During 2008–10, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Austin, the City of Dripping Springs, the Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, the Lower Colorado River Authority, Hays County, and Travis County, collected and analyzed water samples from five streams (Barton, Williamson, Slaughter, Bear, and Onion Creeks), two groundwater wells (Marbridge well [YD–58–50–704] and Buda well [LR–58–58–403]), and the main orifice of Barton Springs in Austin, Texas, with the objective of characterizing concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate and concentrations of wastewater compounds in the Barton Springs zone. The Barton Springs zone is in south-central Texas, an area undergoing rapid growth in population and in land area affected by development, with associated increases in wastewater generation. Over a period of 17 months, during which the hydrologic conditions transitioned from dry to wet, samples were collected routinely from the streams, wells, and spring and, in response to storms, from the streams and spring; some or all samples were analyzed for nitrate, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate, and wastewater compounds. The median nitrate concentrations in routine samples from all sites were higher in samples collected during the wet period than in samples collected during the dry period, with the greatest difference for stream samples (0.05 milligram per liter during the dry period to 0.96 milligram per liter for the wet period). Nitrate concentrations in recent (2008–10) samples were elevated relative to concentrations in historical (1990–2008) samples from streams and from Barton Springs under medium- and high-flow conditions. Recent nitrate concentrations were higher than historical concentrations at the Marbridge well but the reverse was true at the Buda well. The elevated concentrations likely are related to the cessation of dry conditions coupled with increased nitrogen loading in the contributing watersheds. An isotopic composition of nitrate (delta nitrogen–15) greater than 8 per mil in many of the samples indicated there was a contribution of nitrate with a biogenic (human and or animal waste, or both) origin. Wastewater compounds measured in routine samples were detected infrequently (3 percent of cases), and concentrations were very low (less than the method reporting level in most cases). There was no correlation between nitrate concentrations and the frequency of detection of wastewater compounds, indicating that wastewater compounds might be undergoing removal during such processes as infiltration through soil. Three potential sources of biogenic nitrate to the contributing zone were considered: septic systems, land application of treated wastewater, and domesticated dogs and cats. During 2001–10, the estimated densities of septic systems and domesticated dogs and cats (number per acre) increased in the watersheds of all five creeks, and the rate of land application of treated wastewater (gallons per day per acre) increased in the watersheds of Barton, Bear, and Onion Creeks. Considering the timing and location of the increases in the three sources, septic systems were considered a likely source of increased nitrate to Bear Creek; land application of treated wastewater a likely source to Barton, Bear, and Onion Creeks; and domestic dogs and cats a potential source principally to Williamson Creek. The results of this investigation indicate that baseline water quality, in terms of nitrate, has shifted upward between 2001 and 2010, even without any direct discharges of treated wastewater to the creeks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115018","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Austin, City of Dripping Springs, Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, Lower Colorado River Authority, Hays County, and Travis County","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Musgrove, M., Herrington, C., and Sample, T.L., 2011, Recent (2008-10) concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate and concentrations of wastewater compounds in the Barton Springs zone, south-central Texas, and their potential relation to urban development in the contributing zone: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5018, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115018.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5018.gif"},{"id":115731,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Central Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.76458740234375,\n 30.267370168467806\n ],\n [\n -97.85385131835938,\n 30.322507751454424\n ],\n [\n -97.9266357421875,\n 30.322507751454424\n ],\n [\n -97.96783447265625,\n 30.31895142366329\n ],\n [\n -98.09074401855469,\n 30.30294635121175\n ],\n [\n -98.16215515136719,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n -98.21090698242188,\n 30.234154095850688\n ],\n [\n -98.23219299316406,\n 30.17599895913958\n ],\n [\n -98.14224243164062,\n 30.073253543030656\n ],\n [\n -97.88200378417969,\n 30.023921574501376\n ],\n [\n -97.73574829101562,\n 30.248984087355694\n ],\n [\n -97.76458740234375,\n 30.267370168467806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64864e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrington, Chris","contributorId":9221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrington","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sample, Thomas L.","contributorId":24902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9001500,"text":"sir20095120 - 2011 - Borehole geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, 2003-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-24T14:19:42","indexId":"sir20095120","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5120","title":"Borehole geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, 2003-2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected borehole geophysical logs in 18 boreholes and interpreted the data along with logs from 19 additional boreholes as part of an ongoing, collaborative investigation at three environmental restoration sites in Machiasport, Maine. These sites, located on hilltops overlooking the seacoast, formerly were used for military defense. At each of the sites, chlorinated solvents, used as part of defense-site operations, have contaminated the fractured-rock aquifer. Borehole geophysical techniques and hydraulic methods were used to characterize bedrock lithology, fractures, and hydraulic properties. In addition, each geophysical method was evaluated for effectiveness for site characterization and for potential application for further aquifer characterization and (or) evaluation of remediation efforts. Results of borehole geophysical logging indicate the subsurface is highly fractured, metavolcanic, intrusive, metasedimentary bedrock. Selected geophysical logs were cross-plotted to assess correlations between rock properties. These plots included combinations of gamma, acoustic reflectivity, electromagnetic induction conductivity, normal resistivity, and single-point resistance. The combined use of acoustic televiewer (ATV) imaging and natural gamma logs proved to be effective for delineating rock types. Each of the rock units in the study area could be mapped in the boreholes, on the basis of the gamma and ATV reflectivity signatures. The gamma and mean ATV reflectivity data were used along with the other geophysical logs for an integrated interpretation, yielding a determination of quartz monzonite, rhyolite, metasedimentary units, or diabase/gabbro rock types. The interpretation of rock types on the basis of the geophysical logs compared well to drilling logs and geologic mapping. These results may be helpful for refining the geologic framework at depth. A stereoplot of all fractures intersecting the boreholes indicates numerous fractures, a high proportion of steeply dipping fractures, and considerable variation in fracture orientation. Low-dip-angle fractures associated with unloading and exfoliation are also present, especially at a depth of less than 100 feet below the top of casing. These sub-horizontal fractures help to connect the steeply dipping fractures, making this a highly connected fracture network. The high variability in the fracture orientations also increases the connectivity of the fracture network. A preliminary comparison of all fracture data from all the boreholes suggests fracturing decreases with depth. Because all the boreholes were not drilled to the same depth, however, there is a clear sampling bias. Hence, the deepest boreholes are analyzed separately for fracture density. For the deepest boreholes in the study, the intensity of fracturing does not decline significantly with depth. It is possible the fractures observed in these boreholes become progressively tighter or closed with depth, but this is difficult to verify with the borehole methods used in this investigation. The fact that there are more sealed fractures at depth (observed in optical televiewer logs in some of the boreholes) may indicate less opening of the sealed fractures, less water moving through the rock, and less weathering of the fracture infilling minerals. Although the fracture orientation remained fairly constant with depth, differences in the fracture patterns for the three restoration sites indicate the orientation of fractures varies across the study area. The fractures in boreholes on Miller Mountain predominantly strike northwest-southeast, and to a lesser degree they strike northeast. The fractures on or near the summit of Howard Mountain strike predominantly east-west and dip north and south, and the fractures near the Transmitter Site strike northeast-southwest and dip northwest and southeast. The fracture populations for the boreholes on or near the summit of Howard Mountain show more variation than at the other two sites. This variation may be related to the proximity of the fault, which is northeast of the summit of Howard Mountain. In a side-by-side comparison of stereoplots from selected boreholes, there was no clear correspondence between fracture orientation and proximity to the fault. There is, however, a difference in the total populations of fractures for the boreholes on or near the summit of Howard Mountain and the boreholes near the Transmitter Site. Further to the southwest and further away from the fault, the fractures at the Transmitter Site predominantly strike northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast.Heat-pulse flowmeter (HPFM) logging was used to identify transmissive fractures and to estimate the hydraulic properties along the boreholes. Ambient downflow was measured in 13 boreholes and ambient upflow was measured in 9 boreholes. In nine other bedrock boreholes, the HPFM did not detect measurable vertical flow. The observed direction of vertical flow in the boreholes generally was consistent with the conceptual flow model of downward movement in recharge locations and upward flow in discharge locations or at breaks in the slope of land surface. Under low-rate pumping or injection rates [0.25 to 1 gallon per minute (gal/min)], one to three inflow zones were identified in each borehole. Two limitations of HPFM methods are (1) the HPFM can only identify zones within 1.5 to 2 orders of magnitude of the most transmissive zone in each borehole, and (2) the HPFM cannot detect flow rates less than 0.010 + or - 0.005 gal/min, which corresponds to a transmissivity of about 1 foot squared per day (ft2/d). Consequently, the HPFM is considered an effective tool for identifying the most transmissive fractures in a borehole, down to its detection level. Transmissivities below that cut-off must be measured with another method, such as packer testing or fluid-replacement logging. Where sufficient water-level and flowmeter data were available, HPFM results were numerically modeled. For each borehole model, the fracture location and measured flow rates were specified, and the head and transmissivity of each fracture zone were adjusted until a model fit was achieved with the interpreted ambient and stressed flow profiles. The transmissivities calculated by this method are similar to the results of an open-hole slug test; with the added information from the flowmeter, however, the head and transmissivity of discrete zones also can be determined. The discrete-interval transmissivities ranged from 0.16 to 330 ft2/d. The flowmeter-derived open-hole transmissivity, which is the combined total of each of the transmissive zones, ranged from 1 to 511 ft2/d. The whole-well open-hole transmissivity values determined with HPFM methods were compared to the results of open-hole hydraulic tests. Despite the fact that the flowmeter-derived transmissivities consistently were lower than the estimates derived from open-hole hydraulic tests alone, the correlation was very strong (with a coefficient of determination, R2, of 0.9866), indicating the HPFM method provides a reasonable estimate of transmissivities for the most transmissive fractures in the borehole. Geologic framework, fracture characterization, and estimates of hydraulic properties were interpreted together to characterize the fracture network. The data and interpretation presented in this report should provide information useful for site investigators as the conceptual site groundwater flow model is refined. Collectively, the results and the conceptual site model are important for evaluating remediation options and planning or implementing the design of a well field and borehole completions that will be adequate for monitoring flow, remediation efforts, groundwater levels, and (or) water quality. Similar kinds of borehole geophysical logging (specifically the borehole imaging, gamma, fluid logs, and HPFM) should be conducted in any newly installed boreholes and integrated with interpretations of any nearby boreholes. If boreholes are installed close to existing or other new boreholes, cross-hole flowmeter surveys may be appropriate and may help characterize the aquifer properties and connections between the boreholes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the\r\nU.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.D., Mondazzi, R.A., and Joesten, P.K., 2011, Borehole geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, 2003-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5120, Report: viii, 75 p.; 6 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095120.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 75 p.; 6 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5120.jpg"},{"id":368562,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx01.pdf","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":368564,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx03.pdf","text":"Appendix 3"},{"id":368563,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx02.pdf","text":"Appendix 2"},{"id":368565,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx04.pdf","text":"Appendix 4"},{"id":368566,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx05.pdf","text":"Appendix 5"},{"id":368567,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx06.pdf","text":"Appendix 6"},{"id":19868,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/sir2009-5120_text_508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Machiasport","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.50240325927734,\n 44.618088532560364\n ],\n [\n -67.24113464355469,\n 44.618088532560364\n ],\n [\n -67.24113464355469,\n 44.75429167998072\n ],\n [\n -67.50240325927734,\n 44.75429167998072\n ],\n [\n -67.50240325927734,\n 44.618088532560364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mondazzi, Remo A.","contributorId":77898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mondazzi","given":"Remo","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99252,"text":"fs20103105 - 2011 - Understanding processes affecting mineral deposits in humid environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T09:05:09","indexId":"fs20103105","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3105","title":"Understanding processes affecting mineral deposits in humid environments","docAbstract":"Recent interdisciplinary studies by the U.S. Geological Survey have resulted in substantial progress toward understanding the influence that climate and hydrology have on the geochemical signatures of mineral deposits and the resulting mine wastes in the eastern United States. Specific areas of focus include the release, transport, and fate of acid, metals, and associated elements from inactive mines in temperate coastal areas and of metals from unmined mineral deposits in tropical to subtropical areas; the influence of climate, geology, and hydrology on remediation options for abandoned mines; and the application of radiogenic isotopes to uniquely apportion source contributions that distinguish natural from mining sources and extent of metal transport.\r\n\r\nThe environmental effects of abandoned mines and unmined mineral deposits result from a complex interaction of a variety of chemical and physical factors. These include the geology of the mineral deposit, the hydrologic setting of the mineral deposit and associated mine wastes, the chemistry of waters interacting with the deposit and associated waste material, the engineering of a mine as it relates to the reactivity of mine wastes, and climate, which affects such factors as temperature and the amounts of precipitation and evapotranspiration; these factors, in turn, influence the environmental behavior of mineral deposits. The role of climate is becoming increasingly important in environmental investigations of mineral deposits because of the growing concerns about climate change. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103105","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., and Ayuso, R.A., 2011, Understanding processes affecting mineral deposits in humid environments: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3105, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103105.","productDescription":"6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3105.gif"},{"id":14668,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99253,"text":"sir20105223 - 2011 - Effects of recreational flow releases on natural resources of the Indian and Hudson Rivers in the Central Adirondack Mountains, New York, 2004-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-25T13:33:41","indexId":"sir20105223","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5223","title":"Effects of recreational flow releases on natural resources of the Indian and Hudson Rivers in the Central Adirondack Mountains, New York, 2004-06","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), and Cornell University carried out a cooperative 2-year study from the fall of 2004 through the fall of 2006 to characterize the potential effects of recreational-flow releases from Lake Abanakee on natural resources in the Indian and Hudson Rivers. Researchers gathered baseline information on hydrology, temperature, habitat, nearshore wetlands, and macroinvertebrate and fish communities and assessed the behavior and thermoregulation of stocked brown trout in study reaches from both rivers and from a control river. The effects of recreational-flow releases (releases) were assessed by comparing data from affected reaches with data from the same reaches during nonrelease days, control reaches in a nearby run-of-the-river system (the Cedar River), and one reach in the Hudson River upstream from the confluence with the Indian River. A streamgage downstream from Lake Abanakee transmitted data by satellite from November 2004 to November 2006; these data were used as the basis for developing a rating curve that was used to estimate discharges for the study period. River habitat at most study reaches was delineated by using Global Positioning System and ArcMap software on a handheld computer, and wetlands were mapped by ground-based measurements of length, width, and areal density. River temperature in the Indian and Hudson Rivers was monitored continuously at eight sites during June through September of 2005 and 2006; temperature was mapped in 2005 by remote imaging made possible through collaboration with the Rochester Institute of Technology. Fish communities at all study reaches were surveyed and characterized through quantitative, nearshore electrofishing surveys. Macroinvertebrate communities in all study reaches were sampled using the traveling-kick method and characterized using standard indices. Radio telemetry was used to track the movement and persistence of stocked brown trout (implanted with temperature-sensitive transmitters) in the Indian and Hudson Rivers during the summer of 2005 and in all three rivers during the summer of 2006. The releases had little effect on river temperatures, but increased discharges by about one order of magnitude. Regardless of the releases, river temperatures at all study sites commonly exceeded the threshold known to be stressful to brown trout. At most sites, mean and median water temperatures on release days were not significantly different, or slightly lower, than water temperatures on nonrelease days. Most differences were very small and, thus, were probably not biologically meaningful. The releases generally increased the total surface area of fast-water habitat (rapids, runs, and riffles) and decreased the total surface area of slow-water habitat (pools, glides, backwater areas, and side channels). The total surface areas of wetlands bordering the Indian River were substantially smaller than the surface areas bordering the Cedar River; however, no channel geomorphology or watershed soil and topographic data were assessed to determine whether the releases or other factors were mainly responsible for observed differences. Results from surveys of resident biota indicate that the releases generally had a limited effect on fish and macroinvertebrate communities in the Indian River and had no effect on communities in the Hudson River. Compared to fish data from Cedar River control sites, the impoundment appeared to reduce total density, biomass, and richness in the Indian River at the first site downstream from Lake Abanakee, moderately reduce the indexes at the other two sites on the Indian River, and slightly reduce the indexes at the first Hudson River site downstream from the confluence with the Indian River. The densities of individual fish populations at all Indian River sites were also reduced, but related effects on fish populations in the Hudson River were less evident. Altho
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the\r\nNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., Mulvihill, C., Ernst, A., and Boisvert, B., 2011, Effects of recreational flow releases on natural resources of the Indian and Hudson Rivers in the Central Adirondack Mountains, New York, 2004-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5223, xix, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105223.","productDescription":"xix, 72 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5223.gif"},{"id":14669,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611998","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulvihill, C.I.","contributorId":17350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ernst, A.G.","contributorId":8973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boisvert, B.A.","contributorId":79601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boisvert","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99249,"text":"fs20113037 - 2011 - Enhancement of USGS scientific investigations in Texas by using geophysical techniques, 2005-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:48:55","indexId":"fs20113037","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3037","title":"Enhancement of USGS scientific investigations in Texas by using geophysical techniques, 2005-10","docAbstract":"Geophysical techniques are an increasingly important tool for scientific investigations, environmental planning, and resource management. During 2005-10 the U.S. Geological Survey Texas Water Science Center greatly expanded its capabilities of using surface and borehole geophysical techniques to gain insights into how groundwater systems work and the occurrence and distribution of certain contaminants. Geophysical techniques provide a relatively quick and inexpensive means to characterize the subsurface hydrology and lithology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/fs20113037","usgsCitation":"Stanton, G.P., Payne, J., Teeple, A., and Thomas, J.V., 2011, Enhancement of USGS scientific investigations in Texas by using geophysical techniques, 2005-10: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3037, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113037.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3037.gif"},{"id":14665,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6026b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, Jason 0000-0003-4294-7924 jdpayne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-7924","contributorId":1062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Jason ","email":"jdpayne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew 0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9001483,"text":"sir20105237 - 2011 - Hydrology, water budget, and water chemistry of Lake Panasoffkee, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20105237","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5237","title":"Hydrology, water budget, and water chemistry of Lake Panasoffkee, west-central Florida","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105237","usgsCitation":"McBride, W., Bellino, J.C., and Swancar, A., 2011, Hydrology, water budget, and water chemistry of Lake Panasoffkee, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5237, viii, 84 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105237.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5237.jpg"},{"id":14664,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5237/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc6fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, W. Scott","contributorId":15293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"W. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellino, Jason C. 0000-0001-9046-9344 jbellino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9344","contributorId":3724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellino","given":"Jason","email":"jbellino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swancar, Amy aswancar@usgs.gov","contributorId":450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swancar","given":"Amy","email":"aswancar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9001490,"text":"sir20115054 - 2011 - Geology, Hydrology, and Water Quality of the Little Blackwater River Watershed, Dorchester County, Maryland, 2006-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115054","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5054","title":"Geology, Hydrology, and Water Quality of the Little Blackwater River Watershed, Dorchester County, Maryland, 2006-09","docAbstract":"The Little Blackwater River watershed is a low-lying tidal watershed in Dorchester County, Maryland. The potential exists for increased residential development in a mostly agricultural watershed that drains into the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge. Groundwater and surface-water levels were collected along with water-quality samples to document hydrologic and geochemical conditions within the watershed prior to potential land-use changes. Lithologic logs were collected in the Little Blackwater River watershed and interpreted with existing geophysical logs to conceptualize the shallow groundwater-flow system. A shallow water table exists in much of the watershed as shown by sediment cores and surface geophysical surveys. Water-table wells have seasonal variations of 6 feet, with the lowest water levels occurring in September and October. Seasonally low water-table levels are lower than the stage of the Little Blackwater River, creating the potential for surface-water infiltration into the water table. Two stream gages, each equipped with stage, velocity, specific conductance, and temperature sensors, were installed at the approximate mid-point of the watershed and near the mouth of the Little Blackwater River. The gages recorded data continuously and also were equipped with telemetry. Discharge calculated at the mouth of the Little Blackwater River showed a seasonal pattern, with net positive discharge in the winter and spring months and net negative discharge (flow into the watershed from Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge and Fishing Bay) in the summer and fall months. Continuous water-quality records showed an increase in specific conductance during the summer and fall months. Discrete water-quality samples were collected during 2007--08 from 13 of 15 monitoring wells and during 2006--09 from 9 surface-water sites to characterize pre-development conditions and the seasonal variability of inorganic constituents and nutrients. The highest mean values of nitrogen are found in the deep groundwater system, with relatively low values in the water table. Surface-water-quality samples in the lower half of the basin show a significant increase in inorganic seawater constituents, especially in summer, corresponding with net negative discharge from the Little Blackwater River. Samples also were collected from nine wells and four surface-water sites for pesticides in June 2008. The herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, and simazine, and the insecticide fipronil were detected at each of the four surface-water sites, with concentrations less than 2 micrograms per liter. Concentrations of pesticides found in groundwater were typically one to two orders of magnitude lower than pesticide concentrations found in surface water of the Little Blackwater River. Seasonal hydraulic-gradient reversals between the shallow groundwater system and the Little Blackwater River, coincident with the inflow of brackish water from Fishing Bay and Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, indicate a potential for saltwater intrusion into the water table. The likelihood of saltwater intrusion into the water table is further supported by high chloride concentrations observed in water-table wells near the Little Blackwater River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Department of the Environment,\r\nMaryland Department of Natural Resources,\r\nMaryland Department of Agriculture,\r\nDorchester Soil Conservation District, and the\r\nU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Fleming, B.J., DeJong, B.D., and Phelan, D.J., 2011, Geology, Hydrology, and Water Quality of the Little Blackwater River Watershed, Dorchester County, Maryland, 2006-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5054, vi, 82 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115054.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p. ","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5054.bmp"},{"id":19274,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Brandon J. 0000-0001-9649-7485 bjflemin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9649-7485","contributorId":4115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Brandon","email":"bjflemin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeJong, Benjamin D. bdejong@usgs.gov","contributorId":2506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeJong","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdejong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phelan, Daniel J.","contributorId":51716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelan","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9001484,"text":"sir20115055 - 2011 - Geologic framework and hydrogeology of the middle Carson River Basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, West-Central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-27T18:52:47.446235","indexId":"sir20115055","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5055","title":"Geologic framework and hydrogeology of the middle Carson River Basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, West-Central Nevada","docAbstract":"Changes in land use and water use and increasing development of water resources in the middle Carson River basin may affect flow of the river and, in turn, affect downstream water users dependent on sustained river flows to Lahontan Reservoir. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, began a study in 2008 of the middle Carson River basin, extending from Eagle Valley to Churchill Valley. Various types of geologic and hydrologic data were compiled from previous studies, collected for this study, and compiled and analyzed to provide a framework for development of a numerical model of the groundwater and surface-water flow systems of the basin.
Geologic units that are assumed to have similar hydrologic characteristics were grouped into hydrogeologic units comprised of consolidated rocks of pre-Cenozoic age that underlie a unit of consolidated volcanic rock and semi-consolidated sediments of Tertiary age. The principal aquifer in the study area is comprised of unconsolidated sediments of Quaternary age. The Quaternary sediments include alluvial fan, fluvial, and lake sediments, and were grouped into a basin-fill hydrogeologic unit that overlies the pre-Cenozoic and Tertiary hydrologic units.
The thickness of the combined section of Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks and Quaternary basin-fill deposits previously was estimated to range from zero where pre-Cenozoic rocks are exposed to greater than 10,000 feet in the Bull Canyon subbasin, and greater than 6,000 feet on the western side of Churchill Butte and beneath the Desert Mountains. The thickness of Quaternary basin-fill sediments was estimated using gravity data and lithologic descriptions from driller’s logs. The most permeable parts of basin-fill sediments are greater than 1,000 feet thick in the Carson Plains subbasin, greater than 800 feet and 600 feet thick in the western and northeastern parts of the Stagecoach subbasin, and greater than 1,000 feet and 800 feet thick in the northern and southern parts of Churchill Valley, respectively.
The distribution of aquifer properties was estimated for basin-fill sediments using slug-test and aquifer test data, and the lithologic descriptions of previously mapped geologic units. Slug-test data show hydraulic conductivity is greater than 10 to greater than 100 feet per day for fluvial sediments near the flood plain, less than 10 feet per day for basin-fill sediments outside the flood plain, and less than 1 foot per day for consolidated rocks. Estimates of transmissivity exceed 20,000 feet squared per day near the Carson River in Dayton, Churchill, and western Lahontan Valleys and in the northern part of the Stagecoach subbasin, and exceed 10,000 feet squared per day in the western part of Churchill Valley. A transmissivity of 90,000 feet squared per day was estimated from results of an aquifer test in the Carson Plains subbasin, indicating that permeable gravel and cobble zones at depths greater than 400 feet supplied water to the pumping well. Estimates of specific yield ranged from less than 1 to 2 percent for most consolidated rocks, from 1 to 15 percent for semi-consolidated Tertiary sediments, and from 10 to 40 percent for unconsolidated basin-fill sediments.
Water-level altitude maps based on measurements at about 300 wells in 2009 show water levels have declined as much as 70 feet since 1964 on the northwestern side of Eagle Valley, about 10 feet since 1995 near Dayton in the Carson Plains subbasin, and from 5 to 10 feet since 1982 in the western and northeastern parts of the Stagecoach subbasin and the northwestern part of Churchill Valley. The declines are likely the result of municipal and agricultural pumping. The maps show a groundwater divide between the Carson Plains and Stagecoach subbasins, and a continuous hydraulic gradient between the Stagecoach subbasin and Churchill Valley. Groundwater flow directions are uncertain beneath parts of the boundary of Churchill Valley. The altitude of the top of pre-Cenozoic rocks shows thick sections of saturated Tertiary rocks and sediments south of the Dead Camel Mountains and beneath the eastern part of the Desert Mountains through which groundwater flow between Churchill Valley, Mason Valley, and Lahontan Valley may take place. North of Lahontan reservoir, beneath the Dead Camel Mountains, and beneath the southern part of Adrian Valley, the altitude of pre-Cenozoic rocks indicates groundwater flow between the three valleys is minimal.
Streamflow measurements, supported by data on the deuterium content and specific conductance of surface-water samples, indicate a loss of Carson River streamflow in the Riverview subbasin, streamflow gains in the Moundhouse subbasin and the eastern part of the Carson Plains subbasin, and streamflow losses in the Bull Canyon subbasin. Comparisons of fluctuations in groundwater levels to those in stream stage in the Carson Plains subbasin indicate that streamflow lost to infiltration from the Carson River, from irrigation ditches, and from irrigated fields is an important source of groundwater recharge. Fluctuations in groundwater levels compared with the stage of Lahontan Reservoir in Churchill Valley indicate losses to infiltration from the reservoir during high stage and groundwater seepage to the reservoir during low stage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., 2011, Geologic framework and hydrogeology of the middle Carson River Basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, West-Central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5055, Report: vii, 62 p.; Data release, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115055.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 62 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5055.jpg"},{"id":379827,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P5LJ3P","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for the report Geologic Framework and Hydrogeology of the Middle Carson River Basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, West-Central Nevada"},{"id":379826,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5055/pdf/sir20115055.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14655,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,38.333333333333336 ], [ -120,40.25 ], [ -118,40.25 ], [ -118,38.333333333333336 ], [ -120,38.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5a5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99225,"text":"sir20115035 - 2011 - Use of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to evaluate extreme flooding and transport of dissolved solids through Devils Lake and Stump Lake, North Dakota, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:31:41","indexId":"sir20115035","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5035","title":"Use of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to evaluate extreme flooding and transport of dissolved solids through Devils Lake and Stump Lake, North Dakota, 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Transportation, North Dakota State Water Commission, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, developed a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Devils Lake and Stump Lake, North Dakota to be used as a hydrologic tool for evaluating the effects of different inflow scenarios on water levels, circulation, and the transport of dissolved solids through the lake. The numerical model, UnTRIM, and data primarily collected during 2006 were used to develop and calibrate the Devils Lake model. Performance of the Devils Lake model was tested using 2009 data. The Devils Lake model was applied to evaluate the effects of an extreme flooding event on water levels and hydrological modifications within the lake on the transport of dissolved solids through Devils Lake and Stump Lake.\r\n\r\nFor the 2006 calibration, simulated water levels in Devils Lake compared well with measured water levels. The maximum simulated water level at site 1 was within 0.13 feet of the maximum measured water level in the calibration, which gives reasonable confidence that the Devils Lake model is able to accurately simulate the maximum water level at site 1 for the extreme flooding scenario. The timing and direction of winddriven fluctuations in water levels on a short time scale (a few hours to a day) were reproduced well by the Devils Lake model. For this application, the Devils Lake model was not optimized for simulation of the current speed through bridge openings. In future applications, simulation of current speed through bridge openings could be improved by more accurate definition of the bathymetry and geometry of select areas in the model grid.\r\n\r\nAs a test of the performance of the Devils Lake model, a simulation of 2009 conditions from April 1 through September 30, 2009 was performed. Overall, errors in inflow estimates affected the results for the 2009 simulation; however, for the rising phase of the lakes, the Devils Lake model accurately simulated the faster rate of rise in Devils Lake than in Stump Lake, and timing and direction of wind-driven fluctuations in water levels on a short time scale were reproduced well.\r\n\r\nTo help the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers determine the elevation to which the protective embankment for the city of Devils Lake should be raised, an extreme flooding scenario based on an inflow of one-half the probable maximum flood was simulated. Under the conditions and assumptions of the extreme flooding scenario, the water level for both lakes reached a maximum water level around 1,461.9 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929.\r\n\r\nOne factor limiting the extent of pumping from the Devils Lake State Outlet is sulfate concentrations in West Bay. If sulfate concentrations can be reduced in West Bay, pumping from the Devils Lake State Outlet potentially can increase. The Devils Lake model was used to simulate the transport of dissolved solids using specific conductance data as a surrogate for sulfate. Because the transport of dissolved solids was not calibrated, results from the simulations were not actual expected concentrations. However, the effects of hydrological modifications on the transport of dissolved solids could be evaluated by comparing the effects of hydrological modifications relative to a baseline scenario in which no hydrological modifications were made. Four scenarios were simulated: (1) baseline condition (no hydrological modification), (2) diversion of Channel A, (3) reduction of the area of water exchange between Main Bay and East Bay, and (4) combination of scenarios 2 and 3. Relative to scenario 1, mean concentrations in West Bay for scenarios 2 and 4 were reduced by approximately 9 percent. Given that there is no change in concentration for scenario 3, but about a 9-percent reduction in concentration for scenario 4, the diversion of Channel A was the only hydrologic modification that appeared to have the potential to reduce sulfate c","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with North Dakota Department of Transportation, North Dakota State Water Commission and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Nustad, R.A., Wood, T.M., and Bales, J.D., 2011, Use of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to evaluate extreme flooding and transport of dissolved solids through Devils Lake and Stump Lake, North Dakota, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5035, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115035.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5035.jpg"},{"id":14647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae3ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99218,"text":"fs20113044 - 2011 - Floristic Quality Index: An assessment tool for restoration projects and monitoring sites in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:31","indexId":"fs20113044","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3044","title":"Floristic Quality Index: An assessment tool for restoration projects and monitoring sites in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"The Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) program was established to assess the effectiveness of individual coastal restoration projects and the cumulative effects of multiple projects at regional and coastwide scales. In order to make these assessments, analytical teams have been assembled for each of the primary data types sampled under the CRMS program, including vegetation, hydrology, landscape, and soils. These teams consist of scientists and support staff from the U.S. Geological Survey and other Federal agencies, the Louisiana Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration, and university academics. Each team is responsible for developing or identifying parameters, indices, or tools that can be used to assess coastal wetlands at various scales. The CRMS Vegetation Analytical Team has developed a Floristic Quality Index for coastal Louisiana to determine the quality of a wetland based on its plant species composition and abundance.\r\n\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113044","usgsCitation":"Cretini, K., and Steyer, G., 2011, Floristic Quality Index: An assessment tool for restoration projects and monitoring sites in coastal Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3044, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113044.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3044.gif"},{"id":14640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df74f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cretini, K.F. 0000-0003-0419-0748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-0748","contributorId":55922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cretini","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steyer, G.D. 0000-0001-7231-0110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":40302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"G.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171002,"text":"70171002 - 2011 - Biodegradation and attenuation of steroidal hormones and alkylphenols by stream biofilms and sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T08:05:17","indexId":"70171002","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-26T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradation and attenuation of steroidal hormones and alkylphenols by stream biofilms and sediments","docAbstract":"Biodegradation of select endocrine-disrupting compounds (17β-estradiol, estrone, 17α-ethynylestradiol, 4-nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenolmonoexthoylate, and 4-nonylphenoldiethoxylate) was evaluated in stream biofilm, sediment, and water matrices collected from locations upstream and downstream from a wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge. Both biologically mediated transformation to intermediate metabolites and biologically mediated mineralization were evaluated in separate time interval experiments. Initial time intervals (0–7 d) evaluated biodegradation by the microbial community dominant at the time of sampling. Later time intervals (70 and 185 d) evaluated the biodegradation potential as the microbial community adapted to the absence of outside energy sources. The sediment matrix was more effective than the biofilm and water matrices at biodegrading 4-nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol. Biodegradation by the sediment matrix of 17α-ethynylestradiol occurred at later time intervals (70 and 185 d) and was not observed in the biofilm or water matrices. Stream biofilms play an important role in the attenuation of endocrine-disrupting compounds in surface waters due to both biodegradation and sorption processes. Because sorption to stream biofilms and bed sediments occurs on a faster temporal scale (<1 h) than the potential to biodegrade the target compounds (50% mineralization at >185 d), these compounds can accumulate in stream biofilms and sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es2000134","usgsCitation":"Writer, J., Barber, L.B., Ryan, J.N., and Bradley, P., 2011, Biodegradation and attenuation of steroidal hormones and alkylphenols by stream biofilms and sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 10, p. 4370-4376, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2000134.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4370","endPage":"4376","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026184","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d644ee4b07e28b66835b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey 0000-0002-8585-8166 jwriter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8585-8166","contributorId":169360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M.","contributorId":169364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":25482,"text":"U.S.G.S., Columbia, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9001470,"text":"sir20115003 - 2011 - Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T15:47:16","indexId":"sir20115003","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5003","title":"Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996-2010","docAbstract":"Pump and Treat (P&T) remediation is the primary technique used to contain and remove trichloroethylene (TCE) and its degradation products cis 1-2,dichloroethylene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) from groundwater at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. Three methods were used to determine the masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC removed from groundwater by the P&T system since it became fully operational in 1996. Method 1, is based on the flow volume and concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in groundwater that entered the P&T building as influent. Method 2 is based on withdrawal volume from each active recovery well and the concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in the water samples from each well. Method 3 compares the maximum monthly amount of TCE, cDCE, and VC from Method 1 and Method 2. The greater of the two values is selected to represent the masses of TCE, cDCE and VC removed from groundwater each month. Previously published P&T monthly reports used Method 1 to determine the mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC removed. The reports state that 8,666 pounds (lbs) of TCE, 13,689 lbs of cDCE, and 2,455 lbs of VC were removed by the P&T system during 1996-2010. By using Method 2, the mass removed was determined to be 8,985 lbs of TCE, 17,801 lbs of cDCE, and 3,056 lbs of VC removed, and Method 3, resulted in 10,602 lbs of TCE, 21,029 lbs of cDCE, and 3,496 lbs of VC removed. To determine the mass of original TCE removed from groundwater, the individual masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC (determined using Methods 1, 2, and 3) were converted to numbers of moles, summed, and converted to pounds of original TCE. By using the molar conversion the mass of original TCE removed from groundwater by Methods 1, 2, and 3 was 32,381 lbs, 39,535 lbs, and 46,452 lbs, respectively, during 1996-2010. P&T monthly reports state that 24,805 lbs of summed TCE, cDCE, and VC were removed from groundwater. The simple summing method underestimates the mass of original TCE removed by the P&T system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., 2011, Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5003, ix, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115003.","productDescription":"ix, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5003.png"},{"id":14630,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2244","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Mercer","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.80083333333333,40.266666666666666 ], [ -74.80083333333333,40.26694444444444 ], [ -74.80138888888888,40.26694444444444 ], [ -74.80138888888888,40.266666666666666 ], [ -74.80083333333333,40.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fda8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9001467,"text":"ds584 - 2011 - Digital surfaces and hydrogeologic data for the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T11:45:22","indexId":"ds584","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"584","title":"Digital surfaces and hydrogeologic data for the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"A digital dataset for the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina was developed from selected reports published as part of the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the 1980s. These reports contain maps and data depicting the extent and elevation of both time-stratigraphic and hydrogeologic units of which the aquifer system is composed, as well as data on hydrology, meteorology, and aquifer properties. The three primary reports used for this dataset compilation were USGS Professional Paper 1403-B (Miller, 1986), Professional Paper 1403-C (Bush and Johnston, 1988), and USGS Open-File Report 88-86 (Miller, 1988). Paper maps from Professional Papers 1403-B and 1403-C were scanned and georeferenced to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) using the Lambert Conformal Conic projection (standard parallels 33 and 45 degrees, central longitude -96 degrees, central latitude 39 degrees). Once georeferenced, tracing of pertinent line features contained in each image (for example, contours and faults) was facilitated by specialized software using algorithms that automated much of the process. Resulting digital line features were then processed using standard geographic information system (GIS) software to remove artifacts from the digitization process and to verify and update attribute tables. The digitization process for polygonal features (for example, outcrop areas and unit extents) was completed by hand using GIS software.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds584","usgsCitation":"Bellino, J.C., 2011, Digital surfaces and hydrogeologic data for the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 584, Digital Dataset , https://doi.org/10.3133/ds584.","productDescription":"Digital Dataset ","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":282,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center-Tampa","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_584.gif"},{"id":19259,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/584/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.56,24.39 ], [ -88.56,33.22 ], [ -79.48,33.22 ], [ -79.48,24.39 ], [ -88.56,24.39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d7b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellino, Jason C. 0000-0001-9046-9344 jbellino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9344","contributorId":3724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellino","given":"Jason","email":"jbellino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99215,"text":"ofr20101318 - 2011 - Determination of the anionic surfactant di(ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate in water samples collected from Gulf of Mexico coastal waters before and after landfall of oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, May to October, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:19:41","indexId":"ofr20101318","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1318","title":" Determination of the anionic surfactant di(ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate in water samples collected from Gulf of Mexico coastal waters before and after landfall of oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, May to October, 2010","docAbstract":"On April 22, 2010, the explosion on and subsequent sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling platform resulted in the release of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. At least 4.4 million barrels had been released into the Gulf of Mexico through July 15, 2010, 10 to 29 percent of which was chemically dispersed, primarily using two dispersant formulations. Initially, the dispersant Corexit 9527 was used, and when existing stocks of that formulation were exhausted, Corexit 9500 was used. Over 1.8 million gallons of the two dispersants were applied in the first 3 months after the spill. \r\n\r\nThis report presents the development of an analytical method to analyze one of the primary surfactant components of both Corexit formulations, di(ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), the preliminary results, and the associated quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) from samples collected from various points on the Gulf Coast between Texas and Florida. Seventy water samples and 8 field QC samples were collected before the predicted landfall of oil (pre-landfall) on the Gulf Coast, and 51 water samples and 10 field QC samples after the oil made landfall (post-landfall). Samples were collected in Teflon(Registered) bottles and stored at -20(degrees)C until analysis. Extraction of whole-water samples used sorption onto a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter to isolate DOSS, with subsequent 50 percent methanol/water elution of the combined dissolved and particulate DOSS fractions. High-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify DOSS by the isotope dilution method, using a custom-synthesized 13C4-DOSS labeled standard. Because of the ubiquitous presence of DOSS in laboratory reagent water, a chromatographic column was installed in the LC/MS/MS between the system pumps and the sample injector that separated this ambient background DOSS contamination from the sample DOSS, minimizing one source of blank contamination.\r\n\r\nLaboratory and field QA/QC for pre-landfall samples included laboratory reagent spike and blank samples, a total of 34 replicate analyses for the 78 environmental and field blank samples, and 11 randomly chosen laboratory matrix spike samples. Laboratory and field QA/QC for post-landfall samples included laboratory reagent spike and blank samples, a laboratory 'in-bottle' duplicate for each sample, and analysis of 24 randomly chosen laboratory matrix spike samples. Average DOSS recovery of 89(+/-)9.5 percent in all native (non-13C4-DOSS ) spikes was observed, with a mean relative percent difference between sample duplicates of 36 percent. The reporting limit for this analysis was 0.25 micrograms per liter due to blank limitations; DOSS was not detected in any samples collected in October (after oil landfall at certain study sites) above that concentration. It was detected prior to oil landfall above 0.25 micrograms per liter in 3 samples, but none exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency aquatic life criteria of 40 micrograms per liter. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101318","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Coast Guard\r\n","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.L., Kanagy, L.K., Furlong, E.T., McCoy, J.W., and Kanagy, C., 2011, Determination of the anionic surfactant di(ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate in water samples collected from Gulf of Mexico coastal waters before and after landfall of oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, May to October, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1318, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101318.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-05-01","temporalEnd":"2010-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1318.png"},{"id":14628,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1318/pdf/OF10-1318.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.39355468749999,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -98.39355468749999,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -98.39355468749999,\n 25.085598897064752\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd48fee4b0b290850eec9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanagy, Leslie K. 0000-0001-5073-8538 lkkanagy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-8538","contributorId":4543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanagy","given":"Leslie","email":"lkkanagy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCoy, Jeff W. 0000-0002-9817-6711 jefmccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9817-6711","contributorId":738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Jeff","email":"jefmccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kanagy, Chris J.","contributorId":81616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanagy","given":"Chris J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199329,"text":"70199329 - 2011 - Geochemistry of geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T07:23:53","indexId":"70199329","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-20T07:20:44","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Geochemistry of geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in geochemistry","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781444329957.ch8","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., and Cole, D.R., 2011, Geochemistry of geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide, chap. 8 of Frontiers in geochemistry, p. 133-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444329957.ch8.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c1cfe4b034bf6a7f1743","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Harmon, Russell S.","contributorId":193452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744924,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, Andrew D","contributorId":174138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":27367,"text":"Whiting Petroleum Corporation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744925,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, David R.","contributorId":79044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9001461,"text":"ofr20111067 - 2011 - Trace element, semivolatile organic, and chlorinated organic compound concentrations in bed sediments of selected streams at Fort Gordon, Georgia, February-April 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T15:35:32","indexId":"ofr20111067","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1067","title":"Trace element, semivolatile organic, and chlorinated organic compound concentrations in bed sediments of selected streams at Fort Gordon, Georgia, February-April 2010","docAbstract":"A spatial survey of streams was conducted from February to April 2010 to assess the concentrations of major ions, selected trace elements, semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls associated with the bed sediments of surface waters at Fort Gordon military installation near Augusta, Georgia. This investigation expanded a previous study conducted in May 1998 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon, that evaluated the streambed sediment quality of selected surface waters at Fort Gordon. The data presented in this report are intended to help evaluate bed sediment quality in relation to guidelines for the protection of aquatic life, and identify temporal trends in trace elements and semivolatile organic compound concentrations at streambed sites previously sampled. Concentrations of 34 major ions and trace elements and 102 semivolatile organic, organochlorine pesticide, and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds were determined in the fine-grained fraction of bed sediment samples collected from 13 of the original 29 sites in the previous study, and 22 additional sites at Fort Gordon. Three of the sites were considered reference sites as they were presumed to be located away from potential sources of contaminants and were selected to represent surface waters flowing onto the fort, and the remaining 32 nonreference sites were presumed to be located within the contamination area at the fort. Temporal trends in trace elements and semivolatile organic compound concentrations also were evaluated at 13 of the 32 nonreference sites to provide an assessment of the variability in the number of detections and concentrations of constituents in bed sediment associated with potential sources, accumulation, and attenuation processes. Major ion and trace element concentrations in fine-grained bed sediment samples from most nonreference sites exceeded concentrations in samples from reference sites at Fort Gordon. Bed sediments from one of the nonreference sites sampled contained the highest concentrations of copper and lead with elevated levels of zinc and chromium relative to reference sites. The percentage change of major ions, trace elements, and total organic carbon that had been detected at sites previously sampled in May 1998 and current bed sediment sites ranged from -4 to 8 percent with an average percentage change of less than 1 percent. Concentrations of major ions and trace elements in bed sediments exceeded probable effect levels for aquatic life (based on the amphipod Hyalella azteca) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at 46 and 69 percent of the current and previously sampled locations, respectively. The greatest frequency of exceedances for major ions and trace elements in bed sediments was observed for lead. Concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in bed sediment samples at 94 percent of the sites currently sampled. Detections of these organic compounds were reported with greater frequency in bed sediments at upstream sampling locations, when compared to downstream locations. The greatest number of detections of these compounds was reported for bed sediment samples collected from two creeks above a lake. The percentage change of semivolatile organic compounds detected at previously sampled and current bed sediment sites ranged from -68 to 100 percent with the greatest percentage increase reported for one of the creeks above the lake. Concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds and polychlorinated biphenyls in bed sediments exceeded aquatic life criteria established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at three sites. Contaminant compounds exceeding aquatic life criteria included fluoranthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111067","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Thomas, L.K., Journey, C.A., Stringfield, W.J., Clark, J.M., Bradley, P.M., Wellborn, J.B., Ratliff, H., and Abrahamsen, T.A., 2011, Trace element, semivolatile organic, and chlorinated organic compound concentrations in bed sediments of selected streams at Fort Gordon, Georgia, February-April 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1067, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111067.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-02-01","temporalEnd":"2010-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19254,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1067.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Gordon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.42355346679688,\n 33.247301699949205\n ],\n [\n -82.42355346679688,\n 33.54940663754663\n ],\n [\n -82.01774597167969,\n 33.54940663754663\n ],\n [\n -82.01774597167969,\n 33.247301699949205\n ],\n [\n -82.42355346679688,\n 33.247301699949205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2c87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Lashun K.","contributorId":58507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Lashun","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stringfield, Whitney J. wjstring@usgs.gov","contributorId":4513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfield","given":"Whitney","email":"wjstring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ratliff, Hagan","contributorId":86648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"Hagan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Abrahamsen, Thomas A.","contributorId":79137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamsen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":99203,"text":"sir20115028 - 2011 - Geomorphic Classification and Evaluation of Channel Width and Emergent Sandbar Habitat Relations on the Lower Platte River, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-18T11:21:18.65496","indexId":"sir20115028","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5028","title":"Geomorphic Classification and Evaluation of Channel Width and Emergent Sandbar Habitat Relations on the Lower Platte River, Nebraska","docAbstract":"This report presents a summary of geomorphic characteristics extracted from aerial imagery for three broad segments of the Lower Platte River. This report includes a summary of the longitudinal multivariate classification in Elliott and others (2009) and presents a new analysis of total channel width and habitat variables. Three segments on the lower 102.8 miles of the Lower Platte River are addressed in this report: the Loup River to the Elkhorn River (70 miles long), the Elkhorn River to Salt Creek (6.9 miles long), and Salt Creek to the Missouri River (25.9 miles long). The locations of these segments were determined by the locations of tributaries potentially significant to the hydrology or sediment supply of the Lower Platte River.\r\nThis report summarizes channel characteristics as mapped from July 2006 aerial imagery including river width, valley width, channel curvature, and in-channel habitat features. In-channel habitat measurements were not made under consistent hydrologic conditions and must be considered general estimates of channel condition in late July 2006. Longitudinal patterns in these features are explored and are summarized in the context of the longitudinal multivariate classification in Elliott and others (2009) for the three Lower Platte River segments. Detailed descriptions of data collection and classification methods are described in Elliott and others (2009). Nesting data for the endangered interior least tern (Sternula antillarum) and threatened piping plover (Charadrius melodus) from 2006 through 2009 are examined within the context of the multivariate classification and Lower Platte River segments.\r\nThe widest reaches of the Lower Platte River are located in the segment downstream from the Loup River to the Elkhorn River. This segment also has the widest valley and highest degree of braiding of the three segments and many large vegetated islands. The short segment of river between the Elkhorn River and Salt Creek has a fairly low valley width and high channel sinuosities at larger scales. The segment from Salt Creek to the Missouri River has narrow valleys and generally low channel sinuosity. Tern and plover nest sites from 2006 through 2009 in the multi-scale multivariate classification indicated relative nesting selection of cluster 2 reaches among the four-cluster classification and reaches containing clusters 2, 3, and 6 from the seven-cluster classification. These classes, with the exception of cluster 6 are common downstream from the Elkhorn River.\r\nTrends in total channel width indicated that reaches dominated by dark vegetation (islands) are the widest on the Lower Platte River. Reaches with high percentages of dry sand and dry sand plus light vegetation were the narrowest reaches. This suggests that narrow channel reaches have sufficient transport capacity to maintain sandbars under recent (2006) flow regimes and are likely to be most amenable to maintaining tern and plover habitat in the Lower Platte River. Further investigations into the dynamics of emergent sandbar habitat and the effects of bank stabilization on in-channel habitats will require the collection and analysis of new data, particularly detailed elevation information and an assessment of existing bank stabilization structures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Elliott, C.M., 2011, Geomorphic Classification and Evaluation of Channel Width and Emergent Sandbar Habitat Relations on the Lower Platte River, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5028, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115028.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5028.jpg"},{"id":14616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,38 ], [ -110,46 ], [ -96,46 ], [ -96,38 ], [ -110,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c27a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Caroline M. 0000-0002-9190-7462 celliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-7462","contributorId":2380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Caroline","email":"celliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70158984,"text":"70158984 - 2011 - Regression models of ecological streamflow characteristics in the Cumberland and Tennessee River Valleys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-09T15:30:29","indexId":"70158984","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Regression models of ecological streamflow characteristics in the Cumberland and Tennessee River Valleys","docAbstract":"Predictive equations were developed using stepbackward regression for 19 ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics grouped in five major classes (magnitude, ratio, frequency, variability, and date) for use in the Tennessee and Cumberland River watersheds. Basin characteristics explain 50 percent or more of the variation for 10 of the 19 equations. Independent variables identified through stepbackward regression were statistically significant in 81 of 304 coefficients tested across 19 models (⬚ < 0.0001) and represent four major groups: climate, physical landscape features, regional indicators, and land use. The most influential variables for determining hydrologic response were in the land-use and climate groups: daily temperature range, percent agricultural land use, and monthly mean precipitation. These three variables were major explanatory factors in 17, 15, and 13 models, respectively. The equations and independent datasets were used to explore the broad relation between basin properties and streamflow and its implications for the study of ecological flow requirements. Key results include a high degree of hydrologic variability among least disturbed Blue Ridge streams, similar hydrologic behavior for watersheds with widely varying degrees of forest cover, and distinct hydrologic profiles for streams in different geographic regions.
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Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":577148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157553,"text":"70157553 - 2011 - Saline aquifer mapping project in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T18:27:13.572202","indexId":"70157553","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Saline aquifer mapping project in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a study of saline aquifers in the southeastern United States to evaluate the potential use of brackish or saline water from the deeper portions of the Floridan aquifer system and the underlying Coastal Plain aquifer system (Fig. 1). The objective of this study is to improve the overall understanding of the available saline water resources for potential future development. Specific tasks are to (1) develop a digital georeferenced database of borehole geophysical data to enable analysis and characterization of saline aquifers (see locations in Fig. 1), (2) identify and map the regional extent of saline aquifer systems and describe the thickness and character of hydrologic units that compose these systems, and (3) delineate salinity variations at key well sites and along section lines to provide a regional depiction of the freshwater-saltwater interfaces. Electrical resistivity and induction logs, coupled with a variety of different porosity logs (sonic, density, and neutron), are the primary types of borehole geophysical logs being used to estimate the water quality in brackish and saline formations. The results from the geophysical log calculations are being compared to available water-quality data obtained from water wells and from drill-stem water samples collected in test wells. Overall, the saline aquifer mapping project is helping to improve the understanding of saline water resources in the area. These aquifers may be sources of large quantities of water that could be treated by using reverse osmosis or similar technologies, or they could be used for aquifer storage and recovery systems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2011 Georgia Water Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2011 Georgia Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"April 11-13, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Athens, Georgia","language":"English","publisher":"University of Georgia Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Williams, L.J., and Spechler, R.M., 2011, Saline aquifer mapping project in the southeastern United States, in Proceedings of the 2011 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Georgia, April 11-13, 2011.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Southeast United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.54448445439075,\n 30.14371263084911\n ],\n [\n -86.85027937665387,\n 30.21759349174492\n ],\n [\n -86.13347962383364,\n 30.19224890037181\n ],\n [\n -85.47992630644296,\n 29.797988210193736\n ],\n [\n -85.38719541886128,\n 29.549611364283408\n ],\n [\n -84.85775007177438,\n 29.593109650363786\n ],\n [\n -84.02049116673757,\n 29.942191852142713\n ],\n [\n -83.75505332364402,\n 29.808149296187565\n ],\n [\n -83.57912507603508,\n 29.424598242300704\n ],\n [\n -83.14143491018037,\n 29.020643474689592\n ],\n [\n -82.87822275871247,\n 29.019075763422336\n ],\n [\n -82.74950595905199,\n 28.711223658525626\n ],\n [\n -83.01756161826319,\n 27.868203870618217\n ],\n [\n -82.73947182733203,\n 27.326750438713788\n ],\n [\n -82.03673478241434,\n 26.271679725751255\n ],\n [\n -81.95422882193793,\n 25.91938516553759\n ],\n [\n -81.48260719329,\n 25.753023228122174\n ],\n [\n -81.1470199424335,\n 25.016786200461866\n ],\n [\n -80.2175606021251,\n 25.12374953464041\n ],\n [\n -79.98839264242545,\n 25.784636502545666\n ],\n [\n -79.9068920698187,\n 26.5054709438634\n ],\n [\n -79.89502847860845,\n 26.97228582870342\n ],\n [\n -80.45919944812596,\n 28.054933026240263\n ],\n [\n -80.34077839579248,\n 28.340906614088865\n ],\n [\n -81.22553273881897,\n 29.977161345713412\n ],\n [\n -81.27475927740596,\n 30.612965317630625\n ],\n [\n -81.21161862228028,\n 31.209851105543308\n ],\n [\n -80.79815058625098,\n 31.958664672323494\n ],\n [\n -81.14207676628439,\n 32.56752111409813\n ],\n [\n -81.3227542431597,\n 32.6675055688747\n ],\n [\n -81.44634503275364,\n 33.09962259485356\n ],\n [\n -81.74304652545311,\n 33.24010547198597\n ],\n [\n -81.84968730153543,\n 33.55591289664993\n ],\n [\n -85.03255695510197,\n 32.464599059422284\n ],\n [\n -85.20458378564823,\n 31.900278610395247\n ],\n [\n -85.07691686588099,\n 31.032146958455456\n ],\n [\n -87.69600564028681,\n 31.009313853838165\n ],\n [\n -87.75604050153355,\n 30.833672222513826\n ],\n [\n -87.51966780562421,\n 30.626846486562684\n ],\n [\n -87.54448445439075,\n 30.14371263084911\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703be4b058f706e51958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Lester J. lesterw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lester","email":"lesterw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, Rick M. spechler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"Rick","email":"spechler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157327,"text":"70157327 - 2011 - Summary of hydrologic testing of the Floridan aquifer system at Fort Stewart, coastal Georgia, 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T15:44:23.377691","indexId":"70157327","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Summary of hydrologic testing of the Floridan aquifer system at Fort Stewart, coastal Georgia, 2009-2010","docAbstract":"Two test wells were completed at Fort Stewart, coastal Georgia, to investigate the potential for using the Lower Floridan aquifer as a source of water to satisfy anticipated, increased water needs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army, completed hydrologic testing of the Floridan aquifer system at the study site, including flowmeter surveys, slug tests, and 24- and 72-hour aquifer tests by mid-March 2010. Analytical approaches and model simulation were applied to aquifer-test results to provide estimates of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity of the multilayered Floridan aquifer system. Data from a 24-hour aquifer test of the Upper Floridan aquifer were evaluated by using the straight-line Cooper-Jacob analytical method. Data from a 72-hour aquifer test of the Lower Floridan aquifer were simulated by using axisymmetric model simulations. Results of aquifer testing indicated that the Upper Floridan aquifer has a transmissivity of 100,000 feet-squared per day, and the Lower Floridan aquifer has a transmissivity of 7,000 feet-squared per day. A specific storage for the Floridan aquifer system as a result of model calibration was 3E-06 ft–1. Additionally, during a 72-hour aquifer test of the Lower Floridan aquifer, a drawdown response was observed in two Upper Floridan aquifer wells, one of which was more than 1 mile away from the pumped well.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2011 Georgia Water Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Georgia Water Resources Conference 2011","conferenceDate":"April 11-13, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Athens, Georgia","language":"English","publisher":"University of Georgia Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, G.J., 2011, Summary of hydrologic testing of the Floridan aquifer system at Fort Stewart, coastal Georgia, 2009-2010, in Proceedings of the 2011 Georgia Water Resources Conference, Athens, Georgia, April 11-13, 2011, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025226","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.60781860351561,\n 31.975463762188678\n ],\n [\n -81.60781860351561,\n 32.002835495405165\n ],\n [\n -81.56455993652344,\n 32.002835495405165\n ],\n [\n -81.56455993652344,\n 31.975463762188678\n ],\n [\n -81.60781860351561,\n 31.975463762188678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35bee4b05d6c4e502c7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, Gerald J.","contributorId":146795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonthier","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99199,"text":"sir20105180 - 2011 - Regional groundwater-flow model of the Redwall-Muav, Coconino, and alluvial basin aquifer systems of northern and central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"sir20105180","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5180","title":"Regional groundwater-flow model of the Redwall-Muav, Coconino, and alluvial basin aquifer systems of northern and central Arizona","docAbstract":"A numerical flow model (MODFLOW) of the groundwater flow system in the primary aquifers in northern Arizona was developed to simulate interactions between the aquifers, perennial streams, and springs for predevelopment and transient conditions during 1910 through 2005. Simulated aquifers include the Redwall-Muav, Coconino, and basin-fill aquifers. Perennial stream reaches and springs that derive base flow from the aquifers were simulated, including the Colorado River, Little Colorado River, Salt River, Verde River, and perennial reaches of tributary streams. Simulated major springs include Blue Spring, Del Rio Springs, Havasu Springs, Verde River headwater springs, several springs that discharge adjacent to major Verde River tributaries, and many springs that discharge to the Colorado River. Estimates of aquifer hydraulic properties and groundwater budgets were developed from published reports and groundwater-flow models. Spatial extents of aquifers and confining units were developed from geologic data, geophysical models, a groundwater-flow model for the Prescott Active Management Area, drill logs, geologic logs, and geophysical logs. Spatial and temporal distributions of natural recharge were developed by using a water-balance model that estimates recharge from direct infiltration. Additional natural recharge from ephemeral channel infiltration was simulated in alluvial basins. Recharge at wastewater treatment facilities and incidental recharge at agricultural fields and golf courses were also simulated. Estimates of predevelopment rates of groundwater discharge to streams, springs, and evapotranspiration by phreatophytes were derived from previous reports and on the basis of streamflow records at gages. Annual estimates of groundwater withdrawals for agriculture, municipal, industrial, and domestic uses were developed from several sources, including reported withdrawals for nonexempt wells, estimated crop requirements for agricultural wells, and estimated per capita water use for exempt wells. Accuracy of the simulated groundwater-flow system was evaluated by using observational control from water levels in wells, estimates of base flow from streamflow records, and estimates of spring discharge.\r\n\r\nMajor results from the simulations include the importance of variations in recharge rates throughout the study area and recharge along ephemeral and losing stream reaches in alluvial basins. Insights about the groundwater-flow systems in individual basins include the hydrologic influence of geologic structures in some areas and that stream-aquifer interactions along the lower part of the Little Colorado River are an effective control on water level distributions throughout the Little Colorado River Plateau basin.\r\n\r\nBetter information on several aspects of the groundwater flow system are needed to reduce uncertainty of the simulated system. Many areas lack documentation of the response of the groundwater system to changes in withdrawals and recharge. Data needed to define groundwater flow between vertically adjacent water-bearing units is lacking in many areas. Distributions of recharge along losing stream reaches are poorly defined. Extents of aquifers and alluvial lithologies are poorly defined in parts of the Big Chino and Verde Valley sub-basins. Aquifer storage properties are poorly defined throughout most of the study area. Little data exist to define the hydrologic importance of geologic structures such as faults and fractures. Discharge of regional groundwater flow to the Verde River is difficult to identify in the Verde Valley sub-basin because of unknown contributions from deep percolation of excess surface water irrigation. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105180","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and Yavapai County","usgsCitation":"Pool, D.R., Blasch, K.W., Callegary, J.B., Leake, S.A., and Graser, L.F., 2011, Regional groundwater-flow model of the Redwall-Muav, Coconino, and alluvial basin aquifer systems of northern and central Arizona (v. 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5180, xii, 101 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105180.","productDescription":"xii, 101 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5180.gif"},{"id":14611,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,33.5 ], [ -115,35 ], [ -108,35 ], [ -108,33.5 ], [ -115,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"v. 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c59b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pool, D. 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In Georgia, water levels were monitored continuously at 179 wells during 2008 and 181 wells during 2009. Because of missing data or short periods of record (less than 3 years) for several of these wells, a total of 161 wells are discussed in this report. These wells include 17 in the surficial aquifer system, 19 in the Brunswick aquifer and equivalent sediments, 66 in the Upper Floridan aquifer, 16 in the Lower Floridan aquifer and underlying units, 10 in the Claiborne aquifer, 1 in the Gordon aquifer, 11 in the Clayton aquifer, 12 in the Cretaceous aquifer system, 2 in Paleozoic-rock aquifers, and 7 in crystalline-rock aquifers. Data from the well network indicate that water levels generally rose during the 2008-2009 period, with water levels rising in 135 wells and declining in 26. In contrast, water levels declined over the period of record at 100 wells, increased at 56 wells, and remained relatively constant at 5 wells. In addition to continuous water-level data, periodic water-level measurements were collected and used to construct potentiometric-surface maps for the Upper Floridan aquifer in Camden, Charlton, and Ware Counties, Georgia, and adjacent counties in Florida during September 2008 and May 2009; in the Brunswick, Georgia area during July 2008 and July-August 2009; and in the City of Albany-Dougherty County, Georgia area during November 2008 and November 2009. In general, water levels in these areas were higher during 2009 than during 2008; however, the configuration of the potentiometric surfaces in each of the areas showed little change. Groundwater quality in the Floridan aquifer system is monitored in the Albany, Savannah, Brunswick, and Camden County areas of Georgia. In the Albany area, nitrate as nitrogen concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer during 2008-2009 generally increased, with concentrations in two wells above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 10-milligrams-per-liter (mg/L) drinking-water standard. In the Savannah area, measurement of specific conductance and chloride concentration in water samples from discrete depths in three wells completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer indicate that chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer showed little change and remained below the 250 mg/L USEPA secondary drinking-water standard. Chloride concentrations in the Lower Floridan aquifer increased slightly at Tybee Island and Skidaway Island, remaining above the drinking-water standard. In the Brunswick area, maps showing the chloride concentration of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer were constructed using data collected from 28 wells during July 2008 and from 29 wells during July-August 2009, indicate that chloride concentrations remained above the USEPA secondary drinking-water standard in an approximately 2-square-mile area. During 2008-2009, chloride concentrations decreased, with a maximum decrease of 160 mg/L, in a well located in the northern part of the Brunswick area. In the Camden County area, chloride concentration during 2008-2009 was analyzed in water samples collected from eight wells, six of which were completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer and two in the Lower Floridan aquifer. In most of the wells sampled during this period, chloride concentrations did not appreciably change; however, since the closure of the Durango Paper Company in October 2002, chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer near the paper mill decreased from a high of 184 mg/L in May 2002 to 41 mg/L in September 2009. Groundwater studies conducted in Georgia during 2008-2009 include the following: * evaluation of groundwater flow, water-quality, and water-level monitoring in the Augusta-Richmond County area; * evaluation of groundwater flow, water-quality, and water","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115048","usgsCitation":"Peck, M., Leeth, D.C., and Painter, J.A., 2011, Groundwater conditions and studies in Georgia, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5048, iv, 78 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115048.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.; Appendix","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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