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Gonadal intersex and other evidence of reproductive disruption were previously identified in white suckers (<i>Catostomus commersoni</i>) in Boulder Creek downstream from this WWTP effluent outfall. Fish were exposed within a mobile flow-through exposure laboratory in July 2005 and August 2006 to WWTP effluent (EFF), Boulder Creek water (REF), or mixtures of EFF and REF for up to 28 days. Primary (sperm abundance) and secondary (nuptial tubercles and dorsal fat pads) sex characteristics were demasculinized within 14 days of exposure to 50% and 100% EFF. Vitellogenin was maximally elevated in both 50% and 100% EFF treatments within 7 days and significantly elevated by 25% EFF within 14 days. The steroidal estrogens 17β-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and 17α-ethynylestradiol, as well as estrogenic alkylphenols and bisphenol A were identified within the EFF treatments and not in the REF treatment. These results support the hypothesis that the reproductive disruption observed in this watershed is due to endocrine-active chemicals in the WWTP effluent.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.007","usgsCitation":"Vajda, A., Barber, L.B., Gray, J.L., Lopez, E., Bolden, A., Schoenfuss, H., and Norris, D., 2011, Demasculinization of male fish by wastewater treatment plant effluent: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 103, no. 3-4, p. 213-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.007.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-013216","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Boulder","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.2021598815918,\n              40.03839224384298\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.17572402954102,\n              40.03839224384298\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.17572402954102,\n              40.05692083088936\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2021598815918,\n              40.05692083088936\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2021598815918,\n              40.03839224384298\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe79e4b0c8380cd4ed49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vajda, A.M.","contributorId":35961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vajda","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lopez, E.M.","contributorId":107520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bolden, A.M.","contributorId":91707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolden","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Norris, D.O.","contributorId":58475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036519,"text":"70036519 - 2011 - Mantle to surface degassing of alkalic magmas at Erebus volcano, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T17:16:07.029115","indexId":"70036519","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mantle to surface degassing of alkalic magmas at Erebus volcano, Antarctica","docAbstract":"<p><span>Continental intraplate volcanoes, such as Erebus volcano, Antarctica, are associated with extensional tectonics, mantle upwelling and high heat flow. Typically, erupted magmas are alkaline and rich in volatiles (especially CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>), inherited from low degrees of partial melting of mantle sources. We examine the degassing of the magmatic system at Erebus volcano using melt inclusion data and high temporal resolution open-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements of gas emissions from the active lava lake. Remarkably different gas signatures are associated with passive and explosive gas emissions, representative of volatile contents and redox conditions that reveal contrasting shallow and deep degassing sources. We show that this unexpected degassing signature provides a unique probe for magma differentiation and transfer of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-rich oxidised fluids from the mantle to the surface, and evaluate how these processes operate in time and space. Extensive crystallisation driven by CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;fluxing is responsible for isobaric fractionation of parental basanite magmas close to their source depth. Magma deeper than 4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>kbar equilibrates under vapour-buffered conditions. At shallower depths, CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-rich fluids accumulate and are then released either via convection-driven, open-system gas loss or as closed-system slugs that ascend and result in Strombolian eruptions in the lava lake. The open-system gases have a reduced state (below the QFM buffer) whereas the closed-system gases preserve their deep oxidised signatures (close to the NNO buffer).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.005","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Oppenheimer, C., Moretti, R., Kyle, P., Eschenbacher, A., Lowenstern, J.B., Hervig, R., and Dunbar, N.W., 2011, Mantle to surface degassing of alkalic magmas at Erebus volcano, Antarctica: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 306, no. 3-4, p. 261-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"271","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475291,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-00707142","text":"External 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,{"id":70033935,"text":"70033935 - 2011 - Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T11:26:13.146758","indexId":"70033935","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5215,"text":"Energy Procedia","onlineIssn":"1876-6102","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Monitoring a large volume CO<sub>2</sub> injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","title":"Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"sp000005\">\n<p>The Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) early project in western Mississippi has been testing monitoring tools and approaches to document storage efficiency and storage permanence under conditions of CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;EOR as well as downdip injection into brine. Denbury Onshore LLC is host for the study and has brought a depleted oil and gas reservoir, Cranfield Field, under CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;flood. Injection was started in July 2008 and has now achieved injection rates greater than 1.2 million tons/year though 23 wells, with cumulative mass injected as of August, 2010 of 2.2 million metric tons. Injection is into coarse grained fluvial deposits of the Cretaceous lower Tuscaloosa Formation in a gentle anticline at depths of 3300 m. A team of researchers from 10 institutions has collected data from five study areas, each with a different goal and different spatial and temporal scale.</p>\n<p>The Phase 2 study began at the start of injection and has been using pressure and temperature as a tool for assessing permanence mostly in the oil productive interval. Real-time read-out shows high sensitivity to distant changes in injection rate and confirms the geologic model of reservoir compartmentalization. Above-zone pressure monitoring &sim;120&nbsp;m above the injection interval is used to test the sensitivity of this approach for documentation of integrity of the confining system in an area of numerous well completions as pressure increase is induced in the reservoir by more than 70 bar.</p>\n<p>Monitoring of the High Volume Injection Test (HiVIT) area includes repeat measurements of aqueous geochemistry in the injection zone. Rock-water- CO<sub>2</sub>interactions in the reservoir as CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;dissolves are minimized by mineral &ldquo;armoring&rdquo; by abundant chlorite cement in high permeability reservoir sandstone. Geochemical monitoring of confined freshwater aquifers at depths of 70&ndash;100&nbsp;m is underway. Groundwater analysis focuses on assessment of the sensitivity of this method to detect leakage above background variability. A repeat seismic survey of the HiVIT is planned for late 2010 to assess saturation change especially in downdip brine-only areas.</p>\n<p>A study focused on feasibility of monitoring the shallow subsurface to separate leakage from normal complex surface fluxes is underway at an monitoring array installed in October 2009 to assess the interactions of recharge, soil gas, and shallow groundwater aquifers. Recent well re-entry and tracer injection will provide further information to interpret observed elevated deep-sourced methane.</p>\n<p>The Detailed Area Study (DAS) is collecting dense time-lapse data from closely-spaced three well array of an injector and two observation wells. The observation wells were completed with fiberglass casing to facilitate electrical resistance tomography (ERT) measurements, and a diverse array of instrumentation was both cemented behind casing and suspended on tubing. Injection started at the DAS December 1, 2009. We have measured pulsed neutron and resistivity via wireline, downhole and above-zone pressure, distributed temperature, and fluid chemistry including introduced pulses of perfluorocarbons, noble gases, and SF6 as tracers. Between wells, time-lapse crosswell seismic and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) are used to measure saturation change. The goals are to measure changes as fluids evolve from single phase (brine) to two phase (CO<sub>2</sub>&ndash;brine) in order to document linkages between pressure and sweep efficiency. A time-lapse VSP survey bridges the vertical resolution and areal coverage between cross-well and surface seismic. The repeat surveys for many tools are scheduled for September, 2010.</p>\n<p>Reservoir characterization based on cores, historic and new wireline log data, production history, hydrologic tests, fluid analysis, and a three-D seismic survey have been used in multiple numerical models to predict reservoir response in order to design effective monitoring strategies and optimize deployment. History matching of observed response to predicted response is used to interpret results and improve confidence in conceptual models and numerical approaches. Probabilistic methods have been used to assess the significant uncertainties resulting from reservoir heterogeneity.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>","conferenceTitle":"10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies","conferenceDate":"September 19-23, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Amsterdam","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.274","issn":"18766102","usgsCitation":"Hovorka, S.D., Meckel, T.A., Trevino, R.H., Lu, J., Nicot, J., Choi, J., Freeman, D., Cook, P., Daley, T.M., Ajo-Franklin, J.B., Freifeild, B.M., Doughty, C., Carrigan, C.R., La Brecque, D., Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J., Phelps, T.J., Yang, C., Romanak, K.D., Zhang, T., Holt, R.M., Lindler, J.S., and Butsch, R.J., 2011, Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA: Energy Procedia, v. 4, p. 3478-3485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.274.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3478","endPage":"3485","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.274","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.58477783203125,\n              31.005862904624205\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.99426269531249,\n              32.150036509965304\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.29937744140625,\n              32.26158802054523\n            ],\n            [\n     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H.","contributorId":37551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trevino","given":"Ramon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Jiemin","contributorId":175574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Jiemin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nicot, Jean-Philippe","contributorId":175575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicot","given":"Jean-Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Choi, Jong-Won","contributorId":175577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choi","given":"Jong-Won","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Freeman, David","contributorId":175584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cook, Paul","contributorId":175585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Daley, Thomas M.","contributorId":175586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B.","contributorId":30054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ajo-Franklin","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Freifeild, Barry M.","contributorId":42444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freifeild","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Doughty, Christine","contributorId":175587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doughty","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Carrigan, Charles R.","contributorId":7515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carrigan","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"La Brecque, Doug","contributorId":41662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"La Brecque","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Phelps, Tommy J.","contributorId":175588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phelps","given":"Tommy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Yang, Changbing","contributorId":175589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Changbing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Romanak, Katherine D.","contributorId":85417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanak","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Zhang, Tongwei","contributorId":107595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tongwei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Holt, Robert M.","contributorId":175591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Lindler, Jeffery S.","contributorId":40438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindler","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Butsch, Robert J.","contributorId":101098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butsch","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70036609,"text":"70036609 - 2011 - Regional long-term production modeling from a single well test, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-15T14:45:02","indexId":"70036609","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional long-term production modeling from a single well test, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"<p><span>Following the results from the open-hole formation pressure response test in the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well (Mount Elbert well) using Schlumberger's Modular Dynamics Formation Tester (MDT) wireline tool, the International Methane Hydrate Reservoir Simulator Code Comparison project performed long-term reservoir simulations on three different model reservoirs. These descriptions were based on 1) the Mount Elbert gas hydrate accumulation as delineated by an extensive history-matching exercise, 2) an estimation of the hydrate accumulation near the Prudhoe Bay L-pad, and 3) a reservoir that would be down-dip of the Prudhoe Bay L-pad and therefore warmer and deeper. All of these simulations were based, in part, on the results of the MDT results from the Mount Elbert Well. The comparison group's consensus value for the initial permeability of the hydrate-filled reservoir (</span><i>k</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.12&nbsp;mD) and the permeability model based on the MDT history match were used as the basis for subsequent simulations on the three regional scenarios. The simulation results of the five different simulation codes, CMG STARS, HydrateResSim, MH-21 HYDRES, STOMP-HYD, and TOUGH+HYDRATE exhibit good qualitative agreement and the variability of potential methane production rates from gas hydrate reservoirs is illustrated. As expected, the predicted methane production rate increased with increasing&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;reservoir temperature; however, a significant delay in the onset of rapid hydrate dissociation is observed for a cold, homogeneous reservoir and it is found to be repeatable. The inclusion of reservoir heterogeneity in the description of this cold reservoir is shown to eliminate this delayed production. Overall, simulations utilized detailed information collected across the Mount Elbert reservoir either obtained or determined from geophysical well logs, including thickness (37&nbsp;ft), porosity (35%), hydrate saturation (65%), intrinsic permeability (1000&nbsp;mD), pore water salinity (5&nbsp;ppt), and formation temperature (3.3–3.9&nbsp;°C). This paper presents the approach and results of extrapolating regional forward production modeling from history-matching efforts on the results from a single well test.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.01.015","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Anderson, B., Kurihara, M., White, M., Moridis, G.J., Wilson, S., Pooladi-Darvish, M., Gaddipati, M., Masuda, Y., Collett, T.S., Hunter, R., Narita, H., Rose, K., and Boswell, R., 2011, Regional long-term production modeling from a single well test, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 493-501, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.01.015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"501","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217558,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.01.015"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a537e4b0e8fec6cdbd8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, B.J.","contributorId":70914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurihara, M.","contributorId":54823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurihara","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, M.D.","contributorId":58125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moridis, G. J.","contributorId":64863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moridis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, S.J.","contributorId":93734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pooladi-Darvish, M.","contributorId":42455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pooladi-Darvish","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gaddipati, M.","contributorId":81346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddipati","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Masuda, Y.","contributorId":46339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masuda","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hunter, R.B.","contributorId":29538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Narita, H.","contributorId":105565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Narita","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rose, K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70036471,"text":"70036471 - 2011 - Impacts of changing food webs in Lake Ontario: Implications of dietary fatty acids on growth of alewives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T13:04:11","indexId":"70036471","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of changing food webs in Lake Ontario: Implications of dietary fatty acids on growth of alewives","docAbstract":"<p><span>Declines in the abundance and condition of Great Lakes Alewives have been reported periodically during the last two decades, and the reasons for these declines remain unclear. To better understand how food web changes may influence Alewife growth and Wisconsin growth model predictions, we fed Alewives isocaloric diets high in omega-6 fatty acids (corn oil) or high in omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil). Alewives were fed the experimental diets at either 1% (“low ration”) or 3% (“high ration”) of their wet body weight per day. After six weeks, Alewives maintained on the high ration diets were significantly larger than those fed the low ration diets. Moreover, Alewives given the high ration fish oil diet were significantly larger than those maintained on the high ration corn oil diet after six weeks of growth. Body lipid, energy density and total body energy of Alewives on the high ration diets were significantly higher than those fed the low ration diets, and total body energy was significantly higher in Alewives given the high ration fish oil diet compared to those on the high ration corn oil diet. The current Wisconsin bioenergetics model underestimated growth and overestimated food consumption by Alewives in our study. Alewife thiaminase activity was similar among treatment groups. Overall, our results suggest that future food web changes in Lake Ontario, particularly if they involve decreases in the abundance of lipid rich prey items such as </span><i>Mysis</i><span>, may reduce Alewife growth rates and total body energy due to reductions in the availability of dietary omega-3 fatty acids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634988.2011.598102","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Snyder, R., Demarche, C., and Honeyfield, D., 2011, Impacts of changing food webs in Lake Ontario: Implications of dietary fatty acids on growth of alewives: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 14, no. 3, p. 231-238, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2011.598102.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"238","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e4e4b0c8380cd61717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, R.J.","contributorId":28466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demarche, C.J.","contributorId":92900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demarche","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Honeyfield, D. C. 0000-0003-3034-2047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":73136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032472,"text":"70032472 - 2011 - Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70032472","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique has been successfully used for mapping surface deformations [1-2], but it has been normally limited to a measurement along the radar line-of-sight (LOS) direction. For this reason, it is impossible to determine the north (N-S) component of surface deformation because of using data from near-polar orbiting satellites, and it is not sufficient to resolve the parameters of models for earthquakes and volcanic activities because there is a marked trade-off among model parameters [3]. ?? 2011 KIEES.","largerWorkTitle":"2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011","conferenceTitle":"2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011","conferenceDate":"26 September 2011 through 30 September 2011","conferenceLocation":"Seoul","language":"English","isbn":"9788993246179","usgsCitation":"Jung, H., Lu, Z., and Lee, C., 2011, Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry, <i>in</i> 2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011, Seoul, 26 September 2011 through 30 September 2011, p. 30-31.","startPage":"30","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb34ae4b08c986b325cd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jung, H.-S.","contributorId":41068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"H.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, C.-W.","contributorId":31901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033905,"text":"70033905 - 2011 - Process-based, morphodynamic hindcast of decadal deposition patterns in San Pablo Bay, California, 1856-1887","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T13:01:39","indexId":"70033905","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Process-based, morphodynamic hindcast of decadal deposition patterns in San Pablo Bay, California, 1856-1887","docAbstract":"This study investigates the possibility of hindcasting-observed decadal-scale morphologic change in San Pablo Bay, a subembayment of the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA, by means of a 3-D numerical model (Delft3D). The hindcast period, 1856-1887, is characterized by upstream hydraulic mining that resulted in a high sediment input to the estuary. The model includes wind waves, salt water and fresh water interactions, and graded sediment transport, among others. Simplified initial conditions and hydrodynamic forcing were necessary because detailed historic descriptions were lacking. Model results show significant skill. The river discharge and sediment concentration have a strong positive influence on deposition volumes. Waves decrease deposition rates and have, together with tidal movement, the greatest effect on sediment distribution within San Pablo Bay. The applied process-based (or reductionist) modeling approach is valuable once reasonable values for model parameters and hydrodynamic forcing are obtained. Sensitivity analysis reveals the dominant forcing of the system and suggests that the model planform plays a dominant role in the morphodynamic development. A detailed physical explanation of the model outcomes is difficult because of the high nonlinearity of the processes. Process formulation refinement, a more detailed description of the forcing, or further model parameter variations may lead to an enhanced model performance, albeit to a limited extent. The approach potentially provides a sound basis for prediction of future developments. Parallel use of highly schematized box models and a process-based approach as described in the present work is probably the most valuable method to assess decadal morphodynamic development. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2009JF001614","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"van der Wegen, M., Jaffe, B.E., and Roelvink, J., 2011, Process-based, morphodynamic hindcast of decadal deposition patterns in San Pablo Bay, California, 1856-1887: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 116, no. F2, Article F02008; 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001614.","productDescription":"Article F02008; 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jf001614","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","volume":"116","issue":"F2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8d8ce4b0c8380cd7ecac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van der Wegen, M.","contributorId":106720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Wegen","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roelvink, J.A.","contributorId":92421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelvink","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034988,"text":"70034988 - 2011 - Arsenic in sediments, groundwater, and streamwater of a glauconitic Coastal Plain terrain, New Jersey, USA-Chemical \" fingerprints\" for geogenic and anthropogenic sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-03T19:22:54.817884","indexId":"70034988","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in sediments, groundwater, and streamwater of a glauconitic Coastal Plain terrain, New Jersey, USA-Chemical \" fingerprints\" for geogenic and anthropogenic sources","docAbstract":"<p><span>Glauconite-bearing deposits are found worldwide, but As levels have been determined for relatively few. The As content of glauconites in sediments of the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey can exceed 100</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg/kg, and total As concentrations (up to 5.95</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/L) found historically and recently in streamwaters exceed the State standard. In a major watershed of the Inner Coastal Plain, chemical “fingerprints” were developed for streambed sediments and groundwater to identify contributions of As to the watershed from geologic and anthropogenic sources. The fingerprint for streambed sediments, which included Be, Cr, Fe and V, indicated that As was predominantly of geologic origin. High concentrations of dissolved organic C, nutrients (and Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span>) in shallow groundwater indicated anthropogenic inputs that provided an environment where microbial activity released As from minerals to groundwater discharging to the stream. Particulates in streamwater during high flow constituted most of the As load; the chemical patterns for these particulates resembled the geologic fingerprint of the streambed sediments. The As/Cr ratio of these suspended particles likely indicates they derived not only from runoff, but from groundwater inputs, because As contributed by groundwater is sequestered on streambed sediments. Agricultural inputs of As were not clearly identified, although chemical characteristics of some sediments indicated vehicle-related inputs of metals. Sediment sampling during dry and wet years showed that, under differing hydrologic conditions, local anthropogenic fingerprints could be obscured but the geologic fingerprint, indicating glauconitic sediments as an As source, was robust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.034","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Reilly, P.A., Eberl, D.D., Blum, A., Bonin, J., Rosman, R., Hirst, B., Alebus, M., Cenno, K., and Gorska, M., 2011, Arsenic in sediments, groundwater, and streamwater of a glauconitic Coastal Plain terrain, New Jersey, USA-Chemical \" fingerprints\" for geogenic and anthropogenic sources: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 5, p. 763-776, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.034.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"776","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.034"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.5419921875,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.68505859374999,\n              39.095962936305476\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.06982421875,\n              39.757879992021756\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.916015625,\n              40.212440718286466\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.5751953125,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.21240234375,\n              39.87601941962116\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5419921875,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed94e4b0c8380cd498b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia jbarring@usgs.gov","contributorId":169542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia","email":"jbarring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonin, J.L. 0000-0002-5813-3549","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5813-3549","contributorId":55642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosman, Robert 0000-0001-5042-1872 rrosman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-1872","contributorId":2846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"Robert","email":"rrosman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hirst, B.","contributorId":78555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirst","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Alebus, M.","contributorId":84166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alebus","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cenno, K.","contributorId":66919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cenno","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gorska, M.","contributorId":87773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorska","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70032362,"text":"70032362 - 2011 - Linking landscape characteristics to local grizzly bear abundance using multiple detection methods in a hierarchical model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T13:35:21","indexId":"70032362","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking landscape characteristics to local grizzly bear abundance using multiple detection methods in a hierarchical model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Few studies link habitat to grizzly bear&nbsp;</span><i>Ursus arctos</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>abundance and these have not accounted for the variation in detection or spatial autocorrelation. We collected and genotyped bear hair in and around Glacier National Park in northwestern Montana during the summer of 2000. We developed a hierarchical Markov chain Monte Carlo model that extends the existing occupancy and count models by accounting for (1) spatially explicit variables that we hypothesized might influence abundance; (2) separate sub-models of detection probability for two distinct sampling methods (hair traps and rub trees) targeting different segments of the population; (3) covariates to explain variation in each sub-model of detection; (4) a conditional autoregressive term to account for spatial autocorrelation; (5) weights to identify most important variables. Road density and per cent mesic habitat best explained variation in female grizzly bear abundance; spatial autocorrelation was not supported. More female bears were predicted in places with lower road density and with more mesic habitat. Detection rates of females increased with rub tree sampling effort. Road density best explained variation in male grizzly bear abundance and spatial autocorrelation was supported. More male bears were predicted in areas of low road density. Detection rates of males increased with rub tree and hair trap sampling effort and decreased over the sampling period. We provide a new method to (1) incorporate multiple detection methods into hierarchical models of abundance; (2) determine whether spatial autocorrelation should be included in final models. Our results suggest that the influence of landscape variables is consistent between habitat selection and abundance in this system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ZSL","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00471.x","issn":"13679430","usgsCitation":"Graves, T., Kendall, K.C., Royle, J., Stetz, J., and Macleod, A., 2011, Linking landscape characteristics to local grizzly bear abundance using multiple detection methods in a hierarchical model: Animal Conservation, v. 14, no. 6, p. 652-664, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00471.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"664","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-016643","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213936,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00471.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47d6e4b0c8380cd679f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, T.A.","contributorId":93286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":138865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stetz, J.B.","contributorId":74207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Macleod, A.C.","contributorId":41660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macleod","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034401,"text":"70034401 - 2011 - Fluoride geochemistry of thermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. Aqueous fluoride speciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:41:22","indexId":"70034401","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluoride geochemistry of thermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. Aqueous fluoride speciation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thermal water samples from Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have a wide range of pH (1–10), temperature, and high concentrations of fluoride (up to 50</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg/l). High fluoride concentrations are found in waters with field pH higher than 6 (except those in Crater Hills) and temperatures higher than 50</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>°C based on data from more than 750 water samples covering most thermal areas in YNP from 1975 to 2008. In this study, more than 140 water samples from YNP collected in 2006–2009 were analyzed for free-fluoride activity by ion-selective electrode (ISE) method as an independent check on the reliability of fluoride speciation calculations. The free to total fluoride concentration ratio ranged from &lt;1% at low pH values to &gt;99% at high pH. The wide range in fluoride activity can be explained by strong complexing with H</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and Al</span><sup>3+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>under acidic conditions and lack of complexing under basic conditions. Differences between the free-fluoride activities calculated with the WATEQ4F code and those measured by ISE were within 0.3–30% for more than 90% of samples at or above 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>molar, providing corroboration for chemical speciation models for a wide range of pH and chemistry of YNP thermal waters. Calculated speciation results show that free fluoride, F</span><sup>−</sup><span>, and major complexes (</span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>HF</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>(</mo><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>aq</mtext><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>)</mo></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">HF(aq)0</span></span><span>, AlF</span><sup>2+</sup><span>,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>AlF</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">AlF2+</span></span><span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>AlF</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>3</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">AlF30</span></span><span>) account for more than 95% of total fluoride. Occasionally, some complex species like<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>AlF</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">AlF4-</span></span><span>, FeF</span><sup>2+</sup><span>,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>FeF</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">FeF2+</span></span><span>, MgF</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>BF</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>(</mo><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>OH</mtext><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>)</mo></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">BF2(OH)2-</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>may comprise 1–10% when the concentrations of the appropriate components are high. According to the simulation results by PHREEQC and calculated results, the ratio of main fluoride species to total fluoride varies as a function of pH and the concentrations and ratios of F and Al.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.028","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Deng, Y., Nordstrom, D.K., and McCleskey, R.B., 2011, Fluoride geochemistry of thermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. Aqueous fluoride speciation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 16, p. 4476-4489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.028.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4476","endPage":"4489","ipdsId":"IP-023276","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.05255126953125,\n              44.1151978766043\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.12695312499999,\n              44.1151978766043\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.12695312499999,\n              44.990055522906864\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05255126953125,\n              44.990055522906864\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05255126953125,\n              44.1151978766043\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1288e4b0c8380cd54343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deng, Y.","contributorId":57686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deng","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036191,"text":"70036191 - 2011 - Planktivory in the changing Lake Huron zooplankton community: Bythotrephes consumption exceeds that of Mysis and fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036191","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planktivory in the changing Lake Huron zooplankton community: Bythotrephes consumption exceeds that of Mysis and fish","docAbstract":"Oligotrophic lakes are generally dominated by calanoid copepods because of their competitive advantage over cladocerans at low prey densities. Planktivory also can alter zooplankton community structure. We sought to understand the role of planktivory in driving recent changes to the zooplankton community of Lake Huron, a large oligotrophic lake on the border of Canada and the United States. We tested the hypothesis that excessive predation by fish (rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, bloater Coregonus hoyi) and invertebrates (Mysis relicta, Bythotrephes longimanus) had driven observed declines in cladoceran and cyclopoid copepod biomass between 2002 and 2007. We used a field sampling and bioenergetics modelling approach to generate estimates of daily consumption by planktivores at two 91-m depth sites in northern Lake Huron, U.S.A., for each month, May-October 2007. Daily consumption was compared to daily zooplankton production. Bythotrephes was the dominant planktivore and estimated to have eaten 78% of all zooplankton consumed. Bythotrephes consumption exceeded total zooplankton production between July and October. Mysis consumed 19% of all the zooplankton consumed and exceeded zooplankton production in October. Consumption by fish was relatively unimportant - eating only 3% of all zooplankton consumed. Because Bythotrephes was so important, we explored other consumption estimation methods that predict lower Bythotrephes consumption. Under this scenario, Mysis was the most important planktivore, and Bythotrephes consumption exceeded zooplankton production only in August. Our results provide no support for the hypothesis that excessive fish consumption directly contributed to the decline of cladocerans and cyclopoid copepods in Lake Huron. Rather, they highlight the importance of invertebrate planktivores in structuring zooplankton communities, especially for those foods webs that have both Bythotrephes and Mysis. Together, these species occupy the epi-, meta- and hypolimnion, leaving limited refuge for zooplankton prey. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02568.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Hunter, R.D., Warner, D., Chriscinske, M., and Roseman, E., 2011, Planktivory in the changing Lake Huron zooplankton community: Bythotrephes consumption exceeds that of Mysis and fish: Freshwater Biology, v. 56, no. 7, p. 1281-1296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02568.x.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1296","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218190,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02568.x"},{"id":246176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7bbee4b0c8380cd795d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, D.B.","contributorId":8610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, R. Douglas","contributorId":49183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, D.M.","contributorId":40412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chriscinske, M.A.","contributorId":53166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chriscinske","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roseman, E.F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":76531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"E.F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034140,"text":"70034140 - 2011 - Constraints on mechanisms for the growth of gully alcoves in Gasa crater, Mars, from two-dimensional stability assessments of rock slopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034140","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on mechanisms for the growth of gully alcoves in Gasa crater, Mars, from two-dimensional stability assessments of rock slopes","docAbstract":"The value of slope stability analyses for gaining insight into the geologic conditions that would facilitate the growth of gully alcoves on Mars is demonstrated in Gasa crater. Two-dimensional limit equilibrium methods are used in conjunction with high-resolution topography derived from stereo High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery. These analyses reveal three conditions that may produce observed alcove morphologies through slope failure: (1) a ca &gt;10m thick surface layer that is either saturated with H2O ground ice or contains no groundwater/ice at all, above a zone of melting H2O ice or groundwater and under dynamic loading (i.e., seismicity), (2) a 1-10m thick surface layer that is saturated with either melting H2O ice or groundwater and under dynamic loading, or (3) a &gt;100m thick surface layer that is saturated with either melting H2O ice or groundwater and under static loading. This finding of three plausible scenarios for slope failure demonstrates how the triggering mechanisms and characteristics of future alcove growth would be affected by prevailing environmental conditions. HiRISE images also reveal normal faults and other fractures tangential to the crowns of some gully alcoves that are interpreted to be the result of slope instability, which may facilitate future slope movement. Stability analyses show that the most failure-prone slopes in this area are found in alcoves that are adjacent to crown fractures. Accordingly, crown fractures appear to be a useful indicator of those alcoves that should be monitored for future landslide activity. ?? 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.025","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Okubo, C., Tornabene, L., and Lanza, N., 2011, Constraints on mechanisms for the growth of gully alcoves in Gasa crater, Mars, from two-dimensional stability assessments of rock slopes: Icarus, v. 211, no. 1, p. 207-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.025.","startPage":"207","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216547,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.025"}],"volume":"211","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0ce4b0c8380cd4d8db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okubo, C.H.","contributorId":85703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tornabene, L.L.","contributorId":99679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornabene","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanza, N.L.","contributorId":33530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanza","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036409,"text":"70036409 - 2011 - Volcanism on Io: New insights from global geologic mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-09T14:48:49","indexId":"70036409","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanism on Io: New insights from global geologic mapping","docAbstract":"<p><span>We produced the first complete, 1:15</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>M-scale global geologic map of Jupiter’s moon Io, based on a set of monochrome and color&nbsp;</span><i>Galileo</i><span>–</span><i>Voyager</i><span>&nbsp;image mosaics produced at a spatial resolution of 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km/pixel. The surface of Io was mapped into 19 units based on albedo, color and surface morphology, and is subdivided as follows: plains (65.8% of surface), lava flow fields (28.5%), mountains (3.2%), and patera floors (2.5%). Diffuse deposits (DD) that mantle the other units cover ∼18% of Io’s surface, and are distributed as follows: red (8.6% of surface), white (6.9%), yellow (2.1%), black (0.6%), and green (∼0.01%). Analyses of the geographical and areal distribution of these units yield a number of results, summarized below. (1) The distribution of plains units of different colors is generally geographically constrained: Red–brown plains occur &gt;±30° latitude, and are thought to result from enhanced alteration of other units induced by radiation coming in from the poles. White plains (possibly dominated by SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><span>+</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>contaminants) occur mostly in the equatorial antijovian region (±30°, 90–230°W), possibly indicative of a regional cold trap. Outliers of white, yellow, and red–brown plains in other regions may result from long-term accumulation of white, yellow, and red diffuse deposits, respectively. (2) Bright (possibly sulfur-rich) flow fields make up 30% more lava flow fields than dark (presumably silicate) flows (56.5% vs. 43.5%), and only 18% of bright flow fields occur within 10</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km of dark flow fields. These results suggest that secondary sulfurous volcanism (where a bright-dark association is expected) could be responsible for only a fraction of Io’s recent bright flows, and that primary sulfur-rich effusions could be an important component of Io’s recent volcanism. An unusual concentration of bright flows at ∼45–75°N, ∼60–120°W could be indicative of more extensive primary sulfurous volcanism in the recent past. However, it remains unclear whether most bright flows are bright because they are sulfur flows, or because they are cold&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Silicates\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/silicates\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/silicates\">silicate</a>&nbsp;flows covered in sulfur-rich particles from plume fallout. (3) We mapped 425 paterae (volcano-tectonic depressions), up from 417 previously identified by Radebaugh et al. (Radebaugh, J., Keszthelyi, L.P., McEwen, A.S., Turtle, E.P., Jaeger, W., Milazzo, M. [2001]. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 33005–33020). Although these features cover only 2.5% of Io’s surface, they correspond to 64% of all detected hot spots; 45% of all hot spots are associated with the freshest dark patera floors, reflecting the importance of active silicate volcanism to Io’s heat flow. (4) Mountains cover only ∼3% of the surface, although the transition from mountains to plains is gradational with the available imagery. 49% of all mountains are lineated and presumably layered, showing evidence of linear structures supportive of a tectonic origin. In contrast, only 6% of visible mountains are mottled (showing hummocks indicative of mass wasting) and 4% are tholi (domes or shields), consistent with a volcanic origin. (5) Initial analyses of the geographic distributions of map units show no significant longitudinal variation in the quantity of Io’s mountains or paterae, in contrast to earlier studies. This is because we use the area of mountain and patera materials as opposed to the number of structures, and our result suggests that the previously proposed anti-correlation of mountains and paterae (Schenk, P., Hargitai, H., Wilson, R., McEwen, A., Thomas, P. [2001]. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 33201–33222; Kirchoff, M.R., McKinnon, W.B., Schenk, P.M. [2011]. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 301, 22–30) is more complex than previously thought. There is also a slight decrease in surface area of lava flows toward the poles of Io, perhaps indicative of variations in volcanic activity. (6) The freshest bright and dark flows make up about 29% of all of Io’s flow fields, suggesting active emplacement is occurring in less than a third of Io’s visible lava fields. (7) About 47% of Io’s diffuse deposits (by area) are red, presumably deriving their color from condensed sulfur gas, and ∼38% are white, presumably dominated by condensed SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. The much greater areal extent of gas-derived diffuse deposits (red</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>+</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>white, 85%) compared to presumably pyroclast-bearing diffuse deposits (dark (silicate tephra)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>+</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>yellow (sulfur-rich tephra), 15%) indicates that there is effective separation between the transport of tephra and gas in many Ionian explosive eruptions. Future improvements in the geologic mapping of Io can be obtained via (a) investigating the relationships between different color/material units that are geographically and temporally associated, (b) better analysis of the temporal variations in the map units, and (c) additional high-resolution images (spatial resolutions ∼200</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m/pixel or better). These improvements would be greatly facilitated by new data, which could be obtained by future missions.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.007","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Williams, D., Keszthelyi, L., Crown, D.A., Yff, J.A., Jaeger, W.L., Schenk, P.M., Geissler, P.E., and Becker, T.L., 2011, Volcanism on Io: New insights from global geologic mapping: Icarus, v. 214, no. 1, p. 91-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.007.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.007"}],"volume":"214","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc322e4b08c986b32af90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, David A.","contributorId":84604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crown, David A.","contributorId":196622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24732,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yff, Jessica A.","contributorId":9098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yff","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schenk, Paul M.","contributorId":196626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geissler, Paul E. pgeissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","email":"pgeissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Becker, Tammy L. tbecker@usgs.gov","contributorId":4388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Tammy","email":"tbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033817,"text":"70033817 - 2011 - Woody invasions of urban trails and the changing face of urban forests in the great plains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:06:47","indexId":"70033817","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woody invasions of urban trails and the changing face of urban forests in the great plains, USA","docAbstract":"Corridors such as roads and trails can facilitate invasions by non-native plant species. The open, disturbed habitat associated with corridors provides favorable growing conditions for many non-native plant species. Bike trails are a corridor system common to many urban areas that have not been studied for their potential role in plant invasions. We sampled five linear segments of urban forest along bike trails in Lincoln, Nebraska to assess the invasion of woody non-native species relative to corridors and to assess the composition of these urban forests. The most abundant plant species were generally native species, but five non-native species were also present: white mulberry (Morus alba), common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima), honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.) and elm (Ulmus spp.). The distribution of two of the woody species sampled, common buckthorn and honeysuckle, significantly decreased with increasing distance from a source patch of vegetation (P = 0.031 and 0.030). These linear habitats are being invaded by non-native tree and shrub species, which may change the structure of these urban forest corridors. If non-native woody plant species become abundant in the future, they may homogenize the plant community and reduce native biodiversity in these areas. ?? 2011 American Midland Naturalist.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-165.2.241","usgsCitation":"Nemec, K., Allen, C.R., Alai, A., Clements, G., Kessler, A., Kinsell, T., Major, A., and Stephen, B., 2011, Woody invasions of urban trails and the changing face of urban forests in the great plains, USA: American Midland Naturalist, v. 165, no. 2, p. 241-256, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-165.2.241.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"256","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1b1e4b08c986b32f559","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nemec, K.T.","contributorId":53183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemec","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alai, A.","contributorId":50744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alai","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clements, G.","contributorId":69797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kessler, A.C.","contributorId":56864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kinsell, T.","contributorId":107950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinsell","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Major, A.","contributorId":9846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stephen, B.J.","contributorId":74976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephen","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035785,"text":"70035785 - 2011 - Hapke modeling of Rhea surface properties through Cassini-VIMS spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T21:21:57.375458","indexId":"70035785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hapke modeling of Rhea surface properties through Cassini-VIMS spectra","docAbstract":"<p>T<span>The surface properties of the icy bodies in the saturnian system have been investigated by means of the Cassini-VIMS (Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) hyperspectral imager which operates in the 0.35–5.1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm wavelength range. In particular, we have analyzed 111 full disk hyperspectral images of Rhea ranging in solar phase between 0.08° and 109.8°. These data have been previously analyzed by Filacchione et al. (Filacchione, G. et al. [2007]. Icarus 186, 259–290; Filacchione, G. et al. [2010]. Icarus 206, 507–523) to study, adopting various “spectral indicators” (such as spectral slopes, band depth, and continuum level), the relations among various saturnian satellites. As a further step we proceed in this paper to a quantitative evaluation of the physical parameters determining the spectrophotometric properties of Rhea’s surface. To do this we have applied Hapke (Hapke, B. [1993]. Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy, Topics in Remote Sensing: 3. Springer, Berlin) IMSA model (Isotropic Multiple Scattering Approximation) which allow us to model the phase function at VIS–IR (visible–infrared) wavelengths as well as the spectra taking into account various types of mixtures of surface materials. Thanks to this method we have been able to constrain the size of water ice particles covering the surface, the amount of organic contaminants, the large scale surface roughness and the opposition effect surge. From our analysis it appears that wavelength dependent parameters, e.g. opposition surge width (</span><i>h</i><span>) and single-particle phase function parameters (</span><i>b</i><span>,</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i>v</i><span>), are strongly correlated to the estimated single-scattering albedo of particles. For Rhea the best fit solution is obtained by assuming: (1) an intraparticle mixture of crystalline water ice and a small amount (0.4%) of Triton tholin; (2) a monodisperse grain size distribution having a particle diameter&nbsp;</span><i>a<sub>m</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>38</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm; and (3) a surface roughness parameter value of 33°. The study of phase function shows that both shadow hiding and coherent backscattering contribute to the opposition surge. This study represents the first attempt, in the case of Rhea, to join the spectral and the photometric analysis. The surface model we derived gives a good quantitative description of both spectrum and phase curve of the satellite. The same approach and model, with appropriate modifications, shall be applied to VIMS data of the other icy satellites of Saturn, in order to reveal similarities and differences in the surface characteristics to understand how these bodies interact with their environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.010","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Ciarniello, M., Capaccioni, F., Filacchione, G., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Tosi, F., and Stephan, K., 2011, Hapke modeling of Rhea surface properties through Cassini-VIMS spectra: Icarus, v. 214, no. 2, p. 541-555, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.010.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"555","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475202,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00786875","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216078,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.010"}],"volume":"214","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f6fe4b0c8380cd5cdb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ciarniello, M.","contributorId":83355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciarniello","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tosi, F.","contributorId":9472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tosi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34654,"text":"Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":452367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stephan, K.","contributorId":8976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70034871,"text":"70034871 - 2011 - Preparing for a \"Big One\": The great southern California shakeout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-09T20:15:21.718028","indexId":"70034871","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preparing for a \"Big One\": The great southern California shakeout","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Great Southern California ShakeOut was a week of special events featuring the largest earthquake drill in United States history. On November 13, 2008, over 5 million Southern Californians pretended that the magnitude-7.8 ShakeOut scenario earthquake was occurring and practiced actions derived from results of the ShakeOut Scenario, to reduce the impact of a real, San Andreas Fault event. The communications campaign was based on four principles: 1) consistent messaging from multiple sources; 2) visual reinforcement: 3) encouragement of “milling”; and 4) focus on concrete actions. The goals of the ShakeOut established in Spring 2008 were: 1) to register 5 million people to participate in the drill; 2) to change the culture of earthquake preparedness in Southern California; and 3) to reduce earthquake losses in Southern California. Over 90% of the registrants surveyed the next year reported improvement in earthquake preparedness at their organization as a result of the ShakeOut.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/1.3586819","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.M., and Benthien, M., 2011, Preparing for a \"Big One\": The great southern California shakeout: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. 2, p. 575-595, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3586819.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"595","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3586819"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.88281249999999,\n              38.89103282648846\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.74999999999999,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.24609374999999,\n              32.175612478499325\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              32.84267363195431\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.818359375,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.88281249999999,\n              38.89103282648846\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b2be4b0c8380cd7e19f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benthien, M.","contributorId":80923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthien","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034841,"text":"70034841 - 2011 - Reservoir characterization of the Mt. Simon Sandstone, Illinois Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-15T11:38:14.910317","indexId":"70034841","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reservoir characterization of the Mt. Simon Sandstone, Illinois Basin, USA","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp000005\">The integration of open hole well log analyses, core analyses and pressure transient analyses was used for reservoir characterization of the Mt. Simon sandstone. Characterization of the injection interval provides the basis for a geologic model to support the baseline MVA model, specify pressure design requirements of surface equipment, develop completion strategies, estimate injection rates, and project the CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>plume distribution.</p><p id=\"sp000010\">The Cambrian-age Mt. Simon Sandstone overlies the Precambrian granite basement of the Illinois Basin. The Mt. Simon is relatively thick formation exceeding 800&nbsp;meters in some areas of the Illinois Basin. In the deeper part of the basin where sequestration is likely to occur at depths exceeding 1000&nbsp;m, horizontal core permeability ranges from less than 1×10<sup>−12</sup>&nbsp;cm<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to greater than 1×10<sup>−8</sup>&nbsp;cm<sup>2</sup>. Well log and core porosity can be up to 30% in the basal Mt. Simon reservoir.</p><p id=\"sp000015\">For modeling purposes, reservoir characterization includes absolute horizontal and vertical permeability, effective porosity, net and gross thickness, and depth. For horizontal permeability, log porosity was correlated with core. The core porosity-permeability correlation was improved by using grain size as an indication of pore throat size. After numerous attempts to identify an appropriate log signature, the calculated cementation exponent from Archie’s porosity and resistivity relationships was used to identify which porosity-permeability correlation to apply and a permeability log was made.</p><p id=\"sp000020\">Due to the relatively large thickness of the Mt. Simon, vertical permeability is an important attribute to understand the distribution of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>when the injection interval is in the lower part of the unit. Only core analyses and specifically designed pressure transient tests can yield vertical permeability. Many reservoir flow models show that 500–800&nbsp;m from the injection well most of the CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>migrates upward depending on the magnitude of the vertical permeability and CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>injection rate (CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>velocity). Assigning a specific value of vertical permeability to model cells is dependent on the vertical height of the model cell. Measured vertical permeability on core is scale dependent, such that lower vertical permeability is expected over longer core lengths compared to smaller lengths. Consequently, a series of vertical permeability tests were conducted on whole core varying in lengths of samples from 7&nbsp;cm to 30&nbsp;cm that showed vertical perm could change by an order of magnitude over a 30&nbsp;cm height.</p><p id=\"sp000025\">For one well, the results from a series of pressure transient tests over a perforated interval much smaller than the gross thickness (&lt;2%) confirmed the core-log based geologic model for vertical and horizontal permeability. A partial penetration model was used to estimate the horizontal and vertical permeability over a portion of the modeled area using series and parallel flow averaging techniques.</p>","conferenceTitle":"10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies","conferenceDate":"September 19-23, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Amsterdam","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.534","issn":"18766102","usgsCitation":"Frailey, S., Damico, J., and Leetaru, H., 2011, Reservoir characterization of the Mt. Simon Sandstone, Illinois Basin, USA, 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, v. 4, Amsterdam, September 19-23, 2010, p. 5487-5494, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.534.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5487","endPage":"5494","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475166,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.534","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.534"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa951e4b0c8380cd85d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frailey, S.M.","contributorId":93263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frailey","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Damico, J.","contributorId":86196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damico","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leetaru, H.E.","contributorId":47123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leetaru","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036729,"text":"70036729 - 2011 - A simple graphical approach to quantitative monitoring of rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T18:47:55","indexId":"70036729","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple graphical approach to quantitative monitoring of rangelands","docAbstract":"The article reviews graphical interpretation of the four monitoring methods that can be used to generate a variety of indicators of rangeland ecosystem function. Data for all four of the monitoring methods can be recorded on a single data sheet that is designed to be usable by somebody with minimal literacy. Indicators of plant and ground cover are central to most long-term monitoring systems. Plant and ground-cover data inform managers about forage availability, plant community composition and structure, and risk of runoff and erosion. The spatial arrangement of plants at a site in addition to the percent of the ground that is covered by plants is an important determinant of erosion potential. Vertical vegetation structure can be monitored by capturing data on maximum plant height at each stick location. Plant density method can provide an early indicator of future changes in plant cover, forage, quality, and habitat structure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangelands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.2111/1551-501X-33.4.6","issn":"01900528","usgsCitation":"Riginos, C., Herrick, J.E., Sundaresan, S., Farley, C., and Belnap, J., 2011, A simple graphical approach to quantitative monitoring of rangelands: Rangelands, v. 33, no. 4, p. 6-13, https://doi.org/10.2111/1551-501X-33.4.6.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475300,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/639818","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-501X-33.4.6"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58ee4b0c8380cd46e0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riginos, C.","contributorId":54437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riginos","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrick, J. E.","contributorId":84709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sundaresan, S.R.","contributorId":95307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundaresan","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farley, C.","contributorId":72622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farley","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033914,"text":"70033914 - 2011 - Multi-scale temporal and spatial variation in genotypic composition of Cladophora-borne Escherichia coli populations in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-28T10:06:47","indexId":"70033914","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale temporal and spatial variation in genotypic composition of Cladophora-borne Escherichia coli populations in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"High concentrations of Escherichia coli in mats of Cladophora in the Great Lakes have raised concern over the continued use of this bacterium as an indicator of microbial water quality. Determining the impacts of these environmentally abundant E. coli, however, necessitates a better understanding of their ecology. In this study, the population structure of 4285 Cladophora-borne E. coli isolates, obtained over multiple three day periods from Lake Michigan Cladophora mats in 2007-2009, was examined by using DNA fingerprint analyses. In contrast to previous studies that have been done using isolates from attached Cladophora obtained over large time scales and distances, the extensive sampling done here on free-floating mats over successive days at multiple sites provided a large dataset that allowed for a detailed examination of changes in population structure over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. While Cladophora-borne E. coli populations were highly diverse and consisted of many unique isolates, multiple clonal groups were also present and accounted for approximately 33% of all isolates examined. Patterns in population structure were also evident. At the broadest scales, E. coli populations showed some temporal clustering when examined by year, but did not show good spatial distinction among sites. E. coli population structure also showed significant patterns at much finer temporal scales. Populations were distinct on an individual mat basis at a given site, and on individual days within a single mat. Results of these studies indicate that Cladophora-borne E. coli populations consist of a mixture of stable, and possibly naturalized, strains that persist during the life of the mat, and more unique, transient strains that can change over rapid time scales. It is clear that further study of microbial processes at fine spatial and temporal scales is needed, and that caution must be taken when interpolating short term microbial dynamics from results obtained from weekly or monthly samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.041","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Badgley, B., Ferguson, J., Heuvel, A., Kleinheinz, G., McDermott, C., Sandrin, T., Kinzelman, J., Junion, E., Byappanahalli, M., Whitman, R., and Sadowsky, M., 2011, Multi-scale temporal and spatial variation in genotypic composition of Cladophora-borne Escherichia coli populations in Lake Michigan: Water Research, v. 45, no. 2, p. 721-731, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.041.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"731","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214571,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.041"},{"id":242306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.91,41.61 ], [ -87.91,46.1 ], [ -84.74,46.1 ], [ -84.74,41.61 ], [ -87.91,41.61 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fc5e4b0c8380cd71111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Badgley, B.D.","contributorId":82546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badgley","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferguson, J.","contributorId":31907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heuvel, A.V.","contributorId":9882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heuvel","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleinheinz, G.T.","contributorId":11021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinheinz","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDermott, C.M.","contributorId":59643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDermott","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sandrin, T.R.","contributorId":97339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandrin","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kinzelman, J.","contributorId":43584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzelman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Junion, E.A.","contributorId":105138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Junion","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sadowsky, M.J.","contributorId":19337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadowsky","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70036763,"text":"70036763 - 2011 - The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic Green Mountain arc: A composite(?), bimodal, oceanic, fringing arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T20:05:46.227203","indexId":"70036763","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic Green Mountain arc: A composite(?), bimodal, oceanic, fringing arc","docAbstract":"<p id=\"spar0005\">The inferred subduction affinity of the ∼1780-Ma Green Mountain arc, a dominantly bimodal igneous terrane (together with immature marine and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks) accreted to the southern margin of the Wyoming province, is integral to arc-accretion models of the Paleoproterozoic growth of southern Laurentia. Conversely, the dominantly bimodal nature of many putative arc-related igneous suites throughout southern Laurentia, including the Green Mountain arc, has also been used to support models of growth by extension of pre-existing crust. We report new geochemical and isotopic data from ∼1780-Ma gabbroic and granodioritic to tonalitic rocks of the Big Creek Gneiss, interpreted as consanguineous with previously studied metavolcanic rocks of the Green Mountain Formation.</p><p id=\"spar0010\">The ∼1780-Ma Big Creek Gneiss mafic rocks show clear geochemical signatures of a subduction origin and provide no supporting evidence for extensional tectonism. The ∼1780-Ma Big Creek Gneiss felsic rocks are attributed to partial melting of mafic and/or mixed lower-crustal material. The bimodal nature of the suite results from the combination of arc basalts and felsic crustal melts. The lack of andesite is consistent with the observed tholeiitic differentiation trend of the mafic magmas. The lower<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ɛ</i><sub>Nd</sub>(1780&nbsp;Ma) values for the felsic rocks vs. the mafic rocks suggest that the unexposed lower crust of the arc may be older than the arc and that Trans-Hudson- or Penokean-aged rocks possibly form the substratum of the arc. Our results reinforce previous interpretations that arc-related magmatism played a key role in the Paleoproterozoic crustal growth of southern Laurentia, but also support the possibility of unexposed older crust as basement to the arcs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.011","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Jones, D., Barnes, C., Premo, W.R., and Snoke, A., 2011, The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic Green Mountain arc: A composite(?), bimodal, oceanic, fringing arc: Precambrian Research, v. 185, no. 3-4, p. 231-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.011.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"249","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217509,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming, Colorado","otherGeospatial":"The Green Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.99560546875,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.6552734375,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.6552734375,\n              41.36031866306708\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.99560546875,\n              41.36031866306708\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.99560546875,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"185","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac4ce4b08c986b3233d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, D.S.","contributorId":48005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, C. G.","contributorId":78819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":457704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snoke, A.W.","contributorId":14899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036728,"text":"70036728 - 2011 - Rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus in wild birds: Use of a portable rRT-PCR and freeze-dried reagents in the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T18:52:11.151666","indexId":"70036728","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2498,"text":"Journal of Visualized Experiments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus in wild birds: Use of a portable rRT-PCR and freeze-dried reagents in the field","docAbstract":"Wild birds have been implicated in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) of the H5N1 subtype, prompting surveillance along migratory flyways. Sampling of wild birds for avian influenza virus (AIV) is often conducted in remote regions, but results are often delayed because of the need to transport samples to a laboratory equipped for molecular testing. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is a molecular technique that offers one of the most accurate and sensitive methods for diagnosis of AIV. The previously strict lab protocols needed for rRT-PCR are now being adapted for the field. Development of freeze-dried (lyophilized) reagents that do not require cold chain, with sensitivity at the level of wet reagents has brought on-site remote testing to a practical goal. Here we present a method for the rapid diagnosis of AIV in wild birds using an rRT-PCR unit (Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device or RAPID, Idaho Technologies, Salt Lake City, UT) that employs lyophilized reagents (Influenza A Target 1 Taqman; ASAY-ASY-0109, Idaho Technologies). The reagents contain all of the necessary components for testing at appropriate concentrations in a single tube: primers, probes, enzymes, buffers and internal positive controls, eliminating errors associated with improper storage or handling of wet reagents. The portable unit performs a screen for Influenza A by targeting the matrix gene and yields results in 2-3 hours. Genetic subtyping is also possible with H5 and H7 primer sets that target the hemagglutinin gene. The system is suitable for use on cloacal and oropharyngeal samples collected from wild birds, as demonstrated here on the migratory shorebird species, the western sandpiper (Calidrus mauri) captured in Northern California. Animal handling followed protocols approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and permits of the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory. The primary advantage of this technique is to expedite diagnosis of wild birds, increasing the chances of containing an outbreak in a remote location. On-site diagnosis would also prove useful for identifying and studying infected individuals in wild populations. The opportunity to collect information on host biology (immunological and physiological response to infection) and spatial ecology (migratory performance of infected birds) will provide insights into the extent to which wild birds can act as vectors for AIV over long distances.","language":"English","publisher":"JoVE","doi":"10.3791/2829","issn":"1940087X","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Hill, N., Schultz, A., Iverson, S.A., Cardona, C., Boyce, W., and Dudley, J., 2011, Rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus in wild birds: Use of a portable rRT-PCR and freeze-dried reagents in the field: Journal of Visualized Experiments, v. 54, e2829, https://doi.org/10.3791/2829.","productDescription":"e2829","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475410,"rank":3,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3217620","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3791/2829"},{"id":245430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94d3e4b0c8380cd8163d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, N.J.","contributorId":55655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schultz, A.K.","contributorId":88983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, S. A.","contributorId":22556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cardona, C.J.","contributorId":63654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardona","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyce, W.M.","contributorId":12266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dudley, J.P.","contributorId":22609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032552,"text":"70032552 - 2011 - A re-appraisal of the stratigraphy and volcanology of the Cerro Galán volcanic system, NW Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-12T12:40:30","indexId":"70032552","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A re-appraisal of the stratigraphy and volcanology of the Cerro Galán volcanic system, NW Argentina","docAbstract":"<p><span>From detailed fieldwork and biotite&nbsp;</span><span class=\"a-plus-plus\">40</span><span>Ar/</span><span class=\"a-plus-plus\">39</span><span>Ar dating correlated with paleomagnetic analyses of lithic clasts, we present a revision of the stratigraphy, areal extent and volume estimates of ignimbrites in the Cerro Gal&aacute;n volcanic complex. We find evidence for nine distinct outflow ignimbrites, including two newly identified ignimbrites in the Toconquis Group (the Pitas and Vega Ignimbrites). Toconquis Group Ignimbrites (~5.60&ndash;4.51&nbsp;Ma biotite ages) have been discovered to the southwest and north of the caldera, increasing their spatial extents from previous estimates. Previously thought to be contemporaneous, we distinguish the Real Grande Ignimbrite (4.68&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.07&nbsp;Ma biotite age) from the Cueva Negra Ignimbrite (3.77&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.08&nbsp;Ma biotite age). The form and collapse processes of the Cerro Gal&aacute;n caldera are also reassessed. Based on re-interpretation of the margins of the caldera, we find evidence for a fault-bounded trapdoor collapse hinged along a regional N-S fault on the eastern side of the caldera and accommodated on a N-S fault on the western caldera margin. The collapsed area defines a roughly isosceles trapezoid shape elongated E-W and with maximum dimensions 27&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;16&nbsp;km. The Cerro Gal&aacute;n Ignimbrite (CGI; 2.08&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.02&nbsp;Ma sanidine age) outflow sheet extends to 40&nbsp;km in all directions from the inferred structural margins, with a maximum runout distance of ~80&nbsp;km to the north of the caldera. New deposit volume estimates confirm an increase in eruptive volume through time, wherein the Toconquis Group Ignimbrites increase in volume from the ~10&nbsp;km</span><span class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</span><span>&nbsp;Lower Merihuaca Ignimbrite to a maximum of ~390&nbsp;km</span><span class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</span><span>&nbsp;(Dense Rock Equivalent; DRE) with the Real Grande Ignimbrite. The climactic CGI has a revised volume of ~630&nbsp;km</span><span class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</span><span>&nbsp;(DRE), approximately two thirds of the commonly quoted value.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0459-y","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Folkes, C.B., Wright, H.M., Cas, R.A., de Silva, S.L., Lesti, C., and Viramonte, J.G., 2011, A re-appraisal of the stratigraphy and volcanology of the Cerro Galán volcanic system, NW Argentina: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 10, p. 1427-1454, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0459-y.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1427","endPage":"1454","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487764,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/14538","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0459-y"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Cerro Galán","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.587890625,\n              -26.017297563851734\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.587890625,\n              -25.22482017676502\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.610107421875,\n              -25.22482017676502\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.610107421875,\n              -26.017297563851734\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.587890625,\n              -26.017297563851734\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e52fe4b0c8380cd46bc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Folkes, Christopher B.","contributorId":62032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folkes","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cas, Ray A.F.","contributorId":44361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cas","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"de Silva, Shanaka L.","contributorId":17839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Silva","given":"Shanaka","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lesti, Chiara","contributorId":24577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesti","given":"Chiara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Viramonte, Jose G.","contributorId":72211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viramonte","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032485,"text":"70032485 - 2011 - An improved understanding of the Alaska coastal current: The application of a bivalve growth-temperature model to reconstruct freshwater-influenced paleoenvironments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032485","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved understanding of the Alaska coastal current: The application of a bivalve growth-temperature model to reconstruct freshwater-influenced paleoenvironments","docAbstract":"Shells of intertidal bivalve mollusks contain sub-seasonally to interannually resolved records of temperature and salinity variations in coastal settings. Such data are essential to understand changing land-sea interactions through time, specifically atmospheric (precipitation rate, glacial meltwater, river discharge) and oceanographic circulation patterns; however, independent temperature and salinity proxies are currently not available. We established a model for reconstructing daily water temperatures with an average standard error of ???1.3 ??C based on variations in the width of lunar daily growth increments of Saxidomus gigantea from southwestern Alaska, United States. Temperature explains 70% of the variability in shell growth. When used in conjunction with stable oxygen isotope data, this approach can also be used to identify changes in past seawater salinity. This study provides a better understanding of the hydrological changes related to the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC). In combination with ??18Oshell values, increment-derived temperatures were used to estimate salinity changes with an average error of 1.4 ?? 1.1 PSU. Our model was calibrated and tested with modern shells and then applied to archaeological specimens. As derived from the model, the time interval of 988-1447 cal yr BP was characterized by ???1-2 ??C colder and much drier (2-5 PSU) summers. During that time, the ACC was likely flowing much more slowly than at present. In contrast, between 599-1014 cal yr BP, the Aleutian low may have been stronger, which resulted in a 3 ??C temperature decrease during summers and 1-2 PSU fresher conditions than today; the ACC was probably flowing more quickly at that time. The shell growth-temperature model can be used to estimate seasonal to interannual salinity and temperature changes in freshwater-influenced environments through time. ?? 2011 SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaios","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/palo.2010.p10-151r","issn":"08831351","usgsCitation":"Hallmann, N., Schone, B., Irvine, G., Burchell, M., Cokelet, E., and Hilton, M., 2011, An improved understanding of the Alaska coastal current: The application of a bivalve growth-temperature model to reconstruct freshwater-influenced paleoenvironments: Palaios, v. 26, no. 6, p. 346-363, https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2010.p10-151r.","startPage":"346","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213818,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2010.p10-151r"},{"id":241478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea74e4b0c8380cd4888b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hallmann, N.","contributorId":25772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallmann","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schone, B.R.","contributorId":64900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schone","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irvine, G.V.","contributorId":97051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burchell, M.","contributorId":68972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burchell","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cokelet, E.D.","contributorId":48397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cokelet","given":"E.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hilton, M.R.","contributorId":20555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032349,"text":"70032349 - 2011 - Monitoring and inversion on land subsidence over mining area with InSAR technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032349","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring and inversion on land subsidence over mining area with InSAR technique","docAbstract":"The Wulanmulun town, located in Inner Mongolia, is one of the main mining areas of Shendong Company such as Shangwan coal mine and Bulianta coal mine, which has been suffering serious mine collapse with the underground mine withdrawal. We use ALOS/PALSAR data to extract land deformation under these regions, in which Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS) method was applied. Then we compared InSAR results with the underground mining activities, and found high correlations between them. Lastly we applied Distributed Dislocation (Okada) model to invert the mine collapse mechanism. ?? 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Lidar and Radar Mapping 2011: Technologies and Applications","conferenceDate":"26 May 2011 through 29 May 2011","conferenceLocation":"Nanjing","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.912345","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"9780819489333","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhao, C., Lu, Z., and Ding, X., 2011, Monitoring and inversion on land subsidence over mining area with InSAR technique, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 8286, Nanjing, 26 May 2011 through 29 May 2011, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.912345.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.912345"},{"id":242484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8286","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d88e4b0c8380cd70430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Y.","contributorId":64213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Q.","contributorId":84163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhao, C.","contributorId":14655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ding, X.","contributorId":49990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032551,"text":"70032551 - 2011 - Experimental infection of bats with Geomyces destructans causes white-nose syndrome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T14:53:13","indexId":"70032551","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental infection of bats with Geomyces destructans causes white-nose syndrome","docAbstract":"<p>White-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused recent catastrophic declines among multiple species of bats in eastern North America. The disease's name derives from a visually apparent white growth of the newly discovered fungus Geomyces destructans on the skin (including the muzzle) of hibernating bats. Colonization of skin by this fungus is associated with characteristic cutaneous lesions that are the only consistent pathological finding related to WNS. However, the role of G. destructans in WNS remains controversial because evidence to implicate the fungus as the primary cause of this disease is lacking. The debate is fuelled, in part, by the assumption that fungal infections in mammals are most commonly associated with immune system dysfunction. Additionally, the recent discovery that G. destructans commonly colonizes the skin of bats of Europe, where no unusual bat mortality events have been reported, has generated further speculation that the fungus is an opportunistic pathogen and that other unidentified factors are the primary cause of WNS. Here we demonstrate that exposure of healthy little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) to pure cultures of G. destructans causes WNS. Live G. destructans was subsequently cultured from diseased bats, successfully fulfilling established criteria for the determination of G. destructans as a primary pathogen. We also confirmed that WNS can be transmitted from infected bats to healthy bats through direct contact. Our results provide the first direct evidence that G. destructans is the causal agent of WNS and that the recent emergence of WNS in North America may represent translocation of the fungus to a region with a naive population of animals. Demonstration of causality is an instrumental step in elucidating the pathogenesis and epidemiology of WNS and in guiding management actions to preserve bat populations against the novel threat posed by this devastating infectious disease. ?? 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature10590","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lorch, J., Meteyer, C., Behr, M., Boyles, J., Cryan, P., Hicks, A., Ballmann, A., Coleman, J., Redell, D., Reeder, D., and Blehert, D., 2011, Experimental infection of bats with Geomyces destructans causes white-nose syndrome: Nature, v. 480, no. 7377, p. 376-378, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10590.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213757,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10590"},{"id":241414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North 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