α-Fe2O3) sample. A high pressure-high temperature apparatus was used to simulate conditions in geologic formations deeper than 800 m, where CO2 is in the supercritical state. Solid samples were allowed to react with a NaCl–NaOH brine and SO2-bearing CO2-dominated gas mixtures. The predicted equilibrium mineral assemblage at 100 °C and 250 bar became hematite, dawsonite (NaAl(OH)2CO3), siderite (FeCO3) and quartz (SiO2). Experimentally, siderite and dawsonite, derived from the presence of kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) in the parent material, were present in residual solids at longer reaction time intervals, which agreed well with results from the modelling work.
","conferenceTitle":"10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies","conferenceDate":"19 September 2010 through 23 September 2010","conferenceLocation":"Amsterdam","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.486","issn":"18766102","usgsCitation":"Garcia, S., Rosenbauer, R.J., Palandri, J., and Maroto-Valer, M.M., 2011, Experimental and simulation studies of iron oxides for geochemical fixation of CO2-SO2 gas mixtures: Energy Procedia, v. 4, p. 5108-5113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.486.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5108","endPage":"5113","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024566","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475182,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.486","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216571,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.486"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dc0e4b0c8380cd53195","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Susana","contributorId":140467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Susana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palandri, James","contributorId":61313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palandri","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes","contributorId":29666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maroto-Valer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mercedes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034591,"text":"70034591 - 2011 - Methods for assessing the stability of slopes during earthquakes-A retrospective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T16:30:06.196186","indexId":"70034591","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for assessing the stability of slopes during earthquakes-A retrospective","docAbstract":"During the twentieth century, several methods to assess the stability of slopes during earthquakes were developed. Pseudostatic analysis was the earliest method; it involved simply adding a permanent body force representing the earthquake shaking to a static limit-equilibrium analysis. Stress-deformation analysis, a later development, involved much more complex modeling of slopes using a mesh in which the internal stresses and strains within elements are computed based on the applied external loads, including gravity and seismic loads. Stress-deformation analysis provided the most realistic model of slope behavior, but it is very complex and requires a high density of high-quality soil-property data as well as an accurate model of soil behavior. In 1965, Newmark developed a method that effectively bridges the gap between these two types of analysis. His sliding-block model is easy to apply and provides a useful index of co-seismic slope performance. Subsequent modifications to sliding-block analysis have made it applicable to a wider range of landslide types. Sliding-block analysis provides perhaps the greatest utility of all the types of analysis. It is far easier to apply than stress-deformation analysis, and it yields much more useful information than does pseudostatic analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.09.017","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R., 2011, Methods for assessing the stability of slopes during earthquakes-A retrospective: Engineering Geology, v. 122, no. 1-2, p. 43-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.09.017.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215562,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.09.017"}],"volume":"122","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55a0e4b0c8380cd6d24c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033878,"text":"70033878 - 2011 - Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate hydrate eutectic aggregates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-22T09:52:14","indexId":"70033878","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate hydrate eutectic aggregates","docAbstract":"Using uniaxial compression creep experiments, we characterized the transient and steady state deformation behaviors of eutectic aggregates of system ice I and MgSO4 11H2O (MS11; meridianiite), which has significance because of its likely presence on moons of the outer solar system. Synthetic samples of eutectic liquid bulk composition, which produce eutectic colonies containing 0.35-0.50 volume fraction MS11, were tested as functions of colony size and lamellar spacing, temperature (230-250 K), and confining pressure (0.1 and 50 MPa) to strains ???0.2. Up to a differential stress of 6 MPa, the ice I-MS11 aggregates display an order of magnitude higher effective viscosity and higher stress sensitivity than do aggregates of pure polycrystalline ice at the same conditions. The creep data and associated microstructural observations demonstrate, however, that the aggregates are additionally more brittle than pure ice, approaching rate-independent plasticity that includes rupture of the hydrate phase at 6-8 MPa, depending on the scale of the microstructure. Microstructures of deformed samples reveal forms of semibrittle flow in which the hydrate phase fractures while the ice phase deforms plastically. Semibrittle flow in the icy shell of a planetary body would truncate the lithospheric strength envelope and thereby decrease the depth to the brittle-ductile transition by 55% and reduce the failure limit for compressional surface features from 10 to ???6 MPa. A constitutive equation that includes eutectic colony boundary sliding and intracolony flow is used to describe the steady state rheology of the eutectic aggregates. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003689","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, C., Cooper, R., Goldsby, D., Durham, W., and Kirby, S.H., 2011, Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate hydrate eutectic aggregates: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003689.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475381,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d88w3rrk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214534,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003689"},{"id":242269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6f7e4b08c986b326f89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, C.","contributorId":68112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, R.F.","contributorId":77740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldsby, D.L.","contributorId":84107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsby","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirby, S. 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We develop a quantitative model for analyzing the photometric lightcurve generated during a flyby in which the specularly reflected light flux depends on the fraction of the solar specular footprint that is covered by liquid. We allow for surface waves that spread out the geographic specular intensity distribution. Applying the model to the VIMS T58 observations shows that the waves on Jingpo Lacus must have slopes of no greater than 0.15??, two orders of magnitude flatter than waves on Earth's oceans. Combining the model with theoretical estimates of the intensity of the specular reflection allows a tighter constraint on the waves: <0.05?? Residual specular signal while the specular point lies on land implies that either the land is wetted, the wave slope distribution is non-Gaussian, or that 5% of the land off the southwest edge of Jingpo Lacus is covered in puddles. Another specular sequence off of Kraken Mare acquired during Cassini's T59 flyby shows rapid flux changes that the static model cannot reproduce. Points just 1. min apart vary in flux by more than a factor of two. The present dataset does not uniquely determine the mechanism causing these rapid changes. We suggest that changing wind conditions, kilometer-wavelength waves, or moving clouds could account for the variability. Future specular observations should be designed with a fast cadence, at least 6 points per minute, in order to differentiate between these hypotheses. Such new data will further constrain the nature of Titan's lakes and their interactions with Titan's atmosphere. ?? 2010 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Barnes, J.W., Soderblom, J., Brown, R.H., Soderblom, L., Stephan, K., Jaumann, R., Le Mouélic, S., Rodriguez, S., Sotin, C., Buratti, B.J., Baines, K.H., Clark, R.N., and Nicholson, P.D., 2011, Wave constraints for Titan's Jingpo Lacus and Kraken Mare from VIMS specular reflection lightcurves: Icarus, v. 211, no. 1, p. 722-731, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022.","startPage":"722","endPage":"731","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216838,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022"}],"volume":"211","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf8ee4b08c986b32e984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, J. 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D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70034570,"text":"70034570 - 2011 - Epithermal gold-silver deposits of the hauraki goldfield, new zealand: An introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034570","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epithermal gold-silver deposits of the hauraki goldfield, new zealand: An introduction","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.106.6.915","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"John, D., 2011, Epithermal gold-silver deposits of the hauraki goldfield, new zealand: An introduction: Economic Geology, v. 106, no. 6, p. 915-919, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.6.915.","startPage":"915","endPage":"919","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.6.915"},{"id":243539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a19e4b0c8380cd521d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, D. A.","contributorId":43748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034569,"text":"70034569 - 2011 - Assessing historical rate changes in global tsunami occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T11:55:14","indexId":"70034569","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing historical rate changes in global tsunami occurrence","docAbstract":"The global catalogue of tsunami events is examined to determine if transient variations in tsunami rates are consistent with a Poisson process commonly assumed for tsunami hazard assessments. The primary data analyzed are tsunamis with maximum sizes >1m. The record of these tsunamis appears to be complete since approximately 1890. A secondary data set of tsunamis >0.1m is also analyzed that appears to be complete since approximately 1960. Various kernel density estimates used to determine the rate distribution with time indicate a prominent rate change in global tsunamis during the mid-1990s. Less prominent rate changes occur in the early- and mid-20th century. To determine whether these rate fluctuations are anomalous, the distribution of annual event numbers for the tsunami catalogue is compared to Poisson and negative binomial distributions, the latter of which includes the effects of temporal clustering. Compared to a Poisson distribution, the negative binomial distribution model provides a consistent fit to tsunami event numbers for the >1m data set, but the Poisson null hypothesis cannot be falsified for the shorter duration >0.1m data set. Temporal clustering of tsunami sources is also indicated by the distribution of interevent times for both data sets. Tsunami event clusters consist only of two to four events, in contrast to protracted sequences of earthquakes that make up foreshock-main shock-aftershock sequences. From past studies of seismicity, it is likely that there is a physical triggering mechanism responsible for events within the tsunami source 'mini-clusters'. In conclusion, prominent transient rate increases in the occurrence of global tsunamis appear to be caused by temporal grouping of geographically distinct mini-clusters, in addition to the random preferential location of global M >7 earthquakes along offshore fault zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"Oxford, U.K.","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05160.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., and Parsons, T., 2011, Assessing historical rate changes in global tsunami occurrence: Geophysical Journal International, v. 187, no. 1, p. 497-509, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05160.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"509","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215716,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05160.x"},{"id":243538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd7e4b0c8380cd49a42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034567,"text":"70034567 - 2011 - δ15N constraints on long-term nitrogen balances in temperate forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T09:45:16","indexId":"70034567","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"δ15N constraints on long-term nitrogen balances in temperate forests","docAbstract":"Biogeochemical theory emphasizes nitrogen (N) limitation and the many factors that can restrict N accumulation in temperate forests, yet lacks a working model of conditions that can promote naturally high N accumulation. We used a dynamic simulation model of ecosystem N and δ15N to evaluate which combination of N input and loss pathways could produce a range of high ecosystem N contents characteristic of forests in the Oregon Coast Range. Total ecosystem N at nine study sites ranged from 8,788 to 22,667 kg ha−1 and carbon (C) ranged from 188 to 460 Mg ha−1, with highest values near the coast. Ecosystem δ15N displayed a curvilinear relationship with ecosystem N content, and largely reflected mineral soil, which accounted for 96–98% of total ecosystem N. Model simulations of ecosystem N balances parameterized with field rates of N leaching required long-term average N inputs that exceed atmospheric deposition and asymbiotic and epiphytic N2-fixation, and that were consistent with cycles of post-fire N2-fixation by early-successional red alder. Soil water δ15NO3 − patterns suggested a shift in relative N losses from denitrification to nitrate leaching as N accumulated, and simulations identified nitrate leaching as the primary N loss pathway that constrains maximum N accumulation. Whereas current theory emphasizes constraints on biological N2-fixation and disturbance-mediated N losses as factors that limit N accumulation in temperate forests, our results suggest that wildfire can foster substantial long-term N accumulation in ecosystems that are colonized by symbiotic N2-fixing vegetation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00442-011-2016-y","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., Sinkhorn, E., and Compton, J., 2011, δ15N constraints on long-term nitrogen balances in temperate forests: Oecologia, v. 167, no. 3, p. 793-807, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2016-y.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"807","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215687,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2016-y"}],"volume":"167","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e275e4b0c8380cd45bdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, S.S.","contributorId":82039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinkhorn, E.R.","contributorId":15428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinkhorn","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Compton, J.E.","contributorId":57430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Compton","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035464,"text":"70035464 - 2011 - Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Vermont, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-24T18:18:26.046812","indexId":"70035464","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Vermont, USA","docAbstract":"We demonstrate how home range and habitat use analysis can inform landscape-scale conservation planning for the bobcat, Lynx rufus, in Vermont USA. From 2005 to 2008, we outfitted fourteen bobcats with GPS collars that collected spatially explicit locations from individuals every 4 h for 3–4 months. Kernel home range techniques were used to estimate home range size and boundaries, and to quantify the utilization distribution (UD), which is a spatially explicit, topographic mapping of how different areas within the home range are used. We then used GIS methods to quantify both biotic (e.g. habitat types, stream density) and abiotic (e.g. slope) resources within each bobcat’s home range. Across bobcats, upper 20th UD percentiles (core areas) had 18% less agriculture, 42% less development, 26% more bobcat habitat (shrub, deciduous, coniferous forest, and wetland cover types), and 33% lower road density than lower UD percentiles (UD valleys). For each bobcat, we used Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate and compare 24 alternative Resource Utilization Functions (hypotheses) that could explain the topology of the individual’s UD. A model-averaged population-level Resource Utilization Function suggested positive responses to shrub, deciduous, coniferous forest, and wetland cover types within 1 km of a location, and negative responses to roads and mixed forest cover types within 1 km of a location. Applying this model-averaged function to each pixel in the study area revealed habitat suitability for bobcats across the entire study area, with suitability scores ranging between −1.69 and 1.44, where higher values were assumed to represent higher quality habitat. The southern Champlain Valley, which contained ample wetland and shrub habitat, was a concentrated area of highly suitable habitat, while areas at higher elevation areas were less suitable. Female bobcat home ranges, on average, had an average habitat suitability score of near 0, indicating that home ranges consisted of both beneficial and detrimental habitat types. We discuss the application of habitat suitability mapping and home range requirements for bobcat conservation and landscape scale management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.026","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Donovan, T., Freeman, M., Abouelezz, H., Royar, K., Howard, A., and Mickey, R., 2011, Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Vermont, USA: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 12, p. 2799-2809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.026.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2799","endPage":"2809","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215107,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.026"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -72.50976562499999,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -72.35595703125,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -71.96044921875,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -71.43310546875,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -71.43310546875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -73.5205078125,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -73.388671875,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91cfe4b0c8380cd80492","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, Therese tdonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":171599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, M.","contributorId":56349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abouelezz, H.","contributorId":52806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abouelezz","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Royar, Kim","contributorId":9886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royar","given":"Kim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howard, A.","contributorId":54392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mickey, R.","contributorId":44725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033879,"text":"70033879 - 2011 - A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033879","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise","docAbstract":"Sea level rise during the 21st century will have a wide range of effects on coastal environments, human development, and infrastructure in coastal areas. The broad range of complex factors influencing coastal systems contributes to large uncertainties in predicting long-term sea level rise impacts. Here we explore and demonstrate the capabilities of a Bayesian network (BN) to predict long-term shoreline change associated with sea level rise and make quantitative assessments of prediction uncertainty. A BN is used to define relationships between driving forces, geologic constraints, and coastal response for the U.S. Atlantic coast that include observations of local rates of relative sea level rise, wave height, tide range, geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and shoreline change rate. The BN is used to make probabilistic predictions of shoreline retreat in response to different future sea level rise rates. Results demonstrate that the probability of shoreline retreat increases with higher rates of sea level rise. Where more specific information is included, the probability of shoreline change increases in a number of cases, indicating more confident predictions. A hindcast evaluation of the BN indicates that the network correctly predicts 71% of the cases. Evaluation of the results using Brier skill and log likelihood ratio scores indicates that the network provides shoreline change predictions that are better than the prior probability. Shoreline change outcomes indicating stability (-1 < rate < 1 m/yr) or erosion (rate < -1 m/yr) tend to occur for two sets of input scenarios. Stable shoreline change rates occur mainly for low rates of relative sea level rise and occur in low-vulnerability geomorphic settings. Rates indicating erosion result for cases where the rate of relative sea level rise is high and moderate-to-high vulnerability geomorphic settings occur. In contrast, accretion (rate > 1 m/yr) was not well predicted. We find that BNs can assimilate important factors contributing to coastal change in response to sea level rise and can make quantitative, probabilistic predictions that can be applied to coastal management decisions. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JF001891","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, B., Plant, N., and Thieler, E., 2011, A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 116, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001891.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475380,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jf001891","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001891"},{"id":242270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c8e4b0c8380cd45c4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, B.T.","contributorId":86571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, N.G.","contributorId":94023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034592,"text":"70034592 - 2011 - Multilevel regression models describing regional patterns of invertebrate and algal responses to urbanization across the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T16:20:42.581012","indexId":"70034592","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multilevel regression models describing regional patterns of invertebrate and algal responses to urbanization across the USA","docAbstract":"Multilevel hierarchical regression was used to examine regional patterns in the responses of benthic macroinvertebrates and algae to urbanization across 9 metropolitan areas of the conterminous USA. Linear regressions established that responses (intercepts and slopes) to urbanization of invertebrates and algae varied among metropolitan areas. Multilevel hierarchical regression models were able to explain these differences on the basis of region-scale predictors. Regional differences in the type of land cover (agriculture or forest) being converted to urban and climatic factors (precipitation and air temperature) accounted for the differences in the response of macroinvertebrates to urbanization based on ordination scores, total richness, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera richness, and average tolerance. Regional differences in climate and antecedent agriculture also accounted for differences in the responses of salt-tolerant diatoms, but differences in the responses of other diatom metrics (% eutraphenic, % sensitive, and % silt tolerant) were best explained by regional differences in soils (mean % clay soils). The effects of urbanization were most readily detected in regions where forest lands were being converted to urban land because agricultural development significantly degraded assemblages before urbanization and made detection of urban effects difficult. The effects of climatic factors (temperature, precipitation) on background conditions (biogeographic differences) and rates of response to urbanization were most apparent after accounting for the effects of agricultural development. The effects of climate and land cover on responses to urbanization provide strong evidence that monitoring, mitigation, and restoration efforts must be tailored for specific regions and that attainment goals (background conditions) may not be possible in regions with high levels of prior disturbance (e.g., agricultural development).
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/10-140.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Cuffney, T., Kashuba, R., Qian, S., Alameddine, I., Cha, Y., Lee, B., Coles, J., and McMahon, G., 2011, Multilevel regression models describing regional patterns of invertebrate and algal responses to urbanization across the USA: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 30, no. 3, p. 797-819, https://doi.org/10.1899/10-140.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"819","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475377,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1899/10-140.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/10-140.1"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a602de4b0c8380cd7133e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuffney, T. F.","contributorId":108134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"T. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kashuba, R.","contributorId":104726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashuba","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qian, S.S.","contributorId":92008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qian","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alameddine, I.","contributorId":52803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alameddine","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cha, Y.K.","contributorId":100633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cha","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, B.","contributorId":48405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coles, J.F.","contributorId":80257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McMahon, G.","contributorId":87263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}