{"pageNumber":"1806","pageRowStart":"45125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70036108,"text":"70036108 - 2011 - Larval and juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii are not susceptible to infectious hematopoietic necrosis under laboratory conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-21T10:16:00","indexId":"70036108","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Larval and juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii are not susceptible to infectious hematopoietic necrosis under laboratory conditions","docAbstract":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) leads to periodic epidemics among certain wild and farmed fish species of the Northeast (NE) Pacific. The source of the IHN virus (IHNV) that initiates these outbreaks remains unknown; however, a leading hypothesis involves viral persistence in marine host species such as Pacific herring Clupea pallasii.  Under laboratory conditions we exposed specific pathogen-free (SPF) larval and juvenile Pacific herring to 10<sup>3<sup> to 10<sup>4<sup> plaque-forming units (pfu) of IHNV ml<sup>–1</sup> by waterborne immersion. Cumulative mortalities among exposed groups were not significantly different from those of negative control groups. After waterborne exposure, IHNV was transiently recovered from the tissues of larvae but absent in tissues of juveniles. Additionally, no evidence of viral shedding was detected in the tank water containing exposed juveniles. After intraperitoneal (IP) injection of IHNV in juvenile herring with 10<sup>3<sup> pfu, IHNV was recovered from the tissues of sub-sampled individuals for only the first 5 d post-exposure. The lack of susceptibility to overt disease and transient levels of IHNV in the tissues of exposed fish indicate that Pacific herring do not likely serve a major epizootiological role in perpetuation of IHNV among free-ranging sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the NE Pacific.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao02294","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Hart, L., Traxler, G., Garver, K., Richard, J., Gregg, J., Grady, C., Kurath, G., and Hershberger, P., 2011, Larval and juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii are not susceptible to infectious hematopoietic necrosis under laboratory conditions: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 93, no. 2, p. 105-110, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02294.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475101,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02294","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218388,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02294"},{"id":246390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44abe4b0c8380cd66ca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, L.M.","contributorId":44008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Traxler, G.S.","contributorId":31244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Traxler","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garver, K.A.","contributorId":42766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richard, J.","contributorId":105952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gregg, J.L.","contributorId":78521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grady, C.A.","contributorId":7929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hershberger, P.K. 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":58818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70043010,"text":"70043010 - 2011 - Rising sea level may cause decline of fringing coral reefs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T12:32:40","indexId":"70043010","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rising sea level may cause decline of fringing coral reefs","docAbstract":"Coral reefs are major marine ecosystems and critical resources for marine diversity and fisheries. These ecosystems are widely recognized to be at risk from a number of stressors, and added to those in the past several decades is climate change due to anthropogenically driven increases in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Most threatening to most coral reefs are elevated sea surface temperatures and increased ocean acidity [e.g., Kleypas et al., 1999; Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007], but sea level rise, another consequence of climate change, is also likely to increase sedimentary processes that potentially interfere with photosynthesis, feeding, recruitment, and other key physiological processes (Figure 1). Anderson et al. [2010] argue compellingly that potential hazardous impacts to coastlines from 21st-century sea level rise are greatly underestimated, particularly because of the rapid rate of rise. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that sea level will rise in the coming century (1990–2090) by 2.2–4.4 millimeters per year, when projected with little contribution from melting ice [Meehl et al., 2007]. New studies indicate that rapid melting of land ice could substantially increase the rate of sea level rise [Grinsted et al., 2009; Milne et al., 2009].","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2011EO330001","usgsCitation":"Field, M.E., Ogston, A.S., and Storlazzi, C., 2011, Rising sea level may cause decline of fringing coral reefs: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 33, p. 273-274, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO330001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-031228","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo330001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271979,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO330001"}],"volume":"92","issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2279e4b061e1bd5334ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogston, Andrea S.","contributorId":12119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":2333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034379,"text":"70034379 - 2011 - Variation in local abundance and species richness of stream fishes in relation to dispersal barriers: Implications for management and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034379","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in local abundance and species richness of stream fishes in relation to dispersal barriers: Implications for management and conservation","docAbstract":"1.Barriers to immigration, all else being equal, should in principle depress local abundance and reduce local species richness. These issues are particularly relevant to stream-dwelling species when improperly designed road crossings act as barriers to migration with potential impacts on the viability of upstream populations. However, because abundance and richness are highly spatially and temporally heterogeneous and the relative importance of immigration on demography is uncertain, population- and community-level effects can be difficult to detect. 2.In this study, we tested the effects of potential barriers to upstream movements on the local abundance and species richness of a diverse assemblage of resident stream fishes in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, U.S.A. Fishes were sampled using simple standard techniques above- and below road crossings that were either likely or unlikely to be barriers to upstream fish movements (based on physical dimensions of the crossing). We predicted that abundance of resident fishes would be lower in the upstream sections of streams with predicted impassable barriers, that the strength of the effect would vary among species and that variable effects on abundance would translate into lower species richness. 3.Supporting these predictions, the statistical model that best accounted for variation in abundance and species richness included a significant interaction between location (upstream or downstream of crossing) and type (passable or impassable crossing). Stream sections located above predicated impassable culverts had fewer than half the number of species and less than half the total fish abundance, while stream sections above and below passable culverts had essentially equivalent richness and abundance. 4.Our results are consistent with the importance of immigration and population connectivity to local abundance and species richness of stream fishes. In turn, these results suggest that when measured at appropriate scales (multiple streams within catchments), with simple protocols amenable to use by management agencies, differences in local abundance and species richness may serve as indicators of the extent to which road crossings are barriers to fish movement and help determine whether road-crossing improvements have restored connectivity to stream fish populations and communities. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02634.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Nislow, K., Hudy, M., Letcher, B., and Smith, E., 2011, Variation in local abundance and species richness of stream fishes in relation to dispersal barriers: Implications for management and conservation: Freshwater Biology, v. 56, no. 10, p. 2135-2144, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02634.x.","startPage":"2135","endPage":"2144","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02634.x"},{"id":244562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc15be4b08c986b32a52d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nislow, K.H.","contributorId":66477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nislow","given":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudy, M.","contributorId":16952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudy","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, E.P.","contributorId":73208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034374,"text":"70034374 - 2011 - U-Pb SHRIMP-RG zircon ages and Nd signature of lower Paleozoic rifting-related magmatism in the Variscan basement of the Eastern Pyrenees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T19:34:36.056378","indexId":"70034374","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb SHRIMP-RG zircon ages and Nd signature of lower Paleozoic rifting-related magmatism in the Variscan basement of the Eastern Pyrenees","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ages of orthogneisses exposed in massifs of the Variscan chain can determine whether they are part of a pre-Neoproterozoic basement, a Neoproterozoic, Panafrican arc, or are, in fact, lower Paleozoic, and their isotopic compositions can be used to probe the nature of their source rocks, adding to the understanding of the types, distribution, and tectonic evolution of peri-Gondwanan crystalline basement. .Using SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology and Nd isotopic analysis, pre-Variscan metaigneous rocks from the Núria massif in the Eastern Pyrenean axial zone and the Guilleries massif, 70</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km to the south, have been dated and their Nd signatures characterized.. All dated orthogneisses from the Núria massif have the same age within error, ~457</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ma, including the Ribes granophyre, interpreted as a subvolcanic unit within Caradocian sediments contemporaneous with granitic magmas intruded into Cambro-Ordovician sediments at deeper levels. Orthogneisses in the Guilleries massif record essentially continuous magmatic activity during the Ordovician, beginning at the Cambro-Ordovician boundary (488</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>3</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ma) and reaching a peak in the volume of magma in the early Late Ordovician (~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>460</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ma). Metavolcanic rocks in the Guilleries massif were extruded at 452</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ma and appear to have their intrusive equivalent in thin, deformed veins of granitic gneiss (451</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>7</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ma) within metasedimentary rocks. In orthogneisses from both massifs, the cores of some zircons yield Neoproterozoic ages between ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>520 and 900</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ma. The age of deposition of a pre-Late Ordovician metapelite in the Guilleries massif is bracketed by the weighted average age of the youngest detrital zircon population, 582</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>11</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ma, and the age of cross-cutting granitic veins, 451</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>7</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ma. Older detrital zircons populations in this metapelite include Neoproterozoic (749–610</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ma;&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10), Neo- to Mesoproterozoic (1.04–0.86</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ga;&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>7), Paleoproterozoic (2.02–1.59</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ga;&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>5), and Neoarchean (2.74–2.58</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ga;&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>3). Nd isotopic analyses of the Núria and Guilleries orthogneisses yielded negative&nbsp;</span><strong>ε</strong><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;values ranging between −</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>2.1 and −</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>5.2 at 450</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ma, the same as Ediacaran sediments from northwestern Iberia. We interpret these slightly negative ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;values as a signature of Panafrican arc rocks, mixed with an older crustal component as indicated by the inherited and detrital zircon ages we analyzed. The crustal level in which Ordovician melting occurred has not been recognized and the absence of pre-Neoproterozoic basement is a striking feature of the southern part of the Variscan Chain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2011.08.004","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Martinez, F., Iriondo, A., Dietsch, C., Aleinikoff, J.N., Peucat, J., Cires, J., Reche, J., and Capdevila, R., 2011, U-Pb SHRIMP-RG zircon ages and Nd signature of lower Paleozoic rifting-related magmatism in the Variscan basement of the Eastern Pyrenees: LITHOS, v. 127, no. 1-2, p. 10-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2011.08.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2011.08.004"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9c0e4b08c986b327da2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martinez, F.J.","contributorId":82157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iriondo, A.","contributorId":30823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iriondo","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietsch, C.","contributorId":25796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peucat, J.J.","contributorId":73438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peucat","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cires, J.","contributorId":42458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cires","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reche, J.","contributorId":16675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reche","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Capdevila, R.","contributorId":94525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capdevila","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034287,"text":"70034287 - 2011 - Geological effects and implications of the 2010 tsunami along the central coast of Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T14:54:51.982343","indexId":"70034287","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological effects and implications of the 2010 tsunami along the central coast of Chile","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geological effects of the 2010 Chilean tsunami were quantified at five near-field sites along a 200</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km segment of coast located between the two zones of predominant fault slip. Field measurements, including topography, flow depths, flow directions, scour depths, and deposit thicknesses, provide insights into the processes and morphological changes associated with tsunami inundation and return flow. The superposition of downed trees recorded multiple strong onshore and alongshore flows that arrived at different times and from different directions. The most likely explanation for the diverse directions and timing of coastal inundation combines (1) variable fault rupture and asymmetrical slip displacement of the seafloor away from the epicenter with (2) resonant amplification of coastal edge waves. Other possible contributing factors include local interaction of incoming flow and return flow and delayed wave reflection by the southern coast of Peru. Coastal embayments amplified the maximum inundation distances at two sites (2.4 and 2.6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km, respectively). Tsunami vertical erosion included scour and planation of the land surface, inundation scour around the bases of trees, and channel incision from return flow. Sheets and wedges of sand and gravel were deposited at all of the sites. Locally derived boulders up to 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m in diameter were transported as much as 400</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m inland and deposited as fields of dispersed clasts. The presence of lobate bedforms at one site indicates that at least some of the late-stage sediment transport was as bed load and not as suspended load. Most of the tsunami deposits were less than 25</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm thick. Exceptions were thick deposits near open-ocean river mouths where sediment supply was abundant. Human alterations of the land surface at most of the sites provided opportunities to examine some tsunami effects that otherwise would not have been possible, including flow histories, boulder dispersion, and vegetation controls on deposit thickness.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.09.004","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Gelfenbaum, G., Buckley, M., and Richmond, B.M., 2011, Geological effects and implications of the 2010 tsunami along the central coast of Chile: Sedimentary Geology, v. 242, no. 1-4, p. 34-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.09.004.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216701,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.09.004"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Central Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.99316406249999,\n              -36.27085020723903\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.048583984375,\n              -36.27085020723903\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.048583984375,\n              -32.389239109859005\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.99316406249999,\n              -32.389239109859005\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.99316406249999,\n              -36.27085020723903\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"242","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a225ee4b0c8380cd56f9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, M.L.","contributorId":74600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, B. M.","contributorId":67902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189217,"text":"70189217 - 2011 - Fluorescent microspheres as surrogates in evaluating the efficacy of riverbank filtration for removing Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and other pathogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T09:52:55","indexId":"70189217","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Fluorescent microspheres as surrogates in evaluating the efficacy of riverbank filtration for removing <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> oocysts and other pathogens","title":"Fluorescent microspheres as surrogates in evaluating the efficacy of riverbank filtration for removing Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and other pathogens","docAbstract":"<p><span>A major benefit of riverbank filtration (RBF) is that it provides a relatively effective means for pathogen removal. There is a need to conduct more injection-and-recovery transport studies at operating RBF sites in order to properly assess the combined effects of the site heterogeneities and ambient physicochemical conditions, which are difficult to replicate in the lab. For field transport studies involving pathogens, there is considerable interest in using fluorescent carboxylated microspheres (FCM) as surrogates, because they are chemically inert, negatively charged, easy to detect, available in a wide variety of sizes, and have been found to be nonhazardous in tracer applications. Although there have been a number of in-situ studies comparing the subsurface transport behaviors of FCM to those of bacteria and viruses, much less is known about their suitability for investigations of protozoa. Oocysts of the intestinal protozoan pathogen&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cryptosporidium</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>spp are of particular concern for many RBF operations because of their ubiquity and persistence in rivers and high resistance to chlorine disinfection. Although microspheres often have proven to be less-than-ideal analogs for capturing the abiotic transport behavior of viruses and bacteria, there is encouraging recent evidence regarding use of FCM as surrogates for<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">C. parvum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>oocysts. This chapter discusses the potential of fluorescent microspheres as safe and easy-to-detect surrogates for evaluating the efficacy of RBF operations for removing pathogens, particularly<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cryptosporidium</i><span>, from source waters at different points along the flow path.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Riverbank filtration for water security in desert countries. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-0026-0_6","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., Metge, D.W., Sheets, R., and Jasperse, J., 2011, Fluorescent microspheres as surrogates in evaluating the efficacy of riverbank filtration for removing Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and other pathogens, chap. <i>of</i> Riverbank filtration for water security in desert countries. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, p. 81-96, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0026-0_6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"96","ipdsId":"IP-019769","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c47e4b0d1f9f057e383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheets, Rodney A. rasheets@usgs.gov","contributorId":1848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"Rodney A.","email":"rasheets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jasperse, Jay","contributorId":168661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jasperse","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":17863,"text":"Sonoma County Water Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033970,"text":"70033970 - 2011 - Classification of MEC with the ALLTEM at Camp Stanley, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70033970","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of MEC with the ALLTEM at Camp Stanley, Texas","docAbstract":"The ALLTEM is a multi-axis electromagnetic induction system designed for unexploded ordnance UXO applications. It uses a continuous triangle-wave excitation and provides good late-time signal-to-noise ratio SNR especially for ferrous targets. Multi-axis transmitter Tx and receiver Rx systems such as ALLTEM provide a richer data set from which to invert for the target parameters required to distinguish between clutter and UXO. Inversions of field data acquired between 2006 and 2010 over the Army's UXO Standardized Test sites at the Yuma Proving Ground YPG in Arizona and at the Aberdeen Proving Ground APG in Maryland have produced reasonable and generally repeatable results for many UXO items buried at different orientations and depths. In February-March 2011 ALLTEM data was acquired at two locations on the Camp Stanley Storage Activity CSSA just north of San Antonio, Texas. Camp Stanley is used to store munitions as well as test, fire, and overhaul munitions components. Site B-20 is an open burn/open detonation OBOD area and Site B-27 consists of narrow trenches blasted into limestone containing buried range and munitions debris and possibly MEC. The processing, analysis, and classification techniques developed at the controlled environments of YPG and APG have been applied to these two \"live\" sites at Camp Stanley. ALLTEM data analysis includes both classical numerical inversion of data from each anomaly and clustering of the raw data by means of a self-organizing map SOM via generalized neural network algorithms. Final classification consists of an integration of both the numerical and SOM results. ?? 2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3627456","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Asch, T., Moulton, C., and Smith, D., 2011, Classification of MEC with the ALLTEM at Camp Stanley, Texas: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 30, no. 1, p. 1363-1367, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3627456.","startPage":"1363","endPage":"1367","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216860,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3627456"},{"id":244758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f618e4b0c8380cd4c5b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asch, T.","contributorId":95709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moulton, C.","contributorId":24198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034085,"text":"70034085 - 2011 - Effectiveness of bowl trapping and netting for inventory of a bee community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T15:21:05","indexId":"70034085","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1536,"text":"Environmental Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of bowl trapping and netting for inventory of a bee community","docAbstract":"Concern over the status of bees has increased the need to inventory bee communities and, consequently, has increased the need to understand effectiveness of different bee sampling methods. We sampled bees using bowl traps and netting at 25 northwest Indiana sites ranging from open grasslands to forests. Assemblages of bees captured in bowl traps and by netting were very similar, but this similarity was driven by similar relative abundances of commonly captured species. Less common species were often not shared between collection methods (bowls, netting) and only about half of the species were shared between methods. About one-quarter of species were more often captured by one of the two collection methods. Rapid accumulation of species was aided by sampling at temporal and habitat extremes. In particular, collecting samples early and late in the adult flight season and in open and forest habitats was effective in capturing the most species with the fewest samples. The number of samples estimated necessary to achieve a complete inventory using bowls and netting together was high. For example, ≈72% of species estimated capturable in bowls were captured among the 3,159 bees collected in bowls in this study, but ≈30,000–35,000 additional bees would need to be collected to achieve a 100% complete inventory. For bowl trapping, increasing the number of sampling dates or sampling sites was more effective than adding more bowls per sampling date in completing the inventory with the fewest specimens collected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Entomology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Entomological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Lanham, MD","doi":"10.1603/EN09278","issn":"0046225X","usgsCitation":"Grundel, R., Frohnapple, K., Jean, R., and Pavlovic, N., 2011, Effectiveness of bowl trapping and netting for inventory of a bee community: Environmental Entomology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 374-380, https://doi.org/10.1603/EN09278.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"374","endPage":"380","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487936,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1603/en09278","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216631,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN09278"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0638e4b0c8380cd5116b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frohnapple, K.J.","contributorId":13442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohnapple","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jean, R.P.","contributorId":23361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jean","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034183,"text":"70034183 - 2011 - Role of water in hydrocarbon generation from Type-I kerogen in Mahogany oil shale of the Green River Formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034183","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of water in hydrocarbon generation from Type-I kerogen in Mahogany oil shale of the Green River Formation","docAbstract":"Hydrous and anhydrous closed-system pyrolysis experiments were conducted on a sample of Mahogany oil shale (Eocene Green River Formation) containing Type-I kerogen to determine whether the role of water had the same effect on petroleum generation as reported for Type-II kerogen in the Woodford Shale. The experiments were conducted at 330 and 350??C for 72h to determine the effects of water during kerogen decomposition to polar-rich bitumen and subsequent bitumen decomposition to hydrocarbon-rich oil. The results showed that the role of water was more significant in bitumen decomposition to oil at 350??C than in kerogen decomposition to bitumen at 330??C. At 350??C, the hydrous experiment generated 29% more total hydrocarbon product and 33% more C15+ hydrocarbons than the anhydrous experiment. This is attributed to water dissolved in the bitumen serving as a source of hydrogen to enhance thermal cracking and facilitate the expulsion of immiscible oil. In the absence of water, cross linking is enhanced in the confines of the rock, resulting in formation of pyrobitumen and molecular hydrogen. These differences are also reflected in the color and texture of the recovered rock. Despite confining liquid-water pressure being 7-9 times greater in the hydrous experiments than the confining vapor pressure in the anhydrous experiments, recovered rock from the former had a lighter color and expansion fractures parallel to the bedding fabric of the rock. The absence of these open tensile fractures in the recovered rock from the anhydrous experiments indicates that water promotes net-volume increase reactions like thermal cracking over net-volume decrease reactions like cross linking, which results in pyrobitumen. The results indicate the role of water in hydrocarbon and petroleum formation from Type-I kerogen is significant, as reported for Type-II kerogen. ?? 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.10.004","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Lewan, M.D., and Roy, S., 2011, Role of water in hydrocarbon generation from Type-I kerogen in Mahogany oil shale of the Green River Formation: Organic Geochemistry, v. 42, no. 1, p. 31-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.10.004.","startPage":"31","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.10.004"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae75e4b0c8380cd870dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, S.","contributorId":100221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189219,"text":"70189219 - 2011 - Effects of the antimicrobial sulfamethoxazole on groundwater bacterial enrichment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T12:10:04","indexId":"70189219","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the antimicrobial sulfamethoxazole on groundwater bacterial enrichment","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects of “trace” (environmentally relevant) concentrations of the antimicrobial agent sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on the growth, nitrate reduction activity, and bacterial composition of an enrichment culture prepared with groundwater from a pristine zone of a sandy drinking-water aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, were assessed by laboratory incubations. When the enrichments were grown under heterotrophic denitrifying conditions and exposed to SMX, noticeable differences from the control (no SMX) were observed. Exposure to SMX in concentrations as low as 0.005 μM delayed the initiation of cell growth by up to 1 day and decreased nitrate reduction potential (total amount of nitrate reduced after 19 days) by 47% (</span><i>p</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.02). Exposure to 1 μM SMX, a concentration below those prescribed for clinical applications but higher than concentrations typically detected in aqueous environments, resulted in additional inhibitions: reduced growth rates (</span><i>p</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 5 × 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>), lower nitrate reduction rate potentials (</span><i>p</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.01), and decreased overall representation of 16S rRNA gene sequences belonging to the genus<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Pseudomonas</i><span>. The reduced abundance of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Pseudomonas</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>sequences in the libraries was replaced by sequences representing the genus<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Variovorax</i><span>. Results of these growth and nitrate reduction experiments collectively suggest that subtherapeutic concentrations of SMX altered the composition of the enriched nitrate-reducing microcosms and inhibited nitrate reduction capabilities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es103605e","usgsCitation":"Underwood, J., Harvey, R.W., Metge, D.W., Repert, D.A., Baumgartner, L.K., Smith, R.L., Roane, T.M., and Barber, L.B., 2011, Effects of the antimicrobial sulfamethoxazole on groundwater bacterial enrichment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 7, p. 3096-3101, https://doi.org/10.1021/es103605e.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3096","endPage":"3101","ipdsId":"IP-023272","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c47e4b0d1f9f057e381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Underwood, Jennifer C. jcunder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"Jennifer C.","email":"jcunder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Repert, Deborah A. 0000-0001-7284-1456 darepert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-1456","contributorId":2578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repert","given":"Deborah","email":"darepert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baumgartner, Laura K.","contributorId":194245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roane, Timberly M.","contributorId":194246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roane","given":"Timberly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036254,"text":"70036254 - 2011 - A complex relationship between calving glaciers and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T17:59:33","indexId":"70036254","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A complex relationship between calving glaciers and climate","docAbstract":"Many terrestrial glaciers are sensitive indicators of past and present climate change as atmospheric temperature and snowfall modulate glacier volume. However, climate interpretations based on glacier behavior require careful selection of representative glaciers, as was recently pointed out for surging and debris-covered glaciers, whose behavior often defies regional glacier response to climate [Yde and Paasche, 2010]. Tidewater calving glaciers (TWGs)mountain glaciers whose termini reach the sea and are generally grounded on the seaflooralso fall into the category of non-representative glaciers because the regional-scale asynchronous behavior of these glaciers clouds their complex relationship with climate. TWGs span the globe; they can be found both fringing ice sheets and in high-latitude regions of each hemisphere. TWGs are known to exhibit cyclic behavior, characterized by slow advance and rapid, unstable retreat, largely independent of short-term climate forcing. This so-called TWG cycle, first described by Post [1975], provides a solid foundation upon which modern investigations of TWG stability are built. Scientific understanding has developed rapidly as a result of the initial recognition of their asynchronous cyclicity, rendering greater insight into the hierarchy of processes controlling regional behavior. This has improved the descriptions of the strong dynamic feedbacks present during retreat, the role of the ocean in TWG dynamics, and the similarities and differences between TWG and ice sheet outlet glaciers that can often support floating tongues.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011EO370001","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Post, A., O’Neel, S., Motyka, R., and Streveler, G., 2011, A complex relationship between calving glaciers and climate: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 37, p. 305-307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO370001.","startPage":"305","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475107,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo370001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO370001"}],"volume":"92","issue":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e381e4b0c8380cd4608d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Post, A.","contributorId":51033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Motyka, R.J.","contributorId":49594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motyka","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Streveler, G.","contributorId":83755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streveler","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034106,"text":"70034106 - 2011 - Anthropogenic influences on shoreline and nearshore evolution in the San Francisco Bay coastal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T12:59:27","indexId":"70034106","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic influences on shoreline and nearshore evolution in the San Francisco Bay coastal system","docAbstract":"Analysis of four historical bathymetric surveys over a 132-year period has revealed significant changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar, an ebb-tidal delta at the mouth of San Francisco Bay estuary. From 1873 to 2005 the San Francisco Bar vertically-eroded an average of 80 cm over a 125 km<sup>2</sup> area, which equates to a total volume loss of 100 ± 52 million m<sup>3</sup> of fine- to coarse-grained sand. Comparison of the surveys indicates the entire ebb-tidal delta contracted radially, with the crest moving landward an average of 1 km. Long-term erosion of the ebb-tidal delta is hypothesized to be due to a reduction in the tidal prism of San Francisco Bay and a decrease in coastal sediment supply, both as a result of anthropogenic activities. Prior research indicates that the tidal prism of the estuary was reduced by 9% from filling, diking, and sedimentation. Compilation of historical records dating back to 1900 reveals that a minimum of 200 million m3 of sediment has been permanently removed from the San Francisco Bay coastal system through dredging, aggregate mining, and borrow pit mining. Of this total, ~54 million m<sup>3</sup> of sand-sized or coarser sediment was removed from central San Francisco Bay. With grain sizes comparable to the ebb-tidal delta, and its direct connection to the bay mouth, removal of sediments from central San Francisco Bay may limit the sand supply to the delta and open coast beaches.\n\nSWAN wave modeling illustrates that changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar have altered the alongshore wave energy distribution at adjacent Ocean Beach, and thus may be a significant factor in a persistent beach erosion ‘hot spot’ occurring in the area. Shoreline change analyses show that the sandy shoreline in the shadow of the ebb-tidal delta experienced long-term (1850s/1890s to 2002) and short-term (1960s/1980s to 2002) accretion while the adjacent sandy shoreline exposed to open-ocean waves experienced long-term and short-term erosion. Therefore, the recently observed accelerating rates of bay sediment removal, ebb-tidal delta erosion, and open coast beach erosion are all correlated temporally.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.031","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Dallas, K., and Barnard, P., 2011, Anthropogenic influences on shoreline and nearshore evolution in the San Francisco Bay coastal system: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 92, no. 1, p. 195-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.031.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.4985,37.4477 ], [ -122.4985,37.9649 ], [ -122.0419,37.9649 ], [ -122.0419,37.4477 ], [ -122.4985,37.4477 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec5ae4b0c8380cd49201","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dallas, K.L.","contributorId":85013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallas","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033965,"text":"70033965 - 2011 - Historical trends of hypoxia in Changjiang River estuary: Applications of chemical biomarkers and microfossils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-09T21:59:34","indexId":"70033965","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trends of hypoxia in Changjiang River estuary: Applications of chemical biomarkers and microfossils","docAbstract":"Over the past two decades China has become the largest global consumer of fertilizers, which has enhanced river nutrient fluxes and caused eutrophication and hypoxia in the Yangtze (Changjiang) large river delta-front estuary (LDE). In this study, we utilized plant pigments, lignin-phenols, stable isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) and foraminiferal microfossils in <sup>210</sup>Pb dated cores to examine the history of hypoxia in the Changjiang LDE. Two sediment cores were collected onboard R/V Dong Fang Hong 2 using a stainless-steel box-corer; one at a water depth of 24.7 m on Jun. 15, 2006 and the other at 52 m on Nov. 20, 2007, both in the hypoxic region off the Changjiang LDE. There has been a significant increase in the abundance of plant pigments after 1979 that are indicators of enhanced diatom and cyanobacterial abundance, which agrees with post-1980 record of increasing nutrient loads in the Changjiang River. The increased inputs of terrestrially derived materials to the LDE are largely woody plant sources and most likely due to deforestation that began in the early 1950s. However, post-1960 lignin data did not reflect enhanced loading of woody materials despite continued deforestation possibly due to increased trapping from greater dam construction, a reduction of deforestation in the drainage basin since the last 1990s, and soil conservation practices. The lack of linkages between bulk indices (stable isotopes, % OC, molar C/N ratios) and microfossil/chemical biomarkers may reflect relative differences in the amount of carbon tracked by these different proxies. Although NO3− is likely responsible for most of the changes in phytoplankton production (post 1970s), historical changes in N loading from the watershed and hypoxia on the LDE shelf may not be as well linked in East China Sea (ECS) sediments due to possible denitrification/ammonification processes; finally, increases in low-oxygen tolerant foraminiferal microfossils indicate there has been an increase in the number of hypoxic bottom water events on the Changjiang LDE over the past 60 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.003","issn":"09247963","usgsCitation":"Li, X., Bianchi, T., Yang, Z., Osterman, L., Allison, M.A., DiMarco, S.F., and Yang, G., 2011, Historical trends of hypoxia in Changjiang River estuary: Applications of chemical biomarkers and microfossils: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.003"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Changjiang River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.5,18.2 ], [ 73.5,53.6 ], [ 134.8,53.6 ], [ 134.8,18.2 ], [ 73.5,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31aae4b0c8380cd5e10e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, X.","contributorId":67635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bianchi, T.S.","contributorId":90500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Z.","contributorId":97709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osterman, L.E.","contributorId":53836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allison, M. A.","contributorId":49834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DiMarco, Steven F.","contributorId":15435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMarco","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yang, G.","contributorId":23348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034313,"text":"70034313 - 2011 - Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T17:01:03.465858","indexId":"70034313","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ability to predict amphibian breeding across landscapes is important for informing land management decisions and helping biologists better understand and remediate factors contributing to declines in amphibian populations. We built geospatial models of likely breeding habitats for each of four amphibian species that breed in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). We used field data collected in 2000–2002 from 497 sites among 16 basins and predictor variables from geospatial models produced from remotely sensed data (e.g., digital elevation model, complex topographic index, landform data, wetland probability, and vegetative cover). Except for 31 sites in one basin that were surveyed in both 2000 and 2002, all sites were surveyed once. We used polytomous regression to build statistical models for each species of amphibian from (1) field survey site data only, (2) field data combined with data from geospatial models, and (3) data from geospatial models only. Based on measures of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) scores, models of the second type best explained likely breeding habitat because they contained the most information (ROC values ranged from 0.70 to 0.88). However, models of the third type could be applied to the entire YNP landscape and produced maps that could be verified with reserve field data. Accuracy rates for models built for single years were highly variable, ranging from 0.30 to 0.78. Accuracy rates for models built with data combined from multiple years were higher and less variable, ranging from 0.60 to 0.80. Combining results from the geospatial multiyear models yielded maps of “core” breeding areas (areas with high probability values for all three years) surrounded by areas that scored high for only one or two years, providing an estimate of variability among years. Such information can highlight landscape options for amphibian conservation. For example, our models identify alternative areas that could be protected for each species, including 6828–10 764 ha for tiger salamanders, 971–3017 ha for western toads, 4732–16 696 ha for boreal chorus frogs, and 4940–19 690 ha for Columbia spotted frogs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-1261.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Bartelt, P.E., Gallant, A.L., Klaver, R.W., Wright, C., Patla, D.A., and Peterson, C.R., 2011, Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 7, p. 2530-2547, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2530","endPage":"2547","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475420,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.0772705078125,\n              44.18614312298759\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8907470703125,\n              44.18614312298759\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8907470703125,\n              45.092913646051144\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0772705078125,\n              45.092913646051144\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0772705078125,\n              44.18614312298759\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81aae4b0c8380cd7b670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartelt, Paul E.","contributorId":18895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartelt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, C.K.","contributorId":25780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patla, Debra A.","contributorId":40059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patla","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Charles R.","contributorId":95738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033994,"text":"70033994 - 2011 - Sulfate threshold target to control methylmercury levels in wetland ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70033994","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfate threshold target to control methylmercury levels in wetland ecosystems","docAbstract":"Sulfate contamination has a significant environmental implication through the stimulation of toxic hydrogen sulfide and methylmercury (MeHg) production. High levels of MeHg are a serious problem in many wetland ecosystems worldwide. In the Florida Everglades, it has been demonstrated that increasing MeHg occurrence is due to a sulfate contamination problem. A promising strategy of lowering the MeHg occurrence is to reduce the amount of sulfate entering the ecosystem. High surface water sulfate concentrations in the Everglades are mainly due to discharges from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) canals. Water and total sulfur mass balances indicated that total sulfur released by soil oxidation, Lake Okeechobee and agricultural application were the major sources contributing 49,169, 35,217 and 11,775mtonsyear-1, respectively. Total sulfur loads from groundwater, levees, and atmospheric deposition contributed to a lesser extent: 4055; 5858 and 4229mtonsyear-1, respectively. Total sulfur leaving the EAA into Water Conservation Areas (WCAs) through canal discharge was estimated at 116,360mtonsyear-1, and total sulfur removed by sugarcane harvest accounted for 23,182mtonsyear-1. Furthermore, a rise in the mineral content and pH of the EAA soil over time, suggested that the current rates of sulfur application would increase as the buffer capacity of the soil increases. Therefore, a site specific numeric criterion for sulfate of 1mgL-1 was recommended for the protection of the Everglades; above this level, mercury methylation is enhanced. In parallel, sulfide concentrations in the EAA exceeded the 2??gL-1 criterion for surface water already established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.030","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Corrales, J., Naja, G., Dziuba, C., Rivero, R., and Orem, W., 2011, Sulfate threshold target to control methylmercury levels in wetland ecosystems: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 11, p. 2156-2162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.030.","startPage":"2156","endPage":"2162","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216747,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.030"},{"id":244633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"409","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc2e4b08c986b31da6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corrales, J.","contributorId":101113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corrales","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naja, G.M.","contributorId":54039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naja","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dziuba, C.","contributorId":32756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dziuba","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rivero, R.G.","contributorId":49209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivero","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orem, W. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":87335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034147,"text":"70034147 - 2011 - Source and fate of inorganic soil contamination around the abandoned Phillips sulfide mine, hudson Highlands, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T16:52:19","indexId":"70034147","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3422,"text":"Soil and Sediment Contamination","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source and fate of inorganic soil contamination around the abandoned Phillips sulfide mine, hudson Highlands, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The abandoned Phillips sulfide mine in the critical Highlands watershed in New York has been shown to produce strongly acidic mine drainage (AMD) with anomalous metal contaminants in first-order streams that exceeded local water standards by up to several orders of magnitude (Gilchrist et al., 2009). The metal-sulfide-rich tailings also produce contaminated soils with pH &lt; 4, organic matter &lt; 2.5% and trace metals sequestered in soil oxides. A geochemical transect to test worst-case soil contamination showed that Cr, Co and Ni correlated positively with Mn, (r = 0.72, r= 0.89, r = 0.80, respectively), suggesting Mn-oxide sequestration and that Cu and Pb correlated with Fe (r = 0.76, r = 0.83, respectively), suggesting sequestration in goethite. Ubiquitous, yellow coating on the mine wastes, including jarosite and goethite, is a carrier of the metals. Geochemical and μ-SXRF analyses determined Cu to be the major soil contaminant. μ-SXRF also demonstrated that the heterogeneous nature of the soil chemistry at the micro-meter scale is self-similar to those in the bulk soil samples. Generally metals decreased, with some fluctuations, rapidly downslope through suspension of fines and dissolution in AMD leaving the area of substantial contamination &lt;&lt; 0.5 km from the source.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil and Sediment Contamination","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2011.528712","issn":"15320383","usgsCitation":"Gilchrist, S., Gates, A., Elzinga, E., Gorring, M., and Szabo, Z., 2011, Source and fate of inorganic soil contamination around the abandoned Phillips sulfide mine, hudson Highlands, New York: Soil and Sediment Contamination, v. 20, no. 1, p. 54-74, https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2011.528712.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"74","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2011.528712"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.00390625,\n              41.42728289146282\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.00390625,\n              41.52451550292325\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.87893676757812,\n              41.52451550292325\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.87893676757812,\n              41.42728289146282\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.00390625,\n              41.42728289146282\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b931be4b08c986b31a2c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilchrist, S.","contributorId":34332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilchrist","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, A.","contributorId":100203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elzinga, E.","contributorId":10643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elzinga","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorring, M.","contributorId":35983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorring","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036332,"text":"70036332 - 2011 - Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T18:03:05","indexId":"70036332","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Quantifying changes in thermokarst lake extent is of importance for understanding the permafrost-related carbon budget, including the potential release of carbon via lake expansion or sequestration as peat in drained lake basins. We used high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery from 1950/51, 1978, and 2006/07 to quantify changes in thermokarst lakes for a 700 km<sup>2</sup> area on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The number of water bodies larger than 0.1 ha increased over the entire observation period (666 to 737 or +10.7%); however, total surface area decreased (5,066 ha to 4,312 ha or -14.9%). This pattern can largely be explained by the formation of remnant ponds following partial drainage of larger water bodies. Thus, analysis of large lakes (&gt;40 ha) shows a decrease of 24% and 26% in number and area, respectively, differing from lake changes reported from other continuous permafrost regions. Thermokarst lake expansion rates did not change substantially between 1950/51 and 1978 (0.35 m/yr) and 1978 and 2006/07 (0.39 m/yr). However, most lakes that drained did expand as a result of surface permafrost degradation before lateral drainage. Drainage rates over the observation period were stable (2.2 to 2.3 per year). Thus, analysis of decadal-scale, high spatial resolution imagery has shown that lake drainage in this region is triggered by lateral breaching and not subterranean infiltration. Future research should be directed toward better understanding thermokarst lake dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution as these systems have implications for landscape-scale hydrology and carbon budgets in thermokarst lake-rich regions in the circum-Arctic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JG001666","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Arp, C., Jones, M., Walter, A.K., and Romanovsky, V., 2011, Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 116, no. G2, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001666.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475306,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jg001666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001666"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 140.3,51.2 ], [ 140.3,73.3 ], [ -130.0,73.3 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 140.3,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"G2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca4e4b0c8380cd6fe46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, M.C.","contributorId":62446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter, Anthony K.M.","contributorId":49633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034248,"text":"70034248 - 2011 - Effects of biologically-active chemical mixtures on fish in a wastewater-impacted urban stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034248","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of biologically-active chemical mixtures on fish in a wastewater-impacted urban stream","docAbstract":"Stream flow in urban aquatic ecosystems often is maintained by water-reclamation plant (WRP) effluents that contain mixtures of natural and anthropogenic chemicals that persist through the treatment processes. In effluent-impacted streams, aquatic organisms such as fish are continuously exposed to biologically-active chemicals throughout their life cycles. The North Shore Channel of the Chicago River (Chicago, Illinois) is part of an urban ecosystem in which > 80% of the annual flow consists of effluent from the North Side WRP. In this study, multiple samplings of the effluent and stream water were conducted and fish (largemouth bass and carp) were collected on 2 occasions from the North Shore Channel. Fish also were collected once from the Outer Chicago Harbor in Lake Michigan, a reference site not impacted by WRP discharges. Over 100 organic chemicals with differing behaviors and biological effects were measured, and 23 compounds were detected in all of the water samples analyzed. The most frequently detected and highest concentration (> 100 ??g/L) compounds were ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 4-nonylphenolmono-to-tetraethoxycarboxylic acids. Other biologically-active chemicals including bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenolmono-to-tetraethoxylates, 4- tert-octylphenol, and 4- tert-octylphenolmono-to-tetraethoxylates were detected at lower concentrations (< 5 ??g/L). The biogenic steroidal hormones 17??-estradiol, estrone, testosterone, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, and cis-androsterone were detected at even lower concentrations (< 0.005 ??g/L). There were slight differences in concentrations between the North Side WRP effluent and the North Shore Channel, indicating minimal in-stream attenuation. Fish populations are continuously exposed to mixtures of biologically-active chemicals because of the relative persistency of the chemicals with respect to stream hydraulic residence time, and the lack of a fresh water source for dilution. The majority of male fish exhibited vitellogenin induction, a physiological response consistent with exposure to estrogenic compounds. Tissue-level signs of reproductive disruption, such as ovatestis, were not observed. ?? 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.039","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Brown, G., Nettesheim, T., Murphy, E., Bartell, S., and Schoenfuss, H., 2011, Effects of biologically-active chemical mixtures on fish in a wastewater-impacted urban stream: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 22, p. 4720-4728, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.039.","startPage":"4720","endPage":"4728","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216610,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.039"},{"id":244491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"409","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0698e4b0c8380cd51311","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, G.K.","contributorId":62362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nettesheim, T.G.","contributorId":92891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nettesheim","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, E.W.","contributorId":92515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartell, S.E.","contributorId":40817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartell","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036728,"text":"70036728 - 2011 - Rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus in wild birds: Use of a portable rRT-PCR and freeze-dried reagents in the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T18:52:11.151666","indexId":"70036728","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2498,"text":"Journal of Visualized Experiments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus in wild birds: Use of a portable rRT-PCR and freeze-dried reagents in the field","docAbstract":"Wild birds have been implicated in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) of the H5N1 subtype, prompting surveillance along migratory flyways. Sampling of wild birds for avian influenza virus (AIV) is often conducted in remote regions, but results are often delayed because of the need to transport samples to a laboratory equipped for molecular testing. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is a molecular technique that offers one of the most accurate and sensitive methods for diagnosis of AIV. The previously strict lab protocols needed for rRT-PCR are now being adapted for the field. Development of freeze-dried (lyophilized) reagents that do not require cold chain, with sensitivity at the level of wet reagents has brought on-site remote testing to a practical goal. Here we present a method for the rapid diagnosis of AIV in wild birds using an rRT-PCR unit (Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device or RAPID, Idaho Technologies, Salt Lake City, UT) that employs lyophilized reagents (Influenza A Target 1 Taqman; ASAY-ASY-0109, Idaho Technologies). The reagents contain all of the necessary components for testing at appropriate concentrations in a single tube: primers, probes, enzymes, buffers and internal positive controls, eliminating errors associated with improper storage or handling of wet reagents. The portable unit performs a screen for Influenza A by targeting the matrix gene and yields results in 2-3 hours. Genetic subtyping is also possible with H5 and H7 primer sets that target the hemagglutinin gene. The system is suitable for use on cloacal and oropharyngeal samples collected from wild birds, as demonstrated here on the migratory shorebird species, the western sandpiper (Calidrus mauri) captured in Northern California. Animal handling followed protocols approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and permits of the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory. The primary advantage of this technique is to expedite diagnosis of wild birds, increasing the chances of containing an outbreak in a remote location. On-site diagnosis would also prove useful for identifying and studying infected individuals in wild populations. The opportunity to collect information on host biology (immunological and physiological response to infection) and spatial ecology (migratory performance of infected birds) will provide insights into the extent to which wild birds can act as vectors for AIV over long distances.","language":"English","publisher":"JoVE","doi":"10.3791/2829","issn":"1940087X","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Hill, N., Schultz, A., Iverson, S.A., Cardona, C., Boyce, W., and Dudley, J., 2011, Rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus in wild birds: Use of a portable rRT-PCR and freeze-dried reagents in the field: Journal of Visualized Experiments, v. 54, e2829, https://doi.org/10.3791/2829.","productDescription":"e2829","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475410,"rank":3,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3217620","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3791/2829"},{"id":245430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94d3e4b0c8380cd8163d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, N.J.","contributorId":55655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schultz, A.K.","contributorId":88983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, S. A.","contributorId":22556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cardona, C.J.","contributorId":63654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardona","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyce, W.M.","contributorId":12266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dudley, J.P.","contributorId":22609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034135,"text":"70034135 - 2011 - Developing a Scenario for widespread use: Best practices, lessons learned","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034135","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a Scenario for widespread use: Best practices, lessons learned","docAbstract":"The ShakeOut Scenario is probably the most widely known and used earthquake scenario created to date. Much of the credit for its widespread dissemination and application lies with scenario development criteria that focused on the needs and involvement of end users and with a suite of products that tailored communication of the results to varied end users, who ranged from emergency managers to the general public, from corporations to grassroots organizations. Products were most effective when they were highly visual, when they emphasized the findings of social scientists, and when they communicated the experience of living through the earthquake. This paper summarizes the development criteria and the products that made the ShakeOut Scenario so widely known and used, and it provides some suggestions for future improvements. ?? 2011, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.3574445","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Perry, S., Jones, L., and Cox, D., 2011, Developing a Scenario for widespread use: Best practices, lessons learned: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. 2, p. 263-272, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3574445.","startPage":"263","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475352,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110926-092227680","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216966,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3574445"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0007e4b0c8380cd4f54b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, S.","contributorId":70340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, L.","contributorId":26084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, D.","contributorId":72599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046616,"text":"70046616 - 2011 - Water sample locations for Fanno Creek, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:03:30","indexId":"70046616","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water sample locations for Fanno Creek, Oregon","docAbstract":"Fanno Creek is a tributary to the Tualatin River and flows though parts of the southwest Portland metropolitan area. The stream is heavily influenced by urban runoff and shows characteristic flashy streamflow and poor water quality commonly associated with urban streams. This data set represents the locations where water-quality samples were collected.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046616","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., 2011, Water sample locations for Fanno Creek, Oregon, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046616.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273761,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/fannoCk_water_samples.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -129.351779,39.745375 ], [ -129.351779,55.265926 ], [ -109.448056,55.265926 ], [ -109.448056,39.745375 ], [ -129.351779,39.745375 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff9e4b0ee1529ed3d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034204,"text":"70034204 - 2011 - Historical influence of soil and water management on sediment and carbon budgets in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034204","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical influence of soil and water management on sediment and carbon budgets in the United States","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.118","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Sundquist, E., Ackerman, K., Stallard, R., and Bliss, N., 2011, Historical influence of soil and water management on sediment and carbon budgets in the United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. SUPPL., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.118.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475232,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4978","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216941,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.118"},{"id":244843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3191e4b0c8380cd5e024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundquist, E.T.","contributorId":13990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundquist","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, K.V.","contributorId":88464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bliss, N.B. 0000-0003-2409-5211","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":104094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"N.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034303,"text":"70034303 - 2011 - Calibration of Nu-Instruments Noblesse multicollector mass spectrometers for argon isotopic measurements using a newly developed reference gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T20:24:55.156752","indexId":"70034303","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of Nu-Instruments Noblesse multicollector mass spectrometers for argon isotopic measurements using a newly developed reference gas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The greatest challenge limiting&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar multicollection measurements is the availability of appropriate standard gasses to intercalibrate detectors. In particular, use of zoom lens ion-optics to steer and focus ion beams into a fixed detector array (i.e., Nu Instruments Noblesse) makes intercalibration of multiple detectors challenging because different ion-optic tuning conditions are required for optimal peak shape and sensitivity at different mass stations. We have found that detector efficiency and mass discrimination are affected by changes in ion-optic tuning parameters. Reliance upon an atmospheric Ar standard to calibrate the Noblesse is problematic because there is no straightforward way to relate atmospheric&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar and&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup><span>Ar to measurements of&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar and&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar if they are measured on separate detectors. After exploring alternative calibration approaches, we have concluded that calibration of the Noblesse is best performed using exactly the same source, detector, and ion-optic tuning settings as those used in routine&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar analysis. To accomplish this, we have developed synthetic reference gasses containing&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar,&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar and&nbsp;</span><sup>38</sup><span>Ar produced by mixing gasses derived from neutron-irradiated sanidine with an enriched&nbsp;</span><sup>38</sup><span>Ar spike. We present a new method for calibrating the Noblesse based on use of both atmospheric Ar and the synthetic reference gasses. By combining atmospheric Ar and synthetic reference gas in different ways, we can directly measure&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar,&nbsp;</span><sup>38</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar, and&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar correction factors over ratios that vary from 0.5 to 460. These correction factors are reproducible to better than ±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.5‰ (2σ standard error) over intervals spanning ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>24</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>h but can vary systematically by ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>4% over 2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>weeks of continuous use when electron multiplier settings are held constant. Monitoring this variation requires daily calibration of the instrument. Application of the calibration method to&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar multicollection measurements of widely used sanidine reference materials ACs-2, FCs-2, and TCs-2 demonstrate that calculated&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar*/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar</span><sub>K</sub><span>&nbsp;can be accurately corrected to yield model&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar ages consistent with those reported by Earthtime&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar laboratories. Replicate analyses of 8–12 single-crystal sanidine ages are reproduced to within 1–2‰ (2σ standard error) under optimal analytical conditions. This calibration technique is applicable over a wide range of isotopic ratios and signal sizes. Finally, the reference gas has the added advantage of facilitating straightforward characterization of electron multiplier dead time over a wide dynamic range.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.003","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Coble, M., Grove, M., and Calvert, A., 2011, Calibration of Nu-Instruments Noblesse multicollector mass spectrometers for argon isotopic measurements using a newly developed reference gas: Chemical Geology, v. 290, no. 1-2, p. 75-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"87","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216947,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.003"}],"volume":"290","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f311e4b0c8380cd4b5a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coble, M.A.","contributorId":52012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, M.","contributorId":65271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, A.T.","contributorId":49969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034270,"text":"70034270 - 2011 - A Web-Based Decision Support System for Assessing Regional Water-Quality Conditions and Management Actions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034270","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Web-Based Decision Support System for Assessing Regional Water-Quality Conditions and Management Actions","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program has completed a number of water-quality prediction models for nitrogen and phosphorus for the conterminous United States as well as for regional areas of the nation. In addition to estimating water-quality conditions at unmonitored streams, the calibrated SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models can be used to produce estimates of yield, flow-weighted concentration, or load of constituents in water under various land-use condition, change, or resource management scenarios. A web-based decision support infrastructure has been developed to provide access to SPARROW simulation results on stream water-quality conditions and to offer sophisticated scenario testing capabilities for research and water-quality planning via a graphical user interface with familiar controls. The SPARROW decision support system (DSS) is delivered through a web browser over an Internet connection, making it widely accessible to the public in a format that allows users to easily display water-quality conditions and to describe, test, and share modeled scenarios of future conditions. SPARROW models currently supported by the DSS are based on the modified digital versions of the 1:500,000-scale River Reach File (RF1) and 1:100,000-scale National Hydrography Dataset (medium-resolution, NHDPlus) stream networks. ?? 2011 American Water Resources Association. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00573.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Booth, N., Everman, E., Kuo, I., Sprague, L., and Murphy, L., 2011, A Web-Based Decision Support System for Assessing Regional Water-Quality Conditions and Management Actions: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1136-1150, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00573.x.","startPage":"1136","endPage":"1150","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475399,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00573.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00573.x"},{"id":244848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e315e4b0c8380cd45df4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, N.L.","contributorId":60815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everman, E.J.","contributorId":88583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everman","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuo, I.-L.","contributorId":71421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuo","given":"I.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sprague, L.","contributorId":12295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, L.","contributorId":60049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034234,"text":"70034234 - 2011 - Introduction to the featured collection on \"nonstationarity, hydrologic frequency analysis, and water management\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034234","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to the featured collection on \"nonstationarity, hydrologic frequency analysis, and water management\"","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00551.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Kiang, J., Olsen, J., and Waskom, R., 2011, Introduction to the featured collection on \"nonstationarity, hydrologic frequency analysis, and water management\": Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 3, p. 433-435, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00551.x.","startPage":"433","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00551.x"},{"id":244777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dfbe4b0c8380cd639ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kiang, J.E.","contributorId":101058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, J.R.","contributorId":81340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waskom, R.M.","contributorId":81720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waskom","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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