New zircon U-Pb ages for the Alabama Hills Granite in Owens Valley, eastern California, range from 103 to 102 Ma, nearly 20 Ma older than previously published zircon ages. The data preclude previously implied links between the pluton and the adjacent Late Cretaceous Mount Whitney Intrusive Suite. Geochronologic and isotopic data indicate a connection between the Alabama Hills Granite and leucogranites to the northwest on the Sierra Nevada crest, as well as a pluton to the southeast in the Coso Range. We refer to these units as the Kearsarge plutons. The suite was intruded from 103 to 100.5 Ma with
The herbicide 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl) isoxazole, also known as isoxaflutole (IXF), was conditionally approved for use on corn in Michigan in 2015. The fate of IXF and its degradates in different environmental settings and the processes by which these compounds move to groundwater or to surface-water bodies have been previously studied, but little information about possible persistence and buildup of this herbicide and its degradates in Michigan’s groundwater and surface water is available. Therefore, from 2015 to 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, studied IXF and two of its degradates in two locations where IXF was applied.
IXF and its degradates were rarely detected in shallow groundwater downgradient from IXF applications. In contrast, one or more of the three target IXF compounds were detected in 40 percent of surface-water samples. The degradates 1-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl propan-1-dione), also known as diketonitrile isoxaflutole (DKN), and 2-methylsulfonyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid (BAA), the benzoic acid analogue of IXF, were detected more frequently than the parent compound. At surface-water sites, DKN and BAA reached maximum concentrations within about the first 5 weeks after IXF application after rainfall-runoff events. Concentrations subsequent to post-application maxima decreased through time approximately following first-order, exponential loss kinetics. Carryover of DKN and BAA, from an application year to the following spring, occurred at several surface-water sites, and springtime concentrations were typically 1–5 percent of maximum, post-application concentrations. Virtually no detections were recorded later in the growing season during non-application years. Results indicate rapid loss of IXF and very few detections of the parent compound from the study areas. The degradates DKN and BAA were more frequently detected in surface runoff up to about 1 year after IXF application, but no evidence of longer-term accumulation was found.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development","usgsCitation":"Luukkonen, C.L., and Brigham, M., 2022, Analysis of groundwater and surface water in areas of isoxaflutole application, Tuscola and Kalamazoo Counties, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5100, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225100.","productDescription":"viii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-131579","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503562,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113947.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410478,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5100/sir20225100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022-5100"},{"id":410477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5100/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":410481,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5100/images/"},{"id":410480,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5100/sir20225100.XML"},{"id":410479,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20225100/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2022-5100"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Kalamazoo County, Tuscola County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.65224067585507,\n 43.65396412320433\n ],\n [\n -83.65224067585507,\n 43.58484770083916\n ],\n [\n -83.55933087363205,\n 43.58484770083916\n ],\n [\n -83.55933087363205,\n 43.65396412320433\n ],\n [\n -83.65224067585507,\n 43.65396412320433\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.7632648910185,\n 42.15569823279415\n ],\n [\n -85.7632648910185,\n 42.114329516494564\n ],\n [\n -85.71163872564075,\n 42.114329516494564\n ],\n [\n -85.71163872564075,\n 42.15569823279415\n ],\n [\n -85.7632648910185,\n 42.15569823279415\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
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5840 Enterprise Drive
Lansing, MI 48911-4107
Rare plant species that are constrained by shading may be threatened by a lack of natural disturbance that removes overhanging vegetation. The original distribution of the study species Physostegia correllii (Lundell) Shinners included freshwater floodplains of large rivers in the southcentral U.S. (Colorado, Rio Grande, and Mississippi rivers). A second species, Trillium texanum Buckley was found in seep spring baygalls in east-central Texas and extreme northwestern Louisiana. Experiments to determine the effects of shading on P. correllii and T. texanum were conducted using short-term shade cloth treatments (full sunlight vs. 30% shading for 2–3 weeks), and a dryness treatment for T. texanum (moist vs. less moist). Mean height and cover responses of individuals for both species were determined in conservation gardens located in Lafayette, Louisiana. Physostegia correllii grown in shaded environments for 2.5 weeks had shorter mean height than if grown in full sunlight. Half of the shaded plants in shaded plots had died by the mid-summer. For T. texanum, shading reduced the mean height and cover of plants. Therefore, management to remove overhanging ground vegetation to mimic natural disturbance might revive P. correllii and/or T. texanum populations where overhanging vegetation is increasing due to lack of natural disturbance (e.g., flood pulsing, grazing, burning).
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Research Institute of Texas","doi":"10.17348/jbrit.v16.i2.1270","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., Williams, C.R., Doffitt, C., and Johnson, D., 2022, Effects of shading on the rare plant species, Physostegia correllii (Lamiaceae) and Trillium texanum (Melanthiaceae): Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, v. 16, no. 2, p. 591-603, https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v16.i2.1270.","productDescription":"13 p.; 2 Data Releases","startPage":"591","endPage":"603","ipdsId":"IP-133104","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445669,"rank":4,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v16.i2.1270","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":410472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414828,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D28MZ1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414827,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95BKVZ3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","county":"Bexar County, Cameron Parish, Chambers County, Galveston County, Gillespie County, Harris County, Kinney County, Maverick County, Montgomery County, St. Charles Parish, St. James Parish, St. Tammany Parish, Travis County, Val Verde County, Zapata 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\"}}]}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":216869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Casey R.","contributorId":299854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":64965,"text":"BIO-WEST, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doffitt, Chris","contributorId":258191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doffitt","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":858858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Darren 0000-0002-0502-6045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-6045","contributorId":203921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Darren","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70238780,"text":"70238780 - 2022 - A channel sampling strategy for measurement of mineral modal and chemical composition of drill cores: Application to lower oceanic crustal rocks from IODP Expedition 345 to the Hess Deep rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T15:00:33.468536","indexId":"70238780","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-12T08:43:47","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3356,"text":"Scientific Drilling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A channel sampling strategy for measurement of mineral modal and chemical composition of drill cores: Application to lower oceanic crustal rocks from IODP Expedition 345 to the Hess Deep rift","docAbstract":"We report a new sampling strategy for collecting representative samples of drill core. By splitting the core with a diamond saw into working and archive halves, the saw cuttings constitute a “channel” sample, the best subsample from which to obtain an average mineralogical and geochemical composition of a core. We apply this procedure to sampling core of the lower oceanic crust in the Hess Deep obtained during Expedition 345 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (now International Ocean Discovery Program).
Our results show that particles produced by sawing range from sand to clay sizes. Sand- and silt-sized cuttings can be sampled with a spatula, whereas clay-sized particles remained in suspension after 12 h and could be collected only by settling, aided by centrifuge. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Rietveld refinement show that phyllosilicates were fractionated into the clay-sized fraction. Thus, collection of both the sedimented fraction and the clay-sized suspended fraction (commonly > 15 wt % of the total) is necessary to capture the whole sample. The strong positive correlation between the recovered sample mass (in grams) and length of core cut demonstrates that this sampling protocol was uniform and systematic, with almost 1.4 g sediment produced per centimeter of core cut. We show that major-element concentrations of our channel samples compare favorably with the compositions of billet-sized samples analyzed aboard the JOIDES Resolution, but the results show that individual billet analyses are rarely representative of the whole core recovered. A final test of the validity of our methods comes from the strong positive correlation between the loss on ignition (LOI) values of our channel samples and the H2O contents calculated from the modal mineralogy obtained by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement. This sampling procedure shows that grain-sized fractionation modifies both mineralogical and chemical compositions; nevertheless, this channel sampling method is a reliable method of obtaining representative samples of bulk cores. With the ever-increasing precision offered by modern analytical instrumentation, this sampling protocol allows the accuracy of the analytical results to keep pace.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/sd-31-71-2022","usgsCitation":"Wintsch, R.P., Meyer, R., Bish, D., Deasy, R.T., Nozaka, T., and Johnson, C., 2022, A channel sampling strategy for measurement of mineral modal and chemical composition of drill cores: Application to lower oceanic crustal rocks from IODP Expedition 345 to the Hess Deep rift: Scientific Drilling, v. 31, p. 71-84, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-71-2022.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-133634","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-71-2022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":410280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Hess Deep Rift, Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.57372796106893,\n 3.330136493398328\n ],\n [\n -111.57372796106893,\n -1.0981582918846584\n ],\n [\n -101.19437373696735,\n -1.0981582918846584\n ],\n [\n -101.19437373696735,\n 3.330136493398328\n ],\n [\n -111.57372796106893,\n 3.330136493398328\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wintsch, Robert P.","contributorId":192913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wintsch","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":858574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Romain","contributorId":148991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Romain","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17609,"text":"Deutsche GeoForchungsZentrum Potsdam","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bish, David","contributorId":291943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bish","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":37145,"text":"Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deasy, Ryan T. 0000-0002-7530-803X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-803X","contributorId":299762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deasy","given":"Ryan","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nozaka, Toshio","contributorId":299763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nozaka","given":"Toshio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64944,"text":"Okayama University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Carley","contributorId":299764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64945,"text":"Marathon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70238720,"text":"70238720 - 2022 - PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat+REYs water-quality modeling tools to evaluate acid mine drainage treatment strategies for recovery of rare-earth elements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T16:04:23.105819","indexId":"70238720","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-01T09:55:30","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat+REYs water-quality modeling tools to evaluate acid mine drainage treatment strategies for recovery of rare-earth elements","docAbstract":"The PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat+REYs water-quality modeling tools have the fundamental capability to simulate aqueous chemical reactions and predict the formation of metal-rich solids during the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). These new user-friendly, publicly available tools were expanded from the PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat tools to include the precipitation of rare-earth elements plus yttrium (REYs) and the adsorption of REYs onto hydrous Fe, Al, and Mn oxides. The tool set consists of a caustic titration model that indicates equilibrium surface and aqueous speciation of REYs as functions of pH and caustic agent, and a kinetics+adsorption model that simulates progressive changes in pH, major ions, and REYs in water and solids during sequential steps through passive and/or active treatment. Each model has a user interface (UI) that facilitates the input of water-quality data and adjustment to geochemical or treatment system variables; for example, retention time and aeration rate are adjustable parameters in the kinetics model. On-screen graphs display results of changes in metals and associated solute concentrations as functions of pH or retention time; details are summarized in output tables. A goal of such modeling is to identify strategies that could produce a concentrated REYs extract from AMD or mine waste leachate. For example, if REYs could be concentrated after first removing substantial Fe and Al, the final REYs-bearing phase(s) could be more efficiently processed for REYs recovery and, therefore, may represent a more valuable commodity. Preliminary modeling supports the hypothesis that Fe and Al can be removed at pH < 5.5 using conventional sequential oxidation and neutralization treatment processes without removing REYs, and that further increasing pH can promote the adsorption of REYs by hydrous Mn oxides. Alternatively, chemicals such as oxalate or phosphate may be added to precipitate REYs compounds following initial steps to decrease Fe and Al concentrations. The aqueous geochemical model framework is comprehensive and permits evaluation of effects from interactive chemical and physical variables. Field studies that demonstrate REYs attenuation from AMD and corresponding solid-phase formation during specific treatment steps plus laboratory studies of aqueous/solid interactions are helpful to corroborate, refine, and constrain modelin parameters.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Acid Mine Drainage","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Conference on Acid Mine Drainage","conferenceDate":"September 18-24, 2022","language":"English","publisher":"University of Queensland","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2022, PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat+REYs water-quality modeling tools to evaluate acid mine drainage treatment strategies for recovery of rare-earth elements, in Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Acid Mine Drainage, September 18-24, 2022, p. 788-804.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"788","endPage":"804","ipdsId":"IP-137202","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://smi.uq.edu.au/conferences/international-conference-acid-rock-drainage-2022","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III 0000-0003-3116-4684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":207249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70238719,"text":"70238719 - 2022 - Determination and prediction of rare earth element eeochemical associations in acid mine drainage treatment wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T15:37:15.333066","indexId":"70238719","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-01T09:36:32","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Determination and prediction of rare earth element eeochemical associations in acid mine drainage treatment wastes","docAbstract":"Acid mine drainage (AMD) has been proposed by various researchers as a novel source of rare earth elements (REE), a group of elements that include critical metals for clean energy and modern technologies. REE tend to be sequestered in the Fe-Al-Mn-rich solids produced during the treatment of AMD. These solids are typically managed as waste, but could be a low-cost, readily available REE source. Here, results from field sampling, solids characterization, and geochemical modeling are presented to identify the mechanism(s) of REE attenuation and determine the minerals/solid phases in AMD solids that are enriched in REE.
This study reveals that solids produced from low-pH AMD that was passively treated by limestone contain elevated concentrations of REE with Al, Fe, and/or Mn. AMD solid characterization via sequential extraction demonstrated that Al and Mn oxides were more abundant than Fe oxides and that the REEs are mainly associated with Al/Mn phases. Additionally, sequential extractions demonstrate that for the AMD solids evaluated, acidic and/or reducing extractions are required to mobilize the REE. Finally, the “CausticTitrationREYs.exe” geochemical equilibrium model demonstrated in this study indicates that the observed dissolved REE attenuation can be explained via surface complexation on Fe, Al, and Mn oxides/hydroxides and not by REE compound precipitation. The model accurately predicts the pH dependent removal of dissolved REE and that Al and Mn oxides/hydroxides are largely responsible for dissolved REE removal for the systems evaluated. The modeling results are consistent with the characterization results that show that Al and Mn hydroxides are important hosting phases of REEs in AMD treatment systems.
The results presented here can be used to identify conditions favorable for accumulation of REE-enriched AMD solids and possible chemical treatment(s) to mobilize REE. The geochemical model can be applied to active and/or passive AMD treatment systems to predict REE attenuation with Fe, Al, and Mn during treatment and what phases may be enriched in REE. This information can be used to engineer AMD systems to produce specific phases enriched in REE. The recovery of REE from AMD solids is an opportunity to transform the environmental and economical challenge of polluted mine drainage into an asset.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage","conferenceDate":"September 18-24, 2022","language":"English","publisher":"University of Queensland","usgsCitation":"Hedin, B., Cravotta, C., Stuckman, M., Lopano, C., Capo, R., and Hedin, R., 2022, Determination and prediction of rare earth element eeochemical associations in acid mine drainage treatment wastes, in Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, September 18-24, 2022, p. 626-633.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"633","ipdsId":"IP-141129","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://smi.uq.edu.au/conferences/international-conference-acid-rock-drainage-2022"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedin, B.C.","contributorId":299679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedin","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64931,"text":"Hedin Environmental Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III 0000-0003-3116-4684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":207249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuckman, M.Y.","contributorId":299680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stuckman","given":"M.Y.","affiliations":[{"id":64933,"text":"National Energy Technology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lopano, C.L.","contributorId":299681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopano","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[{"id":64933,"text":"National Energy Technology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Capo, R.C.","contributorId":299682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Capo","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hedin, R.S.","contributorId":299683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedin","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64931,"text":"Hedin Environmental Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70239795,"text":"70239795 - 2022 - Osmoregulation and acid-base balance.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T14:50:53.947059","indexId":"70239795","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-01T08:49:30","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Osmoregulation and acid-base balance.","docAbstract":"Maintaining relatively constant levels of internal cellular ions is critical to the normal function of all animals. For many organisms this is achieved primarily by regulating the ion and acid-base composition of the blood within narrow limits. This understanding of the importance of “le milieu interior,” first espoused by Claude Bernard in the mid-1800s and later described as “homeostasis” by Walter Cannon, is a cornerstone of modern physiology. “It was Bernard’s view that we achieve a free and independent life, physically and mentally, because of the constancy of the composition of our internal environment” (Smith 1961:1). Direct contact between the gills and water makes ion, water, and acid-base balance especially challenging and important to fish and, in turn, makes fish important subjects for understanding the evolution and control of all of these homeostatic processes.
Several strategies exist within fishes for regulating ion concentrations in the blood relative to external (environmental) salt concentrations. Hagfishes, which are one extant group representing the ancestral jawless condition of vertebrates, are restricted to seawater (SW) and have an osmoconforming strategy in which the internal (blood) and external osmotic concentrations are very similar (Currie and Edwards 2010), but important differences do exist (Sardella et al. 2009). Lampreys are the other group of extant jawless fishes and either live wholly in freshwater (FW) or are anadromous. Lampreys have an osmoregulatory strategy in which the internal concentrations of ions are approximately one-third that of SW (Reis-Santos et al. 2008). Their underlying mechanisms of ion transport and osmoregulation appear to be nearly identical to those of the more recently evolved ray-finned fishes (Figure 9.1), which have adopted a similar osmoregulatory strategy. Elasmobranchs and coelacanths in SW retain high levels of urea in their plasma and are osmoconformers (Figure 9.2), whereas in the relatively rare instances elasmobranchs are found in FW, they are hyperosmoregulators, maintaining plasma ion levels in excess of environmental levels via mechanisms similar to FW ray-finned fishes (Ballantyne and Robinson 2010).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods for fish biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.47886/9781934874615.ch9","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S.D., Schultz, E., and Brauner, C., 2022, Osmoregulation and acid-base balance., chap. 9 of Methods for fish biology, p. 275-308, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874615.ch9.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"308","ipdsId":"IP-108481","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Eric T.","contributorId":298956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Eric T.","affiliations":[{"id":64738,"text":"University of CT, Storrs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brauner, Colin","contributorId":301092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brauner","given":"Colin","affiliations":[{"id":36484,"text":"UBC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70238431,"text":"sir20225111 - 2022 - Stormwater quantity and quality in selected urban watersheds in Hampton Roads, Virginia, 2016–2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T19:11:18.760396","indexId":"sir20225111","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-23T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-5111","displayTitle":"Stormwater Quantity and Quality in Selected Urban Watersheds in Hampton Roads, Virginia, 2016–2020","title":"Stormwater quantity and quality in selected urban watersheds in Hampton Roads, Virginia, 2016–2020","docAbstract":"Urbanization can substantially alter sediment and nutrient loadings to streams. Although a growing body of literature has documented these processes, conditions may vary widely by region and physiographic province (PP). Substantial investments are made by localities to meet federal, state, and local water-quality goals and locally relevant monitoring data are needed to appropriately set standards and track progress. In 2016, a long-term stormwater monitoring program was initiated to characterize water-quality and streamflow conditions and compute average annual nutrient- and sediment-loading rates across the three dominant land-use types—commercial (COM), high-density residential, and single-family residential (SFR)—in the Hampton Roads metropolitan region within the Coastal Plain PP in southeastern Virginia. This report summarizes the first five years of data collection to (1) assess patterns in streamflow and water chemistry across the three major land-use types in the region; (2) compute annual sediment and nutrient loads; and (3) compare annual loading rates to those in other urbanized regions.
Patterns in watershed hydrology characteristics and conditions were similar to those observed in other urban monitoring studies. Base-flow indices were lower and stream flashiness indices were higher in the study watersheds compared to those in less developed reference watersheds. These patterns reflect a decrease in infiltration and consequent increase in storm runoff as a result of urbanization. Stream flashiness was strongly positively related to degree of impervious land cover and negatively to watershed area. Hydrologic metrics varied across the land-use gradient, reflecting greater and more rapid runoff in the COM watersheds than in SFR watersheds. Event-based analyses conducted exclusively on periods of runoff highlight longer duration events, longer time-to-peak streamflow, and a longer lag between peak precipitation and peak streamflow in SFR watersheds, and higher stormflow yields, runoff ratios, and peak flows in COM watersheds. Event-based metrics varied seasonally because of regional meteorological patterns.
Concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) were positively correlated to streamflow, whereas concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) varied little across the hydrologic regime. Phosphorus composition varied spatially and seasonally—the proportion of orthophosphate (PO43-) was highest in samples collected from stations draining residential land-use types and was elevated in summer and fall. Nitrogen composition varied with hydrologic condition: nitrate plus nitrite (NO3-) dominance during base flow shifted to total organic nitrogen (TON) dominance during periods of runoff. For all three major constituents (TSS, TP, and TN), concentrations were highest in SFR watersheds, whereas yields were greatest in COM watersheds. This seeming contradiction in concentration and yield across land-use types occurred because of spatial differences in streamflow yield.
The network average TSS yield in Hampton Roads was lower than that in comparable networks in Fairfax County, Virginia, and Gwinnett County, Georgia, a difference that may reflect dissimilarities in the topographic and soil characteristics of the Coastal Plain versus those in Piedmont PPs, as well as differences in engineered concrete stormwater conveyances versus earthen streams. The average annual TP yield in Hampton Roads was higher than averages reported in comparison studies and was primarily driven by elevated PO43-. Elevated PO43- yields may be related to unique soil and geological features of the Coastal Plain PP that limit phosphorus retention. Total nitrogen yields in the Hampton Roads and Fairfax County networks were similar; however, composition did vary, with greater total organic nitrogen yields in Hampton Roads and greater NO3- yields in Fairfax County.
Cross-correlation analyses and mass-volume curves were used to assess the timing of sediment and nutrient loadings. The majority of TSS and TP was typically transported during the initial phase of a storm-runoff event, a phenomenon commonly termed the “first flush.” Although TN concentrations typically peaked within an hour of peak streamflow, reflecting the particulate dominance of TN during stormflows, and loadings were greater during the early phase of most storm events, the stricter first-flush criterion was rarely met. This suggests that the most abundant sources of TN in these watersheds are not as directly connected to the stormwater-conveyance system as are TSS and TP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225111","isbn":"978-1-4113-4488-4","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission","usgsCitation":"Porter, A.J., 2022, Stormwater quantity and quality in selected urban watersheds in Hampton Roads, Virginia, 2016–2020: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5111, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225111.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 77 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-140434","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409543,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XMPEND","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Inputs and selected outputs used to assess stormwater quality and quantity in twelve urban watersheds in Hampton Roads, Virginia, 2016–2020"},{"id":409538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5111/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":409552,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20225111/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2022-5111"},{"id":503568,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113834.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":409542,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5111/images/"},{"id":409541,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5111/sir20225111.XML"},{"id":409539,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5111/sir20225111.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022-5111"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Hampton Roads","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.14335620670732,\n 36.90313369880009\n ],\n [\n -76.31812685340054,\n 37.07905097755574\n ],\n [\n -76.51786473533596,\n 37.10821243098252\n ],\n [\n -76.55620727517176,\n 37.13025388344366\n ],\n [\n -76.59365716752067,\n 37.16650105362895\n ],\n [\n -76.62219115065432,\n 37.1295423598058\n ],\n [\n -76.47773786104024,\n 37.03208397181615\n ],\n [\n -76.4179948338545,\n 36.95587973488442\n ],\n [\n -76.23519900440459,\n 36.804670263024434\n ],\n [\n -76.11036282819533,\n 36.821803342395526\n ],\n [\n -76.14335620670732,\n 36.90313369880009\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
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Swarms are bursts of earthquakes without an obvious mainshock. Some have been observed to be associated with transient aseismic fault slip, while others are thought to be related to fluids. However, the association is rarely quantitative due to insufficient data quality. We use high-quality GPS/GNSS, InSAR, and relocated seismicity to study a swarm of >2,000 earthquakes which occurred between 30 September and 6 October 2020, near Westmorland, California. Using 5 min sampled Global Positioning System (GPS) supplemented with InSAR, we document a spontaneous shallow Mw 5.2 slow slip event that preceded the swarm by 2–15 hr. The earthquakes in the early phase were predominantly non-interacting and driven primarily by the slow slip event resulting in a nonlinear expansion. A stress-driven model based on the rate-and-state friction successfully explains the overall spatial and temporal evolution of earthquakes, including the time lag between the onset of the slow slip event and the swarm. Later, a distinct back front and a square root of time expansion of clustered seismicity on en-echelon fault structures suggest that fluids helped sustain the swarm. Static stress triggering analysis using Coulomb stress and statistics of interevent times suggest that 45%–65% of seismicity was driven by the slow slip event, 10%–35% by inter-earthquake interactions, and 10%–30% by fluids. Our model also provides constraints on the friction parameter and the pore pressure and suggests that this swarm behaved like an aftershock sequence but with the mainshock replaced by the slow slip event.
Billions of people living in poverty are at risk of environmentally mediated infectious diseases—that is, pathogens with environmental reservoirs that affect disease persistence and control and where environmental control of pathogens can reduce human risk. The complex ecology of these diseases creates a global health problem not easily solved with medical treatment alone.
We quantified the current global disease burden caused by environmentally mediated infectious diseases and used a structural equation model to explore environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with the human burden of environmentally mediated pathogens across all countries.
We found that around 80% (455 of 560) of WHO-tracked pathogen species known to infect humans are environmentally mediated, causing about 40% (129 488 of 359 341 disability-adjusted life years) of contemporary infectious disease burden (global loss of 130 million years of healthy life annually). The majority of this environmentally mediated disease burden occurs in tropical countries, and the poorest countries carry the highest burdens across all latitudes. We found weak associations between disease burden and biodiversity or agricultural land use at the global scale. In contrast, the proportion of people with rural poor livelihoods in a country was a strong proximate indicator of environmentally mediated infectious disease burden. Political stability and wealth were associated with improved sanitation, better health care, and lower proportions of rural poverty, indirectly resulting in lower burdens of environmentally mediated infections. Rarely, environmentally mediated pathogens can evolve into global pandemics (eg, HIV, COVID-19) affecting even the wealthiest communities.
The high and uneven burden of environmentally mediated infections highlights the need for innovative social and ecological interventions to complement biomedical advances in the pursuit of global health and sustainability goals.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Stanford University, and the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Regional populations of lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) have been declining irregularly since the early 1900s (Jensen et al. 2000). Populations in the Sand Sagebrush Prairie Ecoregion of Kansas and Colorado, USA, have been experiencing declines during the last 2 decades. Ecoregion-wide declines included the Cimarron and Comanche National Grasslands in southwestern Kansas and southeastern Colorado, respectively, from which lesser prairie-chickens were nearly extirpated by 2016. In 2014, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)–Forest Service created a vegetation management plan to restore lesser prairie-chicken nesting habitat on the National Grasslands. We used management plan recommendations to evaluate available nesting habitat on National Grasslands and surrounding areas for 394 transmitter-marked lesser prairie-chickens translocated to the Sand Sagebrush Prairie Ecoregion during 2016–2019. We found that a small proportion of vegetation measurements met the USDA–Forest Service's 100% visual obstruction guidelines of 25.4 to 38.1 cm (Cimarron: 5.3–21.8% of observations among cover types; Comanche: 1.5–3.0%), and grass species with a high value for nesting were rare (Cimarron: 0.5–20.1% of observations within each cover type; Comanche: 1.5–3.0%). Lesser prairie-chickens selected for 2 of the 10 National Grasslands' cover types (shrubland state and warm season shortgrass state) during breeding season movements, but only shrubland state was selected for during nesting. Our results indicate that nesting habitat for lesser prairie-chickens is limited on Cimarron and Comanche National Grasslands. As private grassland was also avoided during nesting, lesser prairie-chickens in Baca and Morton counties are currently primarily relying on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands to meet nesting habitat thresholds (Morton, KS: 17.7% CRP; Baca, CO: 16.6% CRP), which may be insufficient to sustain a viable population. Due to the impermanence of CRP, efforts to sustain local populations are likely to depend on increased improved lesser prairie-chicken nesting habitat on National Grasslands. Grazing strategies such as rest-rotation and year-long deferments may provide opportunities to restore lesser prairie-chicken habitat on sand sagebrush prairie.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1379","usgsCitation":"Berigan, L.A., Aulicky, C., Teige, E.C., Sullins, D., Haukos, D.A., Fricke, K.A., Reitz, J.H., Rossi, L.G., Schultz, K., and Ricketts, A., 2022, Availability of lesser prairie-chicken nesting habitat impairs restoration success: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 46, no. 5, e1379, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1379.","productDescription":"e1379, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124181","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1379","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.67738861641666,\n 32.42366747604686\n ],\n [\n -101.99410350476236,\n 31.953220584250772\n ],\n [\n -99.72460785351899,\n 34.75966422315135\n ],\n [\n -97.12004323111174,\n 37.918001462360536\n ],\n [\n -98.77719995504461,\n 39.82230052761457\n ],\n [\n -102.81137263180054,\n 39.830766635473395\n ],\n [\n -103.74257069017122,\n 38.89525754328761\n ],\n [\n -103.0389680340239,\n 36.79263140774131\n ],\n [\n -105.67738861641666,\n 32.42366747604686\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berigan, Liam A.","contributorId":341138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berigan","given":"Liam","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulicky, Carly S. 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The Mesoproterozoic rocks occur on the eastern edge of the Adirondack Highlands and represent an extension of the Grenville Province of Laurentia. Granulite facies Mesoproterozoic paragneiss, marble, and amphibolite hosted the emplacement of granitic orthogneiss at approximately 1.18–1.15 giga-annum (Ga, billion years before present). The earliest of four phases of deformation (D1) is characterized by gneissosity, rarely preserved F1 isoclinal folds, and migmatite in the host rocks. Subsequent D2 deformation produced a composite penetrative gneissosity, migmatite, and isoclinal F2 folds. Towards the end of D2, felsic magmatism (including the regionally extensive Lyon Mountain Granite Gneiss, abbreviated “LMG”) spread by penetrative migration as semiconcordant alkali feldspar granite sheets subparallel to S2 into previously deformed lithologies. The LMG crystallized at approximately 1.15 Ga and displays synkinematic F2 folds thus constraining the time of D2 deformation. Exhumation during D3 produced F3 folds exhibited in regional domes and basins, such as the Keeney Mountain synform, local reactivation of the S2 foliation, partial melting, metamorphism, metasomatism, iron ore remobilization, and intrusion of magnetite-bearing pegmatite both as layer-parallel sills and crosscutting dikes. D4 created NE- and NW-trending boudinage, local high-grade ductile shear zones, and crosscutting granitic pegmatite dikes. Kilometer (km)-scale lineaments readily observed in lidar data are Ediacaran mafic dikes and Phanerozoic brittle faults. The Paleozoic rocks are part of the Early Cambrian to Late Ordovician great American carbonate bank on the ancient margin of Laurentia. Cambrian-Ordovician stratigraphy records an approximately 1-km-thick section and a transition from synrift clastics to passive margin peritidal carbonate buildups to gradually deeper water subtidal to shelf carbonates during foreland basin development associated with the Taconic orogeny. The Paleozoic rocks are weakly folded and block faulted. Large areas of the Champlain Valley are covered by undifferentiated glacial deposits, some of which contain mapped landslides. The map also shows waste rock piles and tailings from historical mining operations and large areas of artificial fill.
This study was undertaken to improve our understanding of the bedrock geology in the Adirondack Highlands, establish a modern framework for 1:24,000-scale bedrock geologic mapping in the Adirondacks, provide a context for historical iron mines in the eastern Adirondacks, and update the stratigraphy of the Champlain Valley in New York and Vermont. This Scientific Investigations Map of the Crown Point 7.5-minute quadrangle consists of a map sheet, an explanatory pamphlet, and a geographic information system database that includes bedrock geologic units, faults, outcrops, and structural geologic information. The map sheet includes a bedrock geologic map, a correlation of map units, a description of map units, an explanation of map symbols, three cross sections, and a simplified surficial geologic map that includes lidar percent slope. The explanatory pamphlet includes a discussion of the geology.
The bedrock geologic map on the map sheet is multi-layered and has been designed to enable the user to turn off the surficial map layer to view the concealed bedrock map units.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3491","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Vermont, Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Vermont Geological Survey, and the State of New York, Department of Education, New York Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Orndorff, R.C., and McAleer, R.J., 2022, Bedrock geologic map of the Crown Point quadrangle, Essex County, New York, and Addison County, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3491, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, 44-p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3491.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: viii, 44 p.; Sheet: 62.00 x 41.00 inches; Base Map; Database; Metadata","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117525","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435638,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1FHRNVU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Database for the bedrock geologic map of the Crown Point quadrangle, Essex County, New York, and Addison County, Vermont"},{"id":410043,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3491/sim3491_sheet1.pdf","size":"178 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":408680,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3491/sim3491_metadata.zip","size":"216 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":408682,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3491/sim3491_basemap.zip","text":"Topographic Spatial Data","size":"119 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":408679,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3491/sim3491_database.zip","size":"4.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":408674,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3491/sim3491_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3491"},{"id":408673,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3491/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501933,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113783.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":408681,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3491/sim3491_openaccess.zip","text":"Open Access","size":"6.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Vermont","county":"Addison County, Essex County","otherGeospatial":"Crown Point quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.5,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 43.875\n ],\n [\n -73.375,\n 43.875\n ],\n [\n -73.375,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
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Wind power is an expanding source of renewable energy. However, there are ecological challenges related to wind energy generation, including collisions of wildlife with turbines. Lack of rigor, and variation in study design, together limit efforts to understand the broad-scale effects of wind power infrastructure on wildlife populations. It is not clear, however, whether these types of limitations apply to groups of birds such as raptors that are particularly vulnerable to negative effects of wind energy. We reviewed 672 peer-reviewed publications, unpublished reports, and citations from 321 wind facilities in 12 countries to evaluate methods used to monitor and mitigate for wind facility impacts on raptors. Most reports that included raptor monitoring (86 %, n = 461) only conducted post-construction monitoring for raptor fatalities, while few (12 %; n = 65) estimated pre-construction raptor use. Only 27 % of facilities (n = 62) provided estimates of fatalities or raptor use across multiple construction phases, and the percentage of facilities with data available from multiple construction periods has not changed over time. A formal experimental study design was incorporated into surveys at only 29 % of facilities. Finally, mitigation practices to reduce impacts on raptors were only reported at 23 % of facilities. Our results suggest that rigorous data collection on wind energy impacts to raptors is rare, and that mitigation of detrimental effects is seldom reported. Expanding the use of rigorous research approaches and increasing data availability would improve understanding of the regional and global effects of wind energy on raptor populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109707","usgsCitation":"Conkling, T., McClure, C.J., Cuadros, S., Loss, S.R., and Katzner, T., 2022, Limited rigor in studies of raptor mortality and mitigation at wind power facilities: Biological Conservation, v. 275, 109707, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109707.","productDescription":"109707, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137776","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109707","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Chile, Mexico, Peru, Spain, United States, 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W.","contributorId":296025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClure","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J. W.","affiliations":[{"id":36583,"text":"The Peregrine Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuadros, Sandra","contributorId":298625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cuadros","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36583,"text":"The Peregrine Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loss, S. R. 0000-0002-8753-2995","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-2995","contributorId":257044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loss","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":51965,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management, Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70238755,"text":"70238755 - 2022 - Yukon River incision drove organic carbon burial in the Bering Sea during global climate changes at 2.6 and 1 Ma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T01:36:22.973599","indexId":"70238755","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-28T06:51:44","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7942,"text":"Earth Surface Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yukon River incision drove organic carbon burial in the Bering Sea during global climate changes at 2.6 and 1 Ma","docAbstract":"River erosion affects the carbon cycle and thus climate by exporting terrigenous carbon to seafloor sediment and by nourishing CO2-consuming marine life. The Yukon River–Bering Sea system preserves rare source-to-sink records of these processes across profound changes in global climate during the past 5 million years (Ma). Here, we expand the terrestrial erosion record by dating terraces along the Charley River, Alaska, and explore linkages among previously published Yukon River tributary incision chronologies and Bering Sea sedimentation. Cosmogenic
Space use by mammals can differ among age-classes, sexes, or seasons, and these processes are recognized as adaptive behavioral strategies. Semi-fossorial ground squirrels, in particular, have shown age- and sex-specific patterns in their aboveground movement behaviors. We studied space use of Mohave ground squirrels (Xerospermophilus mohavensis) at the Freeman Gulch study site in the central region of their range in the Mojave Desert, California. We documented the timing of their full annual cycle, investigated correlates of size of home ranges of adults and distance of long-distance movements by juveniles, and evaluated whether juvenile body masses and movements were related to interannual climatic variation. Adult males emerged from burrows and entered hibernation sooner than did adult females. Home ranges were larger for males (
Early life stages of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus are rarely collected, and thus information on their biology and ecology is extremely limited. We sampled 75 larval pallid sturgeon (25-110 mm) and 148 larval shovelnose sturgeon S. platorynchus (15-95 mm) by trawl from the upper Missouri River (USA) in 2019. Stomach contents were identified to compare food use and diet overlap between the 2 sturgeon species at the order, family, and genus levels of taxonomic prey identification. Analyses were conducted with sites pooled and with sites separated by the confluence of the Yellowstone River (upper and lower). Abundance of dominant prey in the gut (Diptera larvae) increased with fish length for both species, and regression slopes were similar. Diet overlap at pooled sites decreased from 0.94 to 0.49 when prey were identified to order and genus, respectively, and decreases in diet overlap at individual sites were more pronounced. Larval pallid sturgeon consumed a maximum of 11 unique taxa, whereas shovelnose sturgeon consumed 6 taxa that were not consumed by pallid sturgeon. These results indicate that larval diets are similar between species when evaluated at coarse taxonomic scales, but at fine taxonomic scales, notable differences exist. As information about the diets of larval pallid sturgeon captured from a riverine environment are scarce and the use of shovelnose sturgeon as an indicator of available suitable food and habitat and as a dietary surrogate for pallid sturgeon has been under consideration, our results suggest that caution be exercised in modeling efforts or management actions relating to surrogacy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr01205","usgsCitation":"Holley, C.T., Braaten, P., Poulton, B., Heist, E.J., Umland, L., and Haddix, T., 2022, Diet composition and overlap of larval pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon from the upper Missouri River, USA: Endangered Species Research, v. 49, p. 103-114, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01205.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"114","ipdsId":"IP-137091","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B6I9A2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Invertebrates enumerated from the diets of larval pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus) in the Upper Missouri River, Montana and North Dakota in 2019"},{"id":412491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Upper Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.41387315510876,\n 48.772256767913774\n ],\n [\n -106.41387315510876,\n 47.094926014436766\n ],\n [\n -101.86746408165837,\n 47.094926014436766\n ],\n [\n -101.86746408165837,\n 48.772256767913774\n ],\n [\n -106.41387315510876,\n 48.772256767913774\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holley, Colt Taylor 0000-0003-4172-4331","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-4331","contributorId":272272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holley","given":"Colt","email":"","middleInitial":"Taylor","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braaten, Patrick 0000-0003-3362-420X pbraaten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-420X","contributorId":152682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"Patrick","email":"pbraaten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poulton, Barry","contributorId":301852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heist, Edward J.","contributorId":221082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heist","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40317,"text":"Southern Illinois University, Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Umland, Levi","contributorId":301851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Umland","given":"Levi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haddix, Tyler M.","contributorId":268184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haddix","given":"Tyler M.","affiliations":[{"id":55585,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, P.O. Box 165, Fort Peck, Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70262045,"text":"70262045 - 2022 - Cause of death, pathology, and chronic wasting disease status of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) mortalities in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T17:53:30.867941","indexId":"70262045","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cause of death, pathology, and chronic wasting disease status of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) mortalities in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"White-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) are a critical species for ecosystem function and wildlife management. As such, studies of cause-specific mortality among WTD have long been used to understand population dynamics. However, detailed pathological information is rarely documented for free-ranging WTD, especially in regions with a high prevalence of chronic wasting disease (CWD). This leaves a significant gap in understanding how CWD is associated with disease processes or comorbidities which may subsequently alter broader population dynamics. In this study, we investigated unknown mortalities among collared WTD in southwestern Wisconsin, an area of high CWD prevalence. We tested for associations between CWD and other disease processes and used a network approach to test for co-occurring disease processes. Predation and infectious disease were top suspected causes of death, with high prevalence of CWD (42.4%; of 245 evaluated) and pneumonia (51.2%; of 168 evaluated) in our sample. CWD prevalence increased with age, before decreasing among older individuals, with more older females than males in our sample. Females were more likely to be CWD positive, and while this was not statistically significant when accounting for age, females were significantly more likely to die with end-stage CWD than were males and may consequently be an underrecognized source of CWD transmission. Presence of CWD was associated with emaciation, atrophy of marrow fat and hematopoietic cells, and ectoparasitism (i.e., lice, ticks). Occurrences of severe infectious disease pathologies clustered together (e.g., pneumonia, CWD), as compared to non-infectious or low severity processes (e.g., sarcocystosis). However, pneumonia cases were not fully explained by CWD status. With the prevalence of CWD increasing across North America, our results highlight the critical importance of understanding the potential role of CWD in favoring or maintaining disease processes of importance for deer population health and dynamics.
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\"}}]}","volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbertson, Marie L.J.","contributorId":347992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbertson","given":"Marie L.J.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandell, Ellen E.","contributorId":347993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandell","given":"Ellen E.","affiliations":[{"id":83274,"text":"University of Wisconsin–Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinkerton, Marie E.","contributorId":347994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinkerton","given":"Marie E.","affiliations":[{"id":83277,"text":"School of Veterinary Medicine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meaux, Nicolette M.","contributorId":347995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meaux","given":"Nicolette M.","affiliations":[{"id":83274,"text":"University of Wisconsin–Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunsaker, Matthew","contributorId":347996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jarosinski, Dana","contributorId":347997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarosinski","given":"Dana","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ellarson, Wesley","contributorId":347998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellarson","given":"Wesley","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Walsh, Daniel P. 0000-0002-7772-2445","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2445","contributorId":219539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Storm, Daniel J.","contributorId":347999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Storm","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Turner, Wendy Christine 0000-0002-0302-1646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-1646","contributorId":287053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Christine","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70238476,"text":"70238476 - 2022 - Tectonics, fault zones, and topography in the Alaska-Canada Cordillera with a focus on the Alaska Range and Denali fault zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T14:29:36.972497","indexId":"70238476","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-21T08:15:10","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Tectonics, fault zones, and topography in the Alaska-Canada Cordillera with a focus on the Alaska Range and Denali fault zone","docAbstract":"Synergistic interactions between geologic structures and topography have long been recognized to reflect numerous Earth processes and rock properties over time. It was not until the advent of plate tectonics in the midtwentieth century that researchers began to view the nature of the northern Cordillera orogen as a quilt of foreign pieces of crust or “suspect terranes”. The Alaska Range shows complexity in topographic, geometric, and exhumational age asymmetry along and across the strike of the Denali fault zone attributable to several factors. Although direct exposures of the Denali fault zone in bedrock are exceptionally rare, regional to outcrop scale observations show the common internal structure consisting of some degree of strain localization in one or more, and presumably relatively weak, fault cores and an associated, commonly hydrothermally altered, damage zone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atlas of structural geological and geomorphological interpretation of remote sensing images","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781119813392.ch13","usgsCitation":"Caine, J., and Benowitz, J.A., 2022, Tectonics, fault zones, and topography in the Alaska-Canada Cordillera with a focus on the Alaska Range and Denali fault zone, chap. 13 of Atlas of structural geological and geomorphological interpretation of remote sensing images, p. 135-145, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119813392.ch13.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"145","ipdsId":"IP-129709","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141,\n 64.23134398587158\n ],\n [\n -156.36743326683552,\n 64.23134398587158\n ],\n [\n -156.36743326683552,\n 60.48117613047023\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 60.48117613047023\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 64.23134398587158\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan Saul 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":199295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan Saul","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":857582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benowitz, Jeff A. 0000-0003-2294-9172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-9172","contributorId":229570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benowitz","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":41671,"text":"Geophysical Institute and Geochronology Laboratory, University of Alaska–Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241136,"text":"70241136 - 2022 - Climate disequilibrium dominates uncertainty in long-term projections of primary productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T12:07:56.782111","indexId":"70241136","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-21T07:05:50","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate disequilibrium dominates uncertainty in long-term projections of primary productivity","docAbstract":"Rapid climate change may exceed ecosystems' capacities to respond through processes including phenotypic plasticity, compositional turnover and evolutionary adaption. However, consequences of the resulting climate disequilibria for ecosystem functioning are rarely considered in projections of climate change impacts. Combining statistical models fit to historical climate data and remotely-sensed estimates of herbaceous net primary productivity with an ensemble of climate models, we demonstrate that assumptions concerning the magnitude of climate disequilibrium are a dominant source of uncertainty: models assuming maximum disequilibrium project widespread decreases in productivity in the western US by 2100, while models assuming minimal disequilibrium project productivity increases. Uncertainty related to climate disequilibrium is larger than uncertainties from variation among climate models or emissions pathways. A better understanding of processes that regulate climate disequilibria is essential for improving long-term projections of ecological responses and informing management to maintain ecosystem functioning at historical baselines.
Accurate evaluations of habitat preference are key to understanding optimal conditions for wildlife survival and reproduction. Habitat selection, however, usually is evaluated using a single index of preference, and congruence among multiple, relevant indices of preference is examined rarely.
We assessed the concordance between patterns of habitat preference using three different indices of breeding site preference in a migratory songbird. Specifically, we compared the chronology of territorial establishment, pair formation and reproductive initiation of the Brewer's sparrow (Spizella breweri) along a gradient of surface disturbance associated with natural gas development in Wyoming, USA during 2019.
We expected all three indices to demonstrate a preference for breeding sites with less surface disturbance, where reproductive success typically is higher. By contrast, all indices suggested suboptimal preference with respect to surface disturbance, with some discrepancy among them. The chronology of settlement and pairing did not vary across the disturbance gradient, whereas nest initiation tended to occur earlier at sites with more disturbance.
If the pattern of suboptimal selection of breeding sites that we identified is generalizable across other populations of migratory birds affected by energy development, the resultant lower fitness in those areas may exacerbate population declines.
Our results suggest that traditional, single-index approaches to the study of habitat selection, if chosen carefully, may provide adequate inference on habitat preferences. Different metrics, however, can lead to at least subtle differences in patterns of habitat selection. The simultaneous examination of multiple indices of preference across a diversity of systems would help clarify the contexts under which preference metrics can become decoupled.
Biological communities in freshwater streams are often impaired by multiple stressors (e.g., flow or water quality) originating from anthropogenic activities such as urbanization, agriculture, or energy extraction. Restoration efforts in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA seek to improve biological conditions in 10% of freshwater tributaries and to protect the biological integrity of existing healthy watersheds. To achieve these goals, resource managers need to better understand which stressors are most likely driving biological impairment. Our study addressed this knowledge gap through two approaches: 1) reviewing and synthesizing published multi-stressor studies, and 2) examining 303(d) listed impairments linked to biological impairment as identified by jurisdiction regulatory agencies (the states within the watershed and the District of Columbia). Results identified geomorphology (i.e., physical habitat), salinity, and toxic contaminants as important for explaining variability in benthic community metrics in the literature review. Geomorphology (i.e., physical habitat and sediment), salinity, and nutrients were the most reported stressors in the jurisdictional impairment analysis. Salinity is likely a major stressor in urban and mining settings, whereas geomorphology was commonly reported in agricultural settings. Toxic contaminants, such as pesticides, were rarely measured; more research is needed to quantify the extent of their effects in the region. Flow alteration was also highlighted as an important urban stressor in the literature review but was rarely measured in the literature or reported by jurisdictions as a cause of impairment. These results can be used to prioritize stressor monitoring by managers, and to improve stressor identification methods for identifying causes of biological impairment.
Uncovering the historical and contemporary processes shaping rare species with complex distributions is of growing importance due to threats such as habitat destruction and climate change. Species restricted to specialized, patchy habitat may persist by virtue of life history characteristics facilitating ongoing gene flow and dispersal, but they could also reflect the remnants of formerly widespread, suitable habitat that existed during past climate regimes. If formerly widespread species did not rely upon traits facilitating high dispersibility to persist, contemporary populations could be at high risk of extirpation or extinction. Fortunately, genomic investigations provide an opportunity to illuminate such alternative scenarios while simultaneously offering guidance for future management interventions. Herein, we test the role of these mechanisms in shaping patterns of genomic diversity and differentiation across a highly restricted and rare ecosystem: desert hanging gardens. We focus on Carex specuicola (Cyperaceae), a hanging garden obligate narrowly distributed in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States that is listed as Threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act. Population structure and diversity analyses reveal that hanging garden populations are shaped by strong genetic drift, but that individuals in gardens are occasionally more closely related to individuals at other gardens than to individuals within the same garden. Similarly, gardens separated by long geographic distances may contain individuals that are more closely related compared to individuals in gardens separated by short geographic distances. Demographic modeling supports historical gene flow between some contemporary garden pairs, which is corroborated by low estimates of inbreeding coefficients and recent divergence times. As such, multiple lines of evidence support dispersal and gene flow across C. specuicola populations at both small and large spatial scales, indicating that even if C. specuicola was formerly more widespread, it may be well suited to persist in hanging gardens so long as suitable habitat remains available. Analyses like those demonstrated herein may be broadly applicable for understanding the short- and long-term evolutionary processes influencing rare species, and especially those having complex distributions across heterogeneous landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2022.941002","usgsCitation":"Chapin, K.J., Jones, M.R., Winkler, D.E., Rink, G., and Massatti, R., 2022, Evolutionary dynamics inform management interventions of a hanging garden obligate, Carex specuicola: Frontiers in Conservation Science, v. 3, 941002, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2022.941002.","productDescription":"941002, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141134","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2022.941002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LLZ1XD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Carex specuicola genomic data for the southern Colorado Plateau Desert"},{"id":408036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"southern Colorado Plateau Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 35.88905007936091\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, Kenneth James 0000-0002-8382-4050","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-4050","contributorId":297377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Matthew R","contributorId":297378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":64389,"text":"formerly: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winkler, Daniel E. 0000-0003-4825-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-9073","contributorId":206786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rink, Glenn","contributorId":297379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rink","given":"Glenn","affiliations":[{"id":64390,"text":"Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Massatti, Robert 0000-0001-5854-5597","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-5597","contributorId":207294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massatti","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70238634,"text":"70238634 - 2022 - Regional models do not outperform continental models for invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T13:01:29.078063","indexId":"70238634","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-04T07:00:10","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5071,"text":"NeoBiota","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional models do not outperform continental models for invasive species","docAbstract":"Aim: Species distribution models can guide invasive species prevention and management by characterizing invasion risk across space. However, extrapolation and transferability issues pose challenges for developing useful models for invasive species. Previous work has emphasized the importance of including all available occurrences in model estimation, but managers attuned to local processes may be skeptical of models based on a broad spatial extent if they suspect the captured responses reflect those of other regions where data are more numerous. We asked whether species distribution models for invasive plants performed better when developed at national versus regional extents.
Location: Continental United States.
Methods: We developed ensembles of species distribution models trained nationally, on sagebrush habitat, or on sagebrush habitat within three ecoregions (Great Basin, eastern sagebrush, and Great Plains) for nine invasive plants of interest for early detection and rapid response at local or regional scales. We compared the performance of national versus regional models using spatially independent withheld test data from each of the three ecoregions.
Results: We found that models trained using a national spatial extent tended to perform better than regionally trained models. Regional models did not outperform national ones even when considerable occurrence data were available for model estimation within the focal region. Information was often unavailable to fit informative regional models precisely in those areas of greatest interest for early detection and rapid response.
Main conclusions: Habitat suitability models for invasive plant species trained at a continental extent can reduce extrapolation while maximizing information on species’ responses to environmental variation. Standard modeling methods can capture spatially varying limiting factors, while regional or hierarchical models may only be advantageous when populations differ in their responses to environmental conditions, a condition expected to be relatively rare at the expanding boundaries of invasive species’ distributions.
","language":"English","publisher":"NeoBiota","doi":"10.3897/neobiota.77.86364","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., Sofaer, H., Engelstad, P., and Belamaric, P., 2022, Regional models do not outperform continental models for invasive species: NeoBiota, v. 77, https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.77.86364.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1-22","ipdsId":"IP-137001","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.77.86364","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90AL0PN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data to create and evaluate distribution models for invasive species for different geographic extents"},{"id":409981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sofaer, Helen R. 0000-0002-9450-5223","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-5223","contributorId":216681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sofaer","given":"Helen","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engelstad, Peder","contributorId":238758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelstad","given":"Peder","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belamaric, Pairsa 0000-0001-7529-0370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-0370","contributorId":299593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belamaric","given":"Pairsa","affiliations":[{"id":64897,"text":"Student Contractor to the USGS Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}