{"pageNumber":"1809","pageRowStart":"45200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70136242,"text":"70136242 - 2011 - Status and distribution of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak and Aleutian Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:19:22","indexId":"70136242","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and distribution of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak and Aleutian Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"

The Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris is adapted for life in glacial-marine ecosystems, being concentrated in the belt of glaciated fjords in the northern Gulf of Alaska from Glacier Bay to Cook Inlet. Most of the remaining birds are scattered along coasts of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, where they reside in protected bays and inlets, often in proximity to remnant glaciers or recently deglaciated landscapes. We summarize existing information on Kittlitz's Murrelet in this mainly unglaciated region, extending from Kodiak Island in the east to the Near Islands in the west. From recent surveys, we estimated that ~2400 Kittlitz's Murrelets were found in several large embayments along the Alaska Peninsula, where adjacent ice fields feed silt-laden water into the bays. On Kodiak Island, where only remnants of ice remain today, observations of Kittlitz's Murrelets at sea were uncommon. The species has been observed historically around the entire Kodiak Archipelago, however, and dozens of nest sites were found in recent years. We found Kittlitz's Murrelets at only a few islands in the Aleutian chain, notably those with long complex shorelines, high mountains and remnant glaciers. The largest population (~1600 birds) of Kittlitz's Murrelet outside the Gulf of Alaska was found at Unalaska Island, which also supports the greatest concentration of glacial ice in the Aleutian Islands. Significant populations were found at Atka (~1100 birds), Attu (~800) and Adak (~200) islands. Smaller numbers have been reported from Unimak, Umnak, Amlia, Kanaga, Tanaga, Kiska islands, and Agattu Island, where dozens of nest sites have been located in recent years. Most of those islands have not been thoroughly surveyed, and significant pockets of Kittlitz's Murrelets may yet be discovered. Our estimate of ~6000 Kittlitz's Murrelets along the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands is also likely to be conservative because of the survey protocols we employed (i.e. early seasonal timing of surveys, strip transects).

","language":"English","publisher":"African Seabird Group","usgsCitation":"Madison, E.N., Piatt, J.F., Arimitsu, M.L., Romano, M.D., van Pelt, T.I., Nelson, S.K., Williams, J.C., and DeGange, A.R., 2011, Status and distribution of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak and Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 39, no. 1, p. 111-122.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028350","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -196.171875,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -196.171875,\n 59.489726035537075\n ],\n [\n -153.6328125,\n 59.489726035537075\n ],\n [\n -153.6328125,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -196.171875,\n 48.40003249610685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c62e4b08de9379b376a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madison, Erica N. emadison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"Erica","email":"emadison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, S. Kim","contributorId":86680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kim","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":126882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034843,"text":"70034843 - 2011 - Genetic diversity and demographic instability in Riftia pachyptila tubeworms from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-10T20:58:34.18535","indexId":"70034843","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":955,"text":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity and demographic instability in Riftia pachyptila tubeworms from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents","docAbstract":"

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent animals occupy patchy and ephemeral habitats supported by chemosynthetic primary production. Volcanic and tectonic activities controlling the turnover of these habitats contribute to demographic instability that erodes genetic variation within and among colonies of these animals. We examined DNA sequences from one mitochondrial and three nuclear gene loci to assess genetic diversity in the siboglinid tubeworm, Riftia pachyptila, a widely distributed constituent of vents along the East Pacific Rise and Galápagos Rift.

Genetic differentiation (F ST ) among populations increased with geographical distances, as expected under a linear stepping-stone model of dispersal. Low levels of DNA sequence diversity occurred at all four loci, allowing us to exclude the hypothesis that an idiosyncratic selective sweep eliminated mitochondrial diversity alone. Total gene diversity declined with tectonic spreading rates. The southernmost populations, which are subjected to superfast spreading rates and high probabilities of extinction, are relatively homogenous genetically.

Compared to other vent species, DNA sequence diversity is extremely low in R. pachyptila. Though its dispersal abilities appear to be effective, the low diversity, particularly in southern hemisphere populations, is consistent with frequent local extinction and (re)colonization events

","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1471-2148-11-96","issn":"14712148","usgsCitation":"Coykendall, D., Johnson, S., Karl, S., Lutz, R., and Vrijenhoek, R., 2011, Genetic diversity and demographic instability in Riftia pachyptila tubeworms from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents: BMC Evolutionary Biology, v. 11, no. 1, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-96.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475067,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-96","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216024,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-96"}],"otherGeospatial":"Eastern Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -109.6875,\n 21.94304553343818\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n -103.71093749999999,\n -46.55886030311717\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n -47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 0\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 13.581920900545844\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 27.68352808378776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1572e4b0c8380cd54dfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coykendall, Dolly","contributorId":215163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coykendall","given":"Dolly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.B.","contributorId":80894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, S.A.","contributorId":6281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lutz, R.A.","contributorId":30388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vrijenhoek, R.C.","contributorId":68132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrijenhoek","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034840,"text":"70034840 - 2011 - Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T13:07:41","indexId":"70034840","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler","docAbstract":"

A negative bias in discharge measurements made with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) can be caused by the movement of sediment on or near the streambed. The integration of a global positioning system (GPS) to track the movement of the ADCP can be used to avoid the systematic negative bias associated with a moving streambed. More than 500 discharge transects from 63 discharge measurements with GPS data were collected at sites throughout the US, Canada, and New Zealand with no moving bed to compare GPS and bottom-track-referenced discharges. Although the data indicated some statistical bias depending on site conditions and type of GPS data used, these biases were typically about 0.5% or less. An assessment of differential correction sources was limited by a lack of data collected in a range of different correction sources and different GPS receivers at the same sites. Despite this limitation, the data indicate that the use of Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) corrected positional data is acceptable for discharge measurements using GGA as the boat-velocity reference. The discharge data based on GPS-referenced boat velocities from the VTG data string, which does not require differential correction, were comparable to the discharges based on GPS-referenced boat velocities from the differentially-corrected GGA data string. Spatial variability of measure discharges referenced to GGA, VTG and bottom-tracking is higher near the channel banks. The spatial variability of VTG-referenced discharges is correlated with the spatial distribution of maximum Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) values and the spatial variability of GGA-referenced discharges is correlated with proximity to channel banks.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.02.025","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C., and Mueller, D.S., 2011, Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler: Journal of Hydrology, v. 401, no. 3-4, p. 250-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.02.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"401","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f853e4b0c8380cd4d015","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034822,"text":"70034822 - 2011 - Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:55:30","indexId":"70034822","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2404,"text":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities","docAbstract":"

This study evaluates biomarkers of mercury exposure among residents of Horlivka, a city in eastern Ukraine located in an area with geologic and industrial sources of environmental mercury, and residents of Artemivsk, a nearby comparison city outside the mercury-enriched area. Samples of urine, blood, hair, and nails were collected from study participants, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on age, gender, occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, fish consumption, tattoos, dental amalgams, home heating system, education, source of drinking water, and family employment in mines. Median biomarker mercury concentrations in Artemivsk were 0.26 μg/g-Cr (urine), 0.92 μg/L (blood), 0.42 μg/g (hair), 0.11 μg/g (toenails), and 0.09 μg/g (fingernails); median concentrations in Horlivka were 0.15 μg/g-Cr (urine), 1.01 μg/L (blood), 0.14 μg/g (hair), 0.31 μg/g (toenails), and 0.31 μg/g (fingernails). Biomarkers of mercury exposure for study participants from Horlivka and Artemivsk are low in comparison with occupationally exposed workers at a mercury recycling facility in Horlivka and in comparison with exposures known to be associated with clinical effects. Blood and urinary mercury did not suggest a higher mercury exposure among Horlivka residents as compared with Artemivsk; however, three individuals living in the immediate vicinity of the mercury mines had elevated blood and urinary mercury, relative to overall results for either city. For a limited number of residents from Horlivka (N = 7) and Artemivsk (N = 4), environmental samples (vacuum cleaner dust, dust wipes, soil) were collected from their residences. Mercury concentrations in vacuum cleaner dust and soil were good predictors of blood and urinary mercury.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15459624.2011.556984","issn":"15459624","usgsCitation":"Gibb, H., Haver, C., Kozlov, K., Centeno, J., Jurgenson, V., Kolker, A., Conko, K.M., Landa, E.R., and Xu, H., 2011, Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, v. 8, no. 4, p. 187-193, https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2011.556984.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":381,"text":"Mercury Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ukraine","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[31.786,52.10168],[32.15941,52.06127],[32.41206,52.28869],[32.71576,52.23847],[33.7527,52.33507],[34.39173,51.76888],[34.14198,51.56641],[34.22482,51.25599],[35.02218,51.20757],[35.37792,50.77396],[35.35612,50.5772],[36.62617,50.22559],[37.39346,50.38395],[38.01063,49.91566],[38.59499,49.92646],[40.06906,49.60106],[40.08079,49.30743],[39.67466,48.78382],[39.89563,48.23241],[39.73828,47.89894],[38.77058,47.82561],[38.25511,47.5464],[38.22354,47.10219],[37.42514,47.02222],[36.75985,46.6987],[35.82368,46.64596],[34.96234,46.2732],[35.02079,45.65122],[35.51001,45.40999],[36.53,45.46999],[36.33471,45.11322],[35.24,44.94],[33.88251,44.36148],[33.32642,44.56488],[33.54692,45.03477],[32.45417,45.32747],[32.6308,45.51919],[33.58816,45.85157],[33.29857,46.0806],[31.74414,46.33335],[31.67531,46.70625],[30.74875,46.5831],[30.37761,46.03241],[29.60329,45.29331],[29.14972,45.46493],[28.67978,45.30403],[28.23355,45.48828],[28.48527,45.59691],[28.65999,45.93999],[28.93372,46.25883],[28.86297,46.43789],[29.07211,46.51768],[29.17065,46.37926],[29.75997,46.34999],[30.02466,46.42394],[29.83821,46.52533],[29.90885,46.67436],[29.55967,46.92858],[29.41514,47.34665],[29.05087,47.51023],[29.1227,47.8491],[28.67089,48.11815],[28.25955,48.15556],[27.52254,48.46712],[26.85782,48.36821],[26.61934,48.22073],[26.19745,48.22088],[25.94594,47.98715],[25.20774,47.89106],[24.86632,47.73753],[24.40206,47.98188],[23.76096,47.9856],[23.14224,48.09634],[22.71053,47.88219],[22.64082,48.15024],[22.08561,48.42226],[22.28084,48.82539],[22.55814,49.08574],[22.77642,49.0274],[22.51845,49.47677],[23.42651,50.30851],[23.92276,50.42488],[24.02999,50.70541],[23.52707,51.57845],[24.00508,51.61744],[24.55311,51.88846],[25.32779,51.91066],[26.33796,51.83229],[27.45407,51.5923],[28.24162,51.57223],[28.61761,51.42771],[28.99284,51.60204],[29.25494,51.36823],[30.15736,51.41614],[30.55512,51.3195],[30.61945,51.82281],[30.92755,52.04235],[31.786,52.10168]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ukraine\"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f18ae4b0c8380cd4acb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibb, H.","contributorId":92075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibb","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haver, C.","contributorId":35974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haver","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kozlov, K.","contributorId":56877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozlov","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Centeno, J.A.","contributorId":73806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jurgenson, V.","contributorId":88968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgenson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conko, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-6361-4921 kmconko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":2930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmconko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Xu, H.","contributorId":83331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70034821,"text":"70034821 - 2011 - Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its implications for sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T11:44:54","indexId":"70034821","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its implications for sampling","docAbstract":"Predictive models of microclimate under various site conditions in forested headwater stream - riparian areas are poorly developed, and sampling designs for characterizing underlying riparian microclimate gradients are sparse. We used riparian microclimate data collected at eight headwater streams in the Oregon Coast Range to compare ordinary kriging (OK), universal kriging (UK), and kriging with external drift (KED) for point prediction of mean maximum air temperature (Tair). Several topographic and forest structure characteristics were considered as site-specific parameters. Height above stream and distance to stream were the most important covariates in the KED models, which outperformed OK and UK in terms of root mean square error. Sample patterns were optimized based on the kriging variance and the weighted means of shortest distance criterion using the simulated annealing algorithm. The optimized sample patterns outperformed systematic sample patterns in terms of mean kriging variance mainly for small sample sizes. These findings suggest methods for increasing efficiency of microclimate monitoring in riparian areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/x11-015","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Eskelson, B., Anderson, P.D., Hagar, J., and Temesgen, H., 2011, Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its implications for sampling: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 41, no. 5, p. 974-985, https://doi.org/10.1139/x11-015.","startPage":"974","endPage":"985","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215611,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-015"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28b2e4b0c8380cd5a317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eskelson, B.N.I.","contributorId":79725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eskelson","given":"B.N.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, P. D.","contributorId":91189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagar, J.C.","contributorId":46208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Temesgen, H.","contributorId":50371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temesgen","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034819,"text":"70034819 - 2011 - Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow modeling in a gravel-bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034819","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow modeling in a gravel-bed river","docAbstract":"Many applications in river research and management rely upon two-dimensional (2D) numerical models to characterize flow fields, assess habitat conditions, and evaluate channel stability. Predictions from such models are potentially highly uncertain due to the uncertainty associated with the topographic data provided as input. This study used a spatial stochastic simulation strategy to examine the effects of topographic uncertainty on flow modeling. Many, equally likely bed elevation realizations for a simple meander bend were generated and propagated through a typical 2D model to produce distributions of water-surface elevation, depth, velocity, and boundary shear stress at each node of the model's computational grid. Ensemble summary statistics were used to characterize the uncertainty associated with these predictions and to examine the spatial structure of this uncertainty in relation to channel morphology. Simulations conditioned to different data configurations indicated that model predictions became increasingly uncertain as the spacing between surveyed cross sections increased. Model sensitivity to topographic uncertainty was greater for base flow conditions than for a higher, subbankfull flow (75% of bankfull discharge). The degree of sensitivity also varied spatially throughout the bend, with the greatest uncertainty occurring over the point bar where the flow field was influenced by topographic steering effects. Uncertain topography can therefore introduce significant uncertainty to analyses of habitat suitability and bed mobility based on flow model output. In the presence of such uncertainty, the results of these studies are most appropriately represented in probabilistic terms using distributions of model predictions derived from a series of topographic realizations. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009618","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Legleiter, C., Kyriakidis, P., McDonald, R.R., and Nelson, J.M., 2011, Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow modeling in a gravel-bed river: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009618.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009618"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a081ae4b0c8380cd51996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legleiter, C.J.","contributorId":104727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kyriakidis, P.C.","contributorId":66506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyriakidis","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, R. R.","contributorId":72810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034818,"text":"70034818 - 2011 - Future directions in geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T09:32:21","indexId":"70034818","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1490,"text":"Elements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future directions in geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry","docAbstract":"

Humanity is confronted with an enormous challenge, as succinctly stated by the late Steven Schneider (2001; quoted by Jantzen 2004*): “Humans are forcing the Earth’s environmental systems to change at a rate that is more advanced than their knowledge of the consequences.” Geobiologists and low-temperature geochemists characterize material from the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere to understand processes operating within and between these components of the Earth system from the atomic to the planetary scale. For this reason, the interwoven disciplines of geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry are central to understanding and ultimately predicting the behavior of these life-sustaining systems. We present here comments and recommendations from the participants of a workshop entitled “Future Directions in Geobiology and Low-Temperature Geochemistry,” hosted by the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, DC, on 27–28 August 2010. The goal of the workshop was to suggest ways to leverage the vast intellectual and analytical capabilities of our diverse scientific community to characterize the Earth’s past, present, and future geochemical habitat as we enter the second decade of what E. O. Wilson dubbed “the century of the environment.”

","largerWorkTitle":"Elements","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","issn":"18115209","usgsCitation":"Freeman, K., and Goldhaber, M., 2011, Future directions in geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry: Elements, v. 7, no. 2, p. 138-139.","productDescription":"2","startPage":"138","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-030765","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1431e4b0c8380cd54949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Katherine H.","contributorId":35906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Katherine H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034815,"text":"70034815 - 2011 - Effects of ignition location models on the burn patterns of simulated wildfires","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T11:55:53.194341","indexId":"70034815","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of ignition location models on the burn patterns of simulated wildfires","docAbstract":"

Fire simulation studies that use models such as FARSITE often assume that ignition locations are distributed randomly, because spatially explicit information about actual ignition locations are difficult to obtain. However, many studies show that the spatial distribution of ignition locations, whether human-caused or natural, is non-random. Thus, predictions from fire simulations based on random ignitions may be unrealistic. However, the extent to which the assumption of ignition location affects the predictions of fire simulation models has never been systematically explored. Our goal was to assess the difference in fire simulations that are based on random versus non-random ignition location patterns. We conducted four sets of 6000 FARSITE simulations for the Santa Monica Mountains in California to quantify the influence of random and non-random ignition locations and normal and extreme weather conditions on fire size distributions and spatial patterns of burn probability. Under extreme weather conditions, fires were significantly larger for non-random ignitions compared to random ignitions (mean area of 344.5 ha and 230.1 ha, respectively), but burn probability maps were highly correlated (r = 0.83). Under normal weather, random ignitions produced significantly larger fires than non-random ignitions (17.5 ha and 13.3 ha, respectively), and the spatial correlations between burn probability maps were not high (r = 0.54), though the difference in the average burn probability was small. The results of the study suggest that the location of ignitions used in fire simulation models may substantially influence the spatial predictions of fire spread patterns. However, the spatial bias introduced by using a random ignition location model may be minimized if the fire simulations are conducted under extreme weather conditions when fire spread is greatest.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.11.016","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Bar-Massada, A., Syphard, A., Hawbaker, T., Stewart, S.I., and Radeloff, V.C., 2011, Effects of ignition location models on the burn patterns of simulated wildfires: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 26, no. 5, p. 583-592, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.11.016.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"592","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Malibu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.22088623046875,\n 33.920571528675076\n ],\n [\n -118.41064453125,\n 33.920571528675076\n ],\n [\n -118.41064453125,\n 34.22088697429016\n ],\n [\n -119.22088623046875,\n 34.22088697429016\n ],\n [\n -119.22088623046875,\n 33.920571528675076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0721e4b0c8380cd51588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bar-Massada, A.","contributorId":7524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bar-Massada","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Syphard, A.D.","contributorId":68950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syphard","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":196234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":447773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, S. I.","contributorId":99779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radeloff, V. C.","contributorId":58467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radeloff","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034813,"text":"70034813 - 2011 - Hydrodynamics of a bathymetrically complex fringing coral reef embayment: Wave climate, in situ observations, and wave prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T12:54:06","indexId":"70034813","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrodynamics of a bathymetrically complex fringing coral reef embayment: Wave climate, in situ observations, and wave prediction","docAbstract":"This paper examines the relationship between offshore wave climate and nearshore waves and currents at Hanalei Bay, Hawaii, an exposed bay fringed with coral reefs. Analysis of both offshore in situ data and numerical hindcasts identify the predominance of two wave conditions: a mode associated with local trade winds and an episodic pattern associated with distant source long-period swells. Analysis of 10 months of in situ data within the bay show that current velocities are up to an order of magnitude greater during long-period swell episodes than during trade wind conditions; overall circulation patterns are also fundamentally different. The current velocities are highly correlated with incident wave heights during the swell episodes, while they are not during the modal trade wind conditions. A phase-averaged wave model was implemented with the dual purpose of evaluating application to bathymetrically complex fringing reefs and to examine the propagation of waves into the nearshore in an effort to better explain the large difference in observed circulation during the two offshore wave conditions. The prediction quality of this model was poorer for the episodic condition than for the lower-energy mode, however, it illustrated how longer-period swells are preferentially refracted into the bay and make available far more nearshore wave energy to drive currents compared to waves during modal conditions. The highly episodic circulation, the nature of which is dependent on complex refraction patterns of episodic, long-period swell has implications for flushing and sediment dynamics for incised fringing reef-lined bays that characterize many high islands at low latitudes around the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JC006170","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hoeke, R., Storlazzi, C., and Ridd, P., 2011, Hydrodynamics of a bathymetrically complex fringing coral reef embayment: Wave climate, in situ observations, and wave prediction: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 116, no. C4, C04018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006170.","productDescription":"C04018","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475221,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006170","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215990,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006170"},{"id":243829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hanalei Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.520674,22.200727 ], [ -159.520674,22.220948 ], [ -159.494017,22.220948 ], [ -159.494017,22.200727 ], [ -159.520674,22.200727 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"C4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3340e4b0c8380cd5ee68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoeke, R.","contributorId":29239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeke","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, C. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":103895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ridd, P.","contributorId":55663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridd","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034703,"text":"70034703 - 2011 - Testing earthquake source inversion methodologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T10:30:24","indexId":"70034703","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing earthquake source inversion methodologies","docAbstract":"Source Inversion Validation Workshop; Palm Springs, California, 11-12 September 2010; Nowadays earthquake source inversions are routinely performed after large earthquakes and represent a key connection between recorded seismic and geodetic data and the complex rupture process at depth. The resulting earthquake source models quantify the spatiotemporal evolution of ruptures. They are also used to provide a rapid assessment of the severity of an earthquake and to estimate losses. However, because of uncertainties in the data, assumed fault geometry and velocity structure, and chosen rupture parameterization, it is not clear which features of these source models are robust. Improved understanding of the uncertainty and reliability of earthquake source inversions will allow the scientific community to use the robust features of kinematic inversions to more thoroughly investigate the complexity of the rupture process and to better constrain other earthquakerelated computations, such as ground motion simulations and static stress change calculations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011EO090007","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Page, M., Mai, P., and Schorlemmer, D., 2011, Testing earthquake source inversion methodologies: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 9, p. 75-75, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO090007.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215784,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO090007"}],"volume":"92","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5c3e4b08c986b320c6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, M.","contributorId":67649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mai, P.M.","contributorId":32712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mai","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schorlemmer, D.","contributorId":30468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorlemmer","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034701,"text":"70034701 - 2011 - Geographic variation in morphology of Alaska-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) is not maintained on their nonbreeding grounds in New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T11:12:33","indexId":"70034701","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation in morphology of Alaska-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) is not maintained on their nonbreeding grounds in New Zealand","docAbstract":"

Among scolopacid shorebirds, Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) have unusually high intra- and intersexual differences in size and breeding plumage. Despite historical evidence for population structure among Alaska-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (L. l. baueri), no thorough analysis, or comparison with the population's nonbreeding distribution, has been undertaken. We used live captures, field photography, museum specimens, and individuals tracked from New Zealand to describe geographic variation in size and plumage within the Alaska breeding range. We found a north-south cline in body size in Alaska, in which the smallest individuals of each sex occurred at the highest latitudes. Extent of male breeding plumage (proportion of nonbreeding contour feathers replaced) also increased with latitude, but female breeding plumage was most extensive at mid-latitudes. This population structure was not maintained in the nonbreeding season: morphometrics of captured birds and timing of migratory departures indicated that individuals from a wide range of breeding latitudes occur in each region and site in New Zealand. Links among morphology, phenology, and breeding location suggest the possibility of distinct Alaska breeding populations that mix freely in the nonbreeding season, and also imply that the strongest selection for size occurs in the breeding season.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2011.10231","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Conklin, J.R., Battley, P.F., Potter, M.A., and Ruthrauff, D.R., 2011, Geographic variation in morphology of Alaska-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) is not maintained on their nonbreeding grounds in New Zealand: The Auk, v. 128, no. 2, p. 363-373, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2011.10231.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"373","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2011.10231","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1789e4b0c8380cd55532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conklin, Jesse R.","contributorId":169340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conklin","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battley, Phil F.","contributorId":27272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battley","given":"Phil","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potter, Murray A.","contributorId":80109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potter","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034676,"text":"70034676 - 2011 - Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four Yucca moths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034676","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four Yucca moths","docAbstract":"Comparative phylogeographic studies have had mixed success in identifying common phylogeographic patterns among co-distributed organisms. Whereas some have found broadly similar patterns across a diverse array of taxa, others have found that the histories of different species are more idiosyncratic than congruent. The variation in the results of comparative phylogeographic studies could indicate that the extent to which sympatrically-distributed organisms share common biogeographic histories varies depending on the strength and specificity of ecological interactions between them. To test this hypothesis, we examined demographic and phylogeographic patterns in a highly specialized, coevolved community - Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia) and their associated yucca moths. This tightly-integrated, mutually interdependent community is known to have experienced significant range changes at the end of the last glacial period, so there is a strong a priori expectation that these organisms will show common signatures of demographic and distributional changes over time. Using a database of >5000 GPS records for Joshua trees, and multi-locus DNA sequence data from the Joshua tree and four species of yucca moth, we combined paleaodistribution modeling with coalescent-based analyses of demographic and phylgeographic history. We extensively evaluated the power of our methods to infer past population size and distributional changes by evaluating the effect of different inference procedures on our results, comparing our palaeodistribution models to Pleistocene-aged packrat midden records, and simulating DNA sequence data under a variety of alternative demographic histories. Together the results indicate that these organisms have shared a common history of population expansion, and that these expansions were broadly coincident in time. However, contrary to our expectations, none of our analyses indicated significant range or population size reductions at the end of the last glacial period, and the inferred demographic changes substantially predate Holocene climate changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0025628","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Smith, C., Tank, S., Godsoe, W., Levenick, J., Strand, E., Esque, T., and Pellmyr, O., 2011, Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four Yucca moths: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025628.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475189,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025628","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215866,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025628"},{"id":243698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f822e4b0c8380cd4ced7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, C.I.","contributorId":41670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tank, S.","contributorId":84179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tank","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godsoe, W.","contributorId":7106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsoe","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Levenick, J.","contributorId":59265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levenick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strand, Espen","contributorId":91280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strand","given":"Espen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esque, T.","contributorId":19893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pellmyr, O.","contributorId":98970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellmyr","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034673,"text":"70034673 - 2011 - Feasibility of waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for shallow shear-wave velocity using a genetic algorithm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T11:46:48.294146","indexId":"70034673","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feasibility of waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for shallow shear-wave velocity using a genetic algorithm","docAbstract":"

Conventional surface wave inversion for shallow shear (S)-wave velocity relies on the generation of dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves. This constrains the method to only laterally homogeneous (or very smooth laterally heterogeneous) earth models. Waveform inversion directly fits waveforms on seismograms, hence, does not have such a limitation. Waveforms of Rayleigh waves are highly related to S-wave velocities. By inverting the waveforms of Rayleigh waves on a near-surface seismogram, shallow S-wave velocities can be estimated for earth models with strong lateral heterogeneity. We employ genetic algorithm (GA) to perform waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for S-wave velocities. The forward problem is solved by finite-difference modeling in the time domain. The model space is updated by generating offspring models using GA. Final solutions can be found through an iterative waveform-fitting scheme. Inversions based on synthetic records show that the S-wave velocities can be recovered successfully with errors no more than 10% for several typical near-surface earth models. For layered earth models, the proposed method can generate one-dimensional S-wave velocity profiles without the knowledge of initial models. For earth models containing lateral heterogeneity in which case conventional dispersion-curve-based inversion methods are challenging, it is feasible to produce high-resolution S-wave velocity sections by GA waveform inversion with appropriate priori information. The synthetic tests indicate that the GA waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves has the great potential for shallow S-wave velocity imaging with the existence of strong lateral heterogeneity.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.09.028","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Zeng, C., Xia, J., Miller, R., and Tsoflias, G., 2011, Feasibility of waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for shallow shear-wave velocity using a genetic algorithm: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 75, no. 4, p. 648-655, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.09.028.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"648","endPage":"655","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f3fe4b0c8380cd5382f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeng, C.","contributorId":94519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tsoflias, G.P.","contributorId":31225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsoflias","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034672,"text":"70034672 - 2011 - Divergence in forest-type response to climate and weather: Evidence for regional links between forest-type evenness and net primary productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T11:50:07.497015","indexId":"70034672","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Divergence in forest-type response to climate and weather: Evidence for regional links between forest-type evenness and net primary productivity","docAbstract":"

Climate change is altering long-term climatic conditions and increasing the magnitude of weather fluctuations. Assessing the consequences of these changes for terrestrial ecosystems requires understanding how different vegetation types respond to climate and weather. This study examined 20 years of regional-scale remotely sensed net primary productivity (NPP) in forests of the northern Lake States to identify how the relationship between NPP and climate or weather differ among forest types, and if NPP patterns are influenced by landscape-scale evenness of forest-type abundance. These results underscore the positive relationship between temperature and NPP. Importantly, these results indicate significant differences among broadly defined forest types in response to both climate and weather. Essentially all weather variables that were strongly related to annual NPP displayed significant differences among forest types, suggesting complementarity in response to environmental fluctuations. In addition, this study found that forest-type evenness (within 8 × 8 km2 areas) is positively related to long-term NPP mean and negatively related to NPP variability, suggesting that NPP in pixels with greater forest-type evenness is both higher and more stable through time. This is landscape- to subcontinental-scale evidence of a relationship between primary productivity and one measure of biological diversity. These results imply that anthropogenic or natural processes that influence the proportional abundance of forest types within landscapes may influence long-term productivity patterns.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-011-9460-8","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Bradford, J., 2011, Divergence in forest-type response to climate and weather: Evidence for regional links between forest-type evenness and net primary productivity: Ecosystems, v. 14, no. 6, p. 975-986, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9460-8.","productDescription":"12 p","startPage":"975","endPage":"986","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10021-011-9460-8"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0348e4b0c8380cd503e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradford, J.B.","contributorId":62036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034664,"text":"70034664 - 2011 - The efficacy of salvage logging in reducing subsequent fire severity in conifer-dominated forests of Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T15:27:51.954056","indexId":"70034664","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The efficacy of salvage logging in reducing subsequent fire severity in conifer-dominated forests of Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"

Although primarily used to mitigate economic losses following disturbance, salvage logging has also been justified on the basis of reducing fire risk and fire severity; however, its ability to achieve these secondary objectives remains unclear. The patchiness resulting from a sequence of recent disturbances—blowdown, salvage logging, and wildfire—provided an excellent opportunity to assess the impacts of blowdown and salvage logging on wildfire severity. We used two fire‐severity assessments (tree‐crown and forest‐floor characteristics) to compare post‐wildfire conditions among three treatment combinations (Blowdown–Salvage–Fire, Blowdown–Fire, and Fire only). Our results suggest that salvage logging reduced the intensity (heat released) of the subsequent fire. However, its effect on severity (impact to the system) differed between the tree crowns and forest floor: tree‐crown indices suggest that salvage logging decreased fire severity (albeit with modest statistical support), while forest‐floor indices suggest that salvage logging increased fire severity. We attribute the latter finding to the greater exposure of mineral soil caused by logging operations; once exposed, soils are more likely to register the damaging effects of fire, even if fire intensity is not extreme. These results highlight the important distinction between fire intensity and severity when formulating post‐disturbance management prescriptions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/11-0380.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Fraver, S., Jain, T., Bradford, J., D’Amato, A., Kastendick, D., Palik, B., Shinneman, D., and Stanovick, J., 2011, The efficacy of salvage logging in reducing subsequent fire severity in conifer-dominated forests of Minnesota, USA: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1895-1901, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0380.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1895","endPage":"1901","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475403,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0380.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215693,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0380.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Gunflint Corridor of the Superior National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 47.724544549099676\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 47.29413372501023\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 47.17477833929903\n ],\n [\n -89.31884765624999,\n 47.945786463687185\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 48.23930899024907\n ],\n [\n -92.43896484375,\n 48.44377831058802\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 48.60385760823255\n ],\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 47.724544549099676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babb5e4b08c986b323006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraver, S.","contributorId":93718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraver","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jain, T.","contributorId":92509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jain","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, J.B.","contributorId":62036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"D’Amato, A.W.","contributorId":86577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Amato","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kastendick, D.","contributorId":36380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastendick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Palik, B.","contributorId":68977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palik","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shinneman, D.","contributorId":17844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stanovick, J.","contributorId":62428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanovick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034661,"text":"70034661 - 2011 - Breeding chorus indices are weakly related to estimated abundance of boreal chorus frogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T23:34:08","indexId":"70034661","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding chorus indices are weakly related to estimated abundance of boreal chorus frogs","docAbstract":"Call surveys used to monitor breeding choruses of anuran amphibians generate index values that are frequently used to represent the number of male frogs present, but few studies have quantified this relationship. We compared abundance of male Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata), estimated using capture–recapture methods in two populations in Colorado, to call index values derived from automated recordings. Single index values, such as might result from large monitoring efforts, were unrelated to population size. A synthetic call saturation index (CSI), the daily proportion of the maximum possible sum of index values derived from multiple recordings, was greater in larger populations, but the relationship was not highly predictive.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","publisherLocation":"http://www.asih.org","doi":"10.1643/CH-10-190","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., Muths, E., Kissel, A., and Scherer, R.D., 2011, Breeding chorus indices are weakly related to estimated abundance of boreal chorus frogs: Copeia, v. 2011, no. 3, p. 365-371, https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-10-190.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"371","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CH-10-190"},{"id":243447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2011","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f26be4b0c8380cd4b176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kissel, A.M.","contributorId":72673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kissel","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034657,"text":"70034657 - 2011 - Metallothionein-like multinuclear clusters of mercury(II) and sulfur in peat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T17:39:19.398815","indexId":"70034657","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metallothionein-like multinuclear clusters of mercury(II) and sulfur in peat","docAbstract":"

Strong mercury(II)–sulfur (Hg-SR) bonds in natural organic matter, which influence mercury bioavailability, are difficult to characterize. We report evidence for two new Hg-SR structures using X-ray absorption spectroscopy in peats from the Florida Everglades with added Hg. The first, observed at a mole ratio of organic reduced S to Hg (Sred/Hg) between 220 and 1140, is a Hg4Sx type of cluster with each Hg atom bonded to two S atoms at 2.34 Å and one S at 2.53 Å, and all Hg atoms 4.12 Å apart. This model structure matches those of metal–thiolate clusters in metallothioneins, but not those of HgS minerals. The second, with one S atom at 2.34 Å and about six C atoms at 2.97 to 3.28 Å, occurred at Sred/Hg between 0.80 and 4.3 and suggests Hg binding to a thiolated aromatic unit. The multinuclear Hg cluster indicates a strong binding environment to cysteinyl sulfur that might impede methylation. Along with a linear Hg(SR)2 unit with Hg—S bond lengths of 2.34 Å at Sred/Hg of about 10 to 20, the new structures support a continuum in Hg-SR binding strength in natural organic matter.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es201025v","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Nagy, K.L., Manceau, A., Gasper, J.D., Ryan, J.N., and Aiken, G., 2011, Metallothionein-like multinuclear clusters of mercury(II) and sulfur in peat: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 17, p. 7298-7306, https://doi.org/10.1021/es201025v.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7298","endPage":"7306","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-028777","costCenters":[{"id":381,"text":"Mercury Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a54f1e4b0c8380cd6d0a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagy, K. L.","contributorId":56408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manceau, A.","contributorId":80507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manceau","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gasper, J. D.","contributorId":58837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034653,"text":"70034653 - 2011 - Simultaneous speciation of arsenic, selenium, and chromium: Species stability, sample preservation, and analysis of ash and soil leachates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-15T11:54:12.104638","indexId":"70034653","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":764,"text":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simultaneous speciation of arsenic, selenium, and chromium: Species stability, sample preservation, and analysis of ash and soil leachates","docAbstract":"

An analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection previously developed for the determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) has been adapted to allow the determination of As(III), As(V), Se(IV), Se(VI), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) under the same chromatographic conditions. Using this method, all six inorganic species can be determined in less than 3 min. A dynamic reaction cell (DRC)–ICP-MS system was used to detect the species eluted from the chromatographic column in order to reduce interferences. A variety of reaction cell gases and conditions may be utilized with the DRC–ICP-MS, and final selection of conditions is determined by data quality objectives. Results indicated all starting standards, reagents, and sample vials should be thoroughly tested for contamination. Tests on species stability indicated that refrigeration at 10 °C was preferential to freezing for most species, particularly when all species were present, and that sample solutions and extracts should be analyzed as soon as possible to eliminate species instability and interconversion effects. A variety of environmental and geological samples, including waters and deionized water [leachates] and simulated biological leachates from soils and wildfire ashes have been analyzed using this method. Analytical spikes performed on each sample were used to evaluate data quality. Speciation analyses were conducted on deionized water leachates and simulated lung fluid leachates of ash and soils impacted by wildfires. These results show that, for leachates containing high levels of total Cr, the majority of the chromium was present in the hexavalent Cr(VI) form. In general, total and hexavalent chromium levels for samples taken from burned residential areas were higher than those obtained from non-residential forested areas. Arsenic, when found, was generally in the more oxidized As(V) form. Selenium (IV) and (VI) were present, but typically at low levels.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00216-011-5275-x","issn":"16182642","usgsCitation":"Wolf, R., Morman, S., Hageman, P., Hoefen, T., and Plumlee, G., 2011, Simultaneous speciation of arsenic, selenium, and chromium: Species stability, sample preservation, and analysis of ash and soil leachates: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, v. 401, no. 9, p. 2733-2745, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5275-x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2733","endPage":"2745","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"401","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90d6e4b08c986b31969e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, R.E.","contributorId":11827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, S.A.","contributorId":74982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hageman, P. L. 0000-0002-3440-2150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":27459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoefen, T.M. 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":18143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034651,"text":"70034651 - 2011 - Marine and terrestrial factors affecting Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae chick growth and recruitment off the western Antarctic Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-12T13:16:57","indexId":"70034651","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine and terrestrial factors affecting Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae chick growth and recruitment off the western Antarctic Peninsula","docAbstract":"

An individual-based bioenergetics model that simulates the growth of an Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliaechick from hatching to fledging was used to assess marine and terrestrial factors that affect chick growth and fledging mass off the western Antarctic Peninsula. Simulations considered the effects on Adélie penguin fledging mass of (1) modification of chick diet through the addition of Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum to an all-Antarctic krillEuphausia superba diet, (2) reduction of provisioning rate which may occur as a result of an environmental stress such as reduced prey availability, and (3) increased thermoregulatory costs due to wetting of chicks which may result from increased precipitation or snow-melt in colonies. Addition of 17% Antarctic silverfish of Age-Class 3 yr (AC3) to a penguin chick diet composed of Antarctic krill increased chick fledging mass by 5%. Environmental stress that results in >4% reduction in provisioning rate or wetting of just 10% of the chick’s surface area decreased fledging mass enough to reduce the chick’s probability of successful recruitment. The negative effects of reduced provisioning and wetting on chick growth can be compensated for by inclusion of Antarctic silverfish of AC3 and older in the chick diet. Results provide insight into climate-driven processes that influence chick growth and highlight a need for field research designed to investigate factors that determine the availability of AC3 and older Antarctic silverfish to foraging Adélie penguins and the influence of snowfall on chick wetting, thermoregulation and adult provisioning rate.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps09242","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Chapman, E.W., Hofmann, E.E., Patterson, D.L., Ribic, C.A., and Fraser, W., 2011, Marine and terrestrial factors affecting Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae chick growth and recruitment off the western Antarctic Peninsula: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 436, p. 273-289, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09242.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475406,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09242","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215980,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09242"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.080078125,\n -74.82193420356529\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n -61.52269494598358\n ],\n [\n -54.755859375,\n -61.52269494598358\n ],\n [\n -54.755859375,\n -74.82193420356529\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n -74.82193420356529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"436","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51cae4b0c8380cd6bf3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Erik W.","contributorId":76099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofmann, Eileen E.","contributorId":55726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Donna L.","contributorId":102711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ribic, Christine A. caribic@usgs.gov","contributorId":831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":446866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fraser, William R.","contributorId":94277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034646,"text":"70034646 - 2011 - Review: Regional land subsidence accompanying groundwater extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-28T14:48:36.513601","indexId":"70034646","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review: Regional land subsidence accompanying groundwater extraction","docAbstract":"The extraction of groundwater can generate land subsidence by causing the compaction of susceptible aquifer systems, typically unconsolidated alluvial or basin-fill aquifer systems comprising aquifers and aquitards. Various ground-based and remotely sensed methods are used to measure and map subsidence. Many areas of subsidence caused by groundwater pumping have been identified and monitored, and corrective measures to slow or halt subsidence have been devised. Two principal means are used to mitigate subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal—reduction of groundwater withdrawal, and artificial recharge. Analysis and simulation of aquifer-system compaction follow from the basic relations between head, stress, compressibility, and groundwater flow and are addressed primarily using two approaches—one based on conventional groundwater flow theory and one based on linear poroelasticity theory. Research and development to improve the assessment and analysis of aquifer-system compaction, the accompanying subsidence and potential ground ruptures are needed in the topic areas of the hydromechanical behavior of aquitards, the role of horizontal deformation, the application of differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry, and the regional-scale simulation of coupled groundwater flow and aquifer-system deformation to support resource management and hazard mitigation measures.","language":"English, French, Spanish","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-011-0775-5","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Galloway, D.L., and Burbey, T.J., 2011, Review: Regional land subsidence accompanying groundwater extraction: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 8, p. 1459-1486, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0775-5.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1459","endPage":"1486","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243729,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0775-5"}],"volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaca3e4b0c8380cd86d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burbey, Thomas J.","contributorId":51770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burbey","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034643,"text":"70034643 - 2011 - Fine-scale spatio-temporal variation in tiger Panthera tigris diet: Effect of study duration and extent on estimates of tiger diet in Chitwan National Park, Nepal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T16:59:22.310191","indexId":"70034643","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3766,"text":"Wildlife Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale spatio-temporal variation in tiger Panthera tigris diet: Effect of study duration and extent on estimates of tiger diet in Chitwan National Park, Nepal","docAbstract":"

Attempts to conserve declining tiger Panthera tigris populations and distributions have experienced limited success. The poaching of tiger prey is a key threat to tiger persistence; a clear understanding of tiger diet is a prerequisite to conserve dwindling populations. We used unpublished data on tiger diet in combination with two previously published studies to examine fine-scale spatio-temporal changes in tiger diet relative to prey abundance in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, and aggregated data from the three studies to examine the effect that study duration and the size of the study area have on estimates of tiger diet. Our results correspond with those of previous studies: in all three studies, tiger diet was dominated by members of Cervidae; small to medium-sized prey was important in one study. Tiger diet was unrelated to prey abundance, and the aggregation of studies indicates that increasing study duration and study area size both result in increased dietary diversity in terms of prey categories consumed, and increasing study duration changed which prey species contributed most to tiger diet. Based on our results, we suggest that managers focus their efforts on minimizing the poaching of all tiger prey, and that future studies of tiger diet be of long duration and large spatial extent to improve our understanding of spatio-temporal variation in estimates of tiger diet.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2981/10-127","issn":"09096396","usgsCitation":"Kapfer, P.M., Streby, H.M., Gurung, B., Simcharoen, A., McDougal, C., and Smith, J., 2011, Fine-scale spatio-temporal variation in tiger Panthera tigris diet: Effect of study duration and extent on estimates of tiger diet in Chitwan National Park, Nepal: Wildlife Biology, v. 17, no. 3, p. 277-285, https://doi.org/10.2981/10-127.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"285","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215865,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2981/10-127"}],"country":"Nepal","otherGeospatial":"Chitwan National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 83.88473510742186,\n 27.436384043710643\n ],\n [\n 84.0179443359375,\n 27.447352944393767\n ],\n [\n 84.1058349609375,\n 27.51314343580719\n ],\n [\n 84.1387939453125,\n 27.499744856370658\n ],\n [\n 84.29122924804688,\n 27.38030375235113\n ],\n [\n 84.62905883789062,\n 27.333955100147545\n ],\n [\n 84.7430419921875,\n 27.35347268647926\n ],\n [\n 84.78149414062499,\n 27.510707451811573\n ],\n [\n 84.583740234375,\n 27.684744163600723\n ],\n [\n 84.42306518554688,\n 27.77591152683427\n ],\n [\n 84.0234375,\n 27.756468889550746\n ],\n [\n 83.8311767578125,\n 27.610538528074823\n ],\n [\n 83.88473510742186,\n 27.436384043710643\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1027e4b0c8380cd53b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kapfer, Paul M.","contributorId":11437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapfer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurung, B.","contributorId":68981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurung","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simcharoen, A.","contributorId":9492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simcharoen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDougal, C.C.","contributorId":96278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, J.L.D.","contributorId":18480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034633,"text":"70034633 - 2011 - Sources and Delivery of Nutrients to the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico from Streams in the South-Central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T17:22:26.259382","indexId":"70034633","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and Delivery of Nutrients to the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico from Streams in the South-Central United States","docAbstract":"

SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were developed to estimate nutrient inputs [total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP)] to the northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico from streams in the South‐Central United States (U.S.). This area included drainages of the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas‐White‐Red, and Texas‐Gulf hydrologic regions. The models were standardized to reflect nutrient sources and stream conditions during 2002. Model predictions of nutrient loads (mass per time) and yields (mass per area per time) generally were greatest in streams in the eastern part of the region and along reaches near the Texas and Louisiana shoreline. The Mississippi River and Atchafalaya River watersheds, which drain nearly two‐thirds of the conterminous U.S., delivered the largest nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico, as expected. However, the three largest delivered TN yields were from the Trinity River/Galveston Bay, Calcasieu River, and Aransas River watersheds, while the three largest delivered TP yields were from the Calcasieu River, Mermentau River, and Trinity River/Galveston Bay watersheds. Model output indicated that the three largest sources of nitrogen from the region were atmospheric deposition (42%), commercial fertilizer (20%), and livestock manure (unconfined, 17%). The three largest sources of phosphorus were commercial fertilizer (28%), urban runoff (23%), and livestock manure (confined and unconfined, 23%).

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2011 - A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage reflectance in black-capped chickadees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:10:35","indexId":"70034632","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage reflectance in black-capped chickadees","docAbstract":"Honest advertisement models posit that only individuals in good health can produce and/or maintain ornamental traits. Even though disease has profound effects on condition, few studies have experimentally tested its effects on trait expression and even fewer have identified a mechanistic basis for these effects. Recent evidence suggests that black and white, but not grey, plumage colors of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) are sexually selected. We therefore hypothesized that birds afflicted with avian keratin disorder, a condition that affects the beak and other keratinized tissues, would show reduced expression of black and white, but not grey, color. UV-vis spectrometry of black-capped chickadees affected and unaffected by avian keratin disorder revealed spectral differences between them consistent with this hypothesis. To elucidate the mechanistic bases of these differences, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and a feather cleaning experiment. SEM showed extreme feather soiling in affected birds, and EDX revealed that this was most likely from external sources. Experimentally cleaning the feathers increased color expression of ornamental feathers of affected, but not unaffected, birds. These data provide strong evidence that black and white color is an honest indicator in chickadees, and that variation in feather dirtiness, likely due to differences in preening behavior is a mechanism for this association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0025877","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"D'Alba, L., Van Hemert, C.R., Handel, C.M., and Shawkey, M., 2011, A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage reflectance in black-capped chickadees: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025877.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475404,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025877","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025877"}],"volume":"6","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e494e4b0c8380cd4673b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D'Alba, L.","contributorId":9079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D'Alba","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shawkey, M.D.","contributorId":97731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shawkey","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034630,"text":"70034630 - 2011 - Sediment dynamics and the burial and exhumation of bedrock reefs along an emergent coastline as elucidated by repetitive sonar surveys: Northern Monterey Bay, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-28T08:16:21","indexId":"70034630","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment dynamics and the burial and exhumation of bedrock reefs along an emergent coastline as elucidated by repetitive sonar surveys: Northern Monterey Bay, CA","docAbstract":"Two high-resolution bathymetric and acoustic backscatter sonar surveys were conducted along the energetic emergent inner shelf of northern Monterey Bay, CA, USA, in the fall of 2005 and the spring of 2006 to determine the impact of winter storm waves, beach erosion, and river floods on biologically-important siliclastic bedrock reef habitats. The surveys extended from water depths of 4 m to 22 m and covered an area of 3.14 km2, 45.8% of which was bedrock, gravel, and coarse-grained sand and 54.2% was fine-grained sand. Our analyses of the bathymetric and acoustic backscatter data demonstrates that during the 6 months between surveys, 11.4% of the study area was buried by fine-grained sand while erosion resulted in the exposure of bedrock or coarse-grained sand over 26.5% of the study area. The probability of burial decreased with increasing water depth and rugosity; the probability of exhumation increased with increasing wave-induced near-bed shear stress, seabed slope and rugosity. Much of the detected change was at the boundary between bedrock and unconsolidated sediment due to sedimentation and erosion burying or exhuming bedrock, respectively. In a number of cases, however, the change in seabed character was apparently due to changes in sediment grain size when scour exposed what appeared to be an underlying coarser-grained lag or the burial of coarser-grained sand and gravel by fine-grained sand. These findings suggest that, in some places, (a) burial and exhumation of nearshore bedrock reefs along rocky, energetic inner shelves occurs over seasonal timescales and appears related to intrinsic factors such as seabed morphology and extrinsic factors such as wave forces, and (b) single acoustic surveys typically employed for geologic characterization and/or habitat mapping may not adequately characterize the geomorphologic and sedimentologic nature of these types of environments that typify most of the Pacific Ocean and up to 50% of the world's coastlines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.010","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Fregoso, T., Golden, N., and Finlayson, D., 2011, Sediment dynamics and the burial and exhumation of bedrock reefs along an emergent coastline as elucidated by repetitive sonar surveys: Northern Monterey Bay, CA: Marine Geology, v. 289, no. 1-4, p. 46-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.010.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"59","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.010"},{"id":243479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.145,36.629 ], [ -122.145,36.941 ], [ -121.828,36.941 ], [ -121.828,36.629 ], [ -122.145,36.629 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"289","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8988e4b08c986b316e10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. 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Such adjustment includes climate-bias correction, spatial refinement (\"downscaling\"), and consideration of the roles of hydrologic processes that were neglected in the climate model. Described herein is a quantitative analysis of the effects of hydrologic adjustment on the projections of runoff change associated with projected twenty-first-century climate change. In a case study including three climate models and 10 river basins in the contiguous United States, the authors find that relative (i.e., fractional or percentage) runoff change computed with hydrologic adjustment more often than not was less positive (or, equivalently, more negative) than what was projected by the climate models. The dominant contributor to this decrease in runoff was a ubiquitous change in runoff (median -11%) caused by the hydrologic model’s apparent amplification of the climate-model-implied growth in potential evapotranspiration. Analysis suggests that the hydrologic model, on the basis of the empirical, temperature-based modified Jensen–Haise formula, calculates a change in potential evapotranspiration that is typically 3 times the change implied by the climate models, which explicitly track surface energy budgets. In comparison with the amplification of potential evapotranspiration, central tendencies of other contributions from hydrologic adjustment (spatial refinement, climate-bias adjustment, and process refinement) were relatively small. The authors’ findings highlight the need for caution when projecting changes in potential evapotranspiration for use in hydrologic models or drought indices to evaluate climate-change impacts on water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/2010EI363.1","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., and Dunne, K.A., 2011, On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration: Earth Interactions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010EI363.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019747","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010ei363.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270444,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010EI363.1"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf6e4b075500ee5ca7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Krista A. kadunne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Krista","email":"kadunne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}