The San Jacinto right-lateral strike-slip fault zone is crucial for understanding plate-boundary dynamics, regional slip partitioning, and seismic hazards within the San Andreas fault system of southern California, yet its age of initiation and long-term average slip rate are controversial. This synthesis of prior and new detailed studies in the western Salton Trough documents initiation of structural segments of the San Jacinto fault zone at or slightly before the 1.07-Ma base of the Jaramillo subchron. The dextral faults changed again after ca. 0.5–0.6 Ma with creation of new fault segments and folds. There were major and widespread basinal changes in the early Pleistocene when these new faults cut across the older West Salton detachment fault. We mapped and analyzed the complex fault mesh, identified structural segment boundaries along the Clark, Coyote Creek, and San Felipe fault zones, documented linkages between the major dextral faults, identified previously unknown active strands of the Coyote Creek fault 5 and 8 km NE and SW of its central strands, and showed that prior analyses of these fault zones oversimplify their complexity. The Clark fault is a zone of widely distributed faulting and folding SE of the Santa Rosa Mountains and unequivocally continues 20–25 km SE of its previously inferred termination point to the San Felipe Hills. There the Clark fault zone has been deforming basinal deposits at an average dextral slip rate of ≥10.2 +6.9/−3.3 mm/yr for ~0.5–0.6 m.y.
Five new estimates of displacement are developed here using offset successions of crystalline rocks, distinctive marker beds in the late Cenozoic basin fill, analysis of strike-slip–related fault-bend folds, quantification of strain in folds at the tips of dextral faults, and gravity, magnetic, and geomorphic data sets. Together these show far greater right slip across the Clark fault than across either the San Felipe or Coyote Creek faults, despite the Clark fault becoming “hidden” in basinal deposits at its SE end as strain disperses onto a myriad of smaller faults, strike-slip ramps and flats, transrotational systems of cross faults with strongly domain patterns, and a variety of fault-fold sets. Together the Clark and Buck Ridge–Santa Rosa faults accumulated ~16.8 +3.7/−6.0 km of right separation in their lifetime near Clark Lake. The Coyote Ridge segment of the Coyote Creek fault accumulated ~3.5 ± 1.3 km since roughly 0.8–0.9 Ma. The San Felipe fault accumulated between 4 and 12.4 km (~6.5 km preferred) of right slip on its central strands in the past 1.1–1.3 Ma at Yaqui and Pinyon ridges.
Combining the estimates of displacement with ages of fault initiation indicates a lifetime geologic slip rate of 20.1 +6.4/−9.8 mm/yr across the San Jacinto fault zone (sum of Clark, Buck Ridge, and Coyote Creek faults) and about ~5.4 +5.9/−1.4 mm/yr across the San Felipe fault zone at Yaqui and Pinyon ridges. The NW Coyote Creek fault has a lifetime slip rate of ~4.1 +1.9/−2.1 mm/yr, which is a quarter of that across the Clark fault (16.0 +4.5/−9.8 mm/yr) nearby. The San Felipe fault zone is not generally regarded as an active fault in the region, yet its lifetime slip rate exceeds those of the central and southern Elsinore and the Coyote Creek fault zones. The apparent lower slip rates across the San Felipe fault in the Holocene may reflect the transfer of strain to adjacent faults in order to bypass a contractional bend and step at Yaqui Ridge.
The San Felipe, Coyote Creek, and Clark faults all show evidence of major structural adjustments after ca. 0.6–0.5 Ma, and redistribution of strain onto new right- and left-lateral faults and folds far removed from the older central fault strands. Active faults shifted their locus and main central strands by as much as 13 km in the middle Pleistocene. These changes modify the entire upper crust and were not localized in the thin sedimentary basin fill, which is only a few kilometers thick in most of the western Salton Trough. Steep microseismic alignments are well developed beneath most of the larger active faults and penetrate basement to the base of the seismogenic crust at 10–14 km.
We hypothesize that the major structural and kinematic adjustments at ca. 0.5–0.6 Ma resulted in major changes in slip rate within the San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones that are likely to explain the inconsistent slip rates determined from geologic (1–0.5 m.y.; this study), paleoseismic, and geodetic studies over different time intervals. The natural evolution of complex fault zones, cross faults, block rotation, and interactions within their broad damage zones might explain all the documented and implied temporal and spatial variation in slip rates. Co-variation of slip rates among the San Jacinto, San Felipe, and San Andreas faults, while possible, is not required by the available data.
Together the San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones have accommodated ~25.5 mm/yr since their inception in early Pleistocene time, and were therefore slightly faster than the southern San Andreas fault during the same time interval. If the westward transfer of plate motion continues in southern California, the southern San Andreas fault in the Salton Trough may change from being the main plate boundary fault to defining the eastern margin of the growing Sierra Nevada microplate, as implied by other workers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2010.2475","usgsCitation":"Janecke, S.U., Dorsey, R.J., Forand, D., Steely, A.N., Kirby, S., Lutz, A., Housen, B., Belgarde, B., Langenheim, V., and Rittenour, T.M., 2011, High geologic slip rates since early Pleistocene Initiation of the San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones in the San Andreas fault system: southern California, USA: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 479, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/2010.2475.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.90551757812499,\n 33.15594830078649\n ],\n [\n -115.521240234375,\n 33.15594830078649\n ],\n [\n -115.521240234375,\n 34.298068350990825\n ],\n [\n -116.90551757812499,\n 34.298068350990825\n ],\n [\n -116.90551757812499,\n 33.15594830078649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"479","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janecke, Susanne U.","contributorId":194327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janecke","given":"Susanne","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca J.","contributorId":167712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24813,"text":"University of Oregan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forand, David","contributorId":295964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forand","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steely, Alexander N.","contributorId":295965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steely","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirby, Stefan","contributorId":14563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lutz, Andrew","contributorId":198146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lutz","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Housen, Bernard","contributorId":30544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Housen","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Belgarde, Benjamin","contributorId":295966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belgarde","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":151042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rittenour, Tammy M.","contributorId":140755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittenour","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":99017,"text":"sim3136 - 2011 - Hydrogeologic data update for the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creek valleys, Dutchess County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sim3136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3136","title":"Hydrogeologic data update for the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creek valleys, Dutchess County, New York","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout Creek and Fishkill Creek valleys in southern Dutchess County, New York, previously investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1982, was updated through the use of new well data made available through the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation's Water Well Program. Additional well data related to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) remedial investigations of two groundwater contamination sites near the villages of Hopewell Junction and Shenandoah, New York, were also used in this study. The boundary of the stratified-drift aquifer described in a previous USGS report was extended slightly eastward and southward to include adjacent tributary valleys and the USEPA groundwater contamination site at Shenandoah, New York. The updated report consists of maps showing well locations, surficial geology, altitude of the water table, and saturated thickness of the aquifer. Geographic information system coverages of these four maps were created as part of the update process.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation\r\n","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., and Calef, F., 2011, Hydrogeologic data update for the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creek valleys, Dutchess County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3136, Four Map Sheets; Sheet 1: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 2: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 3: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 4: 36 inches x 50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3136.","productDescription":"Four Map Sheets; Sheet 1: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 2: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 3: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 4: 36 inches x 50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3136.gif"},{"id":14453,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,41.45 ], [ -74,41.75 ], [ -73.71666666666667,41.75 ], [ -73.71666666666667,41.45 ], [ -74,41.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calef, F.J. III","contributorId":91068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calef","given":"F.J.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99015,"text":"sir20105229 - 2011 - Estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages of groundwater from selected sites: National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T22:35:17.447446","indexId":"sir20105229","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5229","title":"Estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages of groundwater from selected sites: National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–2005","docAbstract":"This report documents selected age data interpreted from measured concentrations of environmental tracers in groundwater from 1,399 National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program groundwater sites across the United States. The tracers of interest were chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He).
Tracer data compiled for this analysis primarily were from wells representing two types of NAWQA groundwater studies—Land-Use Studies (shallow wells, usually monitoring wells, in recharge areas under dominant land-use settings) and Major-Aquifer Studies (wells, usually domestic supply wells, in principal aquifers and representing the shallow, used resource). Reference wells (wells representing groundwater minimally impacted by anthropogenic activities) associated with Land-Use Studies also were included. Tracer samples were collected between 1992 and 2005, although two networks sampled from 2006 to 2007 were included because of network-specific needs. Tracer data from other NAWQA Program components (Flow System Studies, which are assessments of processes and trends along groundwater flow paths, and various topical studies) were not compiled herein.
Tracer data from NAWQA Land-Use Studies and Major-Aquifer Studies that previously had been interpreted and published are compiled herein (as piston-flow ages), but have not been reinterpreted. Tracer data that previously had not been interpreted and published are evaluated using documented methods and compiled with aqueous concentrations, equivalent atmospheric concentrations (for CFCs and SF6), estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages, and selected ancillary data, such as redox indicators, well construction, and major dissolved gases (N2, O2, Ar, CH4, and CO2).
Tracer-based piston-flow ages documented in this report are simplistic representations of the tracer data. Tracer-based piston-flow ages are a convenient means of conceptualizing groundwater age. However, the piston-flow model is based on the potentially limiting assumptions that tracer transport is advective and that no mixing occurs. Additional uncertainties can arise from tracer degradation, sorption, contamination, or fractionation; terrigenic (natural) sources of tracers; spatially variable atmospheric tracer concentrations; and incomplete understanding of mechanisms of recharge or of the conditions under which atmospheric tracers were partitioned to recharge. The effects of some of these uncertainties are considered herein. For example, degradation, contamination, or fractionation often can be identified or inferred. However, detailed analysis of the effects of such uncertainties on the tracer-based piston-flow ages is constrained by sparse data and an absence of complementary lines of evidence, such as detailed solute transport simulations. Thus, the tracer-based piston-flow ages compiled in this report represent only an initial interpretation of the tracer data.
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Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wayland, Julian E. jwayland@usgs.gov","contributorId":4008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayland","given":"Julian","email":"jwayland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70038474,"text":"70038474 - 2011 - Rock fall simulation at Timpanogos Cave National Monument, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T20:39:38.14519","indexId":"70038474","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-27T15:38:10","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rock fall simulation at Timpanogos Cave National Monument, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"Rock fall from limestone cliffs at Timpanogos Cave National Monument in American Fork Canyon east of Provo, Utah, is a common occurrence. The cave is located in limestone cliffs high on the southern side of the canyon. One fatality in 1933 led to the construction of rock fall shelters at the cave entrance and exit in 1976. Numerous rock fall incidents, including a near miss in 2000 in the vicinity of the trail below the cave exit, have led to a decision to extend the shelter at the cave exit to protect visitors from these ongoing rock fall events initiating from cliffs immediately above the cave exit. Three-dimensional rock fall simulations from sources at the top of these cliffs have provided data from which to assess the spatial frequencies and velocities of rock falls from the cliffs and to constrain the design of protective measures to reduce the rock fall hazard. Results from the rock fall simulations are consistent with the spatial patterns of rock fall impacts that have been observed at the cave exit site.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10346-010-0251-7","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., Dart, R.L., and Reichenbach, P., 2011, Rock fall simulation at Timpanogos Cave National Monument, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA: Landslides, v. 8, no. 3, p. 373-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-010-0251-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"379","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Timpanogos Cave National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.71666666666667,40.43333333333333 ], [ -111.71666666666667,40.45 ], [ -111.7,40.45 ], [ -111.7,40.43333333333333 ], [ -111.71666666666667,40.43333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadece4b0c8380cd86fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichenbach, Paola","contributorId":106221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenbach","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154920,"text":"70154920 - 2011 - Rusa unicolor (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:29:55","indexId":"70154920","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2654,"text":"Mammalian Species","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rusa unicolor (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)","title":"Rusa unicolor (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)","docAbstract":"Rusa unicolor (Kerr, 1792), or sambar, is the largest Oriental deer. Seven subspecies occur in varied habitats and elevations from India and Sri Lanka throughout southeastern Asia. Body mass and antler length decrease from west to east. R. unicolor is considered ancestral relative to the form of its male-only antlers and social behavior. Populations are vulnerable because of overexploitation for subsistence and markets in meat and antlers. R. unicolor was elevated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources from no status in 2006 to “Vulnerable” in 2008 because of >50% decline in many populations over the past 3 generations. It is well represented in zoos and private collections and is introduced in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/871.1","usgsCitation":"Leslie, D., 2011, Rusa unicolor (Artiodactyla: Cervidae): Mammalian Species, v. 43, no. 871, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1644/871.1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-015956","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"871","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b9e4b0e541a03c1a8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9000567,"text":"sir20105176 - 2011 - Contributions of Phosphorus from Groundwater to Streams in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20105176","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5176","title":"Contributions of Phosphorus from Groundwater to Streams in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Eastern United States","docAbstract":"Phosphorus from natural and human sources is likely to be discharged from groundwater to streams in certain geochemical environments. Water-quality data collected from 1991 through 2007 in paired networks of groundwater and streams in different hydrogeologic and land-use settings of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces in the eastern United States were compiled and analyzed to evaluate the sources, fate, and transport of phosphorus. The median concentrations of phosphate in groundwater from the crystalline and siliciclastic bedrock settings (0.017 and 0.020 milligrams per liter, respectively) generally were greater than the median for the carbonate setting (less than 0.01 milligrams per liter). In contrast, the median concentrations of dissolved phosphate in stream base flow from the crystalline and siliciclastic bedrock settings (0.010 and 0.014 milligrams per liter, respectively) were less than the median concentration for base-flow samples from the carbonate setting (0.020 milligrams per liter). Concentrations of phosphorus in many of the stream base-flow and groundwater samples exceeded ecological criteria for streams in the region. Mineral dissolution was identified as the dominant source of phosphorus in the groundwater and stream base flow draining crystalline or siliciclastic bedrock in the study area. Low concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in groundwater from carbonate bedrock result from the precipitation of minerals and (or) from sorption to mineral surfaces along groundwater flow paths. Phosphorus concentrations are commonly elevated in stream base flow in areas underlain by carbonate bedrock, however, presumably derived from in-stream sources or from upland anthropogenic sources and transported along short, shallow groundwater flow paths. Dissolved phosphate concentrations in groundwater were correlated positively with concentrations of silica and sodium, and negatively with alkalinity and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, iron, and aluminum. These associations can result from the dissolution of alkali feldspars containing phosphorus; the precipitation of apatite; the precipitation of calcite, iron hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide with associated sorption of phosphate ions; and the potential for release of phosphate from iron-hydroxide and other iron minerals under reducing conditions. Anthropogenic sources of phosphate such as fertilizer and manure and processes such as biological uptake, evapotranspiration, and dilution also affect phosphorus concentrations. The phosphate concentrations in surface water were not correlated with the silica concentration, but were positively correlated with concentrations of major cations and anions, including chloride and nitrate, which could indicate anthropogenic sources and effects of evapotranspiration on surface-water quality. Mixing of older, mineralized groundwater with younger, less mineralized, but contaminated groundwater was identified as a critical factor affecting the quality of stream base flow. In-stream processing of nutrients by biological processes also likely increases the phosphorus concentration in surface waters. Potential geologic contributions of phosphorus to groundwater and streams may be an important watershed-management consideration in certain hydrogeologic and geochemical environments. Geochemical controls effectively limit phosphorus transport through groundwater to streams in areas underlain by carbonate rocks; however, in crystalline and siliciclastic settings, phosphorus from mineral or human sources may be effectively transported by groundwater and contribute a substantial fraction to base-flow stream loads.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105176","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Denver, J., Cravotta, C.A., Ator, S.W., and Lindsey, B., 2011, Contributions of Phosphorus from Groundwater to Streams in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5176, x, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105176.","productDescription":"x, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5176.png"},{"id":19191,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87,32 ], [ -87,44 ], [ -72,44 ], [ -72,32 ], [ -87,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68909b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denver, Judith M. jmdenver@usgs.gov","contributorId":780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"Judith M.","email":"jmdenver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9000566,"text":"sir20105253 - 2011 - Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20105253","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5253","title":"Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2007-08","docAbstract":"During 2007 and 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected quarterly depth-discrete measurements of fluid pressure and temperature in six boreholes located in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer of Idaho. Each borehole was instrumented with a multilevel monitoring system consisting of a series of valved measurement ports, packer bladders, casing segments, and couplers. Hydraulic heads (head) and water temperatures in boreholes were monitored at 86 hydraulically-isolated depth intervals located 448.0 to 1,377.6 feet below land surface. The calculation of head is most sensitive to fluid pressure and the altitude of the pressure transducer at each port coupling; it is least sensitive to barometric pressure and water temperature. An analysis of errors associated with the head calculation determined the accuracy of an individual head measurement at +/- 2.3 feet. Many of the sources of measurement error are diminished when considering the differences between two closely-spaced readings of head; therefore, a +/- 0.1 foot measurement accuracy was assumed for vertical head differences (and gradients) calculated between adjacent monitoring zones. Vertical head and temperature profiles were unique to each borehole, and were characteristic of the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. The vertical hydraulic gradients in each borehole remained relatively constant over time with minimum Pearson correlation coefficients between head profiles ranging from 0.72 at borehole USGS 103 to 1.00 at boreholes USGS 133 and MIDDLE 2051. Major inflections in the head profiles almost always coincided with low permeability sediment layers. The presence of a sediment layer, however, was insufficient for identifying the location of a major head change in a borehole. The vertical hydraulic gradients were defined for the major inflections in the head profiles and were as much as 2.2 feet per foot. Head gradients generally were downward in boreholes USGS 133, 134, and MIDDLE 2050A, zero in boreholes USGS 103 and 132, and exhibited a reversal in direction in borehole MIDDLE 2051. Water temperatures in all boreholes ranged from 10.2 to 16.3 degrees Celsius. Boreholes USGS 103 and 132 are in an area of concentrated volcanic vents and fissures, and measurements show water temperature decreasing with depth. All other measurements in boreholes show water temperature increasing with depth. A comparison among boreholes of the normalized mean head over time indicates a moderately positive correlation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105253","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Fisher, J.C., and Twining, B.V., 2011, Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5253, viii, 40 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105253.","productDescription":"viii, 40 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"62","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19190,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5253/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.75,43.333333333333336 ], [ -113.75,44.25 ], [ -112.25,44.25 ], [ -112.25,43.333333333333336 ], [ -113.75,43.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Jason C. 0000-0001-9032-8912 jfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-8912","contributorId":2523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jason","email":"jfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198342,"text":"70198342 - 2011 - Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T08:06:55","indexId":"70198342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-13T08:06:51","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano","docAbstract":"In late 2007, a perched lava channel, built up to 45 m above the preexisting surface, developed during the ongoing eruption near Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō cone on Kīlauea Volcano’s east rift zone. The lava channel was segmented into four pools extending over a total of 1.4 km. From late October to mid-December, a cyclic behavior, consisting of steady lava level rise terminated by vigorous spattering and an abrupt drop in lava level, was commonly observed in pool 1. We use geologic observations, video, time-lapse camera images, and seismicity to characterize and understand this cyclic behavior. Spattering episodes occurred at intervals of 40–100 min during peak activity and involved small (5–10-m-high) fountains limited to the margins of the pool. Most spattering episodes had fountains which migrated downchannel. Each spattering episode was associated with a rapid lava level drop of about 1 m, which was concurrent with a conspicuous cigar-shaped tremor burst with peak frequencies of 4–5 Hz. We interpret this cyclic behavior to be gas pistoning, and this is the first documented instance of gas pistoning in lava well away from the deeper conduit. Our observations and data indicate that the gas pistoning was driven by gas accumulation beneath the visco-elastic component of the surface crust, contrary to other studies which attribute similar behavior to the periodic rise of gas slugs. The gas piston events typically had a gas mass of about 2,500 kg (similar to the explosions at Stromboli), with gas accumulation and release rates of about 1.1 and 5.7 kg s−1, respectively. The time-averaged gas output rate of the gas pistoning events accounted for about 1–2% of the total gas output rate of the east rift zone eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0431-2","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Orr, T.R., Wilson, D.C., Dow, D.C., and Freeman, R., 2011, Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 6, p. 639-653, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0431-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"653","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano ","volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b475e4b0702d0e844b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":139620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dow, David C.","contributorId":52703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, R.","contributorId":7525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047157,"text":"70047157 - 2011 - Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-09T16:12:40","indexId":"70047157","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T15:47:09","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":275,"text":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"174","title":"Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Eocene (34 Ma) Caetano caldera in north-central \nNevada offers an exceptional opportunity to study the \nphysical and petrogenetic evolution of a large (20 km by \n10–18 km pre-extensional dimensions) silicic magma \nchamber, from precursor magmatism to caldera collapse \nand intrusion of resurgent plutons. Caldera-related rocks \nshown on this map include two units of crystal-rich \nintracaldera tuff totaling over 4 km thickness, caldera \ncollapse breccias, tuff dikes that fed the eruption, \nhydrothermally altered post-eruption rocks, and two \ngenerations of resurgent granitic intrusions (John et al., \n2008). The map also depicts middle Miocene (about 16–12 \nMa) normal faults and synextensional basins that \naccommodated >100 percent extension and tilted the \ncaldera into a series of ~40° east-dipping blocks, \nproducing exceptional 3-D exposures of the caldera \ninterior (Colgan et al., 2008).
\nThis 1:75,000-scale map is a compilation of published \nmaps and extensive new mapping by the authors (fig. 1), \nand supersedes a preliminary 1:100,000-scale map \npublished by Colgan et al. (2008) and John et al. (2008). \nNew mapping focused on the margins of the Caetano \ncaldera, the distribution and lithology of rocks within the \ncaldera, and on the Miocene normal faults and sedimentary \nbasins that record Neogene extensional faulting. The \ndefinition of geologic units and their distribution within \nthe caldera is based entirely on new mapping, except in the \nnorthern Toiyabe Range, where mapping by Gilluly and \nGates (1965) was modified with new field observations. \nThe distribution of pre-Cenozoic rocks outside the caldera \nwas largely compiled from existing sources with minor \nmodifications, with the exception of the northeastern \ncaldera margin (west of the Cortez Hills Mine), which was \nremapped in the course of this work and published as a \nstand-alone 1:6000-scale map (Moore and Henry, 2010).
","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Colgan, J.P., Henry, C., and John, D.A., 2011, Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 174, v. Map no. 174, Text: 10 p.; Plate: 36.0 x 28.0 inches.","productDescription":"Text: 10 p.; Plate: 36.0 x 28.0 inches","numberOfPages":"10","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-028979","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275262,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/dox.htm"}],"scale":"75000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Eureka County;Lander County","otherGeospatial":"Caetano Caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.124895,40.02927 ], [ -117.124895,40.300207 ], [ -116.499214,40.300207 ], [ -116.499214,40.02927 ], [ -117.124895,40.02927 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"Map no. 174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5c39e4b0b290850fa5d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047251,"text":"70047251 - 2011 - Seismic swarm associated with the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska: earthquake locations and source parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T15:56:28","indexId":"70047251","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T15:47:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic swarm associated with the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska: earthquake locations and source parameters","docAbstract":"An energetic seismic swarm accompanied an eruption of Kasatochi Volcano in the central Aleutian volcanic arc in August of 2008. In retrospect, the first earthquakes in the swarm were detected about 1 month prior to the eruption onset. Activity in the swarm quickly intensified less than 48 h prior to the first large explosion and subsequently subsided with decline of eruptive activity. The largest earthquake measured as moment magnitude 5.8, and a dozen additional earthquakes were larger than magnitude 4. The swarm exhibited both tectonic and volcanic characteristics. Its shear failure earthquake features were b value = 0.9, most earthquakes with impulsive P and S arrivals and higher-frequency content, and earthquake faulting parameters consistent with regional tectonic stresses. Its volcanic or fluid-influenced seismicity features were volcanic tremor, large CLVD components in moment tensor solutions, and increasing magnitudes with time. Earthquake location tests suggest that the earthquakes occurred in a distributed volume elongated in the NS direction either directly under the volcano or within 5-10 km south of it. Following the MW 5.8 event, earthquakes occurred in a new crustal volume slightly east and north of the previous earthquakes. The central Aleutian Arc is a tectonically active region with seismicity occurring in the crusts of the Pacific and North American plates in addition to interplate events. We postulate that the Kasatochi seismic swarm was a manifestation of the complex interaction of tectonic and magmatic processes in the Earth's crust. Although magmatic intrusion triggered the earthquakes in the swarm, the earthquakes failed in context of the regional stress field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007435","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, N.G., Prejean, S.G., and Hansen, R.A., 2011, Seismic swarm associated with the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska: earthquake locations and source parameters: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 116, no. B2, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007435.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-021089","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275477,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007435"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasatoshi Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.0,50.0 ], [ -178.0,53.0 ], [ -172.0,53.0 ], [ -172.0,50.0 ], [ -178.0,50.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f39a67e4b0a32220222f9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, Natalia G.","contributorId":96987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Natalia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Roger A.","contributorId":73901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047156,"text":"70047156 - 2011 - The regional structural setting of the 2008 Wells earthquake and Town Creek Flat Basin: implications for the Wells earthquake fault and adjacent structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T14:51:21","indexId":"70047156","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:44:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":125,"text":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"36","title":"The regional structural setting of the 2008 Wells earthquake and Town Creek Flat Basin: implications for the Wells earthquake fault and adjacent structures","docAbstract":"The 2008 Wells earthquake occurred on a northeast-striking, southeast-dipping fault that is clearly delineated by the aftershock swarm to a depth of 10-12 km below sea level. However, Cenozoic rocks and structures around Wells primarily record east-west extension along north- to north-northeast-striking, west-dipping normal faults that formed during the middle Miocene. These faults are responsible for the strong eastward tilt of most basins and ranges in the area, including the Town Creek Flat basin (the location of the earthquake) and the adjacent Snake Mountains and western Windermere Hills. These older west-dipping faults are locally overprinted by a younger generation of east-dipping, high-angle normal faults that formed as early as the late Miocene and have remained active into the Quaternary. The most prominent of these east-dipping faults is the set of en-échelon, north-striking faults that bounds the east sides of the Ruby Mountains, East Humboldt Range, and Clover Hill (about 5 km southwest of Wells). The northeastern-most of these faults, the Clover Hill fault, projects northward along strike toward the Snake Mountains and the approximately located surface projection of the Wells earthquake fault as defined by aftershock locations. The Clover Hill fault also projects toward a previously unrecognized, east-facing Quaternary fault scarp and line of springs that appear to mark a significant east-dipping normal fault along the western edge of Town Creek Flat. Both western and eastern projections may be northern continuations of the Clover Hill fault. The Wells earthquake occurred along this east-dipping fault system.
\nTwo possible alternatives to rupture of a northern continuation of the Clover Hill fault are that the earthquake fault (1) is antithetic to an active west-dipping fault or (2) reactivated a Mesozoic thrust fault that dips east as a result of tilting by the west-dipping faults along the west side of the Snake Mountains. Both alternatives are precluded by the depths of the earthquake and aftershocks, about 8 km and as deep as 12 km, respectively. These depths are below where an antithetic fault would intersect any main fault, and a tilted, formerly shallow and sub-horizontal thrust fault would not extend to depths of more than about 5–6 km.
\nThe east-dipping, high-angle, earthquake fault cuts older west-dipping faults rather than reactivating them, highlighting a change in the structural style of Basin and Range extension in this region from closely-spaced, west-dipping faults that rotated significantly during slip and accommodated large-magnitude extension, to widely-spaced, high-angle faults that accommodate much less total strain over a long time span.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Henry, C.S., and Colgan, J.P., 2011, The regional structural setting of the 2008 Wells earthquake and Town Creek Flat Basin: implications for the Wells earthquake fault and adjacent structures: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication 36, v. Special Publication 36, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-013285","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286306,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Wells","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.924,40.5084 ], [ -115.924,41.3569 ], [ -114.1865,41.3569 ], [ -114.1865,40.5084 ], [ -115.924,40.5084 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"Special Publication 36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535595a0e4b0120853e8c291","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, Christopher S.","contributorId":42522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006125,"text":"70006125 - 2011 - The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-31T09:53:37","indexId":"70006125","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T09:38:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"In central Idaho, Neoproterozoic stratified rocks are engulfed by the Late Cretaceous Idaho batholith and by Eocene volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Challis event. Studied sections in the Gospel Peaks and Big Creek areas of west-central Idaho are in roof pendants of the Idaho batholith. A drill core section studied from near Challis, east-central Idaho, lies beneath the Challis Volcanic Group and is not exposed at the surface. Metamorphic and deformational overprinting, as well as widespread dismembering by the younger igneous rocks, conceals many primary details. Despite this, these rocks provide important links for regional correlations and have produced critical geochronological data for two Neoproterozoic glacial periods in the North American Cordillera.\nThe geometry of faults is usually thought to be more complicated at the surface than at depth and to control the initiation, propagation and arrest of seismic ruptures1,2,3,4,5,6. The fault system that runs from southern California into Mexico is a simple strike-slip boundary: the west side of California and Mexico moves northwards with respect to the east. However, the Mw 7.2 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake on this fault system produced a pattern of seismic waves that indicates a far more complex source than slip on a planar strike-slip fault7. Here we use geodetic, remote-sensing and seismological data to reconstruct the fault geometry and history of slip during this earthquake. We find that the earthquake produced a straight 120-km-long fault trace that cut through the Cucapah mountain range and across the Colorado River delta. However, at depth, the fault is made up of two different segments connected by a small extensional fault. Both segments strike N130° E, but dip in opposite directions. The earthquake was initiated on the connecting extensional fault and 15 s later ruptured the two main segments with dominantly strike-slip motion. We show that complexities in the fault geometry at depth explain well the complex pattern of radiated seismic waves. We conclude that the location and detailed characteristics of the earthquake could not have been anticipated on the basis of observations of surface geology alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1213","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Wei, S., Fielding, E., Leprince, S., Sladen, A., Avouac, J., Helmberger, D., Hauksson, E., Chu, R., Simons, M., Hudnut, K., Herring, T., and Briggs, R., 2011, Superficial simplicity of the 2010 El Mayorg-Cucapah earthquake of Baja California in Mexico: Nature Geoscience, v. 4, no. 9, p. 615-618, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1213.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487959,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1213"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","state":"California, Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.71899414062499,\n 32.20350534542368\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 32.20350534542368\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -115.71899414062499,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -115.71899414062499,\n 32.20350534542368\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f56e4b08c986b31e4e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wei, S.","contributorId":85416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fielding, E.","contributorId":51057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leprince, S.","contributorId":70212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leprince","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sladen, A.","contributorId":9496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sladen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avouac, J.-P.","contributorId":91691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avouac","given":"J.-P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helmberger, D.","contributorId":34282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmberger","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chu, R.","contributorId":71416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Simons, M.","contributorId":14610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hudnut, K.","contributorId":92439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Herring, T.","contributorId":83288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Briggs, R.","contributorId":42061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70034361,"text":"70034361 - 2011 - Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:31:19","indexId":"70034361","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source","docAbstract":"The light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) oil pool in an aquifer that resulted from a pipeline spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, was analyzed for volatile hydrocarbons (VHCs) to determine if the composition of the oil remains constant over time. Oil samples were obtained from wells at five locations in the oil pool in an anaerobic part of the glacial outwash aquifer. Samples covering a 21-year period were analyzed for 25 VHCs. Compared to the composition of oil from the pipeline source, VHCs identified in oil from wells sampled in 2008 were 13 to 64% depleted. The magnitude of loss for the VHCs analyzed was toluene ≫ o-xylene, benzene, C6 and C10–12n-alkanes > C7–C9n-alkanes > m-xylene, cyclohexane, and 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene > 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and ethylbenzene. Other VHCs including p-xylene, 1,3,5- and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzenes, the tetramethylbenzenes, methyl- and ethyl-cyclohexane, and naphthalene were not depleted during the time of the study. Water–oil and air–water batch equilibration simulations indicate that volatilization and biodegradation is most important for the C6–C9n-alkanes and cyclohexanes; dissolution and biodegradation is important for most of the other hydrocarbons. Depletion of the hydrocarbons in the oil pool is controlled by: the lack of oxygen and nutrients, differing rates of recharge, and the spatial distribution of oil in the aquifer. The mass loss of these VHCs in the 5 wells is between 1.6 and 7.4% in 29 years or an average annual loss of 0.06–0.26%/year. The present study shows that the composition of LNAPL changes over time and that these changes are spatially variable. This highlights the importance of characterizing the temporal and spatial variabilities of the source term in solute-transport models.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.006","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M.J., Eganhouse, R., Bekins, B.A., and Delin, G.N., 2011, Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 140-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.0373,47.3762 ], [ -95.0373,47.6177 ], [ -94.6844,47.6177 ], [ -94.6844,47.3762 ], [ -95.0373,47.3762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49dee4b0c8380cd68956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delin, Geoffrey N. 0000-0001-7991-6158 delin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-6158","contributorId":2610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"Geoffrey","email":"delin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5063,"text":"Central Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034254,"text":"70034254 - 2011 - Factors affecting stream nutrient loads: A synthesis of regional SPARROW model results for the continental United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-18T13:39:52","indexId":"70034254","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting stream nutrient loads: A synthesis of regional SPARROW model results for the continental United States","docAbstract":"We compared the results of 12 recently calibrated regional SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) models covering most of the continental United States to evaluate the consistency and regional differences in factors affecting stream nutrient loads. The models – 6 for total nitrogen and 6 for total phosphorus – all provide similar levels of prediction accuracy, but those for major river basins in the eastern half of the country were somewhat more accurate. The models simulate long‐term mean annual stream nutrient loads as a function of a wide range of known sources and climatic (precipitation, temperature), landscape (e.g., soils, geology), and aquatic factors affecting nutrient fate and transport. The results confirm the dominant effects of urban and agricultural sources on stream nutrient loads nationally and regionally, but reveal considerable spatial variability in the specific types of sources that control water quality. These include regional differences in the relative importance of different types of urban (municipal and industrial point vs. diffuse urban runoff) and agriculture (crop cultivation vs. animal waste) sources, as well as the effects of atmospheric deposition, mining, and background (e.g., soil phosphorus) sources on stream nutrients. Overall, we found that the SPARROW model results provide a consistent set of information for identifying the major sources and environmental factors affecting nutrient fate and transport in United States watersheds at regional and subregional scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00577.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Preston, S.D., Alexander, R.B., Schwarz, G., and Crawford, C.G., 2011, Factors affecting stream nutrient loads: A synthesis of regional SPARROW model results for the continental United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 891-915, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00577.x.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"891","endPage":"915","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017231","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475304,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00577.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00577.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e95e4b0c8380cd5351d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036464,"text":"70036464 - 2011 - Sibship reconstruction for inferring mating systems, dispersal and effective population size in headwater brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-21T16:45:19","indexId":"70036464","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sibship reconstruction for inferring mating systems, dispersal and effective population size in headwater brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations","docAbstract":"Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations have declined in much of the native range in eastern North America and populations are typically relegated to small headwater streams in Connecticut, USA. We used sibship reconstruction to infer mating systems, dispersal and effective population size of resident (non-anadromous) brook trout in two headwater stream channel networks in Connecticut. Brook trout were captured via backpack electrofishing using spatially continuous sampling in the two headwaters (channel network lengths of 4.4 and 7.7 km). Eight microsatellite loci were genotyped in a total of 740 individuals (80–140 mm) subsampled in a stratified random design from all 50 m-reaches in which trout were captured. Sibship reconstruction indicated that males and females were both mostly polygamous although single pair matings were also inferred. Breeder sex ratio was inferred to be nearly 1:1. Few large-sized fullsib families (>3 individuals) were inferred and the majority of individuals were inferred to have no fullsibs among those fish genotyped (family size = 1). The median stream channel distance between pairs of individuals belonging to the same large-sized fullsib families (>3 individuals) was 100 m (range: 0–1,850 m) and 250 m (range: 0–2,350 m) in the two study sites, indicating limited dispersal at least for the size class of individuals analyzed. Using a sibship assignment method, the effective population size for the two streams was estimated at 91 (95%CI: 67–123) and 210 (95%CI: 172–259), corresponding to the ratio of effective-to-census population size of 0.06 and 0.12, respectively. Both-sex polygamy, low variation in reproductive success, and a balanced sex ratio may help maintain genetic diversity of brook trout populations with small breeder sizes persisting in headwater channel networks.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/s10592-010-0166-9","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Kanno, Y., Vokoun, J.C., and Letcher, B., 2011, Sibship reconstruction for inferring mating systems, dispersal and effective population size in headwater brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations: Conservation Genetics, v. 12, no. 3, p. 619-628, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-010-0166-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"628","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Jefferson Hill-Spruce Brook, Kent Falls Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.46832275390624,\n 41.64213096472801\n ],\n [\n -73.46832275390624,\n 41.98195261665715\n ],\n [\n -72.8778076171875,\n 41.98195261665715\n ],\n [\n -72.8778076171875,\n 41.64213096472801\n ],\n [\n -73.46832275390624,\n 41.64213096472801\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8eeee4b08c986b318c23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kanno, Yoichiro ykanno@usgs.gov","contributorId":4876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanno","given":"Yoichiro","email":"ykanno@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":456267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vokoun, Jason C.","contributorId":173912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vokoun","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin H. 0000-0003-0191-5678 bletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":2864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin H.","email":"bletcher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034024,"text":"70034024 - 2011 - Revised correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with global and regional chronostratigraphic units and δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T10:51:06","indexId":"70034024","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2614,"text":"Lethaia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revised correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with global and regional chronostratigraphic units and δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphy","docAbstract":"Recent revisions to the biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic assignment of strata from the type area of the Niagaran Provincial Series (a regional chronostratigraphic unit) have demonstrated the need to revise the chronostratigraphic correlation of the Silurian System of North America. Recently, the working group to restudy the base of the Wenlock Series has developed an extremely high-resolution global chronostratigraphy for the Telychian and Sheinwoodian stages by integrating graptolite and conodont biostratigraphy with carbonate carbon isotope (??13Ccarb) chemostratigraphy. This improved global chronostratigraphy has required such significant chronostratigraphic revisions to the North American succession that much of the Silurian System in North America is currently in a state of flux and needs further refinement. This report serves as an update of the progress on recalibrating the global chronostratigraphic correlation of North American Provincial Series and Stage boundaries in their type area. The revised North American classification is correlated with global series and stages as well as regional classifications used in the United Kingdom, the East Baltic, Australia, China, the Barrandian, and Altaj. Twenty-four potential stage slices, based primarily on graptolite and conodont zones and correlated to the global series and stages, are illustrated alongside a new composite ??13Ccarb curve for the Silurian. Conodont, graptolite, isotope, New York, Ontario, series, Silurian, stage. ?? 2010 The Authors, Journal compilation ?? 2010 The Lethaia Foundation.","language":"English","publisher":"Lethia Foundation","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00234.x","issn":"00241164","usgsCitation":"Cramer, B., Brett, C., Melchin, M.J., Mannik, P., Kleffner, M.A., McLaughlin, P.I., Loydell, D.K., Munnecke, A., Jeppsson, L., Corradini, C., Brunton, F.R., and Saltzman, M.R., 2011, Revised correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with global and regional chronostratigraphic units and δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphy: Lethaia, v. 44, no. 2, p. 185-202, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00234.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216716,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00234.x"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aacb9e4b0c8380cd86db6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, Bradley D.","contributorId":51562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Bradley D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brett, Carlton E.","contributorId":25988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brett","given":"Carlton E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melchin, Michael J.","contributorId":86125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melchin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mannik, Peep","contributorId":94066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mannik","given":"Peep","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kleffner, Mark A.","contributorId":101915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleffner","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McLaughlin, Patrick I.","contributorId":105165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loydell, David K.","contributorId":16189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loydell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Munnecke, Axel","contributorId":96923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munnecke","given":"Axel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jeppsson, Lennart","contributorId":59273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeppsson","given":"Lennart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Corradini, Carlo","contributorId":78171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corradini","given":"Carlo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Brunton, Frank R.","contributorId":12715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunton","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Saltzman, Matthew R.","contributorId":41667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltzman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70033900,"text":"70033900 - 2011 - Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T12:11:46","indexId":"70033900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells","docAbstract":"The effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow patterns on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements were examined in five hydrologically distinct aquifer systems in the USA. Although naturally occurring, these trace elements can exceed concentrations that are considered harmful to human health. The results show that pumping-induced hydraulic gradient changes and artificial connection of aquifers by well screens can mix chemically distinct groundwater. Chemical reactions between these mixed groundwaters and solid aquifer materials can result in the mobilization of trace elements such as U, As and Ra, with subsequent transport to water-supply wells. For example, in the High Plains aquifer near York, Nebraska, mixing of shallow, oxygenated, lower-pH water from an unconfined aquifer with deeper, confined, anoxic, higher-pH water is facilitated by wells screened across both aquifers. The resulting higher-O2, lower-pH mixed groundwater facilitated the mobilization of U from solid aquifer materials, and dissolved U concentrations were observed to increase significantly in nearby supply wells. Similar instances of trace element mobilization due to human-induced mixing of groundwaters were documented in: (1) the Floridan aquifer system near Tampa, Florida (As and U), (2) Paleozoic sedimentary aquifers in eastern Wisconsin (As), (3) the basin-fill aquifer underlying the California Central Valley near Modesto (U), and (4) Coastal Plain aquifers of New Jersey (Ra). Adverse water-quality impacts attributed to human activities are commonly assumed to be related solely to the release of the various anthropogenic contaminants to the environment. The results show that human activities including various land uses, well drilling, and pumping rates and volumes can adversely impact the quality of water in supply wells, when associated with naturally-occurring trace elements in aquifer materials. This occurs by causing subtle but significant changes in geochemistry and associated trace element mobilization as well as enhancing advective transport processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Szabo, Z., Focazio, M., and Eberts, S.M., 2011, Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 5, p. 747-762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"747","endPage":"762","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.21093749999999,\n 49.49667452747045\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -125.68359374999999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -125.33203125,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -116.3671875,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 24.046463999666567\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -73.30078125,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -69.78515625,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 49.38237278700955\n ],\n [\n -126.21093749999999,\n 49.49667452747045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071ae4b0c8380cd51569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, J. D.","contributorId":96667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044504,"text":"70044504 - 2011 - On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-02T09:09:34","indexId":"70044504","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Hydrologic models often are applied to adjust projections of hydroclimatic change that come from climate models. Such adjustment includes climate-bias correction, spatial refinement (\"downscaling\"), and consideration of the roles of hydrologic processes that were neglected in the climate model. Described herein is a quantitative analysis of the effects of hydrologic adjustment on the projections of runoff change associated with projected twenty-first-century climate change. In a case study including three climate models and 10 river basins in the contiguous United States, the authors find that relative (i.e., fractional or percentage) runoff change computed with hydrologic adjustment more often than not was less positive (or, equivalently, more negative) than what was projected by the climate models. The dominant contributor to this decrease in runoff was a ubiquitous change in runoff (median -11%) caused by the hydrologic model’s apparent amplification of the climate-model-implied growth in potential evapotranspiration. Analysis suggests that the hydrologic model, on the basis of the empirical, temperature-based modified Jensen–Haise formula, calculates a change in potential evapotranspiration that is typically 3 times the change implied by the climate models, which explicitly track surface energy budgets. In comparison with the amplification of potential evapotranspiration, central tendencies of other contributions from hydrologic adjustment (spatial refinement, climate-bias adjustment, and process refinement) were relatively small. The authors’ findings highlight the need for caution when projecting changes in potential evapotranspiration for use in hydrologic models or drought indices to evaluate climate-change impacts on water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/2010EI363.1","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., and Dunne, K.A., 2011, On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration: Earth Interactions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010EI363.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019747","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010ei363.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270444,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010EI363.1"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf6e4b075500ee5ca7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Krista A. kadunne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Krista","email":"kadunne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036324,"text":"70036324 - 2011 - Age, composition, and areal distribution of the Pliocene Lawlor Tuff, and three younger Pliocene tuffs, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-01T10:59:16","indexId":"70036324","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, composition, and areal distribution of the Pliocene Lawlor Tuff, and three younger Pliocene tuffs, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"
The Lawlor Tuff is a widespread dacitic tephra layer produced by Plinian eruptions and ash flows derived from the Sonoma Volcanics, a volcanic area north of San Francisco Bay in the central Coast Ranges of California, USA. The younger, chemically similar Huichica tuff, the tuff of Napa, and the tuff of Monticello Road sequentially overlie the Lawlor Tuff, and were erupted from the same volcanic field. We obtain new laser-fusion and incremental-heating 40Ar/39Ar isochron and plateau ages of 4.834 ± 0.011, 4.76 ± 0.03, ≤4.70 ± 0.03, and 4.50 ± 0.02 Ma (1 sigma), respectively, for these layers. The ages are concordant with their stratigraphic positions and are significantly older than those determined previously by the K-Ar method on the same tuffs in previous studies.
Based on offsets of the ash-flow phase of the Lawlor Tuff by strands of the eastern San Andreas fault system within the northeastern San Francisco Bay area, total offset east of the Rodgers Creek–Healdsburg fault is estimated to be in the range of 36 to 56 km, with corresponding displacement rates between 8.4 and 11.6 mm/yr over the past ∼4.83 Ma.
We identify these tuffs by their chemical, petrographic, and magnetic characteristics over a large area in California and western Nevada, and at a number of new localities. They are thus unique chronostratigraphic markers that allow correlation of marine and terrestrial sedimentary and volcanic strata of early Pliocene age for their region of fallout. The tuff of Monticello Road is identified only near its eruptive source.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00609.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Deino, A., Fleck, R.J., McLaughlin, R.J., Wagner, D., Wan, E., Wahl, D.B., Hillhouse, J.W., and Perkins, M., 2011, Age, composition, and areal distribution of the Pliocene Lawlor Tuff, and three younger Pliocene tuffs, California and Nevada: Geosphere, v. 7, no. 3, p. 599-628, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00609.1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"628","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021607","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488018,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00609.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218371,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00609.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f4e4b0c8380cd47fe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":455528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deino, Alan L.","contributorId":196103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deino","given":"Alan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288 rjmcl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":1428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert","email":"rjmcl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wagner, David","contributorId":196135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wan, Elmira 0000-0002-9255-112X ewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-112X","contributorId":3434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Elmira","email":"ewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wahl, David B. 0000-0002-0451-3554 dwahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3554","contributorId":3433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","email":"dwahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hillhouse, John W. 0000-0002-1371-4622 jhillhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1371-4622","contributorId":2618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"John","email":"jhillhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":455525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perkins, Michael","contributorId":10304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70035394,"text":"70035394 - 2011 - Shallow conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, revealed by seismic signals associated with degassing bursts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-10T16:10:47","indexId":"70035394","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, revealed by seismic signals associated with degassing bursts","docAbstract":"Eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, beginning in March, 2008 and continuing to the present time is characterized by episodic explosive bursts of gas and ash from a vent within Halemaumau Pit Crater. These bursts are accompanied by seismic signals that are well recorded by a broadband network deployed in the summit caldera. We investigate in detail the dimensions and oscillation modes of the source of a representative burst in the 1−10 s band. An extended source is realized by a set of point sources distributed on a grid surrounding the source centroid, where the centroid position and source geometry are fixed from previous modeling of very-long-period (VLP) data in the 10–50 s band. The source time histories of all point sources are obtained simultaneously through waveform inversion carried out in the frequency domain. Short-scale noisy fluctuations of the source time histories between adjacent sources are suppressed with a smoothing constraint, whose strength is determined through a minimization of the Akaike Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC). Waveform inversions carried out for homogeneous and heterogeneous velocity structures both image a dominant source component in the form of an east trending dike with dimensions of 2.9 × 2.9 km. The dike extends ∼2 km west and ∼0.9 km east of the VLP centroid and spans the depth range 0.2–3.1 km. The source model for a homogeneous velocity structure suggests the dike is hinged at the source centroid where it bends from a strike E 27°N with northern dip of 85° west of the centroid, to a strike E 7°N with northern dip of 80° east of the centroid. The oscillating behavior of the dike is dominated by simple harmonic modes with frequencies ∼0.2 Hz and ∼0.5 Hz, representing the fundamental mode ν11 and first degenerate mode ν12 = ν21 of the dike. Although not strongly supported by data in the 1–10 s band, a north striking dike segment is required for enhanced compatibility with the model elaborated in the 10–50 s band. This dike provides connectivity between the east trending dike and the new vent within Halemaumau Pit Crater. Waveform inversions with a dual-dike model suggest dimensions of 0.7 × 0.7 km to 2.6 × 2.6 km for this segment. Further elaboration of the complex dike system under Halemaumau does not appear to be feasible with presently available data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008677","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2011, Shallow conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, revealed by seismic signals associated with degassing bursts: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008677.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"B12317","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487252,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008677"},{"id":243018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e1ae4b08c986b31872d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard","contributorId":65485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip","contributorId":21780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192767,"text":"70192767 - 2011 - Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene through Eocene), central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:46:06.73634","indexId":"70192767","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"10","title":"Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene through Eocene), central Texas","docAbstract":"The Wilcox Group of central Texas contains shallow (less than 500 ft) coal deposits that are mined for use in mine-mouth electric power generating plants. These coal deposits range in apparent rank from lignite to sub-bituminous (Pierce et al., 2011) and are similar in rank and composition to shallow coal deposits in the northeast and south Texas areas (Figure 1). The coal zones and associated strata in the central Texas assessment area generally dip to the southeast toward the Gulf of Mexico coastline and basin center. The central Texas resource assessment area includes parts of eight counties (Figure 2). The assessment area was selected to encompass current mining areas and areas with available subsurface stratigraphic data. The assessment area is roughly 160 miles long and 5 to 25 miles wide and generally follows the outcrop of the Paleocene to Eocene Wilcox Group in central Texas (Figures 1, 2). Approximately 1800 subsurface stratigraphic records from rotary and core drill holes were used to assess the resources of the central Texas assessment area. Of the 1800 drill holes, only 167 are public data points and are primarily located in the areas that have been permitted for surface mining (Figure 2; Appendix 1). The remaining 1632 drill holes, which are distributed throughout the assessment area, were provided to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on a confidential basis by various coal companies for use in regional studies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Aubourg, C.E., Suitt, S.E., Podwysocki, S.M., and Schultz, A.C., 2011, Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene through Eocene), central Texas, chap. 10 of Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 192-259.","productDescription":"68 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"259","ipdsId":"IP-020041","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-20T18:23:04.805221","indexId":"70036264","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation and management of crayfishes: Lessons from Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"North America's crayfish fauna is diverse, ecologically important, and highly threatened. Unfortunately, up‐to‐date information is scarce, hindering conservation and management efforts. In Pennsylvania and nearby states, recent efforts allowed us to determine the conservation status of several native crayfishes and develop management strategies for those species. Due to rarity and proximity to urban centers and introduced (exotic) crayfishes, Cambarus (Puncticambarus) sp., an undescribed member of the Cambarus acuminatus complex, is critically imperiled in Pennsylvania and possibly range‐wide. Orconectes limosus is more widespread; however, recent population losses have been substantial, especially in Pennsylvania, and northern Maryland, where its range has declined (retreated eastward) by greater than 200 km. Introduced congeners likely played a major role in those losses. Although extirpated from some areas, Cambarus bartonii bartonii remains widespread and is not an immediate conservation concern. In light of these findings, the role of barriers (e.g., dams), environmental protection, educational programs, and regulations in preventing crayfish invasions and conserving native crayfishes is discussed, and management initiatives centered on those factors are presented. The need for methods to eliminate exotics and monitor natives is highlighted. Although tailored to a specific regional fauna, these ideas have broad applicability and would benefit many North American crayfishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2011.607080","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Lieb, D., Bouchard, R., Carline, R., Nuttall, T., Wallace, J., and Burkholder, C., 2011, Conservation and management of crayfishes: Lessons from Pennsylvania: Fisheries, v. 36, no. 10, p. 489-506, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2011.607080.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"506","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -77.71728515624999,\n 39.639537564366684\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -75.03662109375,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -74.77294921875,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9d8e4b0c8380cd4d7f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lieb, D.A.","contributorId":98158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lieb","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouchard, R.W.","contributorId":55676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchard","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carline, R.F.","contributorId":107444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carline","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nuttall, T.R.","contributorId":26556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuttall","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallace, J.R.","contributorId":35574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burkholder, C.L.","contributorId":99412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkholder","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036162,"text":"70036162 - 2011 - Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T17:23:38","indexId":"70036162","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA","docAbstract":"The effects of Pleistocene cold-climate geomorphology are distributed across the weathered and eroded Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain uplands from the Wisconsinan terminal moraine south to Tidewater Virginia. Cold-climate deposits and landscape modifications are superimposed on antecedent landscapes of old, weathered Neogene upland gravels and Pleistocene marine terraces that had been built during warm periods and sea-level highstands. In New Jersey, sequences of surficial deposits define a long history of repeating climate change events. To the south across the Delmarva Peninsula and southern Maryland, most antecedent topography has been obscured by Late Pleistocene surficial deposits. These are spatially variable and are collectively described as a cold-climate alloformation. The cold-climate alloformation includes time-transgressive details of climate deterioration from at least marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 through the end of MIS 2. Some deposits and landforms within the alloformation may be as young as the Younger Dryas. Southwards along the trend of the Potomac River, these deposits and their climatic affinities become diffused. In Virginia, a continuum of erosion and surficial deposits appears to be the product of ‘normal’ temperate, climate-forced processes. The cold-climate alloformation and more temperate deposits in Virginia are being partly covered by Holocene alluvium and bay mud.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society, London","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1144/SP354.17","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Newell, W.L., and Dejong, B., 2011, Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 354, p. 259-276, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP354.17.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"276","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218248,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP354.17"},{"id":246241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"354","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a7e4b0c8380cd4cc2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, Wayne L. wnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":99114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne","email":"wnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dejong, B.D.","contributorId":96126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dejong","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}