{"pageNumber":"1799","pageRowStart":"44950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46619,"records":[{"id":70179729,"text":"70179729 - 1971 - Nonthermal springs of Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T17:22:18","indexId":"70179729","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5485,"text":"Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Water-Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Nonthermal springs of Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Data are presented for about 4,500 nonthermal springs that discharge in the State of Utah. Most major springs having discharge of several cubic feet per second or more are in or near mountain ranges or plateaus where precipitation is much greater than in other parts of the State. The largest instantaneous discharge observed at any spring was 314 cfs at Mammoth Spring in southwestern Utah.&nbsp; Discharges exceeding 200 cfs have been observed at Swan Creek Spring in extreme northern Utah, and discharges of 200 cfs have been reported for Big Brush Creek Spring in northeastern Utah. Maximum discharges generally are during or within a few weeks after the main period of snowmelt, which is usually from late April to the middle of June.</p><p>The largest springs generally discharge form or very near carbonate rocks in which solution channels and fractures are numerous or from areas of porous or fractured volcanic rocks. Most nonthermal springs in Utah probably are variable springs – that is, their variability of discharge exceeds 100 percent.</p><p>Most of the major springs discharge water that contains less than 500 ppm (parts per million) of dissolved solids, and most of the water is of the calcium bicarbonate type. Water from springs is used for domestic, municipal, irrigation, livestock, mining, and industrial purposes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey","usgsCitation":"Mundorff, J.C., 1971, Nonthermal springs of Utah: Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Water-Resources Bulletin 16, iv, 70 p.","productDescription":"iv, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"78","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/water_resources_bulletins/WRB-16.pdf"}],"country":"United 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C.","contributorId":63374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047885,"text":"70047885 - 1971 - Ground-water resources: Cumberland County, New Jersey","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56051,"text":"ofr70279 - 1970 - Ground-water resources, Cumberland County, New Jersey","indexId":"ofr70279","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources, Cumberland County, New Jersey"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047885,"text":"70047885 - 1971 - Ground-water resources: Cumberland County, New Jersey","indexId":"70047885","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources: Cumberland County, New Jersey"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T23:34:59.353431","indexId":"70047885","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T16:10:16","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":135,"text":"Special Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"34","title":"Ground-water resources: Cumberland County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>Cumberland County is located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province along the northeastern shore of Delaware Bay in Southwestern New Jersey. An average annual hydrologic budget was computed for Cumberland County. Water gains are: precipitation, 1,050 mgd (million gallons per day); surface-water inflow, 142 mgd; ground-water inflow negligible. Water losses are: evapotranspiration, 685 mgd; surface-water outflow, 370 mgd; ground-water outflow, 137 mgd.</p>\n<p>Unconsolidated and semiconsolidated Coastal Plain sediments, 2,500 to 4,500 feet thick, and ranging in age from Cretaceous to Holocene, consist of layers of clay, silt, sand and gravel. Aquifers composed mainly of sand and gravel occur in the Potomac Group and Raritan and Magothy Formations, the Wenonah Formation and Mount Laurel Sand, the Piney Point Formation, and the Kirkwood Formation and Cohansey Sand.</p>\n<p>Aquifers in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy sequence contain saline water and are not currently utilized in Cumberland County. However, they may be utilized in the future for underground storage of fresh water, or possibly other uses when more is known about this aquifer system.</p>\n<p>The aquifer in the Wenonah Formation and Mount Laurel Sand is not presently utilized in Cumberland County. It is probably suitable for future development, however of wells yielding as much as 300 gpm (gallons per minute) of good quality water in the northern part of the county.</p>\n<p>The Piney Point Formation is tapped in Cumberland County by only a few wells; each of these generally yield less than 100 gpm. Additional small supplies can be developed from this aquifer. Water from this aquifer requires little or no treatment for domestic use.</p>\n<p>Two principal aquifers occur in the Kirkwood Formation and Cohansey Sand: (1) the lower Kirkwood aquifer and (2) the Cohansey-Kirkwood aquifer. Most wells tapping the lower Kirkwood aquifer yield less than 50 gpm but are capable of yielding as much as 400 gpm. Wells in the lower Kirkwood range in depth from 200 to 370 feet. The Cohansey-Kirkwood aquifer is the shallowest and most important source of ground-water in the county but is highly susceptible to surface contamination. This aquifer is highly permeable; analysis of data from two pumping tests indicates permeabilities of 1,200 and 2,700 gpm per square foot. It generally yields large supplies of water (300 to 1,200 gpm) to wells from depths of less than 180 feet. Water in the Cohansey-Kirkwood aquifer is characterized by 1mv dissolved-solids content (63 mg/l, median), low hardness (21 mg/l, median), and low pH values (5.5 pH units, median).</p>\n<p>Water use in Cumberland County varies and is highly seasonal, mainly because of increasing requirements for irrigation and the food processing industries in the county. In 1964 seasonal use ranged from 27 mgd in March to 145 mgd in August. This is much higher than withdrawals in neighboring Salem and Cape May Counties. In 1964 withdrawals in Cumberland County averaged about 51 mgd; almost all of this, 49.4 mgd, was from ground-water supplies. The total annual water use in 1964 according to type of use was: for public supply, 10.6 mgd; for industrial uses, 19.0 mgd; irrigation, 15.4 mgd; suburban, rural, residential, institutional, farm, and commercial, 5.9 mgd.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Rooney, J.G., 1971, Ground-water resources: Cumberland County, New Jersey: Special Report 34, vi, 65 p.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047885.jpg"},{"id":311352,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047885/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Cumberland County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.9322509765625,\n              39.191819549771694\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.937744140625,\n              39.296048244024085\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.90203857421875,\n              39.37677199661635\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.893798828125,\n              39.50827899034111\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.96520996093749,\n              39.57182223734374\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.07507324218749,\n              39.605688178320804\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.20690917968749,\n              39.63530729658598\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.30029296875,\n              39.6437675734185\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3607177734375,\n              39.63530729658598\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.399169921875,\n              39.63530729658598\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.47607421875,\n              39.55911824217184\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5364990234375,\n              39.48284540453334\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5419921875,\n              39.46164364205549\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.487060546875,\n              39.431950321168635\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.44860839843749,\n              39.38526381099774\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.38818359375,\n              39.34704251121735\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.333251953125,\n              39.32579941789298\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.25634765625,\n              39.26203141523749\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1959228515625,\n              39.20246222588235\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.146484375,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.07507324218749,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.9322509765625,\n              39.191819549771694\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f1be7e4b0f8bf2b07611a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rooney, James G.","contributorId":105628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rooney","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047418,"text":"70047418 - 1971 - Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency characteristics through 1968","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52265,"text":"ofr6299 - 1961 - Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency","indexId":"ofr6299","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047418,"text":"70047418 - 1971 - Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency characteristics through 1968","indexId":"70047418","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency characteristics through 1968"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T19:03:33","indexId":"70047418","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:31:52","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":145,"text":"Arkansas Geological Commission Water Resources Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"11","title":"Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency characteristics through 1968","docAbstract":"<p>Techniques are presented for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on Arkansas streams. Modern topographic maps now available and computer techniques facilitate in making a comprehensive analysis in which physical and climactic characteristics of river basins are related to flood characteristics at gaging stations. Equations derived from the analysis make it possible to estimate the magnitude of future floods with recurrence intervals of as much as 50 years on gaged and ungaged streams that have drainage areas of 0.1-3,000 square miles. An estimate of the future flood potential can be used to locate and design flood-control structures, establish flood-insurance rates, and devise flood-zoning plans.</p><p>Appendixes in the report contain data on flood characteristics of gaged drainage basins, a summary of climatic and topographic characteristics of drainage basins, peak stages and discharges for gaging stations that have 5 or more years of record, and peak-flow data for outstanding floods at miscellaneous sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arkansas Geological Commission","publisherLocation":"Little Rock, Arkansas","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Geological Commission and Arkansas State Highway Commission","usgsCitation":"Patterson, J.L., 1971, Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency characteristics through 1968: Arkansas Geological Commission Water Resources Circular 11, viii, 21, A-26, B-199 p.","productDescription":"viii, 21, A-26, B-199 p.","numberOfPages":"258","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047418.PNG"},{"id":276042,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geology.ar.gov/pdf/Water%20Resources%20Circular%2011_v.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6179,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,36.4997 ], [ -89.6448,36.4997 ], [ -89.6448,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,33.0041 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c961e4b009d47a4c2377","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patterson, James L.","contributorId":17593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046232,"text":"70046232 - 1971 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the La Sal Mountains area, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14317,"text":"ofr6355 - 1963 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the La Sal Mountains area, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado","indexId":"ofr6355","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the La Sal Mountains area, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046232,"text":"70046232 - 1971 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the La Sal Mountains area, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado","indexId":"70046232","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the La Sal Mountains area, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-03T14:06:45","indexId":"70046232","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":383,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the La Sal Mountains area, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"Observed gravity values, station locations, terrain corrections, and Bouguer gravity data are provided as computer printout tabulations for the La Sal Mountains area, Utah-Colorado.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046232","usgsCitation":"Joesting, H., and Case, J.E., 1971, Principal facts for gravity stations in the La Sal Mountains area, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado: Technical Report, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70046232.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah;Colorado","city":"Grand County;San Juan County;Mesa County;Montrose County","otherGeospatial":"La Sal Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,37.0 ], [ -114.0,42.0 ], [ -102.0,42.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -114.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51adbae8e4b07c214e64bd1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joesting, H.R.","contributorId":7682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesting","given":"H.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046224,"text":"70046224 - 1971 - Principal Facts for Gravity Stations in the San Francisco Bay Area, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13902,"text":"ofr6338 - 1963 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the San Francisco Bay area, California","indexId":"ofr6338","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the San Francisco Bay area, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046224,"text":"70046224 - 1971 - Principal Facts for Gravity Stations in the San Francisco Bay Area, California","indexId":"70046224","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Principal Facts for Gravity Stations in the San Francisco Bay Area, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-02T22:56:10","indexId":"70046224","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":383,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Principal Facts for Gravity Stations in the San Francisco Bay Area, California","docAbstract":"Observed gravity values, station locations, terrain corrections, and Bouguer gravity data are provided as computer printout tabulations for the San Francisco Bay area, California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046224","usgsCitation":"Greve, G., and Clement, W.G., 1971, Principal Facts for Gravity Stations in the San Francisco Bay Area, California: Technical Report, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70046224.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.6852,37.4477 ], [ -122.6852,38.2329 ], [ -121.7013,38.2329 ], [ -121.7013,37.4477 ], [ -122.6852,37.4477 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ac6966e4b0cc85b6ed6b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greve, G.M.","contributorId":7602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greve","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clement, W. G.","contributorId":26371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046751,"text":"70046751 - 1971 - Water wells in the Harper, Superior, and Cuddeback Valley areas, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23627,"text":"ofr5673 - 1956 - Data on water wells in Cuddeback, Superior, and Harper Valleys, San Bernardino County, California","indexId":"ofr5673","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Data on water wells in Cuddeback, Superior, and Harper Valleys, San Bernardino County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046751,"text":"70046751 - 1971 - Water wells in the Harper, Superior, and Cuddeback Valley areas, San Bernardino County, California","indexId":"70046751","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Water wells in the Harper, Superior, and Cuddeback Valley areas, San Bernardino County, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-01T14:37:54","indexId":"70046751","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"91-19","title":"Water wells in the Harper, Superior, and Cuddeback Valley areas, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"This bulletin is one of a series on water wells and springs in southern California desert areas. The series is prepared by the U. S. Geological Survey and published by the California Department of Water Resources. Each bulletin locates water wells and springs in a part of the southern California desert regions; describes well depth and yield, water use and level on dates observed; names the well owner; provides pumping data, including depths, rates, static water levels, drawdowns, and specific capacities; and lithologic data from drillers' well logs.","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","collaboration":"Prepared by United States Department of Interior, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Moyle, W., 1971, Water wells in the Harper, Superior, and Cuddeback Valley areas, San Bernardino County, California: Bulletin 91-19, 99 p.","productDescription":"99 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70046751.jpg"},{"id":274383,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/waterdatalibrary/docs/historic/Bulletins/Bulletin_91/Bulletin_91-19__1971.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Harper Valley;Superior Valley;Cuddeback Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.7829,33.6472 ], [ -114.7829,34.9272 ], [ -113.5029,34.9272 ], [ -113.5029,33.6472 ], [ -114.7829,33.6472 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4f0e4b0ca1848338aaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyle, W. R.","contributorId":27421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"W. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043276,"text":"70043276 - 1971 - Gravity observations and Bouguer anomaly values for eastern Tennessee","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16447,"text":"ofr62150 - 1962 - Gravity observations and Bouguer anomaly values for eastern Tennessee","indexId":"ofr62150","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Gravity observations and Bouguer anomaly values for eastern Tennessee"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043276,"text":"70043276 - 1971 - Gravity observations and Bouguer anomaly values for eastern Tennessee","indexId":"70043276","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Gravity observations and Bouguer anomaly values for eastern Tennessee"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:14:20","indexId":"70043276","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Gravity observations and Bouguer anomaly values for eastern Tennessee","docAbstract":"Principal facts for gravity data in eastern Tennessee are presented in computer printout format. These data were used in preparation of Watkins, J. S., 1964, Regional geologic implications of the gravity and magnetic fields of a part of eastern Tennessee.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70043276","collaboration":"NTIS No.: PB-199 651","usgsCitation":"Watkins, J.S., and Yuval, Z., 1971, Gravity observations and Bouguer anomaly values for eastern Tennessee (Final Report), 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043276.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.31,34.98 ], [ -90.31,36.68 ], [ -81.65,36.68 ], [ -81.65,34.98 ], [ -90.31,34.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Final Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51177dfbe4b0893acf3fffa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watkins, J. S.","contributorId":18821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yuval, Zvi","contributorId":36575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuval","given":"Zvi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043275,"text":"70043275 - 1971 - Gravity observations by U.S. Geological Survey in Kentucky prior to October 1, 1961","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16448,"text":"ofr62149 - 1962 - Gravity observations by U.S. Geological Survey in Kentucky prior to October 1, 1961","indexId":"ofr62149","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Gravity observations by U.S. Geological Survey in Kentucky prior to October 1, 1961"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043275,"text":"70043275 - 1971 - Gravity observations by U.S. Geological Survey in Kentucky prior to October 1, 1961","indexId":"70043275","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Gravity observations by U.S. Geological Survey in Kentucky prior to October 1, 1961"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-09T18:06:38","indexId":"70043275","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":360,"text":"Final Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Gravity observations by U.S. Geological Survey in Kentucky prior to October 1, 1961","docAbstract":"Principal facts for gravity data in Kentucky are presented in computer printout format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70043275","usgsCitation":"Watkins, J.S., 1971, Gravity observations by U.S. Geological Survey in Kentucky prior to October 1, 1961: Final Report, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043275.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.57,36.5 ], [ -89.57,39.15 ], [ -81.96,39.15 ], [ -81.96,36.5 ], [ -89.57,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51177dfde4b0893acf3fffae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watkins, Joel S.","contributorId":10788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038677,"text":"wdrCA702 - 1971 - Water resources data for California, 1970; Part 2: Water quality reports","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-13T01:01:48","indexId":"wdrCA702","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-04T10:23:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-70-2","title":"Water resources data for California, 1970; Part 2: Water quality reports","docAbstract":"Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey include the collection of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface- and ground-water supplies of the Nation. These data for the 1970 water year for the quality of surface water in California are presented in this report. Data for a few water-quality stations in bordering States are also included. The data were collected by the Water Resources Division of the Geological Survey under the direction of R. Stanley Lord, district chief, Menlo Park, Calif.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA702","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Water resources data for California, 1970; Part 2: Water quality reports: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-70-2, xi, 450 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA702.","productDescription":"xi, 450 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":257489,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1970/ca-70/WDR-1970-wq.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_70_2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc952e4b08c986b32ccd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038676,"text":"wdrCA7012 - 1971 - Water resources data for California, 1970; Part 1: Surface water records; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-13T01:01:48","indexId":"wdrCA7012","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-04T10:16:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-70-1-2","title":"Water resources data for California, 1970; Part 1: Surface water records; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley","docAbstract":"Surface water records for the 1970 water year for California, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, are given in this report. Records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States also are included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of R. Stanley Lord, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA7012","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Water resources data for California, 1970; Part 1: Surface water records; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-70-1-2, xv, 521 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA7012.","productDescription":"xv, 521 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"1015","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":257488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1970/ca-70/WDR-1970-vol2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_70_1_2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc950e4b08c986b32ccd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038675,"text":"wdrCA7011 - 1971 - Water resources data for California, 1970; Part 1: Surface water reports; Volume 1: Colorado River Basin, Southern Great Basin, and Pacific Slope Basins excluding Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-13T01:01:48","indexId":"wdrCA7011","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-04T10:11:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-70-1-1","title":"Water resources data for California, 1970; Part 1: Surface water reports; Volume 1: Colorado River Basin, Southern Great Basin, and Pacific Slope Basins excluding Central Valley","docAbstract":"Surface water records for the 1970 water year for California, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial record stations, and miscellaneous sites, are given in this report. Records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States also are included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of R. Stanley Lord, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA7011","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Water resources data for California, 1970; Part 1: Surface water reports; Volume 1: Colorado River Basin, Southern Great Basin, and Pacific Slope Basins excluding Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-70-1-1, 494 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA7011.","productDescription":"494 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":257487,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1970/ca-70/WDR-1970-vol1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc951e4b08c986b32ccd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039622,"text":"70039622 - 1971 - Water table in Long Island, New York, March 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-18T01:01:45","indexId":"70039622","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:48:05","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water table in Long Island, New York, March 1971","docAbstract":"The geologic framework and the hydrologic situation in Long Island are periodically reviewed by the U.S. Geological Survey as new knowledge is obtained from current investigations. This work is done through cooperative programs with Nassau and Suffolk County agencies and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. A unique opportunity to update many of the hydrogeologic maps occurred when the Geological Survey's Mineola, N.Y., office participated in the New England River Basins Commission's \"Long Island Sound Study.\" This map, one of a series of open-file maps showing the updated information, was compiled from data obtained from G. E. Kimmel (written commun., July 1972) and Jensen and Soren (in press). Comparison of the March 1971 data with similar data for March 1970 (Kimmel, 1970) shows virtually no change in water levels on Long Island during the 12 month period, except for a slight decline in levels in central Suffolk County.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mineola, NY","doi":"10.3133/70039622","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Suffolk County Department of Environmental Control, and Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Koszalka, E.J., and Koch, E., 1971, Water table in Long Island, New York, March 1971: Open-File Report, 1 Plate: 157 x 77 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039622.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 157 x 77 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261124,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039622/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":259704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Kings;Nassau;Queens;Suffolk","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.08333333333333,40.5 ], [ -74.08333333333333,41.25 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.25 ], [ -71.83333333333333,40.5 ], [ -74.08333333333333,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcc8ce4b08c986b32dbe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koszalka, Edward J.","contributorId":47850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koszalka","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koch, Ellis","contributorId":72440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Ellis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70001540,"text":"70001540 - 1971 - Reduction of lithologic-log data to numbers for use in the digital computer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T00:11:55.409386","indexId":"70001540","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduction of lithologic-log data to numbers for use in the digital computer","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>The development of a standardized system for conveniently coding lithologic-log data for use in the digital computer has long been needed. The technique suggested involves a reduction of the original written alphanumeric log to a numeric log by use of computer programs. This numeric log can then be retrieved as a written log, interrogated for pertinent information, or analyzed statistically.</p></div></div><div id=\"cobranding-and-download-availability-text\" class=\"note test-pdf-link\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02047434","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Morgan, C., and McNellis, J., 1971, Reduction of lithologic-log data to numbers for use in the digital computer: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 79-86, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02047434.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"86","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, C.O.","contributorId":24482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNellis, J.M.","contributorId":58662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNellis","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220550,"text":"5220550 - 1971 - Synecology of a Virginia salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T12:59:52.199297","indexId":"5220550","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1228,"text":"Chesapeake Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synecology of a Virginia salt marsh","docAbstract":"In the spring and summer of 1964 a salt marsh in Gloucester County, Virginia, was analyzed using random quadrat sampling. Synthetic treatments were employed to evaluate data and were correlated with observed differences in elevation. Floristic data indicate the Virginia salt marshes show closer similarity to marshes north of Chesapeake Bay than those south of Chesapeake Bay. Correlation of floristic data with observed differences in elevation indicates that zonation in the marsh is dependent upon differences in elevation or some environmental factor correlated with elevation differences. Observations of sedimentation and erosion in localized areas indicate that the marsh is in a constant state of change, with extensive areas undergoing both succession and regression.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1350771","usgsCitation":"Kerwin, J., and Pedigo, R., 1971, Synecology of a Virginia salt marsh: Chesapeake Science, v. 12, no. 3, p. 125-130, https://doi.org/10.2307/1350771.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687def","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerwin, J.A.","contributorId":105394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerwin","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pedigo, R.","contributorId":106227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedigo","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221241,"text":"5221241 - 1971 - The occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:49","indexId":"5221241","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:50","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment","docAbstract":"SUMMARY:    Polychlorinated biphenyls constitute a group of chlorine-bearing compounds of industrial origin that have permeated the natural environment throughout the world.      Their chemical structure resembles that of some of the organochlorine pesticides. They are troublesome interferences in gas chromatographic analysis of these pesticides. Although methods have been developed to overcome analytical problems, measurements of quantity still are only approximate.      Special studies in the United States, Netherlands, and Great Britain have traced PCB's to industrial effluent, but other possible sources have not been followed. Their use in paints, cartons, and insulating fluids suggests that environmental pollution may be from many different sources.      PCB's are present in fish and wildlife in many countries of the world. Quantities are higher in animals living near industrial areas. PCB's build up in biological food chains with increases of tens to thousands of times from lower to higher organisms.      Experimental studies have shown that PCB's have a toxicity to mallards, pheasants, bobwhite quail, coturnix quail, red-winged blackbirds, starlings, cowbirds, and grackles that is of the same order as the toxicity of DDE to these species. Overt signs of poisoning also are similar to those caused by compounds of the DDT group. Toxic effects of DDE and Aroclor 1254 to coturnix chicks were additive, but not synergistic.      PCB's containing higher percentages of chlorine are more toxic to birds than those containing lower percentages. PCB's of foreign manufacture contained contaminants to an extent that greatly increased their toxicity     Aroclor 1242.      Statistical evaluations of the role that different chemicals may play in thinning of eggshells of brown pelicans show that DDE residues correlate better with shell thinning than do residues of dieldrin or PCB's.      Studies of the effects of PCB's in the environment are as yet insufficient for well-rounded conclusions. The evidence available indicates that they must be viewed as potential problems until fuller data can be assembled.  Toxicity to insects of PCB's of different degrees of chlorination is the reverse of the pattern in birds: the lower chlorinations are more toxic to insects. PCB's enhanced the toxicity of dieldrin and DDT to insects.      Shrimp are very sensitive to PCB's and most will die as a result of 20-day exposure to a concentration of 5 ppb. PCB's also inhibit shell growth of oysters. Fish and crabs are less sensitive; all accumulate residues to many times the concentrations in the water, and a test with crabs showed that they lost the residues very slowly.      Residues of PCB's in the brains of birds killed by these compounds measure in the hundreds of parts per million. PCB's may have contributed to mortality of some birds in the field.      PCB's induce microsomal enzyme activity in birds and mammals and the lower chlorinated mixtures have estrogenic activity in rats.      Exposure to PCB's increased the susceptibility of mallard ducklings to duck hepatitis virus.  Offspring of pheasants whose parents received high dosages of PCB's made poor choices in visual cliff tests. Egg production and hatching after pipping also were affected.      Long-term studies of the reproductive effects of Aroclor 1254 on mallards and bobwhite quail and of Aroclor 1254 plus DDE on quail showed no significant differences from controls. In studies of chickens, however, egg production, hatchability, and shell thickness were impaired by high doses of Aroclor 1254 and by low doses of Aroclor 1242.      Statistical evaluations of the role that different chemicals may play in thinning of eggshells of brown pelicans show that DDE residues correlate better with shell thinning than do residues of dieldrin or PCB's.      Studies of the effects of PCB's in the environment are as yet insufficient for well-rounded conclusions. The evidence available indicates that they must be","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"1339_Dustman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dustman, E.H., Stickel, L., Blus, L.J., Reichel, W.L., and Wiemeyer, S.N., 1971, The occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 36, p. 118-131.","productDescription":"118-131","startPage":"118","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dustman, E. H.","contributorId":12579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dustman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":64884,"text":"i723 - 1971 - Geologic maps of the Apennine-Hadley region of the Moon Apollo 15 pre-mission maps","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":43975,"text":"ofr71304 - 1971 - Hadley-Apennine site shaded relief map","indexId":"ofr71304","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Hadley-Apennine site shaded relief map"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64884,"text":"i723 - 1971 - Geologic maps of the Apennine-Hadley region of the Moon Apollo 15 pre-mission maps","indexId":"i723","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic maps of the Apennine-Hadley region of the Moon Apollo 15 pre-mission maps"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":44174,"text":"ofr71307 - 1971 - Surface operational maps of the Apennine-Hadley landing site-Apollo 15","indexId":"ofr71307","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Surface operational maps of the Apennine-Hadley landing site-Apollo 15"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64884,"text":"i723 - 1971 - Geologic maps of the Apennine-Hadley region of the Moon Apollo 15 pre-mission maps","indexId":"i723","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic maps of the Apennine-Hadley region of the Moon Apollo 15 pre-mission maps"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T16:13:16.793228","indexId":"i723","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"723","subseriesTitle":"MOON","title":"Geologic maps of the Apennine-Hadley region of the Moon Apollo 15 pre-mission maps","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\">This map shows the regional setting of the landing site for the Apollo 15 mission. The area lies approximately 650 km southeast of the center of the </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\">Imbrium</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\"> basin, a large basalt-filled multi-ringed structure in the northwest quadrant of the Moon’s near side. Several arcuate structures surround the </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\">Imbrium</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\"> basin (Hartmann and Kuiper, 1962). The most prominent of these forms the northwest-facing scarp of the Apennine Mountains that crosses the area from NNE to SSW. The scarp is a major structural boundary separating mostly basin-fill</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\"> deposits to the northwest from either basin-synchronous or pre-basin deposits to the southeast. Of special interest is Rima Hadley, one of the widest and freshest appearing sinuous </span><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW113524156 BCX8\">rilles</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\"> on the Moon. It cuts through the mare surface to a maximum depth of about 400 meters and may expose in its walls a substantial section of the post-basin basalt. </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\">Rimae</span> <span class=\"SpellingError SCXW113524156 BCX8\">Fresnal</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\"> and Rima Bradley are typical linear </span><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW113524156 BCX8\">rilles</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113524156 BCX8\"> older than Rima Hadley and do not cut mare materials. This area was previously mapped geologically at the 1:1,000,000-scale by Hackman (1966) from telescopic data.</span></span><span class=\"EOP SCXW113524156 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i723","collaboration":"prepared in cooperation with the Manned Spacecraft Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., Howard, K.A., and El-Baz, F., 1971, Geologic maps of the Apennine-Hadley region of the Moon Apollo 15 pre-mission maps: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 723, 2 maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/i723.","productDescription":"2 maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":439059,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1YAQ2D3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Interactive map: Geologic maps of the Apennine-Hadley region of the Moon Apollo 15 pre-mission maps"},{"id":439058,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CV6PG2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic maps of the Apennine-Hadley region of the Moon Apollo 15 pre-mission maps"},{"id":255265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0723/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0723/report.pdf","size":"44","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255263,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0723/plate-2.pdf","size":"13310","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255262,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0723/plate-1.pdf","size":"10749","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","otherGeospatial":"Apennine Mountains, Imbrium Basin, Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6885cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":272312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"El-Baz, Farouk","contributorId":65170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Baz","given":"Farouk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4316,"text":"cir660 - 1971 - Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 10. - The Great Basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":3994,"text":"cir580 - 1968 - Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1967: Part 10. - The Great Basin","indexId":"cir580","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1967: Part 10. - The Great Basin"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4316,"text":"cir660 - 1971 - Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 10. - The Great Basin","indexId":"cir660","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 10. - The Great Basin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T16:55:56","indexId":"cir660","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"660","title":"Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 10. - The Great Basin","docAbstract":"<p>This report lists the streamflow and reservoir stations in The Great Basin for which records have been or are to be published in reports of the Geological Survey for periods through September 30, 1970. It supersedes Geological Survey Circular 580. It was updated by personnel of the Data Reports Unit, Water Resources Division, Geological Survey. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir660","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1970; Part 10. - The Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 660, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir660.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31426,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1971/0660/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1971/0660/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great 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,{"id":7008,"text":"ofr71244 - 1971 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Elm Fork Trinity River, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:58:38","indexId":"ofr71244","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-244","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Elm Fork Trinity River, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1969","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr71244","usgsCitation":"Sansom, J., 1971, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Elm Fork Trinity River, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-244, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71244.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bd52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sansom, J.N.","contributorId":14391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sansom","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48015,"text":"ofr7253 - 1971 - Water resources data for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 1968-1970, surface-water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-22T20:07:38.173548","indexId":"ofr7253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-53","title":"Water resources data for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 1968-1970, surface-water records","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7253","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands","usgsCitation":"Van der Brug, O., 1971, Water resources data for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 1968-1970, surface-water records: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-53, viii, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7253.","productDescription":"viii, 92 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495874,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0053/report-thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Islands, Trust Territory","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f15cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van der Brug, O.","contributorId":84415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van der Brug","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2577,"text":"wsp1532E - 1971 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Corey Creek and Elk Run basins, north-central Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T09:07:16","indexId":"wsp1532E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1532","chapter":"E","title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Corey Creek and Elk Run basins, north-central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Analysis of data collected from two small agricultural basins in northcehtral Pennsylvania during the period May 1954 to September 1967 indicates that conservation measures reduced the quantity of suspended sediment leaving the Corey Creek basin as a result of frequent storms during the growing season. Extensive soil conservation treatments were applied in the 12.2-squaremile Corey Creek basin, but only minor treatments were applied in the adjacent 10.2-square-mile Elk Run basin. These treatments included the construction of ponds and diversion terraces and altering land use by such measures as establishing permanent hay land and changing marginal pasture land to wood lands. Elk Run basin, which is topographically and hydrologically similar to the Corey Creek basin, was used as an external control to assist in detecting and evaluating the hydrologic changes in Corey Creek. Trend analyses of data from both basins indicate a 47-percent decrease in sediment discharge from Corey Creek during the frequent storms that occur in the May to October growing season. Six percent of the sediment discharged from Corey Creek during the period of this investigation (1954-67) was discharged during these frequent growing-season storms. The remaining 94 percent of the sediment was discharged during the November to April dormant season and during two major events during the growing season, one October 1955 and one May 1961. No decrease in sediment discharge was observed for these events or for this period. The adjacent basin of similar size, topography, and hydrologic characteristics, Elk Run, was not scheduled for extensive conservation treatment; it was selected as a control for this study \"because of the assumption that any changes in precipitation and runoff patterns would affect both basins in a similar manner. Rainfall, runoff, sediment, and stream-channel data are used in this report to estimate the probable hydrologic behavior of the Corey Creek basin provided the intensive conservation program had not been undertaken.~</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1532E","usgsCitation":"Reed, L.A., 1971, Hydrology and sedimentation of Corey Creek and Elk Run basins, north-central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1532, iv, 27 p. :illus., map. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1532E.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :illus., map. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28853,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Lloyd A.","contributorId":79861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2986,"text":"wsp1895B - 1971 - Summary of data on chemical quality of streams of North Carolina, 1943-67","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T09:36:21","indexId":"wsp1895B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1895","chapter":"B","title":"Summary of data on chemical quality of streams of North Carolina, 1943-67","docAbstract":"This report summarizes water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the State of North Carolina during the period 1943-67. Maximum, minimum, and average values are shown for complete analyses of mineral constituents dissolved in water from 177 locations at which samples were collected daily or monthly for at least 1 consecutive year. \r\n\r\nMaximum and minimum values are given for 460 'miscellaneous and occasional stations' at which two or more chemical analyses were made. Single analyses are shown for 580 additional sampling sites. A total of about 19,000 analyses were used in determining statistical values included in the report. \r\n\r\nWater in streams of North Carolina is generally of good mineral quality and is acceptable with a minimum amount of treatment for most uses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 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,{"id":3005,"text":"wsp1895A - 1971 - Summary of data on temperature of streams in North Carolina, 1943-67","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T09:35:04","indexId":"wsp1895A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1895","chapter":"A","title":"Summary of data on temperature of streams in North Carolina, 1943-67","docAbstract":"This report summarizes stream-temperature data collected by the U.S. \r\nGeological Survey in cooperation with the State of North Carolina during the \r\nperiod 1943-67. Listed in two tables are summary values determined from \r\nrecords from 176 locations throughout the State. Of the 850 station years \r\nof record, 31 percent is monthly records, 50 percent is daily, and 19 percent is \r\ncontinuous. Table 1 shows average monthly, average annual, and extreme \r\nobserved temperatures for the period of record at each location. Table 2, for \r\nstations having continuous water-temperature recorders, shows the following \r\ntemperature variables: Average of monthly maximums, average of daily \r\nmaximums, average daily, average of daily minimums, and average of monthly \r\nminimums.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. 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,{"id":2571,"text":"wsp1999J - 1971 - The water quality of Sam Rayburn Reservoir, eastern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T11:34:02","indexId":"wsp1999J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"J","title":"The water quality of Sam Rayburn Reservoir, eastern Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Inflow of wastes to the Angelina River has caused some local deterioration of the quality of water downstream from Lufkin. However, the volume of flow in the Angelina River has been adequate to prevent serious deterioration of the quality of water in Sam Rayburn Reservoir.</p>\n<p>From March 1965 to September 1968, the time-weighted concentration of dissolved solids in water released from Sam Rayburn Reservoir averaged about 120 mg/l (milligrams per liter). The average dissolved-solids content of water in the reservoir during 13 surveys ranged from about 100 to 145 mg/l.</p>\n<p>The dissolved-oxygen content of water in the reservoir varied seasonally and was intimately related 'to the pattern of thermal stratification. During 10 reservoir surveys, the depth-integrated concentration of dissolved oxygen at deep sites in the downstream half of the reservoir averaged more than 5 mg/l. The concentration of dissolved oxygen usually was much greater during periods of winter circulation than during periods of summer stagnation. About 2 river miles upstream from Sam Rayburn Dam, the depth-integrated dissolved-oxygen concentration ranged from 1.2 mg/l (16-percent saturation) on June 30, 1965., to 10.9 mg/1 (91-percent saturation) on February 4, 1966. During periods of summer stagnation, water below depths of 25-35 feet usually contained less than 2.5 mg/l dissolved oxygen and often contained less than 1.0 mg/l.</p>\n<p>The dissolved-oxygen content of water usually was less in the upstream half of the reservoir than in the downstream half. During 10 reservoir surveys, the depth-integrated concentration of dissolved oxygen about 41.5 miles upstream from Sam Rayburn Dam averaged 4.2 mg/l. Part of the dissolved-oxygen deficit (difference between saturated concentration and actual concentration) resulted from the inflow of wastes; however, data for tributary arms of the reservoir indicate that part of the dissolved-oxygen deficit resulted from the decomposition of naturally occurring organic debris in the water and in the area inundated by the reservoir.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of iron and manganese in the water varied seasonally and were related to the dissolved-oxygen content of the water. The concentrations of iron and manganese throughout the reservoir were much smaller during periods of winter circulation than during periods of summer stagnation. During each of three reservoir surveys in February, the concentrations of iron and manganese near Sam Rayburn Dam were less than 0.40 and 0.25 mg/l, respectively. However, on October 6, 1965, the iron content of water ranged from less than 1 mg/l at depths less than 30 feet to as much at 14 mg/l at greater depths. Similarly, on September 9, 1966, the concentration of manganese near the dam ranged from less than 0.5 mg/l at depths less than 10 feet to as much as 6.9 mg/l at greater depths.</p>\n<p>Although storage of water in Sam Rayburn Reservoir has resulted in a decrease in variations of dissolved solids and principal chemical constituents in the Angelina River downstream from the reservoir, it has resulted in significant seasonal variations in ,the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, iron, and manganese at downstream sites.</p>\n<p>Results of periodic surveys indicate that dissolved-oxygen concentrations at three sites in the 19-mile reach of the Angelina River downstream from Sam Rayburn Dam were low in late summer and early fall after periods of summer stagnation in the reservoir. Moreover, the amount of reaeration that occurred in the reach was insignificant. During periods when the dissolved-oxygen deficiency was large, the concentrations of iron and manganese at each of the three sites increased greatly.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999J","usgsCitation":"Rawson, J., and Lansford, M.W., 1971, The water quality of Sam Rayburn Reservoir, eastern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, iv, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999J.","productDescription":"iv, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28842,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999j/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b2ee4b07f02db6b3f33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rawson, Jack","contributorId":18345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawson","given":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lansford, Myra W.","contributorId":70242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lansford","given":"Myra","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2641,"text":"wsp1869F - 1971 - Analysis of current-meter data at Columbia River gaging stations, Washington and Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp1869F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1869","chapter":"F","title":"Analysis of current-meter data at Columbia River gaging stations, Washington and Oregon","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey developed equipment to measure stream velocity simultaneously with 10 current meters arranged in a vertical and to measure velocity closer to the streambed than attainable with conventional equipment. \r\n\r\nWith the 10 current meters, synchronous velocities were recorded for a period of 66 minutes at 10 different depths in one vertical of one gaging-station cross section. In addition, with a current meter installed on a special bracket to allow measurements to 0.5 foot above streambed, data were obtained at two to four verticals in four gaging-station cross sections. \r\n\r\nThe mean velocity determined for the 66-minute period of record was 3.30 fps (feet per second). The graphic record of velocity was analyzed on a minute-by-minute basis. It was noted that the shape of the vertical velocity curves (plot of horizontal flow velocities measured in a vertical) changed from one minute to the next, but the change seemed to be random. Velocities obtained at different depths in the, profile fluctuated significantly, with the 1-minute velocities obtained at 0.05 depth (5 percent of total depths measured from the surface at indicated vertical) showing the smallest range--0.66 fps--and those at 0.55 depth the largest range--l.22 fps. \r\n\r\nThe standard deviation, expressed in feet per second, of the velocity at each point in the vertical tended to increase with depth--from 0.16 fps at 0.05 depth to a maximum of 0.24 fps at 0.75 depth. The standard deviation, expressed as a percentage of the mean velocity, ranged from about 4 percent near the surface to 11 percent at 0.95 depth. In spite of the fluctuation in mean velocity that occurred during the 66 minutes and observation period of 4 minutes yields a mean velocity that differs from the 66-minute mean by less than one-half of a percent. \r\n\r\nDetermining the mean velocity by averaging the 10-point observations of the 66minute run proved to be as accurate as by plotting the vertical velocity curvy (from the averaged 10 points) and then integrating the depth-velocity profile. In comparing the velocity obtained by integrating the depth-velocity profile with the 10-point mean velocity for other field data, collected beyond that obtained during the 66-minute run, the difference ranged from -1.3 to +1.7 percent and averaged -0.2 percent. Extension of the curve below the 0.95 depth by use of a power function proved to be fairly accurate (when compared with actual measurements within this reach made with the special current-meter bracket). However, the extension did not improve significantly the accuracy of the integrated-curve mean velocity. \r\n\r\nBoth the one- and two-point methods were found to agree with the 10-point velocity. In computing mean river velocity, values determined by the two-point method ranged from -1.4 to +1.6 percent when compared with the base integrated-curve mean river velocity. The one-point method yielded results that ranged from -1.9 to +4.4 percent and averaged 40.1 percent. \r\n\r\nIn determining river flow by use of the midsection and mean-section methods, the mean-section method uniformly yields lower flows for the same dart.. The range in difference is from -0.2 percent to -1.6 percent, with an average difference of -0.6 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.; [for sale by the Supt. of Docs.],","doi":"10.3133/wsp1869F","usgsCitation":"Savini, J., and Bodhaine, G., 1971, Analysis of current-meter data at Columbia River gaging stations, Washington and Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1869, iv, 59 p. :illus., map. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1869F.","productDescription":"iv, 59 p. :illus., map. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1869f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28960,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1869f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6805cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savini, John","contributorId":67491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savini","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodhaine, G. L.","contributorId":26671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodhaine","given":"G. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2717,"text":"wsp1869G - 1971 - Techniques and equipment required for precise stream gaging in tide-affected fresh-water reaches of the Sacramento River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"wsp1869G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1869","chapter":"G","title":"Techniques and equipment required for precise stream gaging in tide-affected fresh-water reaches of the Sacramento River, California","docAbstract":"Current-meter measurements of high accuracy will be required for calibration of an acoustic flow-metering system proposed for installation in the Sacramento River at Chipps Island in California. This report presents an analysis of the problem of making continuous accurate current-meter measurements in this channel where the flow regime is changing constantly in response to tidal action. Gaging-system requirements are delineated, and a brief description is given of the several applicable techniques that have been developed by others. None of these techniques provides the accuracies required for the flowmeter calibration. A new system is described--one which has been assembled and tested in prototype and which will provide the matrix of data needed for accurate continuous current-meter measurements. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of a large quantity of data on the velocity distribution in the channel of the Sacramento River at Chipps Island shows that adequate definition of the velocity can be made during the dominant flow periods--that is, at times other than slack-water periods--by use of current meters suspended at elevations 0.2 and 0.8 of the depth below the water surface. However, additional velocity surveys will be necessary to determine whether or not small systematic corrections need be applied during periods of rapidly changing flow. \r\n\r\nIn the proposed system all gaged parameters, including velocities, depths, position in the stream, and related times, are monitored continuously as a boat moves across the river on the selected cross section. Data are recorded photographically and transferred later onto punchcards for computer processing. \r\n\r\nComputer programs have been written to permit computation of instantaneous discharges at any selected time interval throughout the period of the current meter measurement program. It is anticipated that current-meter traverses will be made at intervals of about one-half hour over periods of several days. Capability of performance for protracted periods was, consequently, one of the important elements in system design. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of error sources in the proposed system indicates that errors in individual computed discharges can be kept smaller than 1.5 percent if the expected precision in all measured parameters is maintained.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1869G","usgsCitation":"Smith, W., 1971, Techniques and equipment required for precise stream gaging in tide-affected fresh-water reaches of the Sacramento River, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1869, vi, 46 p. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1869G.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1869g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29101,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1869g/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29102,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1869g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Winchell","contributorId":20311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Winchell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}