Water resources of the Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, were investigated during the period October 1981 through September 1987. The report presents baseline data and some interpretation of ground- and surface-water hydrology and quality of the Reservation.
\nThe area stratigraphy consists of basal Precambrian crystalline bedrock and overlying till and sand and gravel deposits. In the Reservation, the glacial deposits range in thickness from zero to 180 feet. The bedrock aquifer is composed of fractured and weathered Precambrian bedrock within about 20 feet of the upper bedrock surface. The sand and gravel aquifer is composed of saturated, permeable sand and gravel that occurs as layers, lenses, terrace deposits, and valley fillings. The glacial material has a saturated thickness ranging from approximately 150 feet to zero feet in areas where the Precambrian bedrock crops out. Water-table conditions commonly occur in both aquifers. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the sand and gravel and bedrock aquifers is estimated to be 5 and 0.3 feet per day, respectively.
\nThe Wolf River and its tributaries drain the Reservation except for the eastern quarter, which is drained by the South Branch of the Oconto River. The average discharge of the Wolf River, monitored continuously during 1907-85 at Keshena Falls near Keshena, was 762 ft 3/s (cubic feet per second). Maximum instantaneous discharge was 5,200 ft3/s recorded on March 15, 1973, and the minimum was 91 ft3/s recorded on December 22,1939. Low flow and flood-frequency characteristics for the Wolf River were estimated using mean-daily discharge for the period of record at Keshena Falls.
\nGround water from the sand and gravel and bedrock aquifers is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. The composition of waters from the two aquifers is similar because water recharging the bedrock aquifer is from the overlying sand and gravel aquifer. Iron or manganese concentrations exceeding secondary maximum contaminant levels were found in water samples from approximately one-quarter to one-half of the wells sampled.
\nApproximately three-quarters of the groundwater sampled during the study is moderately hard to very hard, with a median hardness equal to 171 mg/L (milligrams per liter) (as calcium carbonate)for the sand and gravel aquifer and 165mg/L (as calcium carbonate) for the bedrock aquifer. Alkalinity of the ground water ranged from26 to 211 mg/L, with a median value of 182 mg/L(as calcium carbonate) for the sand and gravel aquifer and ranged from 72 to 250 mg/L, with a median value of 170 mg/L (as calcium carbonate)for the bedrock aquifer.
\nWater samples collected from Reservation streams and lakes were similar to ground water (calcium magnesium bicarbonate type), reflecting the strong surface-water/ground-water interaction in the study area. The chemical composition of water from lakes having inlets or outlets indicate that they are not influenced by precipitation as much as lakes that do not have inlets or outlets.
\n\n
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Krohelski, J.T., Kammerer, P., and Conlon, T.D., 1994, Water resources of the Menominee Indian Reservation of Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4053, Report: v, 54 p.; 4 Plates: 19.20 x 16.56 inches or smalller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934053.","productDescription":"Report: v, 54 p.; 4 Plates: 19.20 x 16.56 inches or smalller","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56973,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56974,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56975,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56976,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56977,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Menominee Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.6399,45.1171],[-88.6109,45.1174],[-88.5598,45.1175],[-88.4836,45.117],[-88.4862,45.0302],[-88.4881,44.9435],[-88.4894,44.8554],[-88.6117,44.8563],[-88.736,44.8561],[-88.7356,44.9429],[-88.7982,44.9432],[-88.8588,44.943],[-88.9516,44.943],[-88.9812,44.9427],[-88.9812,45.0299],[-88.9818,45.118],[-88.9301,45.1182],[-88.8623,45.1175],[-88.8118,45.1177],[-88.7343,45.1172],[-88.6826,45.1174],[-88.6574,45.1172],[-88.6399,45.1171]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Menominee\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohelski, J. T.","contributorId":59046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kammerer, P.A.","contributorId":21943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conlon, Terrence D. 0000-0002-5899-7187 tdconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-7187","contributorId":819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Terrence","email":"tdconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27581,"text":"wri934207 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Arnold Air Force Base, Coffee and Franklin counties, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri934207","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4207","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Arnold Air Force Base, Coffee and Franklin counties, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The U.S. Air Force at Arnold Air Force Base (AAFB), in Coffee and Franklin Counties, Tennessee, is investigating ground-water contamination in selected areas of the base. This report documents the results of a comprehensive investigation of the regional hydrogeology of the AAFB area. Three aquifers within the Highland Rim aquifer system, the shallow aquifer, the Manchester aquifer, and the Fort Payne aquifer, have been identified in the study area. Of these, the Manchester aquifer is the primary source of water for domestic use. Drilling and water- quality data indicate that the Chattanooga Shale is an effective confining unit, isolating the Highland Rim aquifer system from the deeper, upper Central Basin aquifer system. A regional ground-water divide, approximately coinciding with the Duck River-Elk River drainage divide, underlies AAFB and runs from southwest to northeast. The general direction of most ground-water flow is to the north- west or to the northwest or to the southeast from the divide towards tributary streams that drain the area. Recharge estimates range from 4 to 11 inches per year. Digital computer modeling was used to simulate and provide a better understanding of the ground-water flow system. The model indicates that most of the ground-water flow occurs in the shallow and Manchester aquifers. The model was most sensitive to increases in hydraulic conductivity and changes in recharge rates. Particle-tracking analysis from selected sites of ground-water contamination indicates a potential for contami- nants to be transported beyond the boundary of AAFB.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934207","usgsCitation":"Haugh, C., and Mahoney, E., 1994, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Arnold Air Force Base, Coffee and Franklin counties, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4207, vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934207.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56437,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62531e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugh, C.J.","contributorId":24380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugh","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahoney, E.N.","contributorId":75171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahoney","given":"E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26296,"text":"wri944073 - 1994 - Scour assessment at bridges from Flag Point to Million Dollar Bridge, Copper River Highway, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri944073","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4073","title":"Scour assessment at bridges from Flag Point to Million Dollar Bridge, Copper River Highway, Alaska","docAbstract":"Twelve bridges are located along the Copper River Highway from Flag Point (Mile 27) to lhe Million Dollar Bridge (Mile 48). These bridges cross all or parts of the Copper River. Channel scour at these bridges was assessed by collecting and analyzing discharge and sediment data, analyzing aerial photography for eight different years, surveying and comparing cross sections, and utilizing scour equations. Between 1968 and 1992, scour occurring at Bridge 331 has formed two distinct channels at the bridge. The channel at Bridge 1187 has remained relatively unchanged between 1968 and 1992. During this same time period, the channel at Bridge 332 appears to have gradually filled. However, during the 1992 runoff season, the channel at this bridge scoured significantly, probably because of its unstable nature. The most significant scour has occurred at Bridge 342. A high-water period in 1981 probably shifted much of the flow of the Copper River through this bridge. As a result, severe contraction scour occurred which required major repairs to the bridge. During 1991 and 1992, the approach channel to Bridge 342 has been migrating, causing scour in the left side of the channel. Bed material at the Million Dollar Bridge consists of hard unweathered boulders nested in dense gravel. Because of this type of erosion-resistant material, no significant scour has occurred at this site. Contraction scour equations overestimated the mean depth of flow at Bridge 331 by 2.6 to 5.0 ft, but were within 1.0 ft of the mean depth of flow for Bridge 1187. The local scour equations generally overestimated local scour at both Bridge 331 and Bridge 1187. The accuracy of some equations was probably affected because water velocities could not be obtained upstream from the piers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944073","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1994, Scour assessment at bridges from Flag Point to Million Dollar Bridge, Copper River Highway, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4073, v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944073.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55102,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28110,"text":"wri944115 - 1994 - User's guide to revised method-of-characteristics solute-transport model (MOC--version 31)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-12T14:23:51.210931","indexId":"wri944115","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4115","title":"User's guide to revised method-of-characteristics solute-transport model (MOC--version 31)","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey computer model to simulate two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water (Konikow and Bredehoeft, 1978; Goode and Konikow, 1989) has been modified to improve management of input and output data and to provide progressive run-time information. All opening and closing of files are now done automatically by the program. Names of input data files are entered either interactively or using a batch-mode script file. Names of output files, created automatically by the program, are based on the name of the input file. In the interactive mode, messages are written to the screen during execution to allow the user to monitor the status and progress of the simulation and to anticipate total running time. Information reported and updated during a simulation include the current pumping period and time step, number of particle moves, and percentage completion of the current time step. The batch mode enables a user to run a series of simulations consecutively, without additional control. A report of the model's activity in the batch mode is written to a separate output file, allowing later review. The user has several options for creating separate output files for different types of data. The formats are compatible with many commercially available applications, which facilitates graphical postprocessing of model results. Geohydrology and Evaluation of Stream-Aquifer Relations in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, Southeastern Alabama, Northwestern Florida, and Southwestern Georgia By Lynn J. Torak, Gary S. Davis, George A. Strain, and Jennifer G. Herndon Abstract The lower Apalachieola-Chattahoochec-Flint River Basin is underlain by Coastal Plain sediments of pre-Cretaceous to Quaternary age consisting of alternating units of sand, clay, sandstone, dolomite, and limestone that gradually thicken and dip gently to the southeast. The stream-aquifer system consism of carbonate (limestone and dolomite) and elastic sediments, which define the Upper Floridan aquifer and Intermediate system, in hydraulic connection with the principal rivers of the basin and other surface-water features, natural and man made. Separate digital models of the Upper Flori-dan aquifer and Intermediate system were constructed by using the U.S. Geological Survey's MODular Finite-Element model of two dimensional ground-water flow, based on concep- tualizations of the stream-aquifer system, and calibrated to drought conditions of October 1986. Sensitivity analyses performed on the models indicated that aquifer hydraulic conductivity, lateral and vertical boundary flows, and pumpage have a strong influence on groundwater levels. Simulated pumpage increases in the Upper Floridan aquifer, primarily in the Dougherty Plain physiographic district of Georgia,. caused significant reductions in aquifer discharge to streams that eventually flow to Lake Seminole and the Apalachicola River and Bay. Simulated pumpage increases greater than 3 times the October 1986 rates caused drying ofsome stream reaches and parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Georgia. Water budgets prepared from simulation results indicate that ground- water discharge to streams and recharge by horizontal and vertical flow are the principal mechanisms for moving water through the flow system. The potential for changes in ground-water quality is high in areas where chemical constituents can be mobilized by these mechanisms. Less than 2 percent of ground-water discharge to streams comes from the Intermediate system; thus, it plays a minor role in the hydrodynamics of the stream- aquifer system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944115","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., Granato, G., and Hornberger, G., 1994, User's guide to revised method-of-characteristics solute-transport model (MOC--version 31): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4115, iv, 63 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944115.","productDescription":"iv, 63 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56939,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4115/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603de7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, G.E.","contributorId":61457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26744,"text":"wri894179 - 1994 - Application of a Geographic Information System for regridding a ground-water flow model of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Walla Walla River basin, Oregon-Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:24:22","indexId":"wri894179","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4179","title":"Application of a Geographic Information System for regridding a ground-water flow model of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Walla Walla River basin, Oregon-Washington","docAbstract":"Computerized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become viable and valuable tools for managing,analyzing, creating, and displaying data for three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow models. Three GIS applications demonstrated in this study are: (1) regridding of data arrays from an existing large-area, low resolution ground-water model to a smaller, high resolution grid; (2) use of GIS techniques for assembly of data-input arrays for a ground-water model; and (3) use of GIS for rapid display of data for verification, for checking of ground-water model output, and for the cre.ation of customized maps for use in reports. The Walla Walla River Basin was selected as the location for the demonstration because (1) data from a low resolution ground-water model (Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System Analysis [RASA]) were available and (2) concern for long-term use of water resources for irrigation in the basin. The principal advantage of regridding is that it may provide the ability to more precisely calibrate a model, assuming chat a more detailed coverage of data is available, and to evaluate the numerical errors associated with a particular grid design.Regridding gave about an 8-fold increase in grid-node density.Several FORTRAN programs were developed to load the regridded ground-water data into a finite-difference modular model as model-compatible input files for use in a steady-state model run.To facilitate the checking and validating of the GIS regridding process, maps and tabular reports were produced for each of eight ground-water parameters by model layer. Also, an automated subroutine that was developed to view the model-calculated water levels in cross-section will aid in the synthesis and interpretation of model results.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894179","usgsCitation":"Darling, M., and Hubbard, L., 1994, Application of a Geographic Information System for regridding a ground-water flow model of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Walla Walla River basin, Oregon-Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4179, vii, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894179.","productDescription":"vii, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55621,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darling, M.E.","contributorId":82355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbard, L.E.","contributorId":104945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29137,"text":"wri924159 - 1994 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and potential for contamination of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Silver Springs ground-water basin, central Marion County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri924159","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4159","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and potential for contamination of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Silver Springs ground-water basin, central Marion County, Florida","docAbstract":"The Upper Floridan aquifer, composed of a thick sequence of very porous limestone and dolomite, is the principal source of water supply in the Silver Springs ground-water basin of central Marion County, Florida. The karstic nature of the local geology makes the aquifer susceptible to contaminants from the land surface. Contaminants can enter the aquifer by seepage through surficial deposits and through sinkholes and drainage wells. Potential contaminants include agricultural chemicals, landfill leachates and petroleum products from leaking storage tanks and accidental spills. More than 560 sites of potential contamination sources were identified in the basin in 1990. Detailed investigation of four sites were used to define hydrologic conditions at representative sites. Ground-water flow velocities determined from dye trace studies ranged from about 1 foot per hour under natural flow conditions to about 10 feet per hour under pumping conditions, which is considerably higher than velocities estimated using Darcy's equation for steady-state flow in a porous medium. Water entering the aquifer through drainage wells contained bacteria, elevated concentrations of nutrients, manganese and zinc, and in places, low concentrations of organic compounds. On the basis of results from the sampling of 34 wells in 1989 and 1990, and from the sampling of water entering the Upper Floridan aquifer through drainage wells, there has been no widespread degradation of water quality in the study area. In an area of karst, particularly one in which fracture flow is significant, evaluating the effects from contaminants is difficult and special care is required when interpolating hydrogeologic data from regional studies to a specific. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924159","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.G., 1994, Hydrogeology, water quality, and potential for contamination of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Silver Springs ground-water basin, central Marion County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4159, vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924159.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4159/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58006,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4159/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58007,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4159/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58008,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4159/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58009,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4159/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58010,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4159/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58011,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4159/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58012,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6148b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29376,"text":"wri934181 - 1994 - Use of a precipitation-runoff model for simulating effects of forest management on streamflow in 11 small drainage basins, Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:33:14","indexId":"wri934181","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4181","title":"Use of a precipitation-runoff model for simulating effects of forest management on streamflow in 11 small drainage basins, Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model of the U.S. Geological Survey was used to simulate the hydrologic effects of timber management in 11 small, upland drainage basins of the Coast Range in Oregon. The coefficients of determination for observed and simulated daily flow during the calibration periods ranged from 0.92 for the Flynn Creek Basin to 0.68 for the Priorli Creek Basin; percent error ranged from -0.25 for the Deer Creek Basin to -4.49 for the Nestucca River Basin. The coefficients of determination during the validation periods ranged from 0.90 for the Flynn Creek Basin to 0.66 for the Wind River Basin; percent error during the validation periods ranged from -0.91 for the Flynn Creek Basin to 22.3 for the Priorli Creek Basin. In addition to daily simulations, 42 storms were selected from the time-series periods in which the 11 basins were studied and used in hourly storm-mode simulations. Sources of simulation error included the quality of the input data, deficiencies in the PRMS model-algorithms, and the quality of parameter estimation. Times-series data from the Flynn Creek and Needle Branch Basins, collected during an earlier U.S. Geological Survey paired-watershed study, were used to evaluate the PRMS as a tool for predicting the hydrologic effects of timber-management practices. The Flynn Creek Basin remained forested and undisturbed during the data-collection period, while the Needle Branch Basin had been clearcut 82 percent at a midpoint during the period of data collection. Using the PRMS, streamflow at the Needle Branch Basin was simulated during the postlogging period using prelogging parameter values. Comparison of postlogging observed streamflow with the simulated data showed an increase in annual discharge volume of approximately 8 percent and a small increase in peak flows of from 1 to 2 percent. The simulated flows from the basins studied were generally insensitive to the number of hydrologic-response units used to replicate basin surface detail. The average number of hydrologic-response units used in the storm-period simulations was one-half the average number of hydrologic-response units used in the daily period simulations. With the exception of one basin, however, the coefficient of determination between observed and simulated daily flow differed by only 3 percent. Calibration and validation of the PRMS for 11 basins--that encompass a variety of forest, soil, and topographic conditions--provided regionalized parameter values. The parameter values assist the PRMS hydrologic simulations of other gaged and ungaged basins in the Coast Range with landscape conditions similar to those of the basins studied.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934181","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., 1994, Use of a precipitation-runoff model for simulating effects of forest management on streamflow in 11 small drainage basins, Oregon Coast Range: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4181, v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934181.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4181/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5458fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, J. C.","contributorId":88780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28080,"text":"wri944143 - 1994 - Computer simulation of storm runoff for three watersheds in Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri944143","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4143","title":"Computer simulation of storm runoff for three watersheds in Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Rainfall-runoff data from three watersheds were selected for calibration and verification of the U.S. Geological Survey's Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model. The watersheds chosen are residentially developed. The conceptually based model uses an optimization process that adjusts selected parameters to achieve the best fit between measured and simulated runoff volumes and peak discharges. Three of these optimization parameters represent soil-moisture conditions, three represent infiltration, and one accounts for effective impervious area. Each watershed modeled was divided into overland-flow segments and channel segments. The overland-flow segments were further subdivided to reflect pervious and impervious areas. Each overland-flow and channel segment was assigned representative values of area, slope, percentage of imperviousness, and roughness coefficients. Rainfall-runoff data for each watershed were separated into two sets for use in calibration and verification. For model calibration, seven input parameters were optimized to attain a best fit of the data. For model verification, parameter values were set using values from model calibration. The standard error of estimate for calibration of runoff volumes ranged from 19 to 34 percent, and for peak discharge calibration ranged from 27 to 44 percent. The standard error of estimate for verification of runoff volumes ranged from 26 to 31 percent, and for peak discharge verification ranged from 31 to 43 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, [New Mexico District] ;\r\nCan be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri944143","usgsCitation":"Knutilla, R., and Veenhuis, J., 1994, Computer simulation of storm runoff for three watersheds in Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4143, vii, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944143.","productDescription":"vii, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56901,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutilla, R. L.","contributorId":65451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutilla","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veenhuis, J.E.","contributorId":6850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veenhuis","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25577,"text":"wri934221 - 1994 - Hydrogeology of recharge areas and water quality of the principal aquifers along the Wasatch Front and adjacent areas, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri934221","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4221","title":"Hydrogeology of recharge areas and water quality of the principal aquifers along the Wasatch Front and adjacent areas, Utah","docAbstract":"The principal basin-fill aquifers in Cache Valley, the lower Bear River area, and along the Wasatch Front provide ground water to about 84 percent of the population of Utah. Recharge areas for the principal aquifers were mapped to provide information needed for the implementation of ground-water quality regulations and a State ground-water protection plan. Water samples were collected and analyzed to provide baseline water- quality data for the principal aquifers. The study area includes five subareas: Cache Valley, the 1ower Bear River area, the East Shore area, Salt Lake Valley, and Utah and Goshen Valleys. Basin-fill deposits in each subarea are lithologically heterogeneous. The principal aquifers in most of the subareas are composed of multiple discontinuous unconfined and confined aquifers and confining layers. Primary recharge areas generally are located along adjacent mountain fronts and extend into the valleys at the mouths of major drainages. Secondary recharge areas are located on the benches and uplands of the valleys. Ground-water flow generally is from these recharge areas to the discharge areas in the topographically low parts of the valleys. In general, dissolved-solids concentrations in ground water range from less than 500 mg/L to about 3,000 mg/L. Of 73 water samples, 5 contained inorganic constituents in concentrations that exceeded State of Utah water-quality standards. None of the samples contained concentrations of organic compounds that exceeded State standards.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934221","usgsCitation":"Anderson, P., Susong, D., Wold, S., Heilweil, V., and Baskin, R.L., 1994, Hydrogeology of recharge areas and water quality of the principal aquifers along the Wasatch Front and adjacent areas, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4221, vi, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934221.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54295,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54296,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54297,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54298,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54299,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, P.B.","contributorId":103020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Susong, D. D.","contributorId":12868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wold, S.R.","contributorId":29473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wold","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heilweil, V.M.","contributorId":25197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"V.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baskin, R. L.","contributorId":14460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":30567,"text":"wri934028 - 1994 - Salt budget for West Pond, Utah, April 1987 to June 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri934028","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4028","title":"Salt budget for West Pond, Utah, April 1987 to June 1989","docAbstract":"During operation of the West Desert pumping project, April 10. 1987, to June 30, 1989, data were collected as part of a monitoring program to evaluate the effects of pumping brine from Great Salt Lake into West Pond in northern Utah. The removal of brine from Great Sail was part of an effort to lower the level of Great Salt Lake when the water level was at a high in 1986. These data were used to prepare a salt budget that indicates about 695 million tons of salt or about 14.2 percent of salt contained in Great Salt Lake was pumped into West Pond. Of the 695 million tons of salt pumped into West Pond, 315 million tons (45 percent) were dissolved in West Pond, 71 million tons (10.2 percent) formed a salt crust at the bottom of the pond, 10 million tons (1.4 percent) infiltrated the subsurface areas inundated by storage in the pond, 88 million tons (12.7 percent) were withdrawn by American Magnesium Corporation, and 123 million tons (17.7 percent) discharged from the pond through the Newfoundland weir. About 88 million tons (13 percent) of the salt pumped from the lake could not be accounted for in the salt budget. About 94 million tons of salt (1.9 percent of the total salt in Great Salt Lake) flowed back to Great Salt Lake.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934028","usgsCitation":"Wold, S., and Waddell, K., 1994, Salt budget for West Pond, Utah, April 1987 to June 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4028, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934028.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59332,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wold, S.R.","contributorId":29473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wold","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19227,"text":"ofr94468 - 1994 - A data input program (MFI) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr94468","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-468","title":"A data input program (MFI) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS ESIC--Open-File Report Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94468","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., 1994, A data input program (MFI) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-468, vi, 24 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94468.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0468/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48687,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0468/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af5fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":180522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18899,"text":"ofr9445 - 1994 - Calculation of a water budget and delineation of contributing sources to drainflows in the western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T20:53:17.746682","indexId":"ofr9445","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-45","title":"Calculation of a water budget and delineation of contributing sources to drainflows in the western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"
Geohydrologic data and a ground-water flow model were used to calculate a water budget and evaluate the contribution of regional groundwater flow to on-farm drainflow in a part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California. Regional ground-water flow is affected by the distribution of unconsolidated coarse- and fine-grained sediment. Predominantly coarse-grained sediment in the upslope areas results in a water table greater than 3 meters below land surface, but the low-lying areas are underlain by predominantly fine-grained sediments and have a water table within 3 meters of land surface. The vertical component of flow is downward in the upslope areas, but can be upward at some locations in the low-lying areas.
Results of model simulations indicate that about 18.5x106 cubic meters per year of drainflow originates as recharge within the fields that overlay the drainage systems (89 percent), and 2.3x106 cubic meters per year of drainflow is lateral-flowing ground water and upward-moving deep percolation originating as recharge within fields upslope of the drainage systems (11 percent). The drainage systems that intercept this upslope recharge overlay predominantly coarse-grained sediment associated with old stream channels. This ground water can move upward from depths greater than 29 meters below land surface and distances as great as 3.6 kilometers, requiring from 10 to more than 90 years to reach the drainage systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9445","usgsCitation":"Fio, J.L., 1994, Calculation of a water budget and delineation of contributing sources to drainflows in the western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-45, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9445.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406406,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12447.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":48300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0045/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"western San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.821,\n 36.713\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 36.713\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 36.949\n ],\n [\n -120.821,\n 36.949\n ],\n [\n -120.821,\n 36.713\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fio, John L.","contributorId":77543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fio","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26589,"text":"wri934229 - 1994 - Assessment of selected constituents in surface water of the upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, water years 1975-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T14:24:17","indexId":"wri934229","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4229","title":"Assessment of selected constituents in surface water of the upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, water years 1975-89","docAbstract":"In 1991, a water-quality investigation of \nthe upper Snake River Basin was initiated as part \nof the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The initial task of \nthe assessment was to compile and analyze available nutrient, suspended sediment, and pesticide \ndata collected in the basin. For analysis of nutrients \nand suspended sediment, data collected during \nwater years 1980-89 were used. For pesticides, an \nadditional 5 years of data were included for a total \nassessment period encompassing water years \n1975-89.\nNearly 9,000 analyses of nutrients and suspended sediment from more than 450 stations were \nretrieved from the U.S. Environmental Protection \nAgency STORET and U.S. Geological Survey \nWATSTORE data bases. Nineteen stations had \nsufficient analyses for quantitative assessment. Of \nthe 19 stations analyzed, 4 are located on relatively \nunaffected stream reaches, 8 are at or near mouths \nof tributary basins affected by agricultural activities, and 7 are on the main stem of the Snake River.\nData indicate that nitrite plus nitrate and total \nphosphorus concentrations generally increased in a \ndownstream direction along the Snake River; concentrations were largest at the mouths of drainage \nbasins tributary to the Snake River. Water-quality \nstations were categorized as unaffected or minimally affected, agriculturally affected, or main \nstem to compare nutrient concentrations between \ndrainage basins of differing land use/land cover. \nConcentrations of nitrite plus nitrate, total nitrogen, \ndissolved orthophosphate, and total phosphorus \nwere significantly (p<0.05) larger at agriculturally\naffected and main-stem stations than at unaffected \nstations; and concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate, \ntotal nitrogen, and total phosphorus at agriculturally affected stations were significantly larger than \nat main-stem stations. Significant differences in \nseasonal concentrations of some nutrient species \nalso were noted.\nFew suspended sediment and pesticide data \nwere available for the study basin. Only six stations \nhad sufficient data for quantitative assessment of \nsuspended sediment. A direct positive relation \nexists between suspended sediment concentration \nand streamflow; concentrations are largest in April, \nMay, and June at high streamflow. Most of the \npesticide data compiled from STORET and \nWATSTORE were collected during water years \n1975-79. Only 33 pesticide samples, excluding \nsamples collected for a Rural Clean Water \nProgram, were collected from surface water and \nbottom sediment during water years 1980-89. \nBottom sediment collected near the mouth of the \nHenrys Fork during the late 1970's had the largest \nconcentrations of pesticides in the basin; DOT, \nODD, and DDE concentrations exceeded 10 micrograms per kilogram.\nMass movement of nutrients and suspended \nsediment in the upper Snake River Basin is \ncontrolled primarily by changes in streamflow. \nBetween two and three times as much total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and suspended sediment \nwere transported out of the basin in water year \n1984 (high-flow year) compared with 1989 (low-flow year). Reservoirs on the main stem of the \nSnake River probably trap much of the nutrient and \nmost of the suspended sediment load generated \nfrom upper parts of the basin.\nA more extensive data-collection program in \nthe upper Snake River Basin is needed to address a \nnumber of water-quality issues. These include \nan analysis of effects of land use on the quality of \nsurface water; quantification of mass movement of \nnutrients and suspended sediment at key locations \nin the basin; distribution of aquatic organisms; and \ntemporal and spatial distribution of pesticides in \nsurface water, bottom sediment, and biota.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934229","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., 1994, Assessment of selected constituents in surface water of the upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, water years 1975-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4229, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934229.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"54","temporalStart":"1975-01-01","temporalEnd":"1989-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4229/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55458,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4229/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Nevada;Utah;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.0,41.5 ], [ -115.0,45.0 ], [ -110.0,45.0 ], [ -110.0,41.5 ], [ -115.0,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6697d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Gregory M. gmclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Gregory","email":"gmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44732,"text":"wri944126 - 1994 - Potential for, and possible effects of, artificial recharge in Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:59","indexId":"wri944126","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4126","title":"Potential for, and possible effects of, artificial recharge in Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Rapid population growth in Carson Valley, west- central Nevada, requires a dependable municipal water source. Artificial recharge of aquifers using available flow of the Carson River is one way to increase the amount of water in underground storage and maintain a dependable ground-water supply. Ground water can be artificially recharged by routing excess surface water or, after proper treatment, routing wastewater to infiltration basins or injection wells. Withdrawal wells would remove stored water when needed. As a first step, maps showing areas in Carson Valley with high, low, moderate and unknown potential for artificial recharge were developed on the basis of the distribution of geologic units, depth to water, specific yield, infiltration rate, and location of natural recharge and discharge. For recharge by means of infiltration, areas totaling 5,700 acres have high potential, 23,900 acres have moderate potential, and 6,200 acres have low potential. For recharge through injection, areas totaling 7,800 acres have high potential and 43,500 acres have moderate potential; 23,000 acres have unknown potential because data are lacking on subsurface conditions. A ground-water-flow model was used to assess the possible results of artificial recharge. Simulations with no accompanying ground-water withdrawal show that, when recharge by injection is simulated near the valley floor, heads in the semiconfined aquifer increase over much of the valley, floor; only about 20 percent of the recharged water is stored in the aquifer after 5 years and as much as 80 percent is lost to streamflow and evapotranspiration. When recharge is simulated on the eastern side of the valley, 80 percent of the recharged water remains in storage after 5 years. When recharge is simulated near the valley floor, more water is lost to discharge than when recharge is on the eastern side of the valley. When recharge is applied for long periods without accompanying withdrawal, recharged water moves downgradient to discharge areas. The recharge water that discharges to the surface-water system could in turn replenish base flow of the Carson River and benefit downstream users.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944126","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., and Peltz, L.A., 1994, Potential for, and possible effects of, artificial recharge in Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4126, 87 p.; 7 maps on 4 sheets : col. ; 37 x 27 cm., sheets 61 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944126.","productDescription":"87 p.; 7 maps on 4 sheets : col. ; 37 x 27 cm., sheets 61 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":99323,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/report.pdf","size":"108","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99324,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-1.pdf","size":"5233","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99325,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-2.pdf","size":"5671","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99326,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-3.pdf","size":"6154","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99327,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-4.pdf","size":"5942","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peltz, Lorri A.","contributorId":29401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peltz","given":"Lorri","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12701,"text":"US Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":230335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26147,"text":"wri944042 - 1994 - Relation of stream quality to streamflow, and estimated loads of selected water-quality constituents in the James and Rappahannock rivers near the fall line of Virginia, July 1988 through June 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri944042","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4042","title":"Relation of stream quality to streamflow, and estimated loads of selected water-quality constituents in the James and Rappahannock rivers near the fall line of Virginia, July 1988 through June 1990","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality-- Division of Intergovernmental Coordination to monitor and estimate loads of selected nutrients and suspended solids discharged to Chesapeake Bay from two major tributaries in Virginia. From July 1988 through June 1990, monitoring consisted of collecting depth-integrated, cross-sectional samples from the James and Rappahannock Rivers during storm- flow conditions and at scheduled intervals. Water- quality constituents that were monitored included total suspended solids (residue, total at 105 degrees Celsius), dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, dissolved ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (ammonia plus organic), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved orthopohosphorus, total organic carbon, and dissolved silica. Daily mean load estimates of each constituent were computed by month, using a seven-parameter log-linear-regression model that uses variables of time, discharge, and seasonality. Water-quality data and constituent- load estimates are included in the report in tabular and graphic form. The data and load estimates provided in this report will be used to calibrate the computer modeling efforts of the Chesapeake Bay region, evaluate the water quality of the Bay and the major effects on the water quality, and assess the results of best-management practices in Virginia.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944042","usgsCitation":"Belval, D., Campbell, J., and Woodside, M.D., 1994, Relation of stream quality to streamflow, and estimated loads of selected water-quality constituents in the James and Rappahannock rivers near the fall line of Virginia, July 1988 through June 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4042, vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944042.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belval, D.L.","contributorId":52186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belval","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, J.P.","contributorId":80310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodside, M. D.","contributorId":98722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26038,"text":"wri944067 - 1994 - Flow and salinity in West Neck Creek, Virginia, 1989-92, and salinity in North Landing River, North Carolina, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T19:17:52.874938","indexId":"wri944067","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4067","title":"Flow and salinity in West Neck Creek, Virginia, 1989-92, and salinity in North Landing River, North Carolina, 1991-92","docAbstract":"Flow and salinity were monitored during 1989-92 in West Neck Creek, Virginia, which provides a direct hydraulic connection between the brackish waters of Chesapeake Bay and the relatively fresh waters of Currituck Sound. During the 308 days for which data were available, flow was to the south 64 percent of the time, but 80 percent of the southward flows were less than 40 cubic feet per second. Flows ranged from 356 cubic feet per second to the south to 50 cubic feet per second to the north, and the highest flows were associated with precipitation events. Salinity ranged from less than 0.1 to 24.5 parts per thousand, and the highest salinities were observed during periods of sustained, high northerly winds. Salt transport ranged from 34,510 tons per day to the south to 302 tons per day to the north.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944067","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., and Skrobialowski, S., 1994, Flow and salinity in West Neck Creek, Virginia, 1989-92, and salinity in North Landing River, North Carolina, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4067, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944067.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54819,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415525,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47966.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4067/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"North Landing River, West Neck Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.1,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -76.1,\n 36.8333\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 36.8333\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -76.1,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df4c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad","contributorId":47390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skrobialowski, S. C.","contributorId":99585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrobialowski","given":"S. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17237,"text":"ofr92139 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of dunes and wetlands along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:15","indexId":"ofr92139","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-139","title":"Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of dunes and wetlands along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, Indiana","docAbstract":"The dunes and the wetlands along the southern shore of Lake Michigan are underlain by a complex aquifer system composed of unconsolidated glacial, lacustrine, and eolian deposits. Surficial dune, beach, and glacial lacustrine sands compose an extensive surficial aquifer. The underlying drift contains three major confined sand aquifers. Potentiometric and hydrochemical data are consistent with a conceptual model in which regional and intermediate flow systems, recharged in end moraines south of the dune-beach complexes, discharge into Lake Michigan and the Great Marsh by upward leakage through unconsolidated sediments. Local flow systems in the surficial aquifer, recharged in the major dune-beach complexes, discharge into streams, ditches, and ponded areas in the adjacent interdunal wetlands. Shallow ground water discharges directly into Lake Michigan only north of a water-table divide that underlies the dune-beach complex along the shoreline. The position of ground-water seepage faces is affected by transient water-table mounds observed in the dune-beach complexes at the margins of wetlands. Substantial recharge to the dune complexes probably occurs near these dune-wetland margins. In the dune-beach complexes and intradunal wetlands, the shallow ground and wetland waters are dilute calcium bicarbonate and calcium bicarbonate sulfate types. More mineralized bicarbonate water types having variable proportions of calcium, magnesium, and sodium are found in interior parts of the Great Marsh because this area is probably a discharge zone for the regional and intermediate flow systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr92139","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, R.J., Cohen, D., Imbrigiotta, T., and Thompson, T., 1994, Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of dunes and wetlands along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-139, vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92139.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46387,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62540b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Robert J. rjshedlo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Robert","email":"rjshedlo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":175546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, D.A.","contributorId":17628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, T.E. 0000-0003-1716-4768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":86355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"T.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":18900,"text":"ofr9472 - 1994 - Effects of ground-water chemistry and flow on quality of drainflow in the western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-17T10:20:40","indexId":"ofr9472","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-72","title":"Effects of ground-water chemistry and flow on quality of drainflow in the western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Chemical and geohydrologic data were used to assess the effects of regional ground-water flow on the quality of on-farm drainflows in a part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California. Shallow ground water beneath farm fields has been enriched in stable isotopes and salts by partial evaporation from the shallow water table and is being displaced by irrigation, drainage, and regional ground-water flow. Ground-water flow is primarily downward in the study area but can flow upward in some down- slope areas. Transitional areas exist between the downward and upward flow zones, where ground water can move substantial horizontal distances (0.3 to 3.6 kilometers) and can require 10 to 90 years to reach the downslope drainage systems. Simulation of ground-water flow to drainage systems indicates that regional ground water contributes to about 11 percent of annual drainflow. Selenium concentrations in ground water and drainwater are affected by geologic source materials, partial evaporation from a shallow water table, drainage-system, and regional ground-water flow. Temporal variability in drainflow quality is affected in part by the distribution of chemical constituents in ground water and the flow paths to the drainage systems. The mass flux of selenium in drainflows, or load, generally is proportional to flow, and reductions in drainflow quantity should reduce selenium loads over the short-term. Uncertain changes in the distribution of ground-water quality make future changes in drainflow quality difficult to quantify.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9472","usgsCitation":"Fio, J.L., and Leighton, D.A., 1994, Effects of ground-water chemistry and flow on quality of drainflow in the western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-72, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9472.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48301,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fio, John L.","contributorId":77543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fio","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leighton, David A.","contributorId":95493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21057,"text":"ofr91175 - 1994 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin; fixed-station network and selected water-quality data for April 1987-September 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:55","indexId":"ofr91175","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-175","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin; fixed-station network and selected water-quality data for April 1987-September 1990","docAbstract":"This report describes and presents the sampling design, methods, quality assurance methods and results, and information on how to obtain data collected at eight fixed stations in the upper Illinois River Basin as part of the pilot phase of the National Water-Quality Assessment program. Data were collected monthly from April 1987-August l990; these data were supplemented with data collected during special events, including high and low flows. Each fixed station represents a cross section at which the transport of selected dissolved and suspended materials can be computed. Samples collected monthly and during special events were analyzed for concentrations of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, organic carbon, chlorophyll-a, suspended sediment, and other constituents. Field measurements of water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and indicator bacteria also were made at each site. Samples of suspended sediment were analyzed for concentrations of major ions and trace elements. In addition, samples were analyzed seasonally for concentrations of antimony, bromide, molybdenum, and the radionuclides gross alpha and gross beta.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr91175","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., and Blanchard, S.F., 1994, Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin; fixed-station network and selected water-quality data for April 1987-September 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-175, v, 213 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91175.","productDescription":"v, 213 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50647,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a3f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Daniel J. 0000-0003-2705-3738 djsulliv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-3738","contributorId":1703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Daniel","email":"djsulliv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":183762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28756,"text":"wri924013 - 1994 - Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Connecticut River basin, southwestern New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri924013","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4013","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Connecticut River basin, southwestern New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Stratified-drift aquifers discontinuously underlie 116 square miles of the Lower Connecticut River basin in southwestern New Hampshire, which has a total drainage area of 1,163 square miles. Saturated thicknesses of stratified drift within the study area are locally greater than 400 feet but generally are less. Transmissivities 1ocally exceeds 4,000 feet squared per day but are generally much less. The 20.8 square mile, or 1.8 percent, of the study area identified as having transmissivity greater than 1,000 feet squared per day represents a valuable resource. The geohydrology of stratified- drift aquifers was investigated by focusing on basic aquifer properties, including aquifer boundaries; recharge, discharge, and direction of ground-water flow; saturated thickness and storage; and transmissivity. Surficial geologic mapping assisted in the determination of aquifer boundaries. Data from more than 2,300 wells, test borings, and springs were used to produce maps of water-table altitude, saturated thickness, and transmissivity of-stratified drift. Seismic-refraction profiles were completed at 29 locations in the study area. These profiles aided in the construction of the water-table and saturated-thickness maps. Seismic- reflection data were also collected along 60 miles of the Connecticut River. A stratified-drift aquifer in southern Croydon and northern Newport was analyzed for aquifer yield using transient simulations and a two-dimensional, finite-difference ground-water-flow model. The objective was to estimate the yield after a 180-day period of pumping. Two hypothetical wells were pumped at 1.0 Mgal/d and 0.5 Mgal/d for 180 days respectively. The amount of water available for infiltration was the limiting factor. Results of analysis of water samples from 22 wells and 8 spring show that, with some exceptions, water in the stratified-drift aquifer generally meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's primary and secondary drinking-water regulations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924013","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., Johnson, C., and Douglas, E., 1994, Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Connecticut River basin, southwestern New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4013, 1 v. (various paging) :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm. [PGS - 325 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924013.","productDescription":"1 v. (various paging) :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm. [PGS - 325 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57616,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57617,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57618,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57619,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, E.M.","contributorId":60685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28553,"text":"wri944053 - 1994 - Iodine-129 in the Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri944053","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4053","title":"Iodine-129 in the Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1990-91","docAbstract":"From 1953 to 1990, an estimated 0.56 to 1.18 curies of iodine-129 were contained in wastewater generated by the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The waste- water was discharged directly to the Snake River Plain aquifer through a deep disposal well prior to February 1984 and through unlined disposal ponds in 1984-90. The wastewater did not contain measurable concentrations of iodine-129 in 1989-90. Samples were collected from 51 wells that obtain water from the Snake River Plain aquifer and 1 well that obtains water from a perched ground-water zone. The samples were analyzed for iodine-129 using an accelerator mass spectrometer which is two to six orders of magnitude more sensitive than neutron- activation methods. Therefore, iodine-129 was detectable in samples from a larger number of wells distributed over a larger area than previously was possible. Ground-water flow velocities calculated using iodine-129 data are estimated to be at least 6 feet per day. These velocities compare favorably with those of 4 to 10 feet per day calculated from tritium data and tracer studies at wells down- gradient from the ICPP. In 1990-91, concentrations of iodine-129 in water samples from wells that obtain water from the Snake River Plain aquifer ranged from less than 0.0000006+0.0000002 to 3.82.+0.19 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). The mean concentration in water from 18 wells was 0.81+0.19 pCi/L as compared with 1.30+0.26 pCi/L in 1986. The decrease in the iodine-l29 concentrations from 1986 to 1990-91 chiefly was the result of a decrease in the amount of iodine-129 disposed of annually, and changes in disposal techniques.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944053","usgsCitation":"Mann, L., and Beasley, T., 1994, Iodine-129 in the Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4053, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944053.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57382,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, L. J.","contributorId":39392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beasley, T.M.","contributorId":74788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beasley","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18273,"text":"ofr94329 - 1994 - Hydrogeologic and water-quality data from wells near the Hueco Bolson Recharge Project area, El Paso, Texas, 1990 and 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:58:17","indexId":"ofr94329","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-329","title":"Hydrogeologic and water-quality data from wells near the Hueco Bolson Recharge Project area, El Paso, Texas, 1990 and 1991","docAbstract":"Tertiary-treated wastewater currently (1991) is being injected into the Hueco bolson aquifer at a site in northeastern El Paso, Texas, to supplement the quantity of available freshwater. Hydrologic data were compiled and water-quality and bacterial data were collected from existing wells near the Hueco Bolson Recharge Project (HBRP) in August and September 1990 and 1991.
\nBorehole tracer tests indicated upward ground-water flow in nearly all tested intervals of several observation wells. The cumulative volume of injected water was less than the volume produced from wells adjacent to the HBRP area. Water levels in three production wells, located more than 1.5 miles from the injection wells, declined at rates comparable to those observed before injection operations. Water levels in wells located within 0.75 mile of the injection-well pipeline declined at a slower rate after HBRP injection operations had begun. Between 1985 and 1991, water levels in observation wells located within 700 feet of an injection well either did not appreciably decline, or declined at smaller rates than water levels in more distant production wells.
\nTrihalomethane compounds were detected in water from 8 of the 16 observation and production wells sampled in 1990 and in 10 of the 17 wells sampled in 1991. Concentrations of trihalomethane compounds in these samples ranged from 0.05 to 1.9 |lg/L (micrograms per liter) in 1990 and from 0.05 to 1.4 |ig/L in 1991. Concentrations of trihalomethane compounds in samples of injected water from two wells were 27.8 and 34.6 |J,g/L respectively, in 1991. Dibromomethane and dichloromethane were detected in water from injection wells and from observation wells within about 700 feet of the injection wells.
\nAerobic bacteria were determined to be the only bacteria type present in ground water except for samples from two wells, which also contained denitrifying bacteria. The populations of aerobic bacteria determined in ground water ranged from 80 to more than 160,000 most probable number of organisms per milliliter of sample.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94329","usgsCitation":"Brock, R.D., Buszka, P.M., and Godsy, E.M., 1994, Hydrogeologic and water-quality data from wells near the Hueco Bolson Recharge Project area, El Paso, Texas, 1990 and 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-329, v, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94329.","productDescription":"v, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0329/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47626,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0329/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"El Paso","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.64154052734374,\n 31.5668353078939\n ],\n [\n -106.15814208984374,\n 31.5668353078939\n ],\n [\n -106.15814208984374,\n 32.010404958190534\n ],\n [\n -106.64154052734374,\n 32.010404958190534\n ],\n [\n -106.64154052734374,\n 31.5668353078939\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628c2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, Robert D.","contributorId":27875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buszka, Paul M. 0000-0001-8218-826X pmbuszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-826X","contributorId":1786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"Paul","email":"pmbuszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":178828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godsy, Edward M.","contributorId":66278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30353,"text":"wri944071 - 1994 - Traveltime and reaeration characteristics for a reach of the Rio Grande, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri944071","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4071","title":"Traveltime and reaeration characteristics for a reach of the Rio Grande, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 1991","docAbstract":"Traveltime characteristics were determined using stream-velocity data and tracer-dye data for a reach of the Rio Grande. Traveltimes determined by the stream-velocity method were virtually the same as those determined by the tracer-dye and tracer-gas technique. The mean velocity of the stream was 1.12 miles per hour at a flow of about 300 cubic feet per second. Reaeration characteristics were determined using a propane tracer gas and a tracer-dye (rhodamine WT). Reaeration coefficients were adjusted for water temperature and the effects of wind movement on the water surface. The peak method-adjusted reaeration-coefficient mean value for the reach was 7.0 per day and ranged from 4.6 to 8.3 per day. The area method-adjusted reaeration- coefficient mean value for the reach was 7.7 per day and ranged from 5.5 to 10.4 per day.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, [Water Resources Division, New Mexico District] ;\r\nCan be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri944071","usgsCitation":"Waltemeyer, S., 1994, Traveltime and reaeration characteristics for a reach of the Rio Grande, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4071, iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944071.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59143,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626a1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waltemeyer, S. D.","contributorId":65857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltemeyer","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24217,"text":"ofr94463 - 1994 - Source code and ancillary data files for the MODPATH particles tracking package of the ground-water flow model MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:22:39","indexId":"ofr94463","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-463","title":"Source code and ancillary data files for the MODPATH particles tracking package of the ground-water flow model MODFLOW","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Earth Science Information Center [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94463","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Pollock, D.W., 1994, Source code and ancillary data files for the MODPATH particles tracking package of the ground-water flow model MODFLOW (Version 3, Release 1.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-463, 2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94463.","productDescription":"2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0463/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53352,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0463/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277710,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0463/application.zip"}],"edition":"Version 3, Release 1.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e775e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}