The northern Gulf of Mexico contains many documented gas hydrate deposits near the sea floor. Although gas hydrate often is present in shallow subbottom sediment, the extent of hydrate occurrence deeper than 10 meters below sea floor in basins away from vents and other surface expressions is unknown. We obtained giant piston cores, box cores, and gravity cores and performed heat-flow analyses to study these shallow gas hydrate deposits aboard the RV Marion Dufresne in July 2002. This report presents measurements and interpretations from that cruise. Our results confirm the presence of gas hydrate in vent-related sediments near the sea bed. The presence of gas hydrate near the vents is governed by the complex interaction of regional and local factors, including heat flow, fluid flow, faults, pore-water salinity, gas concentrations, and sediment properties. However, conditions appropriate for extensive gas hydrate formation were not found away from the vents.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041358","usgsCitation":"Winters, W.J., Lorenson, T., and Paull, C.K., 2007, Initial report of the IMAGES VIII/PAGE 127 gas hydrate and paleoclimate cruise on the RV Marion Dufresne in the Gulf of Mexico, 2-18 July 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1358, Chapters 1-14; Appendixes A-N; Disclaimer; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041358.","productDescription":"Chapters 1-14; Appendixes A-N; Disclaimer; ReadMe","temporalStart":"2002-07-02","temporalEnd":"2002-07-18","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/of2004-1358/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041358.PNG"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.0,26.0 ], [ -98.0,32.0 ], [ -80.0,32.0 ], [ -80.0,26.0 ], [ -98.0,26.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66da3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":288171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76193,"text":"ofr20051121 - 2007 - Maps of Quadrangles 3060 and 2960, Qala-I-Fath (608), Malek-Sayh-Koh (613), and Gozar-E-Sah (614) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20051121","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1121","title":"Maps of Quadrangles 3060 and 2960, Qala-I-Fath (608), Malek-Sayh-Koh (613), and Gozar-E-Sah (614) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey and the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Maps of Quadrangles 3060 and 2960, Qala-I-Fath (608), Malek-Sayh-Koh (613), and Gozar-E-Sah (614) Quadrangles, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1121, 4 Maps: Varied Sizes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051121.","productDescription":"4 Maps: Varied Sizes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.5,29.5 ], [ 60.5,31 ], [ 62,31 ], [ 62,29.5 ], [ 60.5,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76183,"text":"ofr20051122 - 2007 - Maps of Quadrangles 3062 and 2962, Charburjak (609), Khanneshin (610), Gawdezereh (615), and Galachah (616) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20051122","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1122","title":"Maps of Quadrangles 3062 and 2962, Charburjak (609), Khanneshin (610), Gawdezereh (615), and Galachah (616) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey and the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Maps of Quadrangles 3062 and 2962, Charburjak (609), Khanneshin (610), Gawdezereh (615), and Galachah (616) Quadrangles, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1122, 4 Maps: Varied Sizes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051122.","productDescription":"4 Maps: Varied Sizes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10414,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62,29.25 ], [ 62,31 ], [ 64,31 ], [ 64,29.25 ], [ 62,29.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79394,"text":"ofr20061066 - 2006 - Distribution and abundance of California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) and signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in the Upper Redwood Creek Watershed, Marin County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T13:29:15.228739","indexId":"ofr20061066","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-20T09:35:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1066","displayTitle":"Distribution and Abundance of California Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) and Signal Crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in the Upper Redwood Creek Watershed, Marin County, California","title":"Distribution and abundance of California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) and signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in the Upper Redwood Creek Watershed, Marin County, California","docAbstract":"A survey was conducted in 1997-1998 to identify the distribution of non-native signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and larval California giant salamanders (Dicamptodon ensatus) within the upper Redwood Creek watershed (Marin County, California). The crayfish is widely distributed along the mainstem Redwood Creek. It was found in lower Fern Creek but not in any first order tributaries or above fish barriers. While present throughout the study area, larval California giant salamanders were found mainly in small headwater tributaries. Larval salamanders appear to use habitats in accordance to their availability, while signal crayfish were rarely found in shallow water habitats and appeared to prefer scour pools. Evidence of predation by signal crayfish on larval giant salamanders was found under confined conditions. Controlled laboratory and field experiments would be needed to determine whether competitive exclusion is occurring. Because of its widespread occurrence in the headwater streams surveyed in this project, California giant salamanders would be an appropriate indicator species for those interested in monitoring the health of small headwater streams. Future long-term monitoring using California giant salamanders should be based on permanent monitoring reaches with periodic basinwide habitat and animal surveys to determine if reaches are representative of basinwide conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061066","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Fong, D., and Howell, J.A., 2006, Distribution and abundance of California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) and signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in the Upper Redwood Creek Watershed, Marin County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1066, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061066.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8894,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1066/ofr20061066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1066/coverthb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.66666666666667,37.75 ], [ -122.66666666666667,38 ], [ -122.5,38 ], [ -122.5,37.75 ], [ -122.66666666666667,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"Original contributing office: Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","contact":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fong, Darren","contributorId":17715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Darren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, Judd A. jhowell@usgs.gov","contributorId":5728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Judd","email":"jhowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72263,"text":"ofr20051247 - 2006 - Relative Coastal Change-Potential Assessment of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T12:09:22.507404","indexId":"ofr20051247","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-30T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1247","displayTitle":"Relative Coastal Change-Potential Assessment of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","title":"Relative Coastal Change-Potential Assessment of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"A change-potential index (CPI) was used to map the relative coastal change-potential of the shoreline to future sea-level fluctuation within Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GBNPP) in southeastern Alaska. The CPI ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level change, historical shoreline change rates, mean tidal range and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each input variable were combined, and an index value calculated for 1-minute grid cells covering the park. The CPI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level and coastal change might be the greatest. This approach combines the coastal system's potential for change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, yielding a quantitative, although relative, measure of the park's natural susceptibility to the effects of sea-level variation. The CPI provides an objective method for evaluation and long-term planning by scientists and park managers. The CPI was developed from a Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) typically applied to coastlines experiencing long-term sea-level rise. The CPI is modified from the CVI and applied to the emergent coast of GBNPP to understand the limits of applying this type of assessment method in a variety of sea level settings. GBNPP consists of sand and gravel beaches, rock cliffs, calving glaciers, mudflats, and alluvial fans. The areas within GBNPP that are likely to be most susceptible to coastal change as a result of sea-level change are tidewater glaciers and outer coast shorelines of unconsolidated sediment where wave energy is highest and the regional coastal slope is shallowest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Thieler, E.R., and Williams, S.J., 2006, Relative Coastal Change-Potential Assessment of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1247, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051247.","productDescription":"29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384761,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1247/ofr20051247.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2005-1247"},{"id":193087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1247/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":8785,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1247/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
A change-potential index (CPI) was used to map the relative coastal change-potential of the shoreline to future sea-level changes within Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ) in south-central Alaska. The CPI ranks the following parameters in terms of their physical contribution to coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level change, historical shoreline change rates, mean tidal range, and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each input variable were combined, and an index value was calculated for 1-minute grid cells covering the park. The CPI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level and coastal changes might be the greatest. This multi-parametric approach combines the coastal system's potential for change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, yielding a quantitative, although relative, measure of the park's natural susceptibility to the effects of sea-level variation. The CPI provides an objective technique for evaluation and long-term planning by scientists and park managers. The CPI was developed from a Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) typically applied to coastlines undergoing long-term sea-level rise. The CPI is modified from the CVI and applied to the emergent coast of Kenai Fjords National Park to understand the limits of applying this type of assessment method in a variety of sea-level settings. Kenai Fjords National Park consists of sand and gravel beaches, rock cliffs, calving tidewater glaciers, mudflats, and alluvial fans. The areas within Kenai Fjords National Park that are likely to be most susceptible to coastal change as a result of sea-level change are tidewater glaciers and outer coast shorelines of unconsolidated sediment where shoreline erosion potential is high and wave energy is high.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041373","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Thieler, E.R., and Williams, S.J., 2006, Relative coastal change-potential assessment of Kenai Fjords National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1373, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041373.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384674,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1373/ofr20041373.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1373"},{"id":8051,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1373/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1373/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Fjords National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.4744873046875,\n 59.97425688709357\n ],\n [\n -149.7491455078125,\n 60.29429873400916\n ],\n [\n -150.22705078124997,\n 60.16064293693041\n ],\n [\n -150.545654296875,\n 59.88066847319146\n ],\n [\n -150.963134765625,\n 59.66219187669592\n ],\n [\n -151.10046386718747,\n 59.358395906039405\n ],\n [\n -150.919189453125,\n 59.2771080105117\n ],\n [\n -150.0018310546875,\n 59.65109171169264\n ],\n [\n -149.46350097656247,\n 59.9632601849119\n ],\n [\n -149.4744873046875,\n 59.97425688709357\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
On October 8, 2005, a M 7.6 earthquake near Muzafarrabad, Pakistan, triggered a landslide that dammed the Karli River and one of its tributaries about 4 km upstream of the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers near the town of Hattian Bala. The smaller dam on the tributary of the Karli River has been artificially breached and is no longer a hazard. When the larger dammed lake on the Karli River has filled enough to flow over the landslide blockage, it will have impounded about 60 million cubic meters of water. This lake will drain through the landslide dam as it breaches during the spring runoff or during the monsoon season in early summer. The inundation associated with the Karli River landslide dam breach endangers a substantial downstream population, particularly the population located in the vicinity of Hattian Bala at the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers. To help mitigate this hazard, we used an accurate two-dimensional flow model to simulate dambreak flows associated with three breach-rate downcutting scenarios, and estimated inundation depths and peak flow velocities. We superimposed inundation extents and other attributes on photographic images of the region to provide clear delineation of potential impacts on populated areas near the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R.P., O’Connell, D.R.H., and Jones, M., 2006, Summary of preliminary 2D inundation modeling for three Hattian landslide dam breach scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1094, 12 p., plus figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061094.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366616,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/ofr20061094_figs.html","text":"Figures 3–5, 7–42 ","linkHelpText":"— Large format plots."},{"id":366614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":366615,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/ofr20061094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"315 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-1094"}],"country":"Pakistan ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[75.15803,37.13303],[75.8969,36.66681],[76.19285,35.8984],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.87172,34.65354],[75.75706,34.50492],[74.2402,34.74889],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.10429,33.44147],[74.45156,32.7649],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.40593,31.69264],[74.42138,30.97981],[73.45064,29.97641],[72.82375,28.96159],[71.77767,27.91318],[70.6165,27.9892],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.16893,26.49187],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.8447,25.2151],[71.04324,24.35652],[68.8426,24.35913],[68.17665,23.69197],[67.44367,23.94484],[67.14544,24.66361],[66.37283,25.42514],[64.53041,25.23704],[62.9057,25.21841],[61.49736,25.07824],[61.87419,26.23997],[63.31663,26.75653],[63.2339,27.21705],[62.75543,27.37892],[62.72783,28.25964],[61.77187,28.69933],[61.36931,29.30328],[60.87425,29.82924],[62.54986,29.31857],[63.55026,29.46833],[64.148,29.34082],[64.35042,29.56003],[65.04686,29.47218],[66.34647,29.88794],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.93889,31.30491],[67.68339,31.30315],[67.79269,31.58293],[68.55693,31.71331],[68.92668,31.62019],[69.31776,31.90141],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.68715,33.1055],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.8818,33.98886],[71.15677,34.34891],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.84629,36.50994],[72.92002,36.72001],[74.06755,36.83618],[74.57589,37.02084],[75.15803,37.13303]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pakistan\"}}]}","contact":"Director, David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, Washington, 98683-9589
This map was created as part of a worldwide series of geologic maps for the U.S. Geological Survey’s World Energy Project, available on CD-ROM and through the Internet. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world. Geologic provinces were created for ranking purposes in the World Petroleum Assessment 2000 (U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000). A modified subset of these provinces are shown on the map, based on new bathymetric data and geologic knowledge. Geologic province boundaries are not intended to be taken for country boundaries or exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundaries. The USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000 - Description and Results can be found online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-060. Oil and gas fields are represented by a single geographic point in the center of the field and displays field type (oil or gas) only. The map includes three surface geology datasets, which were modified for display purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470L","usgsCitation":"French, C.D. and Schenk, C.J., 2006, Map showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Gulf of Mexico region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-L, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470L.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36 x 60 inches; Database; Metadata: ReadMe","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":368494,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/ofr97470L.pdf","text":"Map","size":"8.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8564,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/database.zip","size":"10.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":110672,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77647.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":368493,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/metadata.zip","size":"56.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":8565,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470L/readme.txt","size":"11.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 15\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 15\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","publishedDate":"2006-09-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5fae","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"French, Christopher D.","contributorId":8338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744004,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744005,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98862,"text":"ofr20061349 - 2006 - Genetic analyses of captive Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) using AFLP analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T14:18:58","indexId":"ofr20061349","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1349","title":"Genetic analyses of captive Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) using AFLP analyses","docAbstract":"Population level studies of genetic diversity can provide information about population structure, individual genetic distinctiveness and former population size. They are especially important for rare and threatened species like the Alala, where they can be used to assess extinction risks and evolutionary potential. In an ideal situation multiple methods should be used to detect variation, and these methods should be comparable across studies. In this report, we discuss AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) as a genetic approach for detecting variation in the Alala , describe our findings, and discuss these in relation to mtDNA and microsatellite data reported elsewhere in this same population.\n\nAFLP is a technique for DNA fingerprinting that has wide applications. Because little or no prior knowledge of the particular species is required to carry out this method of analysis, AFLP can be used universally across varied taxonomic groups. Within individuals, estimates of diversity or heterozygosity across genomes may be complex because levels of diversity differ between and among genes. One of the more traditional methods of estimating diversity employs the use of codominant markers such as microsatellites. Codominant markers detect each allele at a locus independently. Hence, one can readily distinguish heterozygotes from homozygotes, directly assess allele frequencies and calculate other population level statistics. Dominant markers (for example, AFLP) are scored as either present or absent (null) so heterozygotes cannot be directly distinguished from homozygotes. However, the presence or absence data can be converted to expected heterozygosity estimates which are comparable to those determined by codominant markers. High allelic diversity and heterozygosity inherent in microsatellites make them excellent tools for studies of wild populations and they have been used extensively. One limitation to the use of microsatellites is that heterozygosity estimates are affected by the mutation rate at microsatellite loci, thus introducing a bias. Also, the number of loci that can be studied is frequently limited to fewer than 10. This theoretically represents a maximum of one marker for each of 10 chromosomes. Dominant markers like AFLP allow a larger fraction of the genome to be screened. Large numbers of loci can be screened by AFLP to resolve very small individual differences that can be used for identification of individuals, estimates of pairwise relatedness and, in some cases, for parentage analyses. Since AFLP is a dominant marker (can not distinguish between +/+ homozygote versus +/- heterozygote), it has limitations for parentage analyses. Only when both parents are homozygous for the absence of alleles (-/-) and offspring show a presence (+/+ or +/-) can the parents be excluded. In this case, microsatellites become preferable as they have the potential to exclude individual parents when the other parent is unknown. Another limitation of AFLP is that the loci are generally less polymorphic (only two alleles/locus) than microsatellite loci (often >10 alleles/locus). While generally fewer than 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci are enough to exclude and assign parentage, it might require up to 100 or more AFLP loci. While there are pros and cons to different methodologies, the total number of loci evaluated by AFLP generally offsets the limitations imposed due to the dominant nature of this approach and end results between methods are generally comparable.\n\nOverall objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of genetic diversity in the captive population of Alala, to compare genetic data with currently available pedigree information, and to determine the extent of relatedness of mating pairs and among founding individuals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061349","usgsCitation":"Jarvi, S.I., and Bianchi, K.R., 2006, Genetic analyses of captive Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) using AFLP analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1349, iii, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061349.","productDescription":"iii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2006_1349.jpg"},{"id":14277,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":279111,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1349/of2006-1349.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvi, Susan I.","contributorId":47748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvi","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bianchi, Kiara R.","contributorId":97864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"Kiara","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98172,"text":"ofr20061260E - 2006 - Surficial Geologic Map of the Pocasset-Provincetown-Cuttyhunk-Nantucket 24-Quadrangle Area of Cape Cod and Islands, Southeast Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"ofr20061260E","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1260","chapter":"E","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Pocasset-Provincetown-Cuttyhunk-Nantucket 24-Quadrangle Area of Cape Cod and Islands, Southeast Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map layer shows the distribution of nonlithified earth materials at land surface in an area of 24 7.5-minute quadrangles (555 mi2 total) in southeast Massachusetts. Across Massachusetts, these materials range from a few feet to more than 500 ft in thickness. They overlie bedrock, which crops out in upland hills and as resistant ledges in valley areas. On Cape Cod and adjacent islands, these materials completely cover the bedrock surface. The geologic map differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics (such as grain size and sedimentary structures), constructional geomorphic features, stratigraphic relations, and age. Surficial earth materials significantly affect human use of the land, and an accurate description of their distribution is particularly important for assessing water resources, construction aggregate resources, and earth-surface hazards, and for making land-use decisions. This work is part of a comprehensive study to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale level of accuracy. This report includes explanatory text (PDF), quadrangle maps at 1:24,000 scale (PDF files), GIS data layers (ArcGIS shapefiles), metadata for the GIS layers, scanned topographic base maps (TIF), and a readme.txt file. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061260E","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of the State Geologist and Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs ","usgsCitation":"Stone, B.D., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2006, Surficial Geologic Map of the Pocasset-Provincetown-Cuttyhunk-Nantucket 24-Quadrangle Area of Cape Cod and Islands, Southeast Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1260, Report: iv, 19 p. ; Maps; GIS Files; TIFs; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061260E.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p. ; Maps; GIS Files; TIFs; ReadMe","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13416,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/E/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69.91666666666667,41.25 ], [ -69.91666666666667,42.916666666666664 ], [ -73.5,42.916666666666664 ], [ -73.5,41.25 ], [ -69.91666666666667,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, Mary L.","contributorId":45253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81295,"text":"ofr20051082B - 2006 - Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79523,"text":"ofr20051082 - 2006 - Ground-Water Levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","indexId":"ofr20051082","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-Water Levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":81295,"text":"ofr20051082B - 2006 - Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","indexId":"ofr20051082B","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T22:24:58.431265","indexId":"ofr20051082B","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1082","chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05","docAbstract":"In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a study of the hydrogeology of Huron County, Michigan (Sweat, 1991). In 1993, Huron County and the USGS entered into a continuing agreement to measure water levels at selected wells throughout Huron County. As part of the agreement, USGS has operated four continuous water-level recorders, installed from 1988 to 1991 on wells in Bingham, Fairhaven, Grant, and Lake Townships (fig. 1) and summarized the data collected in an annual or bi-annual report. The agreement was altered in 2003, and beginning January 1, 2004, only the wells in Fairhaven and Lake Townships retained continuous waterlevel recorders, while the wells in Grant and Bingham Townships reverted primarily to periodic or quarterly measurement status. USGS also has provided training for County or Huron Conservation District personnel to measure the water level, on a quarterly basis, in 25 wells. USGS personnel regularly accompany County or Huron Conservation District personnel to provide a quality assurance/quality control check of all measurements being made. Water-level data collected from the 25 periodically or quarterly-measured wells is summarized in an annual or bi-annual report. In 1998, the USGS also completed a temporal and spatial analysis of the monitoring well network in Huron County (Holtschlag and Sweat, 1998). \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe altitude of Lake Huron and precipitation are good indicators of general climatic conditions and, therefore, provide an environmental context for ground-water levels in Huron County. Figure 2 shows the mean-monthly water-level altitude of Lake Huron, averaged from measurements made by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at sites near Essexville or Harbor Beach, or both (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003-05), and monthly precipitation measured in Bad Axe (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003-05). In March 2003, a new low-water level for the period from 1991 through 2005 was measured in Lake Huron. There was almost no net change in the water level of Lake Huron from January 2004 through December 2005. In 2004, annual precipitation measured in Port Hope was about 3.7 inches above normal, but precipitation measured in Bad Axe was about 1.4 inches below normal. About 14.5 inches of precipitation was measured in Bad Axe during the 2004 summer growing season (May through August), which is about the same as was measured in Port Hope during the same period. Provisional precipitation totals for 2005 were 30.7 inches for January through November in Port Hope, and about 31.7 inches for the year in Bad Axe. About 10.6 inches of precipitation was measured in Bad Axe during the 2005 summer growing season, which is about 0.2 inches more than was recorded at Port Hope during the same period. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nTwo wells equipped with continuous-data recorders are completed in the Saginaw and Marshall aquifers in Fairhaven and Lake Townships, respectively. From January 2004 through December 2005, the net rise in the water level in the Fairhaven Township well was 0.71 ft, and the net rise in the Lake Township well was 0.98 ft. The Fairhaven Township well is drilled adjacent to Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), and, as previously noted, there was almost no net change in the water level in Saginaw Bay over the same period. Hydrographs showing water levels are presented for the two wells equipped with continuous-data recorders. Continuous-data recorders were discontinued in the Grant and Bingham Township wells at the end of 2003 due to budget constraints. The decision of which two wells to discontinue was based on an analysis of the intrinsic value to Huron County of data from each well. The Grant Township well was selected for periodic or quarterly measurement at that time because it is completed in the glacial aquifer, which is little used for drinking water purposes or absent in much of Huron County. The Bingham Township well, which is completed in the Marshall aquifer, was selected for","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051082B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Huron County, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Weaver, T.L., Crowley, S.L., and Blumer, S.P., 2006, Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1082, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051082B.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422662,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78802.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11337,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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This basin system formed during an abortive attempt to make a great ocean basin during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, and the eroded remnants of the basins record major episodes of sedimentation, igneous intrusion and eruption, and pervasive contact metamorphism. Altogether, some twenty nine basins formed between what is now Nova Scotia and Georgia. Many of these basins are discontinuous along their strike, and have therefore recorded isolated environments for fluvial and lacustrine sedimentation. \r\n\r\nSeveral basins (including the Culpeper, Gettysburg, and Newark basins) are fault-bounded on the west, and Mesozoic crustal stretching has produced assymetrical patterns of basin subsidence resulting in a progressive basin deepening to the west, and a virtual onlap relationship with the pre-basin Proterozoic rocks to the east. A result of such a pattern of basin deepening is the development of sequences of sandstones and siltstones that systemmatically increase in dip towards the accomodating western border faults. A second major structural theme in several of the major Mesozoic basins (including the Culpeper) concerns the geometry of igneous intrusion, as discussed below. Froelich (1982, 1985) and Lee and Froelich (1989) discuss the general geology of the Culpeper basin, and Smoot (1989) discusses the sedimentation environments and sedimentary facies of the Mesozoic with respect to fluvial and shallow lacustrine deposition in the Culpeper basin. Ryan and others, 2007a, b, discuss the role of diabase-induced compartmentalization in the Culpeper basin (and other Mesozoic basins), and illustrate (using alteration mineral suites within the diabase and adjacent hornfels, among other evidence) how this process has played a role in organizing the paleo- and contemporary-flow of crustal fluids at local and regional scales. Within this report, the Newark Supergroup nomenclature of Weems and Olsen (1997) is adopted.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061203","isbn":"9781411320314","usgsCitation":"Ryan, M.P., Pierce, H., Johnson, C.D., Sutphin, D., Daniels, D.L., Smoot, J.P., Costain, J.K., Coruh, C., and Harlow, G., 2006, Reconnaissance borehole geophysical, geological, and hydrological data from the proposed hydrodynamic compartments of the Culpeper Basin in Loudoun, Prince William, Culpeper, Orange, and Fairfax Counties, Virginia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1203, Report: vi, 43 p.; ReadMe; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061203.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 43 p.; ReadMe; Data Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402038,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83665.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11320,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Culpeper County, Fairfax County, Loudoun County, Orange County, Prince William County","otherGeospatial":"Culpeper Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.35,\n 38.1333\n ],\n [\n -77.29,\n 38.1333\n ],\n [\n -77.29,\n 38.45\n ],\n [\n -78.35,\n 38.45\n ],\n [\n -78.35,\n 38.1333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Michael P.","contributorId":77225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A.","contributorId":83093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutphin, David M.","contributorId":53769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smoot, Joseph P. 0000-0002-5064-8070 jpsmoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-8070","contributorId":2742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Joseph","email":"jpsmoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Costain, John K.","contributorId":70080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costain","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coruh, Cahit","contributorId":35032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coruh","given":"Cahit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harlow, George E. 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One objective of this research is to create techniques to survey coral reefs for the purposes of habitat mapping, ecological monitoring, change detection, ad event assessment (for example: bleaching, hurricanes, disease outbreaks). As part of this project, data from an innovative instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Airborne Advanced Research Lidar (EAARL) are being used. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in this realm for measuring water depth and conducting cross-environment surveys. High spectral resolution, water-column correction, and low costs were found to be key factors in providing accurate and affordable imagery to managers of coastal tropical habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061244","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Patterson, M., Nayegandhi, A., and Patterson, J., 2006, EAARL topography: Dry Tortugas National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1244, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061244.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061244.PNG"},{"id":11265,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392652,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83551.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.96703338623047,\n 24.59676796797931\n ],\n [\n -82.81013488769531,\n 24.59676796797931\n ],\n [\n -82.81013488769531,\n 24.68601657591216\n ],\n [\n -82.96703338623047,\n 24.68601657591216\n ],\n [\n -82.96703338623047,\n 24.59676796797931\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db6971e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Matt","contributorId":93982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patterson, Judd","contributorId":9358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Judd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":81226,"text":"ofr20061118 - 2006 - EAARL submarine topography: Biscayne National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T20:31:57.162693","indexId":"ofr20061118","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1118","title":"EAARL submarine topography: Biscayne National Park","docAbstract":"This lidar-derived submarine topography map was produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program, National Park Service (NPS) South Florida/Caribbean Network Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility. One objective of this research is to create techniques to survey coral reefs for the purposes of habitat mapping, ecological monitoring, change detection, and event assessment (for example: bleaching, hurricanes, disease outbreaks). As part of this project, data from an innovative instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Airborne Advanced Research Lidar (EAARL) are being used. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in this realm for measuring water depth and conducting cross-environment surveys. High spectral resolution, water-column correction, and low costs were found to be key factors in providing accurate and affordable imagery to managers of coastal tropical habitats.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061118","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Patterson, M., Nayegandhi, A., Patterson, J., Harris, M.S., and Mosher, L., 2006, EAARL submarine topography: Biscayne National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1118, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061118.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061118.PNG"},{"id":410569,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83554.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11268,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":295171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1118/start.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.28925125469101,\n 25.538068862733837\n ],\n [\n -80.28925125469101,\n 25.224617335223712\n ],\n [\n -80.1399700571653,\n 25.224617335223712\n ],\n [\n -80.1399700571653,\n 25.538068862733837\n ],\n [\n -80.28925125469101,\n 25.538068862733837\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Matt","contributorId":93982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patterson, Judd","contributorId":9358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Judd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harris, Melanie S.","contributorId":26032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mosher, Lance","contributorId":43877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosher","given":"Lance","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":80377,"text":"ofr20061137 - 2006 - Fish health study Ashtabula River natural resource damage assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T20:28:08.405932","indexId":"ofr20061137","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1137","title":"Fish health study Ashtabula River natural resource damage assessment","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe Ashtabula River is located in northeast Ohio, flowing into Lake Erie at Ashtabula, Ohio. Tributaries include Fields Brook, Hubbard Run, Strong Brook, and Ashtabula Creek. The bottom sediments, bank soils and biota of Fields Brook have been severely contaminated by unregulated discharges of hazardous substances. Hazardous substances have migrated downstream from Fields Brook to the Ashtabula River and Harbor, contaminating bottom sediments, fish and wildlife. There are presently more than 1,000,000 cubic yards of contaminated sediment in the Ashtabula River and Harbor, much of which originated from Fields Brook. Contaminants include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated benzenes, chlorinated ethenes, hexachlorobutadiene, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), other organic chemicals, heavy metals and low level radionuclides.\r\n\r\nA Preassessment Screen, using existing data, was completed for the Ashtabula River and Harbor on May 18, 2001. Among the findings was that the fish community at Ashtabula contained approximately 45 percent fewer species and 52 percent fewer individuals than the Ohio EPA designated reference area, Conneaut Creek. The Ashtabula River and Conneaut Creek are similar in many respects, with the exception of the presence of contamination at Ashtabula. The difference in the fish communities between the two sites is believed to be at least partially a result of the hazardous substance contamination at Ashtabula. In order to investigate this matter further, the Trustees elected to conduct a study of the status and health of the aquatic biological communities of the Ashtabula River and Conneaut Creek in 2002-2004. The following document contains brief method descriptions (more detail available in attached Appendix A) and a summary of the data used to evaluate the health status of brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) collected from the above sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061137","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L., and Baumann, P.C., 2006, Fish health study Ashtabula River natural resource damage assessment (Revised July 2006): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1137, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061137.","productDescription":"58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10200,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/midwest/es/ec/nrda/AshtabulaRiverNRDA/documents/Blazer%20Fish%20Health%20final.pdf","size":"3185","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":191989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Ashtabula River, Conneaut Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.82195281982422,\n 41.867259837816974\n ],\n [\n -80.77560424804688,\n 41.867259837816974\n ],\n [\n -80.77560424804688,\n 41.91198644177823\n ],\n [\n -80.82195281982422,\n 41.91198644177823\n ],\n [\n -80.82195281982422,\n 41.867259837816974\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.5678939819336,\n 41.937019660425264\n ],\n [\n -80.53253173828124,\n 41.937019660425264\n ],\n [\n -80.53253173828124,\n 41.97148811097608\n ],\n [\n -80.5678939819336,\n 41.97148811097608\n ],\n [\n -80.5678939819336,\n 41.937019660425264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revised July 2006","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, L. R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":43864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baumann, P. C.","contributorId":43297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumann","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80148,"text":"ofr20061075 - 2006 - Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Saguaro National Park, Rincon Mountain District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"ofr20061075","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1075","title":"Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Saguaro National Park, Rincon Mountain District","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nThis report summarizes the results of the first comprehensive inventory of plants and vertebrates at the Rincon Mountain District (RMD) of Saguaro National Park, Arizona. From 2001 to 2003 we surveyed for vascular plants and vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) at the district to document the presence of species within its boundaries. Park staff also surveyed for medium and large mammals using infrared-triggered cameras from 1999 to 2005. This report summarizes the methods and results of these two efforts. Our spatial sampling design was ambitious and was one of the first of its kind in the region to colocate study sites for vegetation and vertebrates using a stratified random design. We also chose the location of some study sites non-randomly in areas that we thought would have the highest species richness. Because we used repeatable study designs and standardized field methods, these inventories can serve as the first step in a biological monitoring program for the district. We also provide an important overview of most previous survey efforts in the district. We use data from our inventory and other surveys to compile species lists and to assess inventory completeness. \r\n\r\nWith the exception of plants, our survey effort was the most comprehensive ever undertaken in the district. We recorded a total of 801 plant and vertebrate species, including 50 species not previously found in the district (Table 1) of which five (all plants) are non-native species. Based on a review of our inventory and past research at the district, there have been a total of 1,479 species of plants and vertebrates found there. We believe inventories for all taxonomic groups are nearly complete. In particular, the plant, amphibian and reptile, and mammal species lists are the most complete of any comparably large natural area of the 'sky island' region of southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico.\r\n\r\nFor each taxon-specific chapter we discuss patterns of species richness and environmental determinants of these patterns. For all groups except medium and large mammals, the low elevation stratum (<4,000 feet) contained the highest species richness, after accounting for differences in survey effort among strata. This is consistent with known patterns of species richness in the sky island mountain ranges. Using data on relative abundance for plants and birds, we were able to identify a number of distinct ecological communities, which were consistent with known patterns in the sky islands.\r\n\r\nOur review of species lists and park records reveals that the district has lost species, particularly plants and mammals, in the past few decades. Because of the district's close proximity to the rapidly growing city of Tucson, there are a number of development-related threats that could cause additional species loss or decline in abundance of some species. In particular, the increasing groundwater pumping near Rincon Creek, the most species-rich area in the park, is likely to impact the unique riparian vegetation and animals of that area. We discuss this and other demands on the ecological integrity of the district. We also recommend additional inventory, monitoring, and research studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061075","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Powell, B., Halvorson, W.L., and Schmidt, C., 2006, Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Saguaro National Park, Rincon Mountain District (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1075, xvi, 156 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061075.","productDescription":"xvi, 156 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10299,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Brian F.","contributorId":25644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Brian F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halvorson, William Lee","contributorId":104992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Cecilia A.","contributorId":25645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Cecilia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80147,"text":"ofr20061163 - 2006 - Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:09","indexId":"ofr20061163","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1163","title":"Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nWe summarize past inventory efforts for vascular plants and vertebrates at Montezuma Castle National Monument (NM) in Arizona. We used data from previous research to compile complete species lists for the monument and to assess inventory completeness.\r\n\r\nThere have been 784 species recorded at Montezuma Castle NM, of which 85 (11%) are non-native.\r\n\r\nIn each taxon-specific chapter we highlight areas of resources that contributed to species richness or unique species for the monument. Of particular importance are Montezuma Well and Beaver and Wet Beaver creeks and the surrounding riparian vegetation, which are responsible for the monument having one of the highest numbers of bird species in the Sonoran Desert Network of park units. Beaver Creek is also home to populations of federally-listed fish species of concern. Other important resources include the cliffs along the creeks and around Montezuma Well (for cliff and cave roosting bats).\r\n\r\nBased on the review of past studies, we believe the inventory for most taxa is nearly complete, though some rare or elusive species will be added with additional survey effort. We recommend additional inventory, monitoring and research studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, C., Drost, C.A., and Halvorson, W.L., 2006, Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1163, x, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061163.","productDescription":"x, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60284f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Cecilia A.","contributorId":25645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Cecilia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halvorson, William Lee","contributorId":104992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80089,"text":"ofr20051167 - 2006 - Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Fort Bowie National Historic Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"ofr20051167","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1167","title":"Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Fort Bowie National Historic Site","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051167","usgsCitation":"Powell, B., Schmidt, C., and Halvorson, W.L., 2006, Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Fort Bowie National Historic Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1167, xi, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051167.","productDescription":"xi, 80 p.","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":101678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1167/report.pdf","size":"12964","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1167/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Brian F.","contributorId":25644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Brian F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Cecilia A.","contributorId":25645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Cecilia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halvorson, William Lee","contributorId":104992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80033,"text":"ofr20061239 - 2006 - Inventory of glaciers in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T11:23:55","indexId":"ofr20061239","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1239","title":"Inventory of glaciers in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"All perennial bodies of ice in the Sierra Nevada are listed and classified. The inventory includes 497 glaciers covering a total area of 50 square kilometers and 788 small ice bodies which do not meet the definition of a glacier, covering a total of 13 square kilometers. The listings include each ice body's drainage basin, location, orientation, altitude, area, and length the glaciers are also classified as to form, source, surface condition, and nature and activity of the terminus.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061239","usgsCitation":"Raub, W., Brown, C.S., and Post, A., 2006, Inventory of glaciers in the Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1239, Report: iv, 228 p.; 4 Plates: 42.0 x 42.0 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061239.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 228 p.; 4 Plates: 42.0 x 42.0 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"236","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061239.PNG"},{"id":9787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293685,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1239/pdf/OFR2006-1239.pdf"},{"id":293689,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1239/plates/FinalCentralSierraBasin.tif"},{"id":293690,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1239/plates/FinalSouthernComp.ai"},{"id":293687,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1239/plates/FinalCentralComp.ai"},{"id":293691,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1239/plates/FinalSouthSierraBasin.tif"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,36.0 ], [ -122.0,40.0 ], [ -117.0,40.0 ], [ -117.0,36.0 ], [ -122.0,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e493ce4b07f02db5899ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raub, William","contributorId":70494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raub","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, C. Suzanne","contributorId":19244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Suzanne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post, Austin","contributorId":90709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"Austin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79855,"text":"ofr20051026 - 2006 - Hydratools manual version 1.0, documentation for a MATLAB®-based post-processing package for the Sontek Hydra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T08:27:48","indexId":"ofr20051026","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1026","title":"Hydratools manual version 1.0, documentation for a MATLAB®-based post-processing package for the Sontek Hydra","docAbstract":"The Sediment Transport Instrumentation Group (STG) at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Woods Hole Science Center has a long-standing comitment to providing scientists with high quality oceanographic data. To meet this commitment, STG personnel are vigilant in checking data as well as hardware for signs of instrument malfunction. STG data sets are accompanied by processing histories to detail data processing procedures that may have modified the natural data signal while removing noise from the data.
\nThe history also allows the data to be reprocessed in the ligth of new insight into instrument function and moored conditions. This toolbox was compiled to meet these data quality commitments for data generated by Sontek Hydra systems using both ADV and PCADP probes.
\nIn the mid 1900's, the USGS Coastal and Marine Program began frequent deployments of Sontek Hydra systems in support of projects in estuaries, coastal, and continental shelf regions nationwide. Hydra data sets are large and complex in structure, and existing processing and editing tools consisted of fragments of MATLAB code written by USGS scientists to satisfy personal research needs.
\nThis code did not meet STG quality control criteria. This toolbox permits engineers and scientists to monitor data quality by:
\n1.\tprocessing data with interactive critical review;
\n2.\tpreserving data quality indicators;
\n3.\tpreserving minimally processed and partially processed versions of data sets.
\nSTG usually deploys ADV and PCADP probes configured as downward looking, mounted on bottom tripods, with the objective of measuring high-resolution near-bed currents. The velocity profiles are recorded with minimal internal data processing. Also recorded are parameters such as temperature, conductivity, optical backscatter, light transmission, and high frequency pressure. Sampling consists of high-frequency bursts(1–10 Hz) bursts of long duration (5–30 minutes) at regular and recurring intervals for a duration of 1 to 6 months. The result is very large data files, often 500 MB per Hydra, per deployment, in Sontek's compressed binary format.
\nThis section introduces the Hydratools toolbox and provides information about the history of the system's development. The USGS philosophy regarding data quality is discussed to provide an understating of the motivation for creating the system. General information about the following topics will also be discussed: hardware and software required for the system, basic processing steps, limitations of program usage, and features that are unique to the programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051026","usgsCitation":"Martini, M.A., Sherwood, C., Horwitz, R., Ramsey, A., Lightsom, F., Lacy, J., and Xu, J., 2006, Hydratools manual version 1.0, documentation for a MATLAB®-based post-processing package for the Sontek Hydra: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1026, Report: 49 p.; Data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051026.","productDescription":"Report: 49 p.; Data files","numberOfPages":"49","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":528,"text":"Pacific Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051026.PNG"},{"id":9575,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293466,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1026/zip/hydratools20apr06.zip"},{"id":293465,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1026/pdf/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, Chris","contributorId":45007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horwitz, Rachel","contributorId":40285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horwitz","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsey, Andree","contributorId":39069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Andree","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lightsom, Fran","contributorId":41053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Fran","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lacy, Jessie","contributorId":9356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":79833,"text":"ofr20061260B - 2006 - Surficial geologic map of the Salem Depot-Newburyport East-Wilmington-Rockport 16-quadrangle area in northeast Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T20:30:00.407327","indexId":"ofr20061260B","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1260","chapter":"B","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Salem Depot-Newburyport East-Wilmington-Rockport 16-quadrangle area in northeast Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map shows the distribution of nonlithified earth materials at land surface in an area of 16 7.5-minute quadrangles (total 658 mi2) in northeast Massachusetts. The geologic map differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics (grain size, sedimentary structures, mineral and rock-particle composition), constructional geomorphic features, stratigraphic relationships, and age. Surficial earth materials significantly affect human use of the land, and an accurate description of their distribution is particularly important for water resources, construction aggregate resources, earth-surface hazards assessments, and land-use decisions. This compilation of surficial geologic materials is an interim product that defines the areas of exposed bedrock, and the boundaries between glacial till, glacial stratified deposits, and overlying postglacial deposits. This work is part of a comprehensive study to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale level of accuracy. This report includes explanatory text (PDF), a regional map at 1:50,000 scale (PDF), quadrangle maps at 1:24,000 scale (PDF files), GIS data layers (ArcGIS shapefiles), metadata for the GIS layers, scanned topographic base maps (TIF), and a readme.txt file.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061260B","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of the State Geologist and Executive Office of Environmental Affairs","usgsCitation":"Stone, B.D., Stone, J., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2006, Surficial geologic map of the Salem Depot-Newburyport East-Wilmington-Rockport 16-quadrangle area in northeast Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1260, HTML Dcoument, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061260B.","productDescription":"HTML Dcoument","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9527,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/B/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110725,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81194.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81194"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Salem Depot - Newburyport East - Wilmington - Rockport 16-quadrangle area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.25,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -70.5739,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -70.5739,\n 42.8867\n ],\n [\n -71.25,\n 42.8867\n ],\n [\n -71.25,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68961e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway","contributorId":72793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet Radway","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, Mary L.","contributorId":45253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79798,"text":"ofr20061195 - 2006 - Surficial sediment character of the Louisiana offshore continental shelf region: A GIS compilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T20:11:59.812254","indexId":"ofr20061195","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1195","title":"Surficial sediment character of the Louisiana offshore continental shelf region: A GIS compilation","docAbstract":"The Louisiana coastal zone, comprising the Mississippi River delta plain stretching nearly 400 km from Sabine Pass at the Texas border east to the Chandeleur Islands at the Mississippi border, represents one of North America’s most important coastal ecosystems in terms of natural resources, human infrastructure, and cultural heritage. At the same time, this region has the highest rates of coastal erosion and wetland loss in the Nation due to a complex combination of natural processes and anthropogenic actions over the past century. Comparison of historical maps dating back to 1855 and recent aerial photography show the Louisiana coast undergoing net erosion at highly variable rates. Rates have increased significantly during the past several decades. Earlier published statewide average shoreline erosion rates were >6 m/yr; rates have increased recently to >10 m/yr. The increase is attributable to collective action of storms, rapid subsidence, and pervasive man-made alterations of the rivers and the coast. In response to the dramatic landloss, regional-scale restoration plans are being developed by a partnership of federal and state agencies for the delta plain that have the objectives of maintaining the barrier islands, reducing wetland loss, and enhancing the natural sediment delivery processes.
\nThere is growing awareness that the sustainability of coastal Louisiana's natural resources and human infrastructure depends on the successful restoration of natural geologic processes. Critical to the long term success of restoration is scientific understanding of the geologic history and processes of the coastal zone region, including interactions between the rivers, wetlands, coast, and inner shelf.
\nA variety of geophysical studies and mapping of Late Quaternary sedimentary framework and coastal processes by U.S. Geological Survey and other scientists during the past 50 years document that the Louisiana delta plain is the product of a complex history of cyclic delta switching by the Mississippi River and its distributaries over the past ~10,000 years that resulted in laterally overlapping deltaic depocenters. The interactions among riverine, coastal, and inner shelf processes have been superimposed on the Holocene transgression resulting in distinctive landforms and sedimentary sequences.
\nFour Holocene shelf-phase delta complexes have been identified using seismic reflection data and vibracores. Each delta complex is bounded by transgressive surfaces. Following each cycle of deposition and abandonment, the delta lobes undergo regional subsidence and marine reworking that forms transgressive coastal systems and barrier islands. Ultimately, the distal end of each of the abandoned delta lobes is marked by submerged marine sand bodies representing drowned barriers. These sand bodies (e.g. Ship Shoal, Outer Shoal, Trinity Shoal, Tiger Shoal, St. Bernard Shoal) offer the largest volumes and highest quality sand for beach nourishment and shoreline and wetlands restoration.
\nThese four large sand shoals on inner continental shelf, representing the reworked remnants of former prograded deltaic headlands that existed on the continental shelf at lower sea level, were generated in the retreat path of the Mississippi River delta plain during the Holocene transgression. Penland and others (1989) have shown these sand bodies represent former shoreline positions associated with lower still stands in sea level. Short periods of rapid relative sea-level rise led to the transgressive submergence of the shorelines which today can be recognized at the -10 m to -20 m isobaths on the Louisiana continental shelf. Trinity Shoal and Ship Shoal represent the -10 m middle-to-late Holocene shoreline trend, whereas Outer Shoal and the St. Bernard Shoals define the -20 m early Holocene shoreline trend (Penland and others, 1989). Collectively, these sand shoals constitute a large volume of high quality sandy sediment potentially suitable for barrier island nourishment and coastal restoration.
\nThe USGS has actively supported coastal and wetlands geologic research for the past two decades in partnership with universities (e.g., Louisiana State University, University of New Orleans), state agencies (e.g. Louisiana Geological Survey, Louisiana Department of Natural Resources), and private organizations (Williams and others, 1992a,b; Williams and Cichon, 1993; List and others, 1994). These studies have focused on regional-scale mapping of coastal and wetland change and developing a better understanding of the processes that cause coastal erosion and wetlands loss, particularly the rapid deterioration of Louisiana's barrier islands, estuaries, and wetlands environments. With a better understanding of these processes, the ability to model and predict erosion and wetlands loss will improve. More accurate predictions will, in turn, allow for proper management of coastal resources. Improved predictions will also allow for better assessments of the utility of different restoration alternatives.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061195","usgsCitation":"Williams, S.J., Arsenault, M.A., Buczkowski, B., Reid, J.A., Flocks, J., Kulp, M., Penland, S., and Jenkins, C.J., 2006, Surficial sediment character of the Louisiana offshore continental shelf region: A GIS compilation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1195, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061195.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061195.PNG"},{"id":295124,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1195/htmldocs/images/pdf/report.pdf"},{"id":9488,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395721,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81182.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Continental shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.4,\n 26.33\n ],\n [\n -88.2,\n 26.33\n ],\n [\n -88.2,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -94.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -94.4,\n 26.33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6893e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arsenault, Matthew A.","contributorId":22872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arsenault","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buczkowski, Brian J.","contributorId":40299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buczkowski","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, Jane A. 0000-0003-1771-3894 jareid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-3894","contributorId":2826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jane","email":"jareid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flocks, James","contributorId":62266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kulp, Mark A.","contributorId":16113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":290866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jenkins, Chris J.","contributorId":14066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}