Adult, male mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were given a choice between a control diet and a diet containing 5, 10 or 20 ppm selenium as selenomethionine dissolved in water and mixed into the diet. At 10 and 20 ppm, selenium-treated diets were avoided. Avoidance appeared to be caused by a conditioned response, probably to illness caused by the selenium and not to an aversion to the taste of the selenium.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090906","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., and Sanderson, C.J., 1990, Avoidance of selenium-treated food by mallards: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 9, p. 1155-1158, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090906.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1155","endPage":"1158","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a91d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanderson, C. J.","contributorId":16531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222584,"text":"5222584 - 1990 - Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis, wintering biology and contaminant accumulation in Commencement Bay, Puget Sound, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T01:24:53.49806","indexId":"5222584","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:07","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis, wintering biology and contaminant accumulation in Commencement Bay, Puget Sound, Washington","docAbstract":"Western Grebes wintering at the head of Commencement Bay (bordering the waterways) accumulated significant amounts of mercury, arsenic, DDE, PCBs, chlordanes, and perhaps cadmium and HCB between 17 October 1985 and 6 February 1986. No change in selenium or lead was detected, but copper declined significantly. Western Grebes were likely to accumulate even higher levels of certain contaminants because they remained in Commencement Bay for an additional 3 months after the final collection. Remige moult and bursa length were used to separate five individuals believed to represent one age class, from the remainder of the October collection. These birds, perhaps nonbreeders spending one continuous year in Puget Sound, contained the 5 highest PCB, 5 of the 8 highest DDE, and 2 of the 3 highest mercury concentrations. No evidence was found in the literature to suggest the contaminant concentrations we reported would adversely impact the Western Grebe population. As expected, lipid content of carcasses increased significantly from October (15.5%) to February (28.8%).","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Blus, L.J., and Grove, R.A., 1990, Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis, wintering biology and contaminant accumulation in Commencement Bay, Puget Sound, Washington: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 104, no. 3, p. 460-472.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f08a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, R. A.","contributorId":6546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grove","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222354,"text":"5222354 - 1990 - Effects of boron on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T16:58:49.645024","indexId":"5222354","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:07","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of boron on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings","docAbstract":"High concentrations of boron (B) have been associated with irrigation drainwater and aquatic plants consumed by waterfowl. Day-old mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings received an untreated diet (controls) or diets containing 100, 400 or 1,600 ppm B as boric acid. Survival, growth and food consumption were measured for 10 weeks. At termination, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical assays and histological examination. The highest dietary concentration of B caused 10% mortality, decreased overall growth and the rate of growth (sexes combined), whereas lower concentrations of B altered growth only in females. Food consumption was lower during the first 3 weeks in the 1,600-ppm group and during the second week in all B-treated groups compared to controls. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were lower and plasma calcium concentration higher in the 1,600-ppm group compared to controls. Plasma triglyceride concentration was elevated in all B-treated groups. Brain B concentration increased to 25 times that of controls in the 1,600-ppm group. Brain ATP decreased with increasing dietary B. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity and total ATPase activity (in males) were elevated and protein concentration lowered in the 1,600-ppm group. Boron accumulated less in the liver than in the brain but resulted in an initial elevation of hepatic glutathione. These findings, in combination with altered duckling behavior, suggest that concentrations of B occurring in aquatic plants could adversely affect normal duckling development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090309","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Camardese, M., LeCaptain, L.J., and Pendleton, G., 1990, Effects of boron on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 3, p. 335-346, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090309.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624ed8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camardese, M.B.","contributorId":106591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camardese","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeCaptain, L. J.","contributorId":91056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCaptain","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223617,"text":"5223617 - 1990 - Factors influencing bird foraging preferences among conspecific fruit trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T13:51:49.16563","indexId":"5223617","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing bird foraging preferences among conspecific fruit trees","docAbstract":"The rates at which birds visit fruiting individuals of Allophylus edulis (Sapindaceae) differ substantially among trees. Such avian feeding preferences are well-known, but usually involve fruits and trees of different species. Factors controlling avian preferences for particular trees in a population of conspecifics are generally undocumented. To address this issue, I attempted to correlate rates at which individual birds and species fed in trees of Allophylus with 27 fruit or plant characteristics. Birds that swallow fruits whole were considered separately from those that feed in other ways. Plant characters were selected on the basis of their potential influence on feeding efficiency or predation risk, assuming that birds would select feeding trees so as to maximize the net rate of energy or nutrient intake and to minimize predation. Correlations were found between feeding visits by some groups of birds and percent water in the pulp, milligrams of mineral ash in the pulp, and crop size. No character was correlated with feeding visits by all groups of birds in both years of the study. The correlations with water and mineral ash are unexplained and may be artifacts. The correlation with crop size may represent a tactic to minimize predation.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368720","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., 1990, Factors influencing bird foraging preferences among conspecific fruit trees: Condor, v. 92, no. 4, p. 844-854, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368720.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"844","endPage":"854","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503081,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol92/iss4/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":202204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222395,"text":"5222395 - 1990 - Feeding activities of black skimmers in Guyana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-19T13:47:35.183555","indexId":"5222395","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding activities of black skimmers in Guyana","docAbstract":"Discrepancies appear in the literature concerning the influence of time of day and tide on feeding activities of Black Skimmers (Rhynchops niger). Observations from Guyana, South America, suggest that skimmers do feed during the day, but are strongly cued to receding tides.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521423","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., 1990, Feeding activities of black skimmers in Guyana: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 13, no. 1, p. 70-71, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521423.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5ec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222775,"text":"5222775 - 1990 - Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T17:07:28.844931","indexId":"5222775","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings","docAbstract":"Arsenic (As) has been found at elevated concentrations in irrigation drainwater and in aquatic plants utilized by waterfowl. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings received an untreated diet (controls) or diets containing 30, 100 or 300 ppm As added as sodium arsenate. After 10 weeks blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological examination. Arsenic accumulated significantly in brain and liver of ducklings fed 100 or 300 ppm but did not result in histopathological lesions. The 300-ppm dietary As concentration decreased overall growth (weight gain) in males, whereas all concentrations of As decreased overall growth and rate of growth in females. Food consumption was less during the first three weeks in the 300-ppm group and during the second week for the 100-ppm group compared to controls. Plasma sorbitol dehydrogenase activity and plasma glucose concentration were higher in the 300-ppm group compared to controls. Plasma triglyceride concentration increased in all As-treated groups. Brain ATP was lower in the 300-ppm group and sodium/potassium-dependent ATPase activity was higher in the 30- and 100-ppm groups. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in the 300-ppm group and malondialdehyde lower in all treatment groups. All treatment levels caused elevation in hepatic glutathione and ATP concentrations. These findings, in combination with altered duckling behavior (increased resting time), suggest that concentrations of As that have been found in aquatic plants (up to 430 ppm dry weight) could adversely affect normal duckling development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090613","usgsCitation":"Camardese, M., Hoffman, D.J., LeCaptain, L.J., and Pendleton, G., 1990, Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 6, p. 785-795, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090613.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"785","endPage":"795","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196142,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624aa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camardese, M.B.","contributorId":106591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camardese","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeCaptain, L. J.","contributorId":91056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCaptain","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222577,"text":"5222577 - 1990 - Modeling and the management of migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-16T16:48:48.914407","indexId":"5222577","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:11","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2827,"text":"Natural Resource Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling and the management of migratory birds","docAbstract":"Mathematical modeling of migratory bird populations is reviewed in the context of migratory bird management. We focus on dynamic models of waterfowl, since most management-oriented migratory bird models concern waterfowl species. We describe the management context for these modeling efforts, with a focus on large-scale operational data collection programs and on processes by which waterfowl harvest is regulated and waterfowl habitats are protected and managed. Through their impacts on key population parameters such as recruitment and survival rate, these activities can influence population dynamics, thereby providing managers some measure of control over the status of populations. Recent applications of the modeling of waterfowl are described in terms of objectives, mathematical structures, and contributions to management. Finally, we discuss research needs and data limitations in migratory bird modeling, and offer suggestions to increase the value to managers of future modeling efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-7445.1990.tb00211.x","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., and Nichols, J., 1990, Modeling and the management of migratory birds: Natural Resource Modeling, v. 4, no. 3, p. 273-311, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-7445.1990.tb00211.x.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"311","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015964,"text":"70015964 - 1990 - Age and origin of Cretaceous planktonic foraminifers from limestone of the Franciscan Complex near Laytonville, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T16:06:25.779065","indexId":"70015964","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and origin of Cretaceous planktonic foraminifers from limestone of the Franciscan Complex near Laytonville, California","docAbstract":"Detailed planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy from eight measured sections of Cretaceous limestone near Laytonville, California, indicates a composite sequence that extends in age from late Albian to early Turonian. The sequence contains seven biozones and two subzones based on the first and last appearance datums of planktonic foraminifers examined in thin section. Unequivocal biostratigraphic facing directions show four sections are right side up and four are reversed, and confirm the stratigraphic polarity employed in the paleomagnetic studies of Alvarez et al. (1980) and Tarduno et al. (1986). Temporal changes in the microfauna deviate from the global trend. Early Albian through early Cenomanian planktonic foraminiferal assemblages dominated by opportunistic, eurytopic species of Hedbergella and Globigerinelloides give way in the late Cenomanian to assemblages containing more abundant larger, heavily ornamented stenotopic species of Rotalipora and Praeglobotruncana typical of stratified Tethyan oceans. Radiolarian replacement chert increases slightly in the late Albian to early Cenomanian part of the Laytonville sequence and then decreases in the late Cenomanian and early Turonian. Benthic foraminifers show a similar decrease in abundance and diversity. We propose that this complex of biogenic and lithogenic patterns records transit via oceanic plate motion from a depositional site in the southern part of the paleoequatorial zone of high productivity, characterized by pronounced upwelling and habitat destabilization, perhaps augmented by topographic upwelling, to the central part of the equatorial zone dominated by biogenic calcite deposition. Our model of northward transit from below the equator supports the paleomagnetic determinations of Alvarez et al. (1980) and Tarduno et al. (1986). Arrival at the paleoequator coincided with the onset of stratification in the world ocean during the middle Cenomanian, indicated by the diversification of the more complex rotaliporids, and the subsequent intensification of oxygen-depleted intermediate waters in the latest Cenomanian to early Turonian. Two pulses in heterohelicid abundance signify the onset or intensification of an oxygen-minimum layer if Cretaceous heterohelicids occupied habitats analagous to Tertiary biserial heterohelicids. The first pulse beginning in the middle Cenomanian Rotalipora reicheli Zone may indicate a minor expansion of the oxygen-minimum zone or regional upwelling due to transit of the site beneath the equatorial divergence. The second pulse in the late Cenomanian Dicarinella algeriana Subzone signals the onset of upwelling of deeper oceanic water masses that characterized the succeeding Whiteinella archaeocretacea Zone. Organic-rich black shales typical of the Whiteinella archaeocretacea Zone are missing at Laytonville, although samples do contain the low-diversity, partially dissolved, planktonic assemblages that characterize this zone. The lack of black shales suggests that deposition occurred at depths greater than the oxygen-depleted intermediate water depths or alternately indicates paleoceanographic conditions unique to the Pacific.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Unioin","doi":"10.1029/PA005i005p00639","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Sliter, W., and Premoli-Silva, I., 1990, Age and origin of Cretaceous planktonic foraminifers from limestone of the Franciscan Complex near Laytonville, California: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 5, no. 5, p. 639-667, https://doi.org/10.1029/PA005i005p00639.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"667","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Laytonville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.50974473133084,\n 39.70623112138989\n ],\n [\n -123.50974473133084,\n 39.67568956784936\n ],\n [\n -123.4576419861218,\n 39.67568956784936\n ],\n [\n -123.4576419861218,\n 39.70623112138989\n ],\n [\n -123.50974473133084,\n 39.70623112138989\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8dee4b0c8380cd47f20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sliter, W.V.","contributorId":38997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"W.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Premoli-Silva, I.","contributorId":65222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premoli-Silva","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200090,"text":"5200090 - 1990 - Paraquat Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:44:23","indexId":"5200090","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 22 ; Biological Report 85(1.22)","title":"Paraquat Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","docAbstract":"Paraquat (1,1`dimethyl4,4`bipyridinium) are broad-spectrum contact plant killers and herbage desiccants that were introduced commercially during the past 25 years. Today, they rank among the most widely used herbicides globally and are frequently used in combination with other herbicides. The recommended paraquat field application rates for terrestrial weed control usually range between 0.28 and 1.12 kg/ha (0.25 and 1.0 lb/acre), and for aquatic weed control the range is 0.12.0 mg/l. Paraquat in surface soils generally photodecomposes in several weeks, but paraquat in subsurface soils and sediments may remain bound and biologically unavailablefor many years without significant degradation. Paraquat is not significantly accumulated by earthworms and other species of soil invertebrates and is usually excreted rapidly by higher animals; however, delayed toxic effects including death of birds and mammals are common. At concentrations below the recommended application rate, paraquat is embryotoxic to developing eggs of migratory waterfowl and adversely affects sensitive species of freshwater algae and macrophytes, larvae of crustaceans and frog tadpoles and carp. Sensitive species of birds are negatively affected at daily dose rates of 10 mg/kg body weight or when fed diets containing 20 mg/kg ration or drinking water containing 40 mg/l. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1990, Paraquat Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 22 ; Biological Report 85(1.22), ii, 28.","productDescription":"ii, 28","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91936,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_22_Paraquat.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68933b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200086,"text":"5200086 - 1990 - Boron Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:42:48","indexId":"5200086","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 20 ; Biological Report 85(1.20)","title":"Boron Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","docAbstract":"Ecological and toxicological aspects of boron (B) in the environment are reviewed, with emphasis on natural resources. Subtopics covered include environmental chemistry, background concentrations, effects, and current recommendations for the protection of living resources. Boron is not now considered essential in mammalian nutrition, although low dietary levels protect against fluorosis and bone demineralization. Excessive consumption (i.e., >1,000 mg B/kg diet, >15 mg B/kg body weight daily, >1.0 mg B/L drinking water, or >210 mg B/kg body weight in a single dose) adversely affects growth, survival, or reproduction in sensitive mammals. Boron and its compounds are potent teratogens when applied directly to the mammalian embryo, but there is no evidence of mutagenicity or carcinogenicity. Boron`s unique affinity for cancerous tissues has been exploited in neutron capture radiation therapy of malignant human brain tumors. Current boron criteria recommended for the protection of sensitive species include <0.3 mg B/L in crop irrigation waters, <1.0 mg B/L for aquatic life, <5.0 mg B/L in livestock drinking waters, <30 mg B/kg in waterfowl diets, and <100 mg B/kg in livestock diets. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1990, Boron Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 20 ; Biological Report 85(1.20), ii, 32.","productDescription":"ii, 32","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91935,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_20_Boron.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6029b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210695,"text":"5210695 - 1990 - Perspectives on research in the North American Waterfowl Management Plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210695","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Perspectives on research in the North American Waterfowl Management Plan","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands of the Great Lakes: Protection and Restoration Policies; Status of the Science. Proceedings of an International Symposium, May 16-18, 1990, Niagara Falls, NY.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association of State Wetland Managers, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Berne, NY","collaboration":"OCLC 26564741","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., 1990, Perspectives on research in the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, chap. of Wetlands of the Great Lakes: Protection and Restoration Policies; Status of the Science. Proceedings of an International Symposium, May 16-18, 1990, Niagara Falls, NY., p. 296-300.","productDescription":"viii, 335","startPage":"296","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883d1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kusler, Jon","contributorId":113716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusler","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506922,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smardon, Richard","contributorId":112902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smardon","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506921,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210534,"text":"5210534 - 1990 - Potential hazards of sediment in interstitial waters to marine benthic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210534","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Potential hazards of sediment in interstitial waters to marine benthic organisms","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop to Design Baseline and Monitoring Studies for the OCS Mining Program, Norton Sound, Alaska","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":" Minerals Management Service","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","collaboration":"OCLC 23209598, no editor","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1990, Potential hazards of sediment in interstitial waters to marine benthic organisms, chap. of Workshop to Design Baseline and Monitoring Studies for the OCS Mining Program, Norton Sound, Alaska, p. 3.1-3.13.","productDescription":"Various pagings","startPage":"3.1","endPage":"3.13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6837f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210543,"text":"5210543 - 1990 - Wood duck population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210543","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Wood duck population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) has been conducted yearly since 1966, and can be used to describe relative population density and trends of birds in North America north of Mexico. Wood ducks (Air sponsa) are difficult to survey using conventional waterfowl monitoring techniques, but a large portion of their range is surveyed by the BBS. Wood ducks are detected at low densities on many BBS routes, and population trends can be estimated for most regions. Populations have been increasing throughout North America since 1966, but statistically significant increases generally occurred only in the early (1966-78) part of the period. Roadside survey methodology used in the BBS has limitations that make it inefficient as a survey technique for wood ducks, and we recommend using modified methodologies that specifically survey wood duck habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 1988 North American Wood Duck Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","collaboration":"Published by the Symposium.","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., and Droege, S., 1990, Wood duck population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, chap. of The 1988 North American Wood Duck Symposium, p. 225-231.","productDescription":"xv, 390","startPage":"225","endPage":"231","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69816a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fredrickson, Leigh H.","contributorId":55874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506642,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, George V.","contributorId":113575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506645,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Havera, Stephen P.","contributorId":111761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havera","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506644,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graber, David A.","contributorId":114127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graber","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506646,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirby, Ronald E. ronald_kirby@usgs.gov","contributorId":195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Ronald","email":"ronald_kirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":506641,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, T. Scott","contributorId":82366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506643,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":78995,"text":"wdrMS891 - 1990 - Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T17:19:51.380153","indexId":"wdrMS891","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MS-89-1","title":"Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1989","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1989 water year for Mississippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains records of water discharge at 81 gaging stations; stage records for 19 of these gaging stations; stage only at 6 gaging stations; water quality for 24 streamflow gaging stations, 2 ungaged stream sites, 3 precipitation quality stations, and 32 wells; and water levels for 504 observation wells. Also included are peak-discharge data for 55 crest-stage partial-record stations, discharge data at 6 flood hydrograph partial-record stations and 20 low-flow partial-record stations, and water quality data at 9 partial-record or miscellaneous sites and 43 short-term study sites. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 4-6. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Mississippi.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMS891","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and with other State, county, municipal and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Tharpe, E., Plunkett, M., Morris, F., and Oakley, W.T., 1990, Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MS-89-1, viii, 614 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMS891.","productDescription":"viii, 614 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1989/ms-89-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":494962,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1989/ms-89-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcc74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tharpe, E.J.","contributorId":57534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tharpe","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plunkett, M.L.","contributorId":82368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plunkett","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, F.","contributorId":17299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oakley, W. T.","contributorId":76331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016184,"text":"70016184 - 1990 - A dolomitized shelfedge hardground in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T16:45:30.013863","indexId":"70016184","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A dolomitized shelfedge hardground in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"An elongated calcareous hardground occurs on the shelfedge northeast of the Mississippi Trough. High-resolution seismic reflection profiles show that the hardground is in 90-110 m of water, is 70-250 m wide, at least 2.3 km long, and of low relief (5-10 m). The hardground is composed of dolostone and coquinoid limestone, and exhibits a dead biofacies of nodular and encrusting calcium carbonate-secreting organisms that are significantly different from those forms living in the adjacent unconsolidated sediments. Cementation of the hardground substrate by primary dolomite was initiated during early diagenesis close to the sea floor and progressed by concretionary growth under an interstitial environment partially open to marine molecular fluxes. The bicarbonate necessary to form the dolomite came from an admixture of isotopically light thermogenic and sedimentary organic carbon sources and an isotopically heavier marine source. Exposed surfaces of the dolostone, which have been heavily bioeroded, are covered by an oxidized, goethite-rich, reddish-brown rind. The coquina is primarily composed of whole and fragmented mollusk shells and was deposited in a higher-energy environment than the precursor sediments of the dolostone. The hardground was preserved during the Holocene transgression because of its lithified nature and the top has been intermittently swept free of finer detritus by current action.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(90)90004-D","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Circe, R., and Vuletich, A., 1990, A dolomitized shelfedge hardground in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Sedimentary Geology, v. 66, no. 1-2, p. 29-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(90)90004-D.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.56114651328495,\n 28.329612121903722\n ],\n [\n -97.78184062976847,\n 26.733438633057148\n ],\n [\n -82.49901741972552,\n 27.649587493139435\n ],\n [\n -82.54780483613264,\n 29.120757746801715\n ],\n [\n -83.89015977164024,\n 30.157582948789226\n ],\n [\n -86.03485475259151,\n 30.60924291793932\n ],\n [\n -88.71817707720598,\n 30.55734197695214\n ],\n [\n -94.80936989186523,\n 29.77016800698781\n ],\n [\n -97.56114651328495,\n 28.329612121903722\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3c4e4b0c8380cd461f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Circe, R.C.","contributorId":90300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circe","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vuletich, A.K.","contributorId":43784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vuletich","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015975,"text":"70015975 - 1990 - Neogene paleoceanographic events recorded in an active-margin setting: Humboldt basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-06T17:09:53.288376","indexId":"70015975","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neogene paleoceanographic events recorded in an active-margin setting: Humboldt basin, California","docAbstract":"Recognition of North Pacific paleoceanographic events in the marginal Humboldt (Eel River) basin of northern California enables correlation of stratigraphic sections and development of a chronostratigraphy. Paleoclimatically related coiling shifts in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) and benthic foraminiferal datums form the basis of the chronostratigraphy. Benthic foraminiferal datums are defined by the occurrence of selected benthic species and abundance maxima of benthic biofacies. The compiled chronostratigraphy is used to refine reconstructions of the depositional history of Humboldt basin. Paleoceanographic events, recognized by the distribution of benthic foraminiferal biofacies, are used to infer paleoceanographic history along the northeastern Pacific margin.
The similarity in coiling curves of N. pachyderma from the marine sequence at DSDP Site 173 and the coastal Centerville Beach section of Humboldt basin and at other independently dated sites along the northeastern Pacific margin demonstrates that matching records of climatic oscillations is a reliable method of correlating marine sequences. Benthic fauna from the Centerville Beach section vary in phase with climatically related coiling shifts in N. pachyderma. In particular these data show an increase in displaced neritic fauna during inferred warm intervals and resurgence of deeper bathyal fauna during inferred cool events. Similar data are observed from the inland Eel River section, demonstrating that benthic foraminiferal trends recognized at Centerville Beach can be identified elsewhere in Humboldt basin. This in-phase benthic response to climatic fluctuations probably results from changes in vertical depth range of many benthic species in response to paleoclimatically related vertical changes in water-mass position.
Depositional histories reconstructed for two key sites in southern Humboldt basin indicate low rates of sediment accumulation during early basin filling with hemipelagic sediments. Initiation of turbidite sedimentation in the early Pliocene resulted in a sharp increase in rate of sediment accumulation. This increase in rate of sediment accumulation is partially a response to tectonic uplift in the northern Coast Ranges and may be an effect of realignment of motion between the Pacific and North American plates at about this time. The inland site shoaled more rapidly during turbidite sedimentation as a result of a higher rate of sediment accumulation. The rate of sediment accumulation increased again at this site in the late Pliocene during deposition of shelf and nearshore facies. The Eel River region subsided concurrent with deposition of these shallow-water deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(90)90137-V","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"McCrory, P., 1990, Neogene paleoceanographic events recorded in an active-margin setting: Humboldt basin, California: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 80, no. 3-4, p. 267-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(90)90137-V.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a644de4b0c8380cd7297b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCrory, P. A.","contributorId":96287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"P.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016315,"text":"70016315 - 1990 - Role of heat and detachment in continental extension as viewed from the eastern basin and range province in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-20T15:04:57.5811","indexId":"70016315","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of heat and detachment in continental extension as viewed from the eastern basin and range province in Arizona","docAbstract":"The Bill Williams River area of west-central Arizona includes not only the Rawhide-Buckskin metamorphic core complex, which is part of the lower Colorado River highly extended terrane (HET), but also the boundary between the extended terranes of the Basin and Range Province and the less deformed Arizona Transition Zone/Colorado Plateau. This provides important constraints on models that address the mechanisms for the mid- to late Tertiary deformation.
Three phases of extension are present. The oldest is the extension associated with core-complex tectonism, which characteristically shows a lower plate composed of lineated mylonitic gneiss overlain by a detachment fault that is regionally nearly horizontal but undulates at the local scale. The fault in turn is overlain by an upper plate that includes Precambrian basement rocks, recrystallized Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic(?) metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of greenschist facies, and unaltered to hydrothermally altered syntectonic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Miocene age. The upper plate is cut by closely spaced faults of modest structural relief that strike northwest and strongly rotate intervening blocks to face southwest. Most of these faults do not penetrate below the detachment fault. Fault spacing increases, and rotation decreases, to the northeast, away from the trace of the detachment. The second phase consists of “classic” Basin-Range high-angle normal faults that strike about north and have wide spacing, high structural relief, and modest rotation of blocks. These faults have no consistent direction of displacement and so produced horst and graben that form the ranges and basins visible today. This phase is locally superposed on Phase I, and also extends in more subdued form into the Transition Zone/Colorado Plateau. The third phase consists of tectonic quiescence and is present everywhere except parts of the Transition Zone that are still active seismically.
The first phase occurred in the early and middle Miocene and was accompanied by deposition of syntectonic fluviolacustrine rocks (Suite I); the second (middle to late Miocene) was marked by interior-basin deposits (Suite II); the third (latest Miocene through Quaternary) is characterized by deposits related to through-flowing drainage.
The phases grade into each other and thus are likely to be genetically related. Tectonic models must take into account not only the geographic distribution of deformation at any one time but also the time-dependent succession of deformation at any one place. A model proposed in this paper attempts to do this.
The model is thermotectonic. A heating event in the lower crust, (basaltic intrusion, asthenospheric upwelling) combined with stretching, causes a sharp thermal front to rise within the crust. Embedded within the front is an “isotherm” that marks the brittle-ductile transition. As the front rises, it leaves behind a trail of shear zones, each marking a locus of preferred failure defined by mechanical or physical properties, or combinations thereof. The highest shear zone, now preserved in fossil form as the “detachment”, occurs where the front impinges on the meteoric groundwater, a few km below the topographic surface. The water steepens the thermal gradient at the front, which it stabilizes. A convective hydrothermal circulation system is established, causing alteration and mineralization above the ductile-brittle transition, as well as pore overpressure that results in hydrofracturing (producing monolithologic breccias) and the sliding of gravity-glide sheets. During these events, extension is taking place by brittle failure in the upper plate and ductile deformation below the detachment. Simultaneously, the hottest areas (core complexes) are updomed, promoting drainage reversals and the sliding of breccias and glide sheets. All this occurred only in the hottest areas or “blisters”, now marked by the core complexes. Distal areas showed less or no deformation at the surface. With time and the waning of the thermal event, the thermal front, and thus the brittle-ductile transition, smoothed out and sank, again leaving a trail of shear zones. Phase 1 deformation ceased and was replaced by Phase 2 deformation that occurred over a much wider area. Eventually, the front sank so deep that surface deformation ceased. This illustrates how the style of deformation at the surface may be a measure of the depth to the brittle-ductile transition.
According to the thermotectonic model, extensional strain does not need to be constant along the detachment, in contrast to models involving simple shear through crustal-scale normal faults. On the contrary, one would expect strain to vary geographically as a function of maximum temperature attained, because of the well known relation between temperature and lithospheric strength. The thermotectonic model is also in good accord with geophysical characteristics of the Basin and Range Province, which suggests that extension was accompanied by intrusion of basalt into the lower crust, with consequent heating and anatexis.
Many studies in the U.S. and elsewhere support the model by showing that continental extension commonly is accompanied by near-surface temperatures corresponding to the brittle-ductile transition, by steep thermal gradients, and by hydrothemal convective systems.
A possible driving mechanism from the thermotectonic processes described by the model is the rise of asthenospheric domes or welts, which thin the lithosphere by subcrustal transfer while heating and stretching it. An asthenospheric welt that migrates northeastward while dying out might explain the encroachment of relatively subdued extension onto the Colorado Plateau, as well as the juxtaposition of compressive stress on the plateau with extensional stress in the adjacent Transition Zone and Basin and Range Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(90)90385-L","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, I., 1990, Role of heat and detachment in continental extension as viewed from the eastern basin and range province in Arizona: Tectonophysics, v. 174, no. 1-2, p. 77-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90385-L.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"114","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223417,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.11040219330253,\n 37.085662597227596\n ],\n [\n -114.10444816448911,\n 36.30512842639031\n ],\n [\n -114.8573799166903,\n 36.02538022975845\n ],\n [\n -114.71636098248497,\n 33.24395951089163\n ],\n [\n -114.79917492635654,\n 32.476304116176465\n ],\n [\n -111.10574232896127,\n 31.364458671785457\n ],\n [\n -109.03791293413464,\n 31.30894766509266\n ],\n [\n -109.03791293413464,\n 37.085662597227596\n ],\n [\n -114.11040219330253,\n 37.085662597227596\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"174","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae53e4b0c8380cd8708c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Ivo","contributorId":94291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Ivo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016234,"text":"70016234 - 1990 - Coarse-grained deltaic sedimentation in the Miocene Cuyama strike-slip basin, California Coast Ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T16:40:03.653566","indexId":"70016234","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coarse-grained deltaic sedimentation in the Miocene Cuyama strike-slip basin, California Coast Ranges","docAbstract":"The Cuyama basin, located in the southern Coast Ranges of California southwest of the San Andreas fault, developed early in the history of the San Andreas transform system. The Miocene marine basin formed in a transtensional setting along a dextral strike-slip fault of the transform system following Oligocene non-marine basin formation in an extensional setting.
The lower and middle Miocene Vaqueros Formation in the northwestern part of the basin, which represents the first of two transgressive-regressive cycles, is described here in terms of nine facies in two broad facies groups. The 400-m-thick Soda Lake Shale Member (of the Vaqueros) comprises deep-basin and starved-basin facies. A thin transgressive facies occurs locally at the base of the formation. The overlying Painted Rock Sandstone Member (of the Vaqueros), which is more than 2200 m thick and consists mostly of coarse-grained sandstone and pebbly sandstone, constitutes a delta complex of prodelta, slope channel, delta front, tide-influenced distributary channel, interdistributary bay, and fluvial channel facies.
The basinal depositional system consisted of turbidite mud and sand, and hemipelagic and pelagic sediments of the basinal facies deposited in a rapidly subsiding basin. The delta depositional system consisted of the delta complex facies that prograded into the deep basin and had a steep prodelta slope that extended to bathyal depths. The delta is inferred to be a mixed fluvial-wave-dominated fan delta, analogous in its delta-front morphology and processes to a fjord delta, in which coarse sediment delivered to the delta front by braided streams was transported down the prodelta slope into deep water by sediment gravity flows.
Transgression and rapid deepening of the basin in the early Miocene coincided with rapid tectonic subsidence. Deepening culminated with deposition of a starved-basin facies or condensed section at the time of maximum transgression, which was followed by the beginning of a regression and basin shallowing. The overall basin history and geometry of the northwestern Cuyama basin are typical of strike-slip basins. The initial rapid subsidence to bathyal depths at rates of more than 500 m/m.y. in the early Miocene is interpreted to be a result of extension at the releasing bend of a dextral strike-slip fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(90)90117-C","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Bartow, J.A., 1990, Coarse-grained deltaic sedimentation in the Miocene Cuyama strike-slip basin, California Coast Ranges: Sedimentary Geology, v. 68, no. 1-2, p. 17-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(90)90117-C.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.85287255038679,\n 35.46021498392952\n ],\n [\n -118.85287255038679,\n 35.147948029666736\n ],\n [\n -118.42847050429917,\n 35.147948029666736\n ],\n [\n -118.42847050429917,\n 35.46021498392952\n ],\n [\n -118.85287255038679,\n 35.46021498392952\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f772e4b0c8380cd4cb15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartow, J. Alan","contributorId":84373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016331,"text":"70016331 - 1990 - Dolomite dissolution rates and possible Holocene dedolomitization of water-bearing units in the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T17:29:15.545845","indexId":"70016331","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dolomite dissolution rates and possible Holocene dedolomitization of water-bearing units in the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas","docAbstract":"Rates of dolomite dissolution can be used to test the concept, based on geomorphologic evidence, that a major part of the Edwards aquifer could have formed within the Holocene, a timeframe of approximately 10,000 years. During formation of the aquifer in the Edwards limestone (Cretaceous, Albian) of the Balcones fault zone, dolomite dissolution and porosity development were synchronous and the result of mixing-zone dedolomitization. Initiation of the mixing zone in the early Holocene (∼11,000 years before present) is suggested by the maximum age of formation of major discharge sites that allowed the influx of meteoric water into brine-filled, dolomitic preaquifer units. Dedolomitization, the dissolution of dolomite and net precipitation of calcite, has left aquifer units that are calcitic, and 40 vol.% interconnected pore space. The mass of dolomite missing is obtained by comparison of stratigraphically equivalent altered and unaltered units. One dissolution rate (1.76 × 10−4 mmol dolomite kgH2O−1yr−1) is determined from this mass, 104yr reaction time, and a log-linear function describing the increase in mass discharge (three orders of magnitude) during aquifer formation.
The second estimated dissolution rate is obtained from the mass transfer of dolomite to solution calculated from the increase in magnesium in pore fluids selected from the modern aquifer to represent a typical flowpath during aquifer formation. A reaction time of 104yr for this mass transfer yields a rate of 0.56 × 10−4 mmol dolomite kgH2O−1yr−1
Both of these rates are comparable to modern rates of dolomite dissolution (0.3 to 4.5 × 10−4 mmol dolomite kgH2O−1yr−1) calculated from measured reaction times in the Tertiary Floridan aquifer system in Florida and the Madison aquifer in the Mississippian Madison Limestone of the Northern Great Plains. Similarity of these rates to the estimated paleo-rates of dolomite dissolution supports a 104 yr reaction timeframe.Both of these rates are comparable to modern rates of dolomite dissolution (0.3 to 4.5 × 10−4 mmol dolomite kgH2O−1yr−1) calculated from measured reaction times in the Tertiary Floridan aquifer system in Florida and the Madison aquifer in the Mississippian Madison Limestone of the Northern Great Plains. Similarity of these rates to the estimated paleo-rates of dolomite dissolution supports a 104 yr reaction timeframe.
The Holocene reaction time also can be compared to a series of reaction times calculated by assuming that the mass of dolomite missing from the Edwards was removed at rates observed in the Floridan and Madison aquifers. These reaction times (for complete removal of dolomite) range from 2700 to 58,500 yr and span the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary.
Finally, an estimated dolomite reaction rate during dedolomitization of the Edwards aquifer based on surface area of exposed dolomite [mmol cm−2s−1 (millimoles per square centimeter per second)] may be approximated from reaction times. This rate is directly a function of the mass of dolomite removed and the surface area exposed per pore volume passing through the rock. The surface area is available from the observed dolomite rhomb size in unaltered rock. The rate of pore fluid movement is obtained from the averaged annual discharge. Rates during formation of the Edwards aquifer calculated from all reaction times range from 10−13 to 10−14 mmol dolomite cm−2s−1. These rates are faster than rates (10−18 mmol cm−2s−1), measured in the pure laboratory system, CaMg(CO3)2 CO2 H2O, but slower than rates determined in an alpine stream study (10−10 to 10−11 mmol cm−2s−1) where cold glacial melt water flows over dolostone.
Dolomite dissolution rates from both the Edwards and other aquifers support the concept that a major part of the Edwards aquifer could have formed within the Holocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90023-Q","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Deike, R., 1990, Dolomite dissolution rates and possible Holocene dedolomitization of water-bearing units in the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 112, no. 3-4, p. 335-373, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90023-Q.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"373","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"south-central Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.46550029210039,\n 29.57260405929422\n ],\n [\n -100.46550029210039,\n 27.75101642105942\n ],\n [\n -98.73974517883627,\n 27.75101642105942\n ],\n [\n -98.73974517883627,\n 29.57260405929422\n ],\n [\n -100.46550029210039,\n 29.57260405929422\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a039ee4b0c8380cd5058b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deike, R.G.","contributorId":63953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deike","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016189,"text":"70016189 - 1990 - Simulation of dispersion in layered coastal aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T15:33:49.969643","indexId":"70016189","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of dispersion in layered coastal aquifer systems","docAbstract":"A density-dependent solute-transport formulation is used to examine ground-water flow in layered coastal aquifers. The numerical experiments indicate that although the transition zone may be thought of as an impermeable 'sharp' interface with freshwater flow parallel to the transition zone in homogeneous aquifers, this is not the case for layered systems. Freshwater can discharge through the transition zone in the confining units. Further, for the best simulation of layered coastal aquifer systems, either a flow-direction-dependent dispersion formulation is required, or the dispersivities must change spatially to reflect the tight thin confining unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90057-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., 1990, Simulation of dispersion in layered coastal aquifer systems: Journal of Hydrology, v. 114, no. 3-4, p. 211-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90057-5.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"228","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b901be4b08c986b319317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015999,"text":"70015999 - 1990 - Monitoring moisture storage in trees using time domain reflectometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-28T17:08:55.236545","indexId":"70015999","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring moisture storage in trees using time domain reflectometry","docAbstract":"Laboratory and field tests were performed to examine the feasibility of using time domain reflectometry (TDR) to monitor changes in the moisture storage of the woody parts of trees. To serve as wave guides for the TDR signal, pairs of stainless steel rods (13 cm long, 0.32 cm in diameter, and 2.5 cm separation) were driven into parallel pilot holes drilled into the woody parts of trees, and a cable testing oscilloscope was used to determine the apparent dielectric constant. A laboratory calibration test was performed on two sapwood samples, so that the relation between the volumetric water content and the apparent dielectric constant of the sapwood could be determined over a range of water contents. The resulting calibration curve for these sapwood samples was significantly different than the general calibration curve used for soils, showing a smaller change in the apparent dielectric constant for a given change in the volumetric water content than is typical for soils. The calibration curve was used to estimate the average volumetric water content to a depth of 13 cm in living trees. One field experiment was conducted on an English walnut tree (Juglans regia) with a diameter of 40 cm, growing in a flood-irrigated orchard on a Hanford sandy loam near Modesto, California (U.S.A.). Rods were driven into the tree at about 50 cm above the soil surface and monitored hourly for the month of August, 1988. The moisture content determined by TDR showed a gradual decrease from 0.44 to 0.42 cm3 cm−3 over a two week period prior to flood irrigation, followed by a rapid rise to 0.47 cm3 cm−3 over a four day period after irrigation, then again a gradual decline approaching the next irrigation. A second field experiment was made on ten evergreen and deciduous trees with diameters ranging from 30 to 120 cm, growing in the foothills of the Coast Range of central California. Rods were driven into each tree at 50 to 100 cm above the soil surface and monitored on a biweekly to monthly basis for over a year. Most trees showed an early spring maximum in moisture content determined by TDR associated with leaf growth, and a late summer minimum in moisture content associated with the end of the dry season. Moisture contents ranged from 0.20 to 0.70 cm3 cm−3, with an annual percentage change in moisture of 15% to 70% depending on species and environmental conditions. A final field test was performed in northern New Mexico (U.S.A.) to examine the effect of trunk freezing on TDR measurements. This test confirmed that freezing conditions were recorded as a total loss of liquid water by the TDR method. These results suggest that further TDR calibration for wood, plus some understanding of the relation between tree moisture and physiological stress could be useful to several disciplines, ranging from irrigation scheduling to watershed management to forest ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90032-S","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., and Murphy, F., 1990, Monitoring moisture storage in trees using time domain reflectometry: Journal of Hydrology, v. 119, no. 1-4, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90032-S.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Modesto","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1140801245068,\n 37.72075117136899\n ],\n [\n -121.1140801245068,\n 37.570755481439576\n ],\n [\n -120.87833353846591,\n 37.570755481439576\n ],\n [\n -120.87833353846591,\n 37.72075117136899\n ],\n [\n -121.1140801245068,\n 37.72075117136899\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dc0e4b0c8380cd70592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, J.","contributorId":29953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, F.","contributorId":42358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016257,"text":"70016257 - 1990 - Topographic effects on flow path and surface water chemistry of the Llyn Brianne catchments in Wales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T15:53:14.936616","indexId":"70016257","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic effects on flow path and surface water chemistry of the Llyn Brianne catchments in Wales","docAbstract":"Topographic shape is a watershed attribute thought to influence the flow path followed by water as it traverses a catchment. Flow path, in turn, may affect the chemical composition of surface waters. Topography is quantified in the hydrological model TOPMODEL as the relative frequency distribution of the index ln(atanB), where a is the upslope area per unit contour that drains past a point and tanB is the local surface slope. Spatial distributions of ln(atanB) were calculated for eight catchments in Wales on a 25 m x 25 m grid. Among the catchments, mean observed stream H+ concentration during high flow periods was highly correlated with the mean of the ln(atanB) distribution. The steady-state gain of a transfer function (time series) model relating H+ to discharge was positively correlated with the mean of the ln(atanB) distribution. These results suggest that during high flow periods, both the average stream acidity and the magnitude of fluctuations in H+ are conditioned by the topographic shape of the catchment. By performing a sensitivity analysis on TOPMODEL, we also show that as the mean of the ln(atanB) distribution for a catchment increases, so does its theoretical likelihood to produce significant quantities of surface and near-surface runoff. Our observed results in the Llyn Brianne catchments are consistent with this theoretical expectation in that surface or near-surface runoff is often higher in acidity than are deeper sources of hillslope runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90207-E","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Wolock, D., Hornberger, G., and Musgrove, T., 1990, Topographic effects on flow path and surface water chemistry of the Llyn Brianne catchments in Wales: Journal of Hydrology, v. 115, no. 1-4, p. 243-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90207-E.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"259","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United Kingdom","otherGeospatial":"Wales","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -5.126165378116639,\n 53.51661908857275\n ],\n [\n -5.126165378116639,\n 51.36214123180656\n ],\n [\n -2.9628795494702445,\n 51.36214123180656\n ],\n [\n -2.9628795494702445,\n 53.51661908857275\n ],\n [\n -5.126165378116639,\n 53.51661908857275\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb47ce4b08c986b3263c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, G.M.","contributorId":68463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Musgrove, T.J.","contributorId":24926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016206,"text":"70016206 - 1990 - Theory and application of an approximate model of saltwater upconing in aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T15:59:24.858686","indexId":"70016206","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Theory and application of an approximate model of saltwater upconing in aquifers","docAbstract":"Motion and mixing of salt water and fresh water are vitally important for water-resource development throughout the world. An approximate model of saltwater upconing in aquifers is developed, which results in three non-linear coupled equations for the freshwater zone, the saltwater zone, and the transition zone. The description of the transition zone uses the concept of a boundary layer. This model invokes some assumptions to give a reasonably tractable model, considerably better than the sharp interface approximation but considerably simpler than a fully three-dimensional model with variable density. We assume the validity of the Dupuit-Forchheimer approximation of horizontal flow in each layer. Vertical hydrodynamic dispersion into the base of the transition zone is assumed and concentration of the saltwater zone is assumed constant. Solute in the transition zone is assumed to be moved by advection only. Velocity and concentration are allowed to vary vertically in the transition zone by using shape functions. Several numerical techniques can be used to solve the model equations, and simple analytical solutions can be useful in validating the numerical solution procedures. We find that the model equations can be solved with adequate accuracy using the procedures presented. The approximate model is applied to the Smoky Hill River valley in central Kansas. This model can reproduce earlier sharp interface results as well as evaluate the importance of hydrodynamic dispersion for feeding salt water to the river. We use a wide range of dispersivity values and find that unstable upconing always occurs. Therefore, in this case, hydrodynamic dispersion is not the only mechanism feeding salt water to the river. Calculations imply that unstable upconing and hydrodynamic dispersion could be equally important in transporting salt water. For example, if groundwater flux to the Smoky Hill River were only about 40% of its expected value, stable upconing could exist where hydrodynamic dispersion into a transition zone is the primary mechanism for moving salt water to the river. The current model could be useful in situations involving dense saltwater layers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90202-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"McElwee, C., and Kemblowski, M., 1990, Theory and application of an approximate model of saltwater upconing in aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 115, no. 1-4, p. 139-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90202-9.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223150,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1ffe4b08c986b32553c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McElwee, C.","contributorId":41596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwee","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kemblowski, M.","contributorId":54340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemblowski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}