Improving the probability of detecting invasive giant snakes is vital for the management of emerging or established populations. Burmese pythons occupy thousands of square kilometers of mostly inaccessible habitats in Florida. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have been shown to be time and cost effective in a number of systems and may be preferable to traditional detection methods for constrictor snakes, having been shown to be effective at detecting Burmese pythons where traditional and novel detection methods have failed. The purposes of this study were (1) to estimate Burmese python eDNA occurrence in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem based on land-use type; and (2) to conduct preliminary surveys within the Greater Everglades Ecosystem for positive eDNA detections. Twenty-eight sites were sampled in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, with 5 field replicate samples per site, for a total of 140 water samples collected. Python eDNA was detected in samples from 25 of the 28 sites by using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction amplification. Abiotic parameters were collected and explored, but we found no conclusive relationship among them and python eDNA detections. eDNA monitoring of aquatic habitats can assist in identifying newly colonized areas where pythons have not been previously detected, as well as movement corridors and pathways of dispersal. This information could be used to delimit a population boundary as it expands further to the north in peninsular Florida.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211082","usgsCitation":"Beaver, C.E., Meigs-Friend, G., and Hunter, M.E., 2021, Environmental DNA surveys of Burmese pythons in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1082, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211082.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122212","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390968,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HVM4VQ","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Droplet digital PCR data for environmental DNA surveys of Burmese pythons in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem"},{"id":390967,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1082/ofr20211082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1082"},{"id":390966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1082/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390969,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1082/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.552353652165465\n ],\n [\n -80.87585449218749,\n 24.946219074360055\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 25.199970890386\n ],\n [\n -79.8211669921875,\n 26.701452590314393\n ],\n [\n -82.15576171875,\n 26.598351182358265\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.552353652165465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506–3152
The stratigraphy, water-bearing zones, and quality of groundwater were characterized in a 1,400-ft-deep test hole drilled during 2013 in fractured bedrock in Sullivan County, Pa., by collection and analysis of measurements made during drilling, geophysical logs, and depth-specific hydraulic tests and water samples. The multidisciplinary characterization of the test hole was a cooperative effort between the Pennsylvania Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Geological Survey (BGS), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The study provided information to aid the bedrock mapping of the Laporte 7.5-minute quad-rangle by BGS to help quantify the depth and character of fresh and saline groundwater in an area of shale-gas exploration (described in this report), which could help gas operators protect groundwater resources.
The Laporte test hole was drilled with air-hammer methods in an upland setting in the headwaters of Loyalsock Creek in the Glaciated High Plateau section of the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province. Bedrock residuum and till were penetrated from land surface to 8.5 ft, the Huntley Mountain Formation of Mississippian and Devonian age was penetrated from 8.5 to 540 ft, and the Catskill Formation of Devonian age was penetrated from 540 to 1,400 ft. Fractures, determined from optical televiewer, acoustic televiewer, and video logs, were commonly encountered to 200 ft bls (below land surface), then decreased exponentially with depth, except at a highly fractured zone from 637 to 644 ft bls. Most fractures were along bedding planes and had a strike of about 243 degrees and dip about 4 degrees to the northwest, consistent with the test-hole location on the north limb of the Muncy Creek anticline. Few fractures were noted below 650 ft.
The depths of fresh and saline water-bearing fracture zones were identified in the test hole by geophysical-log analysis and were verified by pumping samples from zones isolated with packers and by collecting samples in the open hole with a wire-line point sampler. Six water-bearing zones associated with single or multiple fractures were identified at depths of 130–135, 180, 267–275, 425, 637–644, and 1,003 ft bls. Under ambient conditions, fresh water entered the hole from fractures at 130-135 and 180 ft bls, flowed downward and exited at fractures from 267–275, 425, and 637–644 ft. When pumped at 16.2 gal/min, most of the water from the open test hole was contributed from the fracture at 180 ft bls. Transmissivity, estimated from analysis of the specific-capacity data and flowmeter logs, is about 850 ft2/d for the entire open hole, and about 60 percent of the transmissivity is contributed from the fracture zone at 180 ft bls. The hydraulic heads in the deep water-bearing zones at 425 and 637–644 ft were about 100 ft lower than hydraulic heads in shallow water-bearing zones at 180 ft bls and above, indicating a large downward vertical hydraulic gradient.
Water samples pumped from fracture zones isolated by packers at and above the water-bearing zone at 450 ft bls were fresh with dissolved-solids contents of 105 mg/L or less. The sample isolated at 637–644 ft bls was probably affected by leakage around packers, but the specific-conductance samples collected during drilling that were believed to be representa-tive of the fracture zone at 637–644 ft bls indicated slightly saline water. Below the 637–644 ft zone, a flowmeter log in the open hole did not detect any vertical flow, and the temperature log approached the geothermal gradient, indicating little ambient fluid flow and minimal fracture transmissivity below this depth. A petrophysical-log analysis using estimates of formation water resistivity from Archie’s Equation indicated an apparent transition from fresh to saline water in the sandstones occurs between 450 to 900 ft bls, with saline water indicated below 900 ft.
Small seeps of saline water were delineated at 958, 989, and 1,003 ft bls by a time series of specific-conductance logs, and a discrete-point water sample at 990 ft bls with total dissolved-solids concentration of 19,900 mg/L verified that highly saline water was present below 900 ft bls. Occurrence of saline water at a depth of about 900 ft bls is below altitude of streams within 3 to 5 miles of the test hole but is about 930 ft above the altitude at the mouth of Loyalsock Creek where is enters the West Branch Susquehanna River at Montours-ville, Pa. The depth to saline water in this test hole is close to depths estimated at two other deep test holes drilled by the BGS in upland settings in Bradford and Tioga Counties in north-ern Pennsylvania.
The saline water from 990 ft bls had a chemical composition similar to Appalachian Basin brines that had been diluted with fresh water. Predominant ions in the saline water were sodium, chloride, and calcium. Trace constituents of strontium, bromide, barium, lithium, and molybdenum were all more than 5,000 times greater than in freshwater samples from 167 or 270 ft bls. Methane concentration in the saline water sample from 990 ft was 120 mg/L. The concentration ratios of methane to higher-chain hydrocarbon gases and isotopic ratios of 13C/12C and 2H/1H of methane indicate that the gases are likely of thermogenic origin. In the sample from 990 ft bls, the 13C/12C of methane was less negative (-34.81 per mil) than 13C/12C of ethane (-37.1 per mil). Isotopic reversals such as this are generally found in gases from rocks older than the Catskill Formation, so its recognition in a natural upland setting at relatively shallow depth could be important when interpreting isotopic results to identify the origin of stray gas in the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., Williams, J., and Bierly, A.D., 2021, Geohydrologic and water-quality characterization of a fractured-bedrock test hole in an area of Marcellus Shale gas development, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania: Open-File Report OFMI 21-02.0, xii, 56 p.","productDescription":"xii, 56 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107313","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393564,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://maps.dcnr.pa.gov/publications/Default.aspx?id=995"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Sullivan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.61453247070312,\n 41.28967402411714\n ],\n [\n -76.37832641601562,\n 41.28967402411714\n ],\n [\n -76.37832641601562,\n 41.46742831254425\n ],\n [\n -76.61453247070312,\n 41.46742831254425\n ],\n [\n -76.61453247070312,\n 41.28967402411714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bierly, Aaron D.","contributorId":270527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bierly","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16182,"text":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70225614,"text":"ofr20211030G - 2021 - System characterization report on Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70225614,"text":"ofr20211030G - 2021 - System characterization report on Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor","indexId":"ofr20211030G","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor","title":"System characterization report on Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-30T10:49:11.047682","indexId":"ofr20211030G","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-28T14:32:18","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1030","chapter":"G","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor","title":"System characterization report on Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor","docAbstract":"This report addresses system characterization of the Indian Space Research Organisation Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence in 2021. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
Resourcesat-2 is a medium-resolution satellite launched in 2011 on the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C16. Resourcesat-2 carries the same sensing elements as Resourcesat-1 (launched in October 2003) and provides continuity for the mission. The objectives of the Resourcesat mission are to provide remote sensing data services to global users, focusing on data for integrated land and water resources management.
Resourcesat-2A is identical to Resourcesat-2 and was launched in 2016 on the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C36 launch vehicle for continuity of data and improved temporal resolution. The two satellites operating in tandem improved the revisit capability from 5 days to 2–3 days. The Resourcesat-2 platform is of Indian Remote Sensing Satellites-1C/1D–P3 heritage and was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation. Resourcesat-2 and Resourcesat-2A carry the AWiFS, Linear Imaging Self Scanning-3, and Linear Imaging Self Scanning-4 sensors for medium-resolution imaging. More information on Indian Space Research Organisation satellites and sensors is available in the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and from the manufacturer at https://www.isro.gov.in/.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that AWiFS has an interior geometric performance in the range of −16.080 (−0.268 pixel) to 35.520 meters (m; 0.592 pixel) in easting and −25.680 (−0.428 pixel) to 23.400 m (0.390 pixel) in northing in band-to-band registration, an exterior geometric error of −64.262 (−1.071 pixels) to −19.059 m (−0.318 pixel) in easting and −29.028 (−0.484 pixel) to 41.249 m (0.687 pixel) in northing offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, a radiometric performance in the range of 2.29–2.36 pixels for full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.030–0.035.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030G","usgsCitation":"Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Kim, M., Christopherson, J., Stensaas, G.L., and Anderson, C., 2021, System characterization report on Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor, chap. G of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors (ver. 1.2, August 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030G.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; Version History","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126658","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392291,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/g/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.8 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030G Version History"},{"id":391064,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/g/images"},{"id":391063,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/g/ofr20211030g.xml","text":"Report","size":"79.7 kB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030G xml"},{"id":433255,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/g/ofr20211030g.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","description":"OFR 2021–1030G"},{"id":391061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/g/coverthb3.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: September 28, 2021; Version 1.1: November 30, 2021; Version 1.2: August 29, 2024","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
A telemetry study was conducted during August–December 2020 to evaluate behavior and movement patterns of adult smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the forebay of Bonneville Dam, Washington. A total of 40 smallmouth bass were collected, tagged, and released during August–September in seven distinct areas of the dam forebay and monitored until mid-December. Movement data from 36 tagged smallmouth bass were used in behavior analyses with an average detection duration (elapsed time from release to last detection) of 53.3 days. Nine smallmouth bass eventually moved upstream out of the array and sixteen smallmouth bass moved downstream out of the array. Smallmouth bass showed high site fidelity, primarily remaining within their zone of release or moving into nearby adjacent zones. Tagged smallmouth bass spent the greatest percentage of time in their zone of release in all zones except the Boat Rock zone; the five smallmouth bass released in the Boat Rock zone moved to the Goose Island zone, where they stayed most of their time. Smallmouth bass movements to zones farthest away from their zone of release were not common and smallmouth bass residence time in those zones was short. A large percentage of tagged smallmouth bass moved among three zones located immediately upstream from the Bonneville Dam spillway, which was not operated during the study. Results from the study provided new insights into smallmouth bass behavior patterns during fall months in the forebay of Bonneville Dam.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Hansen, G.S., and Evans, S.D., 2021, Behavior and movement of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the forebay of Bonneville Dam, Columbia River, August–December 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1099, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211099.","productDescription":"vii, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-127395","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403444,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211099/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2021-1099"},{"id":391094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1099/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":391095,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1099/ofr20211099.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1099"},{"id":397378,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1099/images"},{"id":397379,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1099/ofr20211099.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.97381973266602,\n 45.624362920967556\n ],\n [\n -121.91717147827148,\n 45.624362920967556\n ],\n [\n -121.91717147827148,\n 45.65736777757339\n ],\n [\n -121.97381973266602,\n 45.65736777757339\n ],\n [\n -121.97381973266602,\n 45.624362920967556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Land-surface deformation (subsidence) caused by groundwater withdrawal is identified as an undesirable result in the Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency’s Basin Management Plan and California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. In Pajaro Valley, groundwater provides nearly 90 percent of the total water supply. To aid the development of sustainable groundwater management criteria, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency, performed an analysis of land-surface deformation (subsidence and uplift) in Pajaro Valley for 2015–18, using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and continuous Global Positioning System methods. Land-surface deformation results were then compared with subsurface geology and groundwater altitudes to better understand the hydromechanical response of the coastal aquifer system. The results indicate the land surface is generally stable with only small magnitudes (less than 1 inch) of seasonal land-surface deformation (subsidence in the summer and uplift in the winter) during 2015–18. During this time, the largest magnitude of land-surface deformation was less than 2 inches of subsidence and was localized in one area just north of the city limits of Watsonville, California. Groundwater altitudes during 2015–18 demonstrated seasonal variability and annual to multi-annual increases after reaching historical lows by the mid-1990s. The small magnitudes of land-surface deformation coupled with groundwater-altitude increases in most areas indicate that the subsidence likely is largely elastic and recoverable. The Corralitos-Pajaro Valley groundwater basin contains fine-grained (clay) sediments that have the potential for permanent aquifer-system compaction and resultant land subsidence. However, groundwater altitudes throughout the Pajaro Valley have increased above historical lows, and observed increases in groundwater altitudes coincided with changes in groundwater management activities. Observed relations between groundwater management activities and groundwater altitudes indicate that management of groundwater supplies could minimize the potential for permanent land-surface deformation in Pajaro Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Brandt, J.T., Earll, M.M., Sneed, M., and Henson, W., 2021, Detection and measurement of land-surface deformation, Pajaro Valley, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California, 2015–18: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1101, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211101.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118756","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390883,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FNARQO","linkHelpText":"Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Water Level Data, Pajaro Valley, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, California, 1970–2018"},{"id":390882,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1101/images"},{"id":390881,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1101/ofr20211101.xml"},{"id":390880,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1101/ofr20211101.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1101/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey County, Santa Cruz County","otherGeospatial":"Pajaro Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.89468383789061,\n 36.71356812817935\n ],\n [\n -121.57058715820312,\n 36.71356812817935\n ],\n [\n -121.57058715820312,\n 36.97074107796435\n ],\n [\n -121.89468383789061,\n 36.97074107796435\n ],\n [\n -121.89468383789061,\n 36.71356812817935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
This report addresses system characterization of the Indian Space Research Organisation Resourcesat-2 Linear Imaging Self Scanning-3 (LISS–3) sensor and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence in 2021. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
Resourcesat-2 is a medium-resolution satellite launched in 2011 on the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C16 launch vehicle. Resourcesat-2 carries the same sensing elements as Resourcesat-1 (launched in October 2003) and provides continuity for the mission. The objectives of the Resourcesat mission are to provide remote sensing data services to global users, focusing on data for integrated land and water resources management.
Resourcesat-2A is identical to Resourcesat-2 and was launched in 2016 on the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C36 launch vehicle for continuity of data and improved temporal resolution. The two satellites operating in tandem improved the revisit capability from 5 days to 2–3 days. The Resourcesat-2 platform is of Indian Remote Sensing Satellites-1C/1D–P3 heritage and was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation. Resourcesat-2 and Resourcesat-2A carry the Advanced Wide Field Sensor and LISS–3, as well as the Linear Imaging Self Scanning-4 for medium-resolution imaging. More information on Indian Space Research Organisation satellites and sensors is available in the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and from the manufacturer at https://www.isro.gov.in/.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that LISS–3 has an interior geometric performance in the range of −4.620 (−0.154 pixel) to 13.230 meters (m; 0.441 pixel) in easting and −12.360 (−0.412 pixel) to 1.500 m (0.050 pixel) in northing in band-to-band registration, an exterior geometric error of −27.805 (−0.927 pixel) to 26.578 m (0.886 pixel) in easting and −35.341 (−1.178 pixel) to −6.286 m (−0.210 pixel) in northing offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, a radiometric performance in the range of −0.096 to 0.036 in offset and 0.585–0.946 in slope, and a spatial performance in the range of 1.87–1.95 pixels for full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.045–0.070.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030H","usgsCitation":"Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Christopherson, J., Anderson, C., Stensaas, G.L., and Kim, M., 2021, System characterization report on Resourcesat-2 Linear Imaging Self Scanning-3 (LISS–3) sensor (ver. 1.2, December 2024), chap. H of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030H.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126659","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433262,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/h/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"2.07 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":390427,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/h/images"},{"id":390426,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/h/ofr20211030h.xml","size":"75.7 kB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":390425,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/h/ofr20211030h.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030–H"},{"id":390424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/h/coverthb4.jpg"},{"id":464526,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211030H/full"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: October 21, 2021; Version 1.1: August 29, 2024; Version 1.2: December 2, 2024","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The U.S. Geological Survey, at the request of the U.S. Agency for International Development, led a 5-year regional project to develop and apply methods for water availability and suitability mapping for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) in the Middle East and North Africa region. A regional model of surface runoff for the period from 1984 to 2015 was developed to characterize water availability using remote sensing data on climate, vegetation, and topography in Jordan, Lebanon, and surrounding areas. Surface runoff was accumulated to characterize potential streamflow available for MAR and these data were combined with land surface slope to prepare a regional screening map of MAR suitability, illustrating suitability mapping concepts and methods. The application of the methods is demonstrated by the evaluation of water availability and suitability for potential MAR in study areas in Jordan and Lebanon. Locations suitable for MAR are present in both Jordan and Lebanon, but limitations exist in both countries, related primarily to water availability in Jordan and land areas of suitable terrain in Lebanon. An additional feasibility study including field investigations would likely provide decision makers with essential information for further development of the use of MAR in Jordan, Lebanon, and the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Goode, D.J., ed., 2021, Managed aquifer recharge suitability—Regional screening and case studies in Jordan and Lebanon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1089, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211089.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 87 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-124064","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436143,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WDQ4VF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Regional screening for managed aquifer recharge suitability in Jordan, Lebanon, and surrounding areas"},{"id":390660,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WDQ4VF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"- Regional screening for managed aquifer recharge suitability in Jordan, Lebanon, and surrounding areas"},{"id":389216,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P971ZVHF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assembly of satellite-based rainfall datasets in situ data and rainfall climatology contours for the MENA region"},{"id":389217,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TXLT1X","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Modeling accumulated surface runoff and water availability for aquifer storage and recovery in the MENA region from 1984–2015"},{"id":389215,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1089/ofr20211089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1089"},{"id":389214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1089/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Jordan, Lebanon","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[35.54567,32.39399],[35.71992,32.70919],[36.83406,32.31294],[38.79234,33.37869],[39.19547,32.16101],[39.00489,32.01022],[37.00217,31.50841],[37.99885,30.5085],[37.66812,30.33867],[37.50358,30.00378],[36.74053,29.86528],[36.50121,29.50525],[36.06894,29.19749],[34.95604,29.35655],[34.9226,29.50133],[35.42092,31.10007],[35.39756,31.48909],[35.54525,31.7825],[35.54567,32.39399]]],[[[35.8211,33.27743],[35.5528,33.26427],[35.46071,33.08904],[35.12605,33.0909],[35.48221,33.90545],[35.97959,34.61006],[35.9984,34.64491],[36.44819,34.59394],[36.61175,34.20179],[36.06646,33.82491],[35.8211,33.27743]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Jordan\"}}]}","contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
Office of International Programs
917 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
directoroip@usgs.gov
Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Limecola petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica and M. petalum), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in south San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the period January 2019 to December 2019. These data append to long-term datasets extending back to 1974. A major focus of the report is an integrated description of the 2019 data within the context of the longer, multidecadal dataset. This dataset supports the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
Significant reductions in silver and copper contamination occurred at the site in the 1980s following the implementation by PARWQCP of advanced wastewater treatment and source control measures. Since the 1990s, concentrations of these elements in surface sediments have continued to decrease, although more slowly. Silver appears to have stabilized at concentrations about twice the regional background concentration. Presently, sediment copper concentrations appear to be near the regional background level. Over the same period (1994–2019), sedimentary iron and zinc also exhibited modest declines. Sedimentary aluminum, chromium, mercury, nickel, and selenium have not exhibited any trend. Since 1994, concentrations of silver and copper in L. petalum have varied seasonally, apparently in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and cyclic growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc, were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for silver and copper. The annual growth and reproductive cycle explained a small amount of the variance in annual silver and zinc tissue metal concentrations. However, interannual trends are not apparent for any element.
Biological effects of elevated silver and copper contamination at the Palo Alto site have been interpreted from data collected during and after the recession of these contaminants. Concentrations of both elements in the soft tissues of L. petalum declined with sedimentary copper and silver. This pattern was associated with changes in the reproductive activity of L. petalum, as well as the structure of the benthic invertebrate community. Reproductive activity of L. petalum increased as metal concentrations in L. petalum declined and presently is stable with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. Analyses of the benthic community structure indicate that the infaunal invertebrate community has shifted from one dominated by several opportunistic species when silver and copper exposures were highest to one in which the species abundance is more evenly distributed, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. Importantly, this long-term change is unrelated to other metals and other measured environmental factors, including salinity and sediment composition. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals. Both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and showed signs of increasing abundance in 2019. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2019.
An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for deep-dwelling animals like L. petalum. However, within two months of this event, animals returned to the mudflat. The resilience of the community suggested that the disturbance was not caused by a persistent toxin or anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species that were present in 2019 was indicative of species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2019 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, those that have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. USGS scientists view the 2008 disturbance event as a response by the infaunal community to an episodic natural stressor (possibly sediment accretion or a pulse of freshwater), in contrast to the long-term recovery from metal contamination. We will compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed after the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M.-N., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Shrader, K.H., Zierdt Smith, E.L., and Luoma, S.N., 2021, Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1079, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211079.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 59 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119549","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416178,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1017","description":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M.-N., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Kieu, L.H., and Luoma, S.N., 2023, Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1017, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017.","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2020"},{"id":390272,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171135","text":"Open-File Report 2017-1135","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California; 2016"},{"id":390273,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161118","text":"Open-File Report 2016-1118","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California; 2015"},{"id":390267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBQ23S","linkHelpText":"Data for monitoring trace metal and benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California"},{"id":390268,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1079/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":390269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1079/ofr20211079.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390270,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191084","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1084","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2018"},{"id":390271,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181107","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1107","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2017"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.16728210449219,\n 37.385980767871416\n ],\n [\n -121.90361022949219,\n 37.385980767871416\n ],\n [\n -121.90361022949219,\n 37.496107562317064\n ],\n [\n -122.16728210449219,\n 37.496107562317064\n ],\n [\n -122.16728210449219,\n 37.385980767871416\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Water Resources, Earth System Processes Division
U.S. Geological Survey
411 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Autonomous underwater vehicles are uniquely designed to provide spatially dense water-quality data along with bathymetry and velocimetry. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 5 requested technical assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey in support of ongoing investigations at the Chemical Recovery Systems site to collect spatially dense water-quality and bathymetry data in the East Branch Black River in Elyria, Ohio. This report was prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to present the results of the autonomous underwater vehicle survey near the Chemical Recovery Systems site on March 22, 2021. Plots of distributions of water temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen are presented that may help guide and focus future U.S. Environmental Protection Agency efforts at the site to determine the degree of groundwater/surface-water interaction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.L., and Dobrowolski, E.G., 2021, Water-quality distributions in the East Branch Black River near the Chemical Recovery Systems site in Elyria, Ohio, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1086, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211086.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 10 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-128518","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390284,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/oh/nwis/uv?site_no=04200500","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS 04200500 Black River at Elyria OH, in USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":390281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1086/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390282,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1086/ofr20211086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021"},{"id":390283,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FEBCBY","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Autonomous underwater vehicle water-quality and sonar measurements in the East Branch Black River near Elyria, Ohio, 2021"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Elyria","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.23541259765625,\n 41.2509675141624\n ],\n [\n -81.9635009765625,\n 41.2509675141624\n ],\n [\n -81.9635009765625,\n 41.49623534616764\n ],\n [\n -82.23541259765625,\n 41.49623534616764\n ],\n [\n -82.23541259765625,\n 41.2509675141624\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
On March 12, 2019, Congress passed the John D. Dingell, Jr., Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act (Public Law 116–9; 133 Stat. 580), in which Title V, §5001 (43 U.S.C. 31k) authorized the establishment of the National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System (NVEWS) within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Conceived by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program in 2005, NVEWS is designed to be a proactive, fully integrated national-scale volcano monitoring system to ensure that the 161 potentially active volcanoes in the United States and its territories are monitored at levels commensurate with the threat they pose. The core of this report is the first USGS NVEWS five-year management plan, which was presented to Congress on March 12, 2020, and which details the principal elements of NVEWS that will be developed over the next five years, pending sufficient funding. These elements are improvements and enhancements to the monitoring network, a National Volcano Data Center, an external grants activity, an Advisory Committee, an Implementation Committee, and partnerships, with estimated cost projections and annual milestones.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211092","usgsCitation":"Cervelli, P.F., Mandeville, C.W., Avery, V.F., and Wilkins, A.M., 2021, Five-year management plan for establishing and operating NVEWS—The National Volcano Early Warning System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1092, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211092.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-117913","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390179,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1092/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390180,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1092/ofr20211092.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1092"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Mariana Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 143.08593749999997,\n 13.410994034321702\n ],\n [\n 146.513671875,\n 13.410994034321702\n ],\n [\n 146.513671875,\n 16.720385051694\n ],\n [\n 143.08593749999997,\n 16.720385051694\n ],\n [\n 143.08593749999997,\n 13.410994034321702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.55468749999997,\n 17.476432197195518\n ],\n [\n -153.28125,\n 17.476432197195518\n ],\n [\n -153.28125,\n 22.755920681486405\n ],\n [\n -158.55468749999997,\n 22.755920681486405\n ],\n [\n -158.55468749999997,\n 17.476432197195518\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 31.20340495091737\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 31.20340495091737\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 31.20340495091737\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.328125,\n 69.83962194067463\n ],\n [\n -149.765625,\n 70.95969716686398\n ],\n [\n -155.91796874999997,\n 71.30079291637452\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 70.4367988185464\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 68.52823492039876\n ],\n [\n -167.34375,\n 65.6582745198266\n ],\n [\n -165.41015625,\n 62.186013857194226\n ],\n [\n -165.41015625,\n 60.23981116999893\n ],\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 58.53959476664049\n ],\n [\n -164.53125,\n 56.07203547180089\n ],\n [\n -164.35546875,\n 53.85252660044951\n ],\n [\n -152.75390624999997,\n 56.84897198026975\n ],\n [\n -149.4140625,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -143.96484375,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -137.4609375,\n 57.42129439209407\n ],\n [\n -131.66015625,\n 52.3755991766591\n ],\n [\n -130.60546875,\n 53.4357192066942\n ],\n [\n -131.66015625,\n 57.326521225217064\n ],\n [\n -136.58203125,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -140.625,\n 60.50052541051131\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 69.83962194067463\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Hazards Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Contact Volcano Hazards Program
","tableOfContents":"The challenges associated with field measurements of turbidity are well known and result primarily from differences in reported values that depend on instrument design and the resulting need for reporting units that are specific to those designs. A critical challenge for making comparable turbidity measurements is the selection and use of appropriate turbidity standards for sensor calibration. The accepted primary standards for turbidity measurements use formazin made from scratch; all others should relate back to readings obtained using standard formazin. However, because turbidity is a qualitative property of water, comparing standards is not as simple as it is for many chemical measurements. The U.S. Geological Survey “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” currently allows for the use of two standards, formazin and polymer beads, for the calibration of field turbidimeters. Another challenge for making comparable turbidity measurements is selection of turbidity sensors. A turbidity sensor commonly used in the U.S. Geological Survey, the Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) 6136, has been replaced by the manufacturer with the YSI EXO turbidity sensor. Both sensors operate on the same principles but have slight design differences that result in readings that are not directly comparable on a 1:1 basis.
Differences in calibration standards and sensors are a cause of concern in ongoing studies that require switching calibration standards or sensor types, and for comparisons of data collected with sensors calibrated by using different calibration standards, different sensor types, or both. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of two YSI turbidity sensors in both formazin-based standards (StablCal) and polymer turbidity standards (in this case YSI brand; however, other brands are available) and to compare the performance of the YSI EXO and YSI 6136 turbidity sensors under similar laboratory and environmental (field) conditions. To quantify these differences, a series of laboratory and field side-by-side comparisons were conducted. Nine field comparisons of YSI EXO and YSI 6136 sensors were performed at site locations in Kansas and Virginia. Two field comparisons of StablCal and polymer calibration standards were performed in Kansas, both using YSI EXO turbidity sensors. Five laboratory comparisons between the YSI EXO and YSI 6136 turbidity sensors were performed, and seven laboratory comparisons between StablCal and polymer turbidity standards were performed using YSI EXO turbidity sensors. The results can help the USGS and others better understand how turbidity data can differ depending on the sensors and calibration standards used.
Key findings and conclusions include the following—
Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
A U.S. Geological Survey-led assessment of data gaps and science needs across the Great Lakes ecosystem indicated the following:
• Expanded data collection or monitoring would provide basic ecosystem, social, and public health data to manage the Great Lakes system and to develop and test models and decision support tools.
• New science and advanced technologies (for example, sensors and high-performance computing capability) would improve the understanding of critical threats, such as harmful algae blooms and high-water levels.
Although there is significant scientific knowledge in specific areas or for specific topics, managers could use improved models and decision support tools, strengthened by extensive data collection and developed at multiple scales, to better inform decision making in the future. Enhanced coordination of agency efforts and associated data collection across data types (for example, prey fish populations and water levels) is needed to effectively manage the Great Lakes.
This report highlights the data gaps; benefits of better, more structured coordination; and areas of concern specifically related to data collection/measurement and science efforts. It summarizes and analyzes stakeholder feedback and information from review of scientific literature. Finally, the report outlines steps necessary to create an integrated Great Lakes science plan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211096","usgsCitation":"Carl, L.M., Hortness, J.E., and Strach, R.M., 2021, U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Forum—Summary of remaining data and science needs and next steps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1096, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211096.","productDescription":"iii, 4 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-133589","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390007,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1096/ofr20211096.xml","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2021–1096 xml"},{"id":390006,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1096/ofr20211096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"655 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1096"},{"id":390005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1096/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Midwest Regional Director’s Office
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46278
Structured decision making is a systematic, transparent process for improving the quality of complex decisions by identifying measurable management objectives and feasible management actions; predicting the potential consequences of management actions relative to the stated objectives; and selecting a course of action that maximizes the total benefit achieved and balances tradeoffs among objectives. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, applied an existing, regional framework for structured decision making to develop an example of a prototype tool for optimizing tidal marsh management decisions for selected marsh management units at the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge in Maine. The goal was to create a prototype that could be available for future implementation. Refuge biologists, refuge managers, and research scientists identified multiple potential management actions to improve the ecological integrity of seven marsh management units within the refuge and estimated the outcomes of each action in terms of regional performance metrics associated with each management objective. Value functions previously developed at the regional level were used to transform metric scores to a common utility scale, and utilities were summed to produce a single score representing the total management benefit that could be accrued from each potential management action. Constrained optimization was used to identify the set of management actions, one per marsh management unit, that could maximize total management benefits at different cost constraints at the refuge scale.
Management costs were estimated using limited available information, and estimated costs of individual management actions reflected relative differences among actions rather than actual expected expenditures. Results from this prototype showed how, for the objectives, actions, and estimated outcomes used for this example, total management benefits may increase consistently up to a certain estimated cost, and may continue to increase, at a lower rate, with further expenditures. Potential management actions in optimal portfolios at moderate total estimated costs included breaching or removing dikes, roads, or embankments; planting Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass); and digging runnels, or shallow creeks, on the marsh platform to improve surface-water drainage. Potential management actions in optimal portfolios at high estimated costs (for example, up to $550,000) included breaching embankments to restore tidal exchange followed by planting salt marsh vegetation. The potential management benefits were derived from predicted increases in the numbers of tidal marsh obligate birds and spiders (as an indicator of trophic health), and expected improvement in the capacity of marsh elevation to keep pace with sea-level rise and reduced duration of marsh-surface inundation. The prototype presented here does not resolve current management decisions; rather, it provides a framework for decision making at the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge that can be updated for implementation as new data and information become available. Insights from this process may also be useful to inform future habitat management planning at the refuges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211080","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Lyons, J.E., Nagel, J.L., Adamowicz, S.C., Mikula, T., O’Brien, K.M., Benvenuti, B., and Kleinert, R., 2021, Optimization of salt marsh management at the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, Maine, through use of structured decision making: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1080, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211080.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-126540","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1080/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":389744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1080/ofr20211080.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1080"},{"id":389737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://ecos.fws.gov/ServCat/Reference/Profile/121918","text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service database","linkHelpText":"- Salt marsh integrity and Hurricane Sandy vegetation, bird and nekton data"},{"id":389746,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1080/images/"},{"id":389747,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1080/ofr20211080.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.63796997070312,\n 43.20417480788432\n ],\n [\n -70.61325073242188,\n 43.153101551466385\n ],\n [\n -70.477294921875,\n 43.257205668363206\n ],\n [\n -70.43472290039062,\n 43.38508989465156\n ],\n [\n -70.53634643554688,\n 43.393073720674415\n ],\n [\n -70.63796997070312,\n 43.31418735795809\n ],\n [\n -70.63796997070312,\n 43.20417480788432\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
The U.S. Geological Survey mined data from a variety of national and state agencies including USGS, Oregon Water Resources Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington Department of Ecology, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Portland State University, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A comprehensive dataset of streamflow, stage, and tidal elevations for the Lower Columbia River basin was compiled. Data were compiled from gaging stations in Oregon and Washington along the Columbia River from Astoria to The Dalles and along the Willamette River from Salem to Portland. Tidal gages along the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts were also compiled. Seasonal maximum values were calculated for both streamflow and stage for the winter (November–March) and spring (April–July) flow seasons, as well as for the full water year when underlying data were available. The aggregated datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R6RT0Z.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Boudreau, C.L., Stewart, M.A., and Stonewall, A.J., 2021, Historical streamflow and stage data compilation for the Lower Columbia River, Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1138, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201138.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 50 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101122","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1138/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":389697,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1138/ofr20201138.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1138"},{"id":389698,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R6RT0Z","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data release","linkHelpText":"Historical streamflow and stage data for the lower Columbia River basin and the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and northern California"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.63964843750001,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -125.63964843750001,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -125.63964843750001,\n 41.672911819602085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
The Harney Basin is a closed river basin in southeastern Oregon. Surface water in the basin is used for a variety of social, economic, and ecological benefits. While some surface water uses compete with one another, others are complementary or jointly produce multiple beneficial outcomes. The objective of this study is to conduct an economic assessment of surface water in the basin as it relates to wet meadow pasture production and outdoor recreation. Given the complex interactions between surface water management on public and private land and the various goods and services that are derived from adequate water resources, an economic assessment of surface water management can be used to assist future decision making in the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211087","usgsCitation":"Bair, L.S., Flyr, M., and Huber, C., 2021, Economic assessment of surface water in the Harney Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021-1087, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211087.","productDescription":"vii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122032","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1087/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":389612,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1087/ofr20211087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Harney Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -117.454833984375,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -117.454833984375,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 42.24478535602799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducts ecological monitoring of rocky subtidal communities at four permanent sites around San Nicolas Island. The sites—Nav Fac 100, West End, Dutch Harbor, and Daytona 100—were based on ones that had been monitored since 1980 by the U.S. Geological Survey and, in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, were combined or expanded in 2014 for better comparability with monitoring programs conducted at the other California Channel Islands. At the sites, we counted a suite of kelps and invertebrates on benthic band transects, measured bottom cover of algae and sessile invertebrate species in quadrats, and counted and sized fish on swimming transects. Holdfast diameter and number of stipes of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) were recorded on these transects and size data were collected for urchins, sea stars, and shelled mollusks. Bottom temperatures were recorded at hourly intervals by archival data loggers that were deployed at the sites. Typically, this monitoring work is conducted semi-annually, in fall and spring. Because the spring 2020 trip was cancelled due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, this report focuses primarily on data collected in fall 2019 and makes comparisons with data collected in previous years, beginning in fall 2014.
The sites are distributed around the island and differ in their physical and ecological characteristics. Nav Fac 100, situated on the north side of San Nicolas Island, has a relatively low benthic profile. The invasive brown alga Sargassum horneri was first observed at this site in 2015. West End, to the southwest of the island, also lacks much bottom relief but has more crevice habitat associated with boulders. For almost three decades, West End has been a focal point for the small, but growing, population of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) at the island. Dutch Harbor, on the south side, has many high relief rocky reefs and had the greatest fish and non-motile invertebrate densities. Daytona 100, on the southeast side, has moderate relief and has remained a patchwork of kelp and sea urchin dominated areas.
There were no major changes at the sites since spring 2019, but some trends observed during the last few years continued whereas others changed. Red urchins continued a declining trend (observed during the last 4 years) at Daytona 100. The wavy turban snail (Megastraea undosa) began to increase rapidly at Nav Fav 100 in 2015 and has subsequently been increasing at the other sites as well, after more than a decade of very low numbers at all sites. Sea star wasting syndrome, which has devastated multiple species of sea stars along the Pacific coast of North America, affected most species at San Nicolas Island in the year prior to the fall 2014 sampling. Since then, there has been a reduction in the number of bat stars (Patiria miniata), and very few sea stars of other species have been observed. There has been a slight recovery of P. miniata since 2016 but little sign of change in other species. All the sites had a slight decline in the densities of purple urchins following an increase during the previous 2 years. Long-term data are presented to illustrate trends and changes during almost four decades of monitoring this dynamic system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","programNote":"Wildlife Program","usgsCitation":"Kenner, M.C., and Tomoleoni, J., 2021, Kelp forest monitoring at Naval Base Ventura County, San Nicolas Island, California—Fall 2019, sixth annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1081, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211081.","productDescription":"ix, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"97","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-128532","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389297,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1081/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":389298,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1081/ofr20211081.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389299,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1081/ofr20211081.xml"},{"id":389300,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1081/images"}],"country":"California","otherGeospatial":"Naval Base Ventura County, San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.59304809570312,\n 33.20824398778792\n ],\n [\n -119.42138671875,\n 33.20824398778792\n ],\n [\n -119.42138671875,\n 33.29724715520414\n ],\n [\n -119.59304809570312,\n 33.29724715520414\n ],\n [\n -119.59304809570312,\n 33.20824398778792\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Benthic samples were collected from the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta of northern California to examine the effect of the changing hydrologic flow on the bivalves Potamocorbula and Corbicula before, during, and after the False River Barrier (hereafter, barrier) was in operation (May–November 2015). Potamocorbula moved upstream in the Sacramento River as the salinity intruded. Given the lower electrical conductivity of the San Joaquin River, Potamocorbula did not move as far upriver as it did in the Sacramento River. Potamocorbula recruits settled in the Sacramento and False Rivers, whereas Corbicula recruits were mostly found in the San Joaquin River. When the grazing rates for the two bivalves were combined, new populations of Potamocorbula plus existing Corbicula likely reduced the net growth rate of the phytoplankton in and just upstream from the Sacramento and San Joaquin River confluence region when the barrier was in place. Prior to the barrier installation, a very dry period assumably aided the success of Potamocorbula in the confluence region; nonetheless, they also responded to the increasing salinity in the Sacramento River and their population spatially expanded. Potamocorbula’s upriver incursion was stopped owing to the return of freshwater flow due to the removal of the barrier, but the adults of the species were still present at the upstream end of Decker Island in January 2016. Corbicula adults did not seem to respond to the increased salinity caused by the barrier and maintained their biomass at all locations compared to what was recorded before the barrier.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Parchaso, F., Zierdt Smith, E.L., and Thompson, J.K., 2021, Effect of the emergency drought barrier on the distribution, biomass, and grazing rate of the bivalves Corbicula fluminea and Potamocorbula amurensis, False River, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1088, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211088.","productDescription":"vii, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120260","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1088/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":389247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1088/ofr20211088.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1088"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"False River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.87957763671874,\n 38.005902055387075\n ],\n [\n -121.44561767578124,\n 38.005902055387075\n ],\n [\n -121.44561767578124,\n 38.232786699509965\n ],\n [\n -121.87957763671874,\n 38.232786699509965\n ],\n [\n -121.87957763671874,\n 38.005902055387075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Water Resources, Earth System Processes Division
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, California, 94025
The restoration of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, can reduce risks by decreasing the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. In the United States, the protective services provided by coral reefs were recently assessed in social and economic terms, with the annual protection provided by U.S. coral reefs off the coasts of the State of Florida and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico estimated to be more than 9,800 people and $859 million (2010 U.S. dollars). Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 caused widespread damage to coral reefs in the State of Florida and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Here we combine engineering, ecologic, geospatial, social, and economic data and tools to provide a rigorous valuation of where potential coral reef restoration could decrease the hazard faced by Florida and Puerto Rico’s reef-fronted coastal communities. The three restoration scenarios considered: (1) Ecological restoration, ‘E25’, which assumes planting 0.25-meter (m)-high corals on a (cross-shore) 25-m-wide reef; (2) Structural plus ecological, ‘S25’, which assumes emplacing a 1.00-m high structure with 0.25-m high corals on top on a 25 m wide reef; and (3) structural plus ecological, ‘S05’, which assumes emplacing a 1.00-m high structure with 0.25-m high corals on top on a 5 m wide reef. Planted corals are assumed to increase hydrodynamic roughness, thereby dissipating incident wave energy and decreasing flooding potential. We used a standardized approach to ‘place’ potential restoration projects throughout the whole (linear) extent of reefs bordering Florida and Puerto Rico to identify where coral reef restoration could be useful for meeting flood reduction benefits. We always sited potential restoration projects within the existing distribution of reefs even though many sites were far (kilometers [km]) offshore and some sites were relatively deep (up to 7 m depth). We followed risk-based valuation approaches to map flood zones at 10-square-meter resolution along all 980 km of Florida and Puerto’s Rico reef-lined shorelines for the three potential coral reef restoration scenarios and compare them to the flood zones without coral reef restoration. We quantified the potential coastal flood risk reduction provided by coral reef restoration using the latest information from the U.S. Census Bureau, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and Bureau of Economic Analysis for return-interval storm events. Using the damages associated with each storm probability, we also calculate the change in annual expected damages, a measure of the annual protection gained because of coral reef restoration. We found that the benefits of reef restoration off Florida and Puerto Rico are spatially highly variable. In most areas, we found little or no benefit from reef restoration (for example, restoration sites were far offshore or deep). However, there were a number of key areas where reef restoration could have substantial benefits for flood risk reduction. In particular, we estimated the protection gained by Florida and Puerto Rico’s coral reefs from coral reef restoration to result in:
Thus, the annual value of flood risk reduction provided by potential coral reef restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico is more than 3,100 people and $272.9 million (2010 U.S. dollars) in economic activity. These data provide stakeholders and decision makers with a spatially explicit, rigorous valuation of how, where, and when potential coral reef restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico can increase critical coastal storm flood reduction benefits. These results help identify areas where reef management, recovery, and restoration could potentially help reduce the risk to, and increase the resiliency of, Florida and Puerto Rico’s coastal communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California, Santa Cruz","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Cumming, K.A., Cole, A.D., Shope, J.B., Gaido L., C., Viehman, T.S., Nickel, B.A., and Beck, M.W., 2021, Rigorously valuing the coastal hazard risks reduction provided by potential coral reef restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1054, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211054.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 35 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125062","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1054/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":386212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1054/ofr20211054.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":386214,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZQKZR9","linkHelpText":"Projected flooding extents and depths based on 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year wave-energy return periods for the State of Florida, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Territory of the U.S. Virgin Islands for current and potentially restored coral reefs"},{"id":386215,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211055","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1055","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Impact of Projected Coral Reef Degradation on Coastal Hazard Risk in Florida"},{"id":386216,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211056","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1056","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on Coastal Hazard Risk in Florida and Puerto Rico"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ],\n [\n -80.716552734375,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 26.352497858154024\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -80.650634765625,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 24.886436490787712\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 24.73685348477069\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 24.726874870506972\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -80.101318359375,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -79.94750976562499,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -80.277099609375,\n 27.44004046509707\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.390380859375,\n 18.594188856740413\n ],\n [\n -66.7529296875,\n 18.70869162255995\n ],\n [\n -67.08251953125,\n 18.729501999072138\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 18.510865709091377\n ],\n [\n -67.401123046875,\n 18.25021997706561\n ],\n [\n -67.30224609375,\n 17.916022703877665\n ],\n [\n -66.895751953125,\n 17.853290114098012\n ],\n [\n -66.42333984375,\n 17.8742034396575\n ],\n [\n -65.885009765625,\n 17.821915515968854\n ],\n [\n -65.467529296875,\n 17.926475979176438\n ],\n [\n -65.32470703125,\n 18.218916080017465\n ],\n [\n -65.511474609375,\n 18.46918890441719\n ],\n [\n -66.390380859375,\n 18.594188856740413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
The degradation of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, raises risks by increasing the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. In the United States, the physical protective services provided by coral reefs were recently assessed, in social and economic terms, with the annual protection provided by U.S. coral reefs off the coast of the State of Florida estimated to be more than 5,600 people and $675 million (2010 U.S. dollars). Degradation of coral reef ecosystems over the past several decades and during tropical storm events has caused regional-scale erosion of the shallow seafloor that serves as a protective barrier against coastal hazards along Southeast Florida, increasing risks to coastal populations. Here we combine engineering, ecologic, geospatial, social, and economic data and tools to provide a rigorous valuation of the increased hazard faced by Florida’s reef-fronted coastal communities because of the projected degradation of its adjacent coral reefs. We followed risk-based valuation approaches to map flood zones at 10-square-meter resolution along all 430 kilometers of Florida’s reef-lined shorelines for both the current and projected future coral reef conditions. We quantified the coastal flood risk increase caused by coral reef degradation using the latest information from the U.S. Census Bureau, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and Bureau of Economic Analysis for return-interval storm events. Using the damages associated with each storm probability, we also calculated the change in annual expected damages, a measure of the annual protection lost because of projected coral reef degradation. We found that degradation of the coral reefs off Florida increases future risks significantly. In particular, we estimated the protection lost by Florida’s coral reefs from projected coral reef degradation will result in:
Thus, the annual value of increased flood risk caused by the projected degradation of Florida’s coral reefs is more than 7,300 people and $823.6 million (2010 U.S. dollars). These data provide stakeholders and decision makers with a spatially explicit, rigorous valuation of how, where, and when degradation of Florida’s coral reefs will decrease critical coastal storm flood reduction benefits. These results help identify areas where reef management, recovery, and restoration could potentially help reduce the risk to, and increase the resiliency of, Florida’s coastal communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California, Santa Cruz","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Yates, K.K., Cumming, K.A., Cole, A.D., Shope, J.B., Gaido L., C., Zawada, D.G., Arsenault, S.R., Fehr, Z.W., Nickel, B.A., and Beck, M.W., 2021, Rigorously valuing the impact of projected coral reef degradation on coastal hazard risk in Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1055, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211055.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125063","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386221,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211054","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1054","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Potential Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction Provided by Coral Reef Restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico"},{"id":386222,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211056","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1056","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on Coastal Hazard Risk in Florida and Puerto Rico"},{"id":386220,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D9LDEP","linkHelpText":"Projected flooding extents and depths based on 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year wave-energy return periods for the State of Florida with and without projected coral reef degradation"},{"id":386218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1055/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":386219,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1055/ofr20211055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ],\n [\n -80.716552734375,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 26.352497858154024\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -80.650634765625,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 24.886436490787712\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 24.73685348477069\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 24.726874870506972\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -80.101318359375,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -79.94750976562499,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -80.277099609375,\n 27.44004046509707\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
The degradation of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, raises risks by increasing the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. In the United States, the physical protective services provided by coral reefs were recently assessed in social and economic terms, with the annual protection provided by U.S. coral reefs off the coasts of the State of Florida and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico estimated to be more than 9,800 people and $859 million (2010 U.S. dollars). Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 caused widespread damage to coral reefs in the State of Florida and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. These damages were measured in post-storm surveys of reefs and assessed in terms of their impact on reef condition and height, which are critical parameters for evaluating the coastal defense benefits of reefs. We combined engineering, ecologic, geospatial, social, and economic data and tools to value the increased risks in Florida and Puerto Rico from hurricane-induced damages to their adjacent coral reefs. We followed risk-based valuation approaches to map flooding at 10-square-meter resolution along all 980 kilometers of Florida and Puerto Rico’s reef-lined shorelines considering reef condition before (undamaged) and after (damaged) the 2017 hurricanes. We quantified the coastal flood risk increase caused by the hurricane-induced damage to the coral reefs using the latest information from the U.S. Census Bureau, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and Bureau of Economic Analysis for return-interval storm events. Using the damages associated with each storm probability, we also calculated the change in annual expected damages, a measure of the annual protection lost because of the reef damage caused by the 2017 hurricanes. We found that the damages to the coral reefs off Florida and Puerto Rico from Hurricanes Irma and Maria increased future risks significantly. In particular, we estimated the protection lost by Florida and Puerto Rico’s coral reefs from the 2017 hurricanes to result in:
Thus, the annual value of increased flood risk caused by the damage to Florida and Puerto Rico’s coral reefs from hurricanes in 2017 is more than 4,300 people and $181.5 mil-lion (2010 U.S. dollars) in economic impacts. These data provide stakeholders and decision makers with a spatially explicit, rigorous valuation of how, where, and when the damage from the 2017 hurricanes decreased critical coastal storm flood reduction benefits to Florida and Puerto Rico’s coral reefs. These results help identify areas where reef management, recovery, and restoration could potentially help reduce the risk to, and increase the resiliency of, Florida and Puerto Rico’s coastal communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California, Santa Cruz and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Viehman, T.S., Cumming, K.A., Cole, A.D., Shope, J.B., Groves, S.H., Gaido L., C., Nickel, B.A., and Beck, M.W., 2021, Rigorously valuing the impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on coastal hazard risks in Florida and Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1056, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211056.","productDescription":"Report: v, 29 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125064","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386227,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EHOBKO","linkHelpText":"Projected flooding extents and depths based on 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year wave-energy return periods for the State of Florida and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico before and after Hurricanes Irma and Maria due to the storms' damage to the coral reefs"},{"id":386229,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211055","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1055","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Impact of Projected Coral Reef Degradation on Coastal Hazard Risk in Florida"},{"id":386225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1056/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":386226,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1056/ofr20211056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":386228,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211054","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1054","linkHelpText":"- Rigorously Valuing the Potential Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction Provided by Coral Reef Restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ],\n [\n -80.716552734375,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 26.352497858154024\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -80.650634765625,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 24.886436490787712\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 24.73685348477069\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 24.726874870506972\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -80.101318359375,\n 25.671235828577043\n ],\n [\n -79.94750976562499,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -80.277099609375,\n 27.44004046509707\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 27.401032392938866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.368408203125,\n 18.542116654448996\n ],\n [\n -66.961669921875,\n 18.646245142670608\n ],\n [\n -67.269287109375,\n 18.552532366385577\n ],\n [\n -67.357177734375,\n 18.198043686762652\n ],\n [\n -67.236328125,\n 17.916022703877665\n ],\n [\n -66.59912109375,\n 17.832374329567518\n ],\n [\n -65.643310546875,\n 17.95783210227242\n ],\n [\n -65.291748046875,\n 18.22935133838668\n ],\n [\n -65.54443359375,\n 18.500447458475094\n ],\n [\n -66.368408203125,\n 18.542116654448996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
This study was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey to assess the detectability of landslides in the densely forested and mountainous island of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia. The study used existing field-observed land-cover changes and landslides visible on Google Earth (GE) images. A limited number of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images were collected on two adjacent orbit paths before and after an intense rainfall event that affected Pohnpei in mid-March 2018. Similar sets of images were collected in 2019 and 2020. Low coherence throughout the island interior eliminated use of phase-change products, and change analysis identified no landslide features as having formed in 2019 or 2020. The assessment of red-green-blue image composites and application of the log-ratio method to the 2018 ground-range SAR images identified 5 of the 11 landslides observed on the GE images. Visual comparisons of the co-event and post-event coherence image products detected 9 of the 11 landslides observed on the GE images. Combined, the ground-based SAR and interferometric SAR coherence change detections overcame high temporal and spatial decorrelations, identified all but one landslide visible in the GE comparison, and included substantial redundancy. The robustness of the landslide detection indicates that an increased collection frequency of L-band images could support systematic monitoring of land-cover change on Pohnpei at the scale reported in this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211084","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E.W., III, and Rangoonwala, A., 2021, Using ALOS-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR to detect landslides on the mountainous island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1084, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211084.","productDescription":"vii, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-131020","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388659,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1084/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":388660,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1084/ofr20211084.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1084"},{"id":388661,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1084/images"}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","otherGeospatial":"Island of Pohnpei","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 158.06442260742188,\n 6.770988820924266\n ],\n [\n 158.38577270507812,\n 6.770988820924266\n ],\n [\n 158.38577270507812,\n 7.027297875479451\n ],\n [\n 158.06442260742188,\n 7.027297875479451\n ],\n [\n 158.06442260742188,\n 6.770988820924266\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506–3152
A two-year study (2013 and 2017) was conducted to determine if annual releases of hatchery rainbow trout (resident Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the upper Cowlitz River Basin, Washington adversely affected anadromous fish in the basin. Rainbow trout tagged with radio transmitters were monitored after release to describe movement patterns, entrainment rates at Cowlitz Falls Dam, and survival. Additionally, trout that were radio-tagged in 2017 were monitored during spring 2018 to determine if any moved upstream and entered tributaries where winter steelhead (anadromous Oncorhynchus mykiss) spawning occurs. A total of 580 hatchery rainbow trout (122 in 2013 and 458 in 2017) were radio-tagged and released at three release sites: (1) Cowlitz Falls Campground on Cowlitz River Arm of Lake Scanewa river kilometer (rkm) 155, (2) Cispus River Arm of Lake Scanewa rkm 1, and (3) Day Use Park on Cowlitz River Arm of Lake Scanewa rkm 146. Most radio-tagged trout (70 percent) remained within 6.4 rkm of the release site but some fish moved at least 25.7 rkm from the release site. The predominant movement direction was downstream. More than twice as many fish released at Cowlitz Falls Campground in 2017 (compared to the other two release sites) remained in the Cowlitz River, where potential overlap with steelhead occurs. A total of 28.3 percent of the study fish were entrained at Cowlitz Falls Dam. Apparent survival (time until movement ceased) for most tagged trout was fewer than 100 days from release in both years and no fish were detected moving during the spring following their release. In summary, hatchery rainbow trout released upstream from Cowlitz Falls Dam seem to remain primarily in Lake Scanewa or entrained at Cowlitz Falls Dam with few fish surviving to winter months. We found no evidence of hatchery trout interacting with steelhead in spawning tributaries during spring months. These results suggest that trout stocking in the upper Cowlitz River Basin poses minimal threat to anadromous fish in the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bonneville Power Administration and Public Utility District Number 1 of Lewis County, Washington","usgsCitation":"Hansen, A.C., Kock, T.J., Ekstrom, B.K., and Liedtke, T.L., 2021, Behavior and survival of hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the upper Cowlitz River Basin, Washington, 2013 and 2017 (ver. 1.1, September 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1085, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211085.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-127058","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397377,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1085/ofr20211085.XML"},{"id":397376,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1085/images"},{"id":388965,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1085/versionhist.txt"},{"id":403443,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211085/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2021-1085"},{"id":388676,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1085/ofr20211085.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1085"},{"id":388675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1085/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Upper Cowlitz River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.13476562499997,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765624999,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765624999,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -123.13476562499997,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -123.13476562499997,\n 46.057985244793024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Endangered Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) suckers primarily use lotic habitats during the spring spawning season in the Upper Klamath Lake watershed. However, summer-time surveys of the upper Lost River watershed in 1972, 1975 and 1989–90 indicated that adults of both endangered species use tributaries of Clear Lake Reservoir (hereafter: Clear Lake) year-round. Adult shortnose suckers have also been documented to use tributaries of Gerber Reservoir year-round. We surveyed the tributaries of Clear Lake and Gerber Reservoir to provide up-to-date information on the timing, distribution, and habitat use within the upper Lost River drainage by these two endangered sucker species.
Contrary to previous studies, this study did not capture any Lost River suckers in the Clear Lake tributaries. Genetics samples from suckers collected during this study were used to verify that no Lost River suckers were captured. At the time of this study, genetics could not identify the differences between shortnose and the non-endangered Klamath largescale suckers (Catostomus snyderi), therefore, morphology was used to separate these two species. Furthermore, the shortnose suckers and the Klamath largescale suckers documented in the upper Lost River drainage are more similar to Klamath largescale suckers than shortnose suckers that exist in the Upper Klamath Lake recovery unit. Therefore, the suckers we documented during our surveys were most likely Klamath largescale suckers.
We captured suckers, age-0 to age-9, in the Clear Lake tributaries within stream pools and flooded meadows behind water retention structures. However, no suckers were collected in small reservoirs sampled upstream of Clear Lake. Suckers were found in habitats with mud and fine substrate at depths of 0.5–3.0 meters, with most captured at 1.0 meter or less. Suckers co-occurred with nonnative species, which were more abundant in our survey than in previous surveys in the tributaries to Clear Lake.
Gerber Reservoir tributaries yielded more suckers per unit effort than Clear Lake tributaries. All suckers captured in the tributaries of Gerber Reservoir were identified as Klamath Largescale suckers. The suckers in tributaries to Gerber Reservoir were collected in similar habitat as those in Clear Lake tributaries and were age-0 to age-6.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Martin, B.A., Burdick, S.M., Staiger, S.T., and Kelsey, C., 2021, Water quality, instream habitat, and the distribution of suckers in the upper Lost River watershed of Oregon and California, summer 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1077, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211077.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122858","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1077/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":388610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1077/ofr20211077.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1077"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lost River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 41.63186741069748\n ],\n [\n -120.73974609374999,\n 41.63186741069748\n ],\n [\n -120.73974609374999,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 41.63186741069748\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
A 2-year telemetry study was conducted April–July in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate migration behavior and survival of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) in the Klickitat River, Washington. A total of 612 natural-origin steelhead, collected in a smolt trap on the Klickitat River, were tagged, released, and monitored as they outmigrated through the lower 17 kilometers (km) of the Klickitat River, and in the 52 km reach between the mouth of the Klickitat River and Bonneville Dam. The primary goal of the steelhead study was to estimate survival through the Klickitat River delta, the 2 km reach located at the confluence of the Klickitat and Columbia rivers. A total of 400 hatchery-origin coho salmon were tagged and released at the Klickitat Hatchery and monitored during migration through the lower 68 km of the Klickitat River and in the Columbia River to Bonneville Dam. The primary goals of the coho salmon study were (1) to estimate survival through the Klickitat River delta and (2) to determine residence time in the Klickitat River to assess potential for interactions with rearing natural-origin fish.
Many tagged steelhead and coho salmon moved quickly downstream and left the Klickitat River shortly after release. Median elapsed time from release to Klickitat River exit ranged from 1.4 to 1.5 days for steelhead, and from 5.1 to 12.9 days for coho salmon during the two-year study. Ten percent of the tagged coho salmon in 2018 remained in the Klickitat River for 21.9–29.2 days before entering the Columbia River. In 2019, ten percent of the tagged coho salmon remained in the Klickitat River for 36.0–45.5 days before entering the Columbia River. This suggests that some hatchery fish spend considerable time in the river after hatchery release. Migration rates were consistently slow for both species in the Klickitat River delta compared to upstream reaches of the free-flowing Klickitat River and downstream reaches of the Columbia River. Similarly, reach-specific survival was highest in free-flowing reaches of the Klickitat River and lowest near the Klickitat River delta. Cumulative survival from release to sites located downstream of the Klickitat River delta were 0.78 for juvenile steelhead in both 2018 and 2019, and 0.57 and 0.61 for juvenile coho salmon in 2018 and 2019. Standardized survival estimates (survival per 100 river kilometers) were 0.243 in 2018 and 0.302 in 2019 for steelhead, and 0.100 in 2018 and 0.153 in 2019 for coho salmon. These estimates of standardized survival are low compared to similar estimates from other rivers in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California. This study provided new information about survival and residence time of juvenile steelhead and coho salmon in the Klickitat River. Additional studies would be helpful to understand factors affecting outmigration survival and overlap between hatchery-origin and natural-original juvenile steelhead and coho salmon in the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211083","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yakama Nation Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Evans, S.D., Lindley, D.S., Kock, T.J., Hansen, A.C., Perry, R.W., Zendt, J.S., and Romero, N., 2021, Evaluation of movement and survival of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Klickitat River, Washington, 2018–2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1083, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211083.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126889","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1083/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":388573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1083/ofr20211083.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1083"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Klickitat River, Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -120.69580078124999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -120.71777343749997,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124997,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
We developed a model for analyzing multi-year demographic data for long-lived animals and used data from a population of Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area in the western Mojave Desert of California as a case study. The study area was 7.77 square kilometers and included two locations: inside and outside the fenced boundary. The wildlife-permeable, protective fence was designed to prevent entry from vehicle users and sheep grazing. We collected mark-recapture data from 1,123 tortoises during seven annual surveys consisting of two censuses each over a 34-year period. Additional data were collected when marked tortoises were recovered dead and removed between survey years. We used a Bayesian modeling framework to develop a multistate Jolly-Seber model because of its ability to handle unobserved (latent) states and modified this model to incorporate the additional data from non-survey years. Three size-age states (juvenile, immature, adult), sex (female, male), two location states (inside and outside the fenced boundary), and three survival states (not-yet-entered, entered/alive, and dead/removed) were incorporated into the model. We calculated population densities and estimated probabilities of growth of the tortoises from one size-age state to a larger size-age state, survival after 1 year and 5 years, and detection. Our results show a declining population with low estimates for survival after 1 year and 5 years. The probability for tortoises to move from outside to inside the boundary fence was greater than for tortoises to move from inside the fence to outside. The probability for detecting tortoises differed by size-age state and was lowest for the smallest tortoises and highest for the adult tortoises. The framework for the model can be used to analyze other animal populations where vital rates are expected to vary depending on multiple individual states.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181094","usgsCitation":"Berry, K.H., and Yee, J.L., 2021, Development of demographic models to analyze populations with multi-year data—Using Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) as a case study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1094, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181094.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086643","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388564,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1094/images"},{"id":388563,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1094/ofr20181094.xml"},{"id":388562,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1094/ofr20181094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":388561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1094/covrthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director,
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819