The Canary Archipelago has long been a sensitive location to record climate changes of the past. Interbedded with its basalt lavas are marine deposits from the principal Pleistocene interglacials, as well as aeolian sands with intercalated palaeosols. The palaeosols contain African dust and innumerable relict egg pods of a temperate‐region locust (cf. Dociostaurus maroccanusThunberg 1815). New ecological and stratigraphical information reveals the geological history of locust plagues (or infestations) and their palaeoclimatic significance. Here, we show that the first arrival of the plagues to the Canary Islands from Africa took place near the end of the Pliocene, ca. 3 Ma, and reappeared with immense strength during the middle Late Pleistocene preceding MIS (marine isotope stage) 11 (ca. 420 ka), MIS 5.5 (ca. 125 ka) and probably during other warm interglacials of the late Middle Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene. During the Early Holocene, locust plagues may have coincided with a brief cool period in the current interglacial. Climatically, locust plagues on the Canaries are a link in the chain of full‐glacial arid–cold climate (calcareous dunes), early interglacial arid–sub‐humid climate (African dust inputs and locust plagues), peak interglacial warm–humid climate (marine deposits with Senegalese fauna), transitional arid–temperate climate (pedogenic calcretes), and again full‐glacial arid–cold climate (calcareous dunes) oscillations. During the principal interglacials of the Pleistocene, the Canary Islands recorded the migrations of warm Senegalese marine faunas to the north, crossing latitudes in the Euro‐African Atlantic. However, this northward marine faunal migration was preceded in the terrestrial realm by interglacial infestations of locusts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00255.x","issn":"00241164","usgsCitation":"Meco, J., Muhs, D., Fontugne, M., Ramos, A., Lomoschitz, A., and Patterson, D., 2011, Late Pliocene and Quaternary Eurasian locust infestations in the Canary Archipelago: Lethaia, v. 44, no. 4, p. 440-454, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00255.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"440","endPage":"454","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489036,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10553/17953","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216557,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00255.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a451be4b0c8380cd67040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meco, J.","contributorId":48412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meco","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fontugne, M.","contributorId":74225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontugne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramos, A.J.","contributorId":61265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramos","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lomoschitz, A.","contributorId":7531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lomoschitz","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Patterson, D.","contributorId":91216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034932,"text":"70034932 - 2011 - Enhancement of long period components of recorded and synthetic ground motions using InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T19:45:19.604672","indexId":"70034932","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement of long period components of recorded and synthetic ground motions using InSAR","docAbstract":"Tall buildings and flexible structures require a better characterization of long period ground motion spectra than the one provided by current seismic building codes. Motivated by that, a methodology is proposed and tested to improve recorded and synthetic ground motions which are consistent with the observed co-seismic displacement field obtained from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis of image data for the Tocopilla 2007 earthquake (Mw=7.7) in Northern Chile. A methodology is proposed to correct the observed motions such that, after double integration, they are coherent with the local value of the residual displacement. Synthetic records are generated by using a stochastic finite-fault model coupled with a long period pulse to capture the long period fling effect.
It is observed that the proposed co-seismic correction yields records with more accurate long-period spectral components as compared with regular correction schemes such as acausal filtering. These signals provide an estimate for the velocity and displacement spectra, which are essential for tall-building design. Furthermore, hints are provided as to the shape of long-period spectra for seismic zones prone to large co-seismic displacements such as the Nazca-South American zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.01.005","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Abell, J., Carlos de la Llera, J., and Wicks, C.W., 2011, Enhancement of long period components of recorded and synthetic ground motions using InSAR: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 31, no. 5-6, p. 817-829, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.01.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"817","endPage":"829","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489010,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3298447","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.01.005"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Tocopilla","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.224365234375,\n -24.226928664976363\n ],\n [\n -68.631591796875,\n -24.226928664976363\n ],\n [\n -68.631591796875,\n -20.910134481692673\n ],\n [\n -71.224365234375,\n -20.910134481692673\n ],\n [\n -71.224365234375,\n -24.226928664976363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0973e4b0c8380cd51f0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abell, J.A.","contributorId":30068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abell","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlos de la Llera, J.","contributorId":94521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlos de la Llera","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr. 0000-0002-0809-1328 cwicks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":127701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cwicks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034510,"text":"70034510 - 2011 - Short-term sandbar variability based on video imagery: Comparison between Time-Average and Time-Variance techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T17:29:29.863775","indexId":"70034510","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term sandbar variability based on video imagery: Comparison between Time-Average and Time-Variance techniques","docAbstract":"Time–exposure intensity (averaged) images are commonly used to locate the nearshore sandbar position (xb), based on the cross-shore locations of maximum pixel intensity (xi) of the bright bands in the images. It is not known, however, how the breaking patterns seen in Variance images (i.e. those created through standard deviation of pixel intensity over time) are related to the sandbar locations. We investigated the suitability of both Time–exposure and Variance images for sandbar detection within a multiple bar system on the southern coast of Brazil, and verified the relation between wave breaking patterns, observed as bands of high intensity in these images and cross-shore profiles of modeled wave energy dissipation (xD). Not only is Time–exposure maximum pixel intensity location (xi-Ti) well related to xb, but also to the maximum pixel intensity location of Variance images (xi-Va), although the latter was typically located 15 m offshore of the former. In addition, xi-Va was observed to be better associated with xD even though xi-Ti is commonly assumed as maximum wave energy dissipation. Significant wave height (Hs) and water level (η) were observed to affect the two types of images in a similar way, with an increase in both Hs and η resulting in xi shifting offshore. This η-induced xi variability has an opposite behavior to what is described in the literature, and is likely an indirect effect of higher waves breaking farther offshore during periods of storm surges. Multiple regression models performed on xi, Hs and η allowed the reduction of the residual errors between xb and xi, yielding accurate estimates with most residuals less than 10 m. Additionally, it was found that the sandbar position was best estimated using xi-Ti (xi-Va) when xb was located shoreward (seaward) of its mean position, for both the first and the second bar. Although it is unknown whether this is an indirect hydrodynamic effect or is indeed related to the morphology, we found that this behavior can be explored to optimize sandbar estimation using video imagery, even in the absence of hydrodynamic data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.015","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Guedes, R., Calliari, L., Holland, K.T., Plant, N., Pereira, P., and Alves, F., 2011, Short-term sandbar variability based on video imagery: Comparison between Time-Average and Time-Variance techniques: Marine Geology, v. 289, no. 1-4, p. 122-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.015.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"134","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215798,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.015"}],"volume":"289","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ec6e4b08c986b318b36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guedes, R.M.C.","contributorId":87775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guedes","given":"R.M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calliari, L.J.","contributorId":80509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calliari","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, K. T.","contributorId":61013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plant, N.G.","contributorId":94023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pereira, P.S.","contributorId":74981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alves, F.N.A.","contributorId":59649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alves","given":"F.N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034930,"text":"70034930 - 2011 - Notes on the origin of inertinite macerals in coal: Evidence for fungal and arthropod transformations of degraded macerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T19:52:57.557502","indexId":"70034930","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the origin of inertinite macerals in coal: Evidence for fungal and arthropod transformations of degraded macerals","docAbstract":"The role of fungus in the formation of coal macerals, both as a primary contributor in the form of a fungus fossil/maceral funginite, and in their role in degrading wood, thus producing degraded maceral forms, has been established. Fungus, in the course of breaking down the lignin and cellulose in wood, make the wood more digestible for grazers, such as arthropods. In turn, the remnants of the digested wood and anything else eaten but not completely digested are excreted and can be preserved intact; eaten by other fauna with a repeat of the cycle; or colonized by bacteria and/or coprophilous fungi with or without subsequent preservation. Ultimately, the coprolites can be preserved as a form of macrinite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2011.02.005","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., O’Keefe, J., Eble, C., Raymond, A., Valentim, B., Volk, T., Richardson, A., Satterwhite, A.B., Hatch, R., Stucker, J., and Watt, M., 2011, Notes on the origin of inertinite macerals in coal: Evidence for fungal and arthropod transformations of degraded macerals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 86, no. 2-3, p. 231-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.02.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"240","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.02.005"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6891e4b0c8380cd738ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Keefe, J.M.K.","contributorId":21768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Keefe","given":"J.M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35685,"text":"Morehead State University, Morehead, KY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raymond, A.","contributorId":14118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Valentim, B.","contributorId":22986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentim","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Volk, T.J.","contributorId":94115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volk","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Richardson, A.R.","contributorId":24382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Satterwhite, Anne B.","contributorId":88165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satterwhite","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hatch, R.S.","contributorId":26151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stucker, J.D.","contributorId":40810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stucker","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Watt, M.A.","contributorId":65687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70034175,"text":"70034175 - 2011 - Recovering from the ShakeOut earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-19T15:05:44","indexId":"70034175","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovering from the ShakeOut earthquake","docAbstract":"Recovery from an earthquake like the M7.8 ShakeOut Scenario will be a major endeavor taking many years to complete. Hundreds of Southern California municipalities will be affected; most lack recovery plans or previous disaster experience. To support recovery planning this paper 1) extends the regional ShakeOut Scenario analysis into the recovery period using a recovery model, 2) localizes analyses to identify longer-term impacts and issues in two communities, and 3) considers the regional context of local recovery.Key community insights about preparing for post-disaster recovery include the need to: geographically diversify city procurement; set earthquake mitigation priorities for critical infrastructure (e.g., airport), plan to replace mobile homes with earthquake safety measures, consider post-earthquake redevelopment opportunities ahead of time, and develop post-disaster recovery management and governance structures. This work also showed that communities with minor damages are still sensitive to regional infrastructure damages and their potential long-term impacts on community recovery. This highlights the importance of community and infrastructure resilience strategies as well.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","doi":"10.1193/1.3581225","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Wein, A., Johnson, L., and Bernknopf, R., 2011, Recovering from the ShakeOut earthquake: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. 2, p. 521-538, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3581225.","startPage":"521","endPage":"538","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216549,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3581225"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a2f5e4b0e8fec6cdb760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Laurie","contributorId":11294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard","contributorId":51701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034312,"text":"70034312 - 2011 - Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T18:59:28.274512","indexId":"70034312","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu","docAbstract":"The human dimensions of biotic invasion are generally poorly understood, even among the most familiar invasive species. Kudzu (Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.) is a prominent invasive plant and an example of quasi-wild species, which has experienced repeated introduction, cultivation, and escape back to the wild. Here, we review a large body of primary scientific and historic records spanning thousands of years to characterize the complex relationships among kudzu, its natural enemies, and humans, and provide a synthesis and conceptual model relevant to the ecology and management of quasi-wild invasive species. We documented over 350, mostly insect, natural enemy species and their impacts on kudzu in its native East Asian range. These natural enemies play a minor role in limiting kudzu in its native range, rarely generating severe impacts on populations of wild kudzu. We identified a number of significant influences of humans including dispersal, diverse cultural selection, and facilitation through disturbances, which catalyzed the expansion and exuberance of kudzu. On the other hand, harvest by humans appears to be the major control mechanism in its native areas. Humans thus have a complex relationship with kudzu. They have acted as both friend and foe, affecting the distribution and abundance of kudzu in ways that vary across its range and over time. Our conceptual model of kudzu emphasizes the importance of multiple human dimensions in shaping the biogeography of a species and illustrates how kudzu and other quasi-wild species are more likely to be successful invaders.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10530-011-0042-7","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"Li, Z., Dong, Q., Albright, T.P., and Guo, Q., 2011, Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu: Biological Invasions, v. 13, no. 10, p. 2167-2179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0042-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2167","endPage":"2179","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0042-7"}],"volume":"13","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62d7e4b0c8380cd7213a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Z.","contributorId":29160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dong, Q.","contributorId":39152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albright, Thomas P.","contributorId":78114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albright","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034314,"text":"70034314 - 2011 - Mars: the evolutionary history of the northern lowlands based on crater counting and geologic mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-06T09:58:39","indexId":"70034314","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars: the evolutionary history of the northern lowlands based on crater counting and geologic mapping","docAbstract":"The geologic history of planetary surfaces is most effectively determined by joining geologic mapping and crater counting which provides an iterative, qualitative and quantitative method for defining relative ages and absolute model ages. Based on this approach, we present spatial and temporal details regarding the evolution of the Martian northern plains and surrounding regions.
\nThe highland–lowland boundary (HLB) formed during the pre-Noachian and was subsequently modified through various processes. The Nepenthes Mensae unit along the northern margins of the cratered highlands, was formed by HLB scarp-erosion, deposition of sedimentary and volcanic materials, and dissection by surface runoff between 3.81 and 3.65 Ga. Ages for giant polygons in Utopia and Acidalia Planitiae are ~ 3.75 Ga and likely reflect the age of buried basement rocks. These buried lowland surfaces are comparable in age to those located closer to the HLB, where a much thinner, post-HLB deposit is mapped. The emplacement of the most extensive lowland surfaces ended between 3.75 and 3.4 Ga, based on densities of craters generally View the MathML source> 3 km in diameter. Results from the polygonal terrain support the existence of a major lowland depocenter shortly after the pre-Noachian formation of the northern lowlands. In general, northern plains surfaces show gradually younger ages at lower elevations, consistent local to regional unit emplacement and resurfacing between 3.6 and 2.6 Ga. Elevation levels and morphology are not necessarily related, and variations in ages within the mapped units are found, especially in units formed and modified by multiple geological processes. Regardless, most of the youngest units in the northern lowlands are considered to be lavas, polar ice, or thick mantle deposits, arguing against the ocean theory during the Amazonian Period (younger than about 3.15 Ga).
\nAll ages measured in the closest vicinity of the steep dichotomy escarpment are also 3.7 Ga or older. The formation ages of volcanic flanks at the HLB (e.g., Alba Mons (3.6–3.4 Ga) and the last fan at Apollinaris Mons, 3.71 Ga) may give additional temporal constraint for the possible existence of any kind of Martian ocean before about 3.7 Ga. It seems to reflect the termination of a large-scale, precipitation-based hydrological cycle and major geologic processes related to such cycling.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.022","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Werner, S., Tanaka, K.L., and Skinner, J., 2011, Mars: the evolutionary history of the northern lowlands based on crater counting and geologic mapping: Planetary and Space Science, v. 59, no. 11-12, p. 1143-1165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.022.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1165","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.022"},{"id":244524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"59","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a522ae4b0c8380cd6c1ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, S.C.","contributorId":22170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, J.A. Jr.","contributorId":80395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034315,"text":"70034315 - 2011 - USGS remote sensing coordination for the 2010 Haiti earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T12:29:10","indexId":"70034315","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS remote sensing coordination for the 2010 Haiti earthquake","docAbstract":"In response to the devastating 12 January 2010, earthquake in Haiti, the US Geological Survey (USGS) provided essential coordinating services for remote sensing activities. Communication was rapidly established between the widely distributed response teams and data providers to define imaging requirements and sensor tasking opportunities. Data acquired from a variety of sources were received and archived by the USGS, and these products were subsequently distributed using the Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS) and other mechanisms. Within six weeks after the earthquake, over 600,000 files representing 54 terabytes of data were provided to the response community. The USGS directly supported a wide variety of groups in their use of these data to characterize post-earthquake conditions and to make comparisons with pre-event imagery. The rapid and continuing response achieved was enabled by existing imaging and ground systems, and skilled personnel adept in all aspects of satellite data acquisition, processing, distribution and analysis. The information derived from image interpretation assisted senior planners and on-site teams to direct assistance where it was most needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.77.9.899","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Duda, K., and Jones, B., 2011, USGS remote sensing coordination for the 2010 Haiti earthquake: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 77, no. 9, p. 899-908, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.77.9.899.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"899","endPage":"908","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.77.9.899","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbd7e4b08c986b32887a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Kenneth A. duda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Kenneth A.","email":"duda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Brenda 0000-0003-4941-5349 bkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5349","contributorId":2994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Brenda","email":"bkjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034316,"text":"70034316 - 2011 - 40Ar* loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T16:56:26.522573","indexId":"70034316","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar* loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks","docAbstract":"The effects of deformation on radiogenic argon (40Ar∗) retentivity in mica are described from high pressure experiments performed on rock samples of peraluminous granite containing euhedral muscovite and biotite. Cylindrical cores, ∼15 mm in length and 6.25 mm in diameter, were drilled from granite collected from the South Armorican Massif in northwestern France, loaded into gold capsules, and weld-sealed in the presence of excess water. The samples were deformed at a pressure of 10 kb and a temperature of 600 °C over a period 29 of hours within a solid medium assembly in a Griggs-type triaxial hydraulic deformation apparatus. Overall shortening in the experiments was approximately 10%. Transmitted light and secondary and backscattered electron imaging of the deformed granite samples reveals evidence of induced defects and for significant physical grain size reduction by kinking, cracking, and grain segmentation of the micas.
Infrared (IR) laser (CO2) heating of individual 1.5–2.5 mm diameter grains of muscovite and biotite separated from the undeformed granite yield well-defined 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 311 ± 2 Ma (2σ). Identical experiments on single grains separated from the experimentally deformed granite yield results indicating 40Ar∗ loss of 0–35% in muscovite and 2–3% 40Ar∗ loss in biotite. Intragrain in situ ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar ages (±4–10%, 1σ) of deformed muscovites range from 309 ± 13 to 264 ± 7 Ma, consistent with 0–16% 40Ar∗ loss relative to the undeformed muscovite. The in situ UV laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar ages of deformed biotite vary from 301 to 217 Ma, consistent with up to 32% 40Ar∗ loss. No spatial correlation is observed between in situ 40Ar/39Ar age and position within individual grains. Using available argon diffusion data for muscovite the observed 40Ar∗ loss in the experimentally treated muscovite can be utilized to predict average 40Ar∗ diffusion dimensions. Maximum 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained by UV laser ablation overlap those of the undeformed muscovite, indicating argon loss of <1% and an average effective grain radius for 40Ar∗ diffusion ⩾700 μm. The UV laser ablation and IR laser incremental 40Ar/39Ar ages indicating 40Ar∗ loss of 16% and 35%, respectively, are consistent with an average diffusion radius ≪100 μm. These results support a hypothesis of grain-scale 40Ar∗ diffusion distances in undeformed mica and a heterogeneous mechanical reduction in the intragrain effective diffusion length scale for 40Ar∗ in deformed mica. Reduction in the effective diffusion length scale in naturally deformed samples occurs most probably through production of mesoscopic and submicroscopic defects such as, e.g., stacking faults. A network of interconnected defects, continuously forming and annealing during dynamic deformation likely plays an important role in controlling both 40Ar∗ retention and intragrain distribution in deformed mica. Intragrain 40Ar/39Ar ages, when combined with estimates of diffusion kinetics and distances, may provide a means of establishing thermochronological histories from individual micas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.012","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Cosca, M., Stunitz, H., Bourgeix, A., and Lee, J., 2011, 40Ar* loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 24, p. 7759-7778, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.012.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"7759","endPage":"7778","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216672,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.012"}],"volume":"75","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e25ee4b0c8380cd45b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosca, M. 0000-0002-0600-7663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":107417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stunitz, H.","contributorId":44385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stunitz","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bourgeix, A.-L.","contributorId":10250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeix","given":"A.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, J.P.","contributorId":21373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034317,"text":"70034317 - 2011 - Genetic variation in westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi: Implications for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T16:50:39.932265","indexId":"70034317","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation in westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi: Implications for conservation","docAbstract":"Twenty-five populations of westslope cutthroat trout from throughout their native range were genotyped at 20 microsatellite loci to describe the genetic structure of westslope cutthroat trout. The most genetic diversity (heterozygosity, allelic richness, and private alleles) existed in populations from the Snake River drainage, while populations from the Missouri River drainage had the least. Neighbor-joining trees grouped populations according to major river drainages. A great amount of genetic differentiation was present among and within all drainages. Based on Nei’s D S , populations in the Snake River were the most differentiated, while populations in the Missouri River were the least. This pattern of differentiation is consistent with a history of sequential founding events through which westslope cutthroat trout may have experienced a genetic bottleneck as they colonized each river basin from the Snake to the Clark Fork to the Missouri river. These data should serve as a starting point for a discussion on management units and possible distinct population segments. Given the current threats to the persistence of westslope cutthroat trout, and the substantial genetic differentiation between populations, these topics warrant attention.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10592-011-0249-2","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Drinan, D., Kalinowski, S., Vu, N., Shepard, B., Muhlfeld, C., and Campbell, M.R., 2011, Genetic variation in westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi: Implications for conservation: Conservation Genetics, v. 12, no. 6, p. 1513-1523, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0249-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1513","endPage":"1523","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0249-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River, Clark Fork River, Snake River, and Saint Mary River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 43.35713822211053\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a158ee4b0c8380cd54e88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drinan, D.P.","contributorId":93729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drinan","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalinowski, S.T.","contributorId":26899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vu, N.V.","contributorId":78583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vu","given":"N.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shepard, B.B.","contributorId":107054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muhlfeld, C.C.","contributorId":97850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell, M. R.","contributorId":92639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034134,"text":"70034134 - 2011 - Terrestrial, benthic, and pelagic resource use in lakes: Results from a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034134","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial, benthic, and pelagic resource use in lakes: Results from a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model","docAbstract":"Fluxes of organic matter across habitat boundaries are common in food webs. These fluxes may strongly influence community dynamics, depending on the extent to which they are used by consumers. Yet understanding of basal resource use by consumers is limited, because describing trophic pathways in complex food webs is difficult. We quantified resource use for zooplankton, zoobenthos, and fishes in four low-productivity lakes, using a Bayesian mixing model and measurements of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Multiple sources of uncertainty were explicitly incorporated into the model. As a result, posterior estimates of resource use were often broad distributions; nevertheless, clear patterns were evident. Zooplankton relied on terrestrial and pelagic primary production, while zoobenthos and fishes relied on terrestrial and benthic primary production. Across all consumer groups terrestrial reliance tended to be higher, and benthic reliance lower, in lakes where light penetration was low due to inputs of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon. These results support and refine an emerging consensus that terrestrial and benthic support of lake food webs can be substantial, and they imply that changes in the relative availability of basal resources drive the strength of cross-habitat trophic connections. ?? 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/i0012-9658-92-5-1115","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Solomon, C., Carpenter, S., Clayton, M., Cole, J.J., Coloso, J., Pace, M.L., Vander Zanden, M.J., and Weidel, B., 2011, Terrestrial, benthic, and pelagic resource use in lakes: Results from a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model: Ecology, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1115-1125, https://doi.org/10.1890/i0012-9658-92-5-1115.","startPage":"1115","endPage":"1125","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487954,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Terrestrial_benthic_and_pelagic_resource_use_in_lakes_results_from_a_three-isotope_Bayesian_mixing_model/24728529","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/i0012-9658-92-5-1115"},{"id":244839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba565e4b08c986b320a06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solomon, C.T.","contributorId":79728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, S.R.","contributorId":84534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, M.K.","contributorId":38365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, J. J.","contributorId":25746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coloso, J.J.","contributorId":30849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coloso","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pace, M. L.","contributorId":72542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pace","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vander Zanden, M. J.","contributorId":30832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vander Zanden","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weidel, B.C.","contributorId":47978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034133,"text":"70034133 - 2011 - Probabilistic estimates of number of undiscovered deposits and their total tonnages in permissive tracts using deposit densities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T14:22:12","indexId":"70034133","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic estimates of number of undiscovered deposits and their total tonnages in permissive tracts using deposit densities","docAbstract":"Empirical evidence indicates that processes affecting number and quantity of resources in geologic settings are very general across deposit types. Sizes of permissive tracts that geologically could contain the deposits are excellent predictors of numbers of deposits. In addition, total ore tonnage of mineral deposits of a particular type in a tract is proportional to the type’s median tonnage in a tract. Regressions using size of permissive tracts and median tonnage allow estimation of number of deposits and of total tonnage of mineralization. These powerful estimators, based on 10 different deposit types from 109 permissive worldwide control tracts, generalize across deposit types. Estimates of number of deposits and of total tonnage of mineral deposits are made by regressing permissive area, and mean (in logs) tons in deposits of the type, against number of deposits and total tonnage of deposits in the tract for the 50th percentile estimates. The regression equations (R2 = 0.91 and 0.95) can be used for all deposit types just by inserting logarithmic values of permissive area in square kilometers, and mean tons in deposits in millions of metric tons. The regression equations provide estimates at the 50th percentile, and other equations are provided for 90% confidence limits for lower estimates and 10% confidence limits for upper estimates of number of deposits and total tonnage. Equations for these percentile estimates along with expected value estimates are presented here along with comparisons with independent expert estimates. Also provided are the equations for correcting for the known well-explored deposits in a tract. These deposit-density models require internally consistent grade and tonnage models and delineations for arriving at unbiased estimates.
A field investigation was performed to retest liquefaction and nonliquefaction sites from the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China. These sites were carefully investigated in 1978 and 1979 by using standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) equipment; however, the CPT measurements are obsolete because of the now nonstandard cone that was used at the time. In 2007, a modern cone was mobilized to retest 18 selected sites that are particularly important because of the intense ground shaking they sustained despite their high fines content and/or because the site did not liquefy. Of the sites reinvestigated and carefully reprocessed, 13 were considered accurate representative case histories. Two of the sites that were originally investigated for liquefaction have been reinvestigated for cyclic failure of fine-grained soil and removed from consideration for liquefaction triggering. The most important outcome of these field investigations was the collection of more accurate data for three nonliquefaction sites that experienced intense ground shaking. Data for these three case histories is now included in an area of the liquefaction triggering database that was poorly populated and will help constrain the upper bound of future liquefaction triggering curves.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000406","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Moss, R., Kayen, R.E., Tong, L., Liu, S., Cai, G., and Wu, J., 2011, Retesting of liquefaction and nonliquefaction case histories from the 1976 Tangshan earthquake: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 137, no. 4, p. 334-343, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000406.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"343","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":501077,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cenv_fac/215","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216025,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000406"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Tangshan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 116.19140625,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n 119.94873046875,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n 119.94873046875,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n 116.19140625,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n 116.19140625,\n 38.788345355085625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"137","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac17e4b0c8380cd86b4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, R.E.S.","contributorId":71362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"R.E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tong, L.-Y.","contributorId":32374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tong","given":"L.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, S.-Y.","contributorId":71027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cai, G.-J.","contributorId":21784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"G.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wu, J.","contributorId":56998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034870,"text":"70034870 - 2011 - College and university environmental programs as a policy problem (Part 2): Strategies for improvement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-09T20:40:03.056424","indexId":"70034870","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"College and university environmental programs as a policy problem (Part 2): Strategies for improvement","docAbstract":"Environmental studies and environmental sciences programs in American and Canadian colleges and universities seek to ameliorate environmental problems through empirical enquiry and analytic judgment. In a companion article (Part 1) we describe the environmental program movement (EPM) and discuss factors that have hindered its performance. Here, we complete our analysis by proposing strategies for improvement. We recommend that environmental programs re-organize around three principles. First, adopt as an overriding goal the concept of human dignity—defined as freedom and social justice in healthy, sustainable environments. This clear higher-order goal captures the human and environmental aspirations of the EPM and would provide a more coherent direction for the efforts of diverse participants. Second, employ an explicit, genuinely interdisciplinary analytical framework that facilitates the use of multiple methods to investigate and address environmental and social problems in context. Third, develop educational programs and applied experiences that provide students with the technical knowledge, powers of observation, critical thinking skills and management acumen required for them to become effective professionals and leaders. Organizing around these three principles would build unity in the EPM while at the same time capitalizing on the strengths of the many disciplines and diverse local conditions involved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00267-011-9635-2","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Clark, S., Rutherford, M., Auer, M., Cherney, D., Wallace, R., Mattson, D.J., Clark, D.A., Foote, L., Krogman, N., Wilshusen, P., and Steelman, T., 2011, College and university environmental programs as a policy problem (Part 2): Strategies for improvement: Environmental Management, v. 47, no. 5, p. 716-726, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9635-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"716","endPage":"726","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9635-2"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7b4e4b0c8380cd4cc6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, S.G.","contributorId":11845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, M.B.","contributorId":76535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auer, M.R.","contributorId":81710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auer","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherney, D.N.","contributorId":62051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherney","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallace, R.L.","contributorId":103985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mattson, David J. david_mattson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"david_mattson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, D. A.","contributorId":57488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Foote, L.","contributorId":66934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Krogman, N.","contributorId":58862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krogman","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wilshusen, P.","contributorId":70616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilshusen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Steelman, T.","contributorId":26539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steelman","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70034814,"text":"70034814 - 2011 - Economic resilience lessons from the ShakeOut earthquake scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T22:23:05","indexId":"70034814","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economic resilience lessons from the ShakeOut earthquake scenario","docAbstract":"Following a damaging earthquake, “business interruption” (BI)—reduced production of goods and services—begins and continues long after the ground shaking stops. Economic resilience reduces BI losses by making the best use of the resources available at a given point in time (static resilience) or by speeding recovery through repair and reconstruction (dynamic resilience), in contrast to mitigation that prevents damage in the first place. Economic resilience is an important concept to incorporate into economic loss modeling and in recovery and contingency planning. Economic resilience framework includes the applicability of resilience strategies to production inputs and output, demand- and supply-side effects, inherent and adaptive abilities, and levels of the economy. We use our resilience framework to organize and share strategies that enhance economic resilience, identify overlooked resilience strategies, and present evidence and structure of resilience strategies for economic loss modelers. Numerous resilience strategies are compiled from stakeholder discussions about the ShakeOut Scenario (Jones et. al. 2008). Modeled results of ShakeOut BI sector losses reveal variable effectiveness of resilience strategies for lengthy disruptions caused by fire-damaged buildings and water service outages. Resilience is a complement to mitigation and may, in fact, have cost and all-hazards advantages.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EERI","doi":"10.1193/1.3582849","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Wein, A., and Rose, A., 2011, Economic resilience lessons from the ShakeOut earthquake scenario: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. 2, p. 559-573, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3582849.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"573","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3582849"},{"id":243830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a058ce4b0c8380cd50e3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wein, A.","contributorId":53177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, A.","contributorId":6689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034812,"text":"70034812 - 2011 - Coherence of river and ocean conditions along the US West Coast during storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-15T18:27:35.003239","indexId":"70034812","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coherence of river and ocean conditions along the US West Coast during storms","docAbstract":"The majority of water and sediment discharge from the small, mountainous watersheds of the US West Coast occurs during and immediately following winter storms. The physical conditions (waves, currents, and winds) within and acting upon the proximal coastal ocean during these winter storms strongly influence dispersal patterns. We examined this river–ocean temporal coherence for four coastal river–shelf systems of the US West Coast (Umpqua, Eel, Salinas, and Santa Clara) to evaluate whether specific ocean conditions occur during floods that may influence coastal dispersal of sediment. Eleven years of corresponding river discharge, wind, and wave data were obtained for each river–shelf system from USGS and NOAA historical records, and each record was evaluated for seasonal and event-based patterns. Because near-bed shear stresses due to waves influence sediment resuspension and transport, we used spectral wave data to compute and evaluate wave-generated bottom-orbital velocities. The highest values of wave energy and discharge for all four systems were consistently observed between October 15 and March 15, and there were strong latitudinal patterns observed in these data with lower discharge and wave energies in the southernmost systems. During floods we observed patterns of river–ocean coherence that differed from the overall seasonal patterns. For example, downwelling winds generally prevailed during floods in the northern two systems (Umpqua and Eel), whereas winds in the southern systems (Salinas and Santa Clara) were generally downwelling before peak discharge and upwelling after peak discharge. Winds not associated with floods were generally upwelling on all four river–shelf systems. Although there are seasonal variations in river–ocean coherence, waves generally led floods in the three northern systems, while they lagged floods in the Santa Clara. Combined, these observations suggest that there are consistent river–ocean coherence patterns along the US West Coast during winter storms and that these patterns vary substantially with latitude. These results should assist with future evaluations of flood plume formation and sediment fate along this coast.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.012","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Kniskern, T.A., Warrick, J.A., Farnsworth, K., Wheatcroft, R.A., and Goni, M., 2011, Coherence of river and ocean conditions along the US West Coast during storms: Continental Shelf Research, v. 31, no. 7-8, p. 789-805, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.012.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"789","endPage":"805","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215962,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"The Umpqua, Eel, Salinas, and Santa Clara","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -116.3671875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -117.861328125,\n 33.50475906922609\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a3e4b0c8380cd4cc11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kniskern, T. A.","contributorId":42807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kniskern","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":167736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farnsworth, K.L.","contributorId":36746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wheatcroft, R. A.","contributorId":76503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheatcroft","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goni, M.A.","contributorId":32347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goni","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034811,"text":"70034811 - 2011 - Genetic discontinuity among regional populations of Lophelia pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:27:55","indexId":"70034811","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic discontinuity among regional populations of Lophelia pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean","title":"Genetic discontinuity among regional populations of Lophelia pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the degree to which populations are connected through larval dispersal is imperative to effective management, yet little is known about larval dispersal ability or population connectivity in Lophelia pertusa, the dominant framework-forming coral on the continental slope in the North Atlantic Ocean. Using nine microsatellite DNA markers, we assessed the spatial scale and pattern of genetic connectivity across a large portion of the range of L. pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean. A Bayesian modeling approach found four distinct genetic groupings corresponding to ocean regions: Gulf of Mexico, coastal southeastern U.S., New England Seamounts, and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. An isolation-by-distance pattern was supported across the study area. Estimates of pairwise population differentiation were greatest with the deepest populations, the New England Seamounts (average F ST = 0.156). Differentiation was intermediate with the eastern North Atlantic populations (F ST = 0.085), and smallest between southeastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico populations (F ST = 0.019), with evidence of admixture off the southeastern Florida peninsula. Connectivity across larger geographic distances within regions suggests that some larvae are broadly dispersed. Heterozygote deficiencies were detected within the majority of localities suggesting deviation from random mating. Gene flow between ocean regions appears restricted, thus, the most effective management scheme for L. pertusa involves regional reserve networks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-010-0178-5","usgsCitation":"Morrison, C., Ross, S.W., Nizinski, M., Brooke, S., Jarnegren, J., Waller, R., Johnson, R.L., and King, T., 2011, Genetic discontinuity among regional populations of Lophelia pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean: Conservation Genetics, v. 12, no. 3, p. 713-729, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-010-0178-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"729","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1570e4b0c8380cd54df6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, C.L. 0000-0001-9425-691X cmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":72915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"C.L.","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":72543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nizinski, M.S.","contributorId":94495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nizinski","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooke, S.","contributorId":99793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooke","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jarnegren, J.","contributorId":76569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnegren","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waller, R.G.","contributorId":70591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Robin L.","contributorId":68635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"King, T.L.","contributorId":93416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034790,"text":"70034790 - 2011 - Road-testing the outreach best practices manual: Applicability for implementation of the development phase projects by the regional carbon sequestration partnerships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-15T11:39:24.079351","indexId":"70034790","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5215,"text":"Energy Procedia","onlineIssn":"1876-6102","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Road-testing the outreach best practices manual: Applicability for implementation of the development phase projects by the regional carbon sequestration partnerships","docAbstract":"Geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage verification tests by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) provided the experience base for the Public Outreach and Education for Carbon Storage Projects, a best practices manual, published in December 2009. This paper summarizes these outreach best practices; discusses their application in Aquistore, a greenfield CO2 storage project under way in western Canada; and reviews the implications for applying the best practices to new projects during the Development Phase of the DOE’s RCSP Program.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.639","issn":"18766102","usgsCitation":"Daly, D., Bradbury, J., Garrett, G., Greenberg, S., Myhre, R., Peterson, T., Tollefson, L., Wade, S., and Sacuta, N., 2011, Road-testing the outreach best practices manual: Applicability for implementation of the development phase projects by the regional carbon sequestration partnerships: Energy Procedia, v. 4, p. 6256-6262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.639.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6256","endPage":"6262","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.639","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadd0e4b0c8380cd86f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daly, D.","contributorId":14215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J.","contributorId":63227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrett, G.","contributorId":105145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenberg, S.","contributorId":79925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Myhre, R.","contributorId":30473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myhre","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, T.","contributorId":52419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tollefson, L.","contributorId":15853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollefson","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wade, S.","contributorId":26155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sacuta, N.","contributorId":84584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacuta","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70034361,"text":"70034361 - 2011 - Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:31:19","indexId":"70034361","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source","docAbstract":"The light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) oil pool in an aquifer that resulted from a pipeline spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, was analyzed for volatile hydrocarbons (VHCs) to determine if the composition of the oil remains constant over time. Oil samples were obtained from wells at five locations in the oil pool in an anaerobic part of the glacial outwash aquifer. Samples covering a 21-year period were analyzed for 25 VHCs. Compared to the composition of oil from the pipeline source, VHCs identified in oil from wells sampled in 2008 were 13 to 64% depleted. The magnitude of loss for the VHCs analyzed was toluene ≫ o-xylene, benzene, C6 and C10–12n-alkanes > C7–C9n-alkanes > m-xylene, cyclohexane, and 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene > 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and ethylbenzene. Other VHCs including p-xylene, 1,3,5- and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzenes, the tetramethylbenzenes, methyl- and ethyl-cyclohexane, and naphthalene were not depleted during the time of the study. Water–oil and air–water batch equilibration simulations indicate that volatilization and biodegradation is most important for the C6–C9n-alkanes and cyclohexanes; dissolution and biodegradation is important for most of the other hydrocarbons. Depletion of the hydrocarbons in the oil pool is controlled by: the lack of oxygen and nutrients, differing rates of recharge, and the spatial distribution of oil in the aquifer. The mass loss of these VHCs in the 5 wells is between 1.6 and 7.4% in 29 years or an average annual loss of 0.06–0.26%/year. The present study shows that the composition of LNAPL changes over time and that these changes are spatially variable. This highlights the importance of characterizing the temporal and spatial variabilities of the source term in solute-transport models.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.006","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M.J., Eganhouse, R., Bekins, B.A., and Delin, G.N., 2011, Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 140-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.0373,47.3762 ], [ -95.0373,47.6177 ], [ -94.6844,47.6177 ], [ -94.6844,47.3762 ], [ -95.0373,47.3762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49dee4b0c8380cd68956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delin, Geoffrey N. 0000-0001-7991-6158 delin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-6158","contributorId":2610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"Geoffrey","email":"delin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5063,"text":"Central Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034788,"text":"70034788 - 2011 - Isolation of Bartonella capreoli from elk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:34:56","indexId":"70034788","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3685,"text":"Veterinary Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation of Bartonella capreoli from elk","docAbstract":"The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of Bartonella infections in elk populations. We report the isolation of four Bartonella strains from 55 elk blood samples. Sequencing analysis demonstrated that all four strains belong to Bartonella capreoli, a bacterium that was originally described in the wild roe deer of Europe. Our finding first time demonstrated that B. capreoli has a wide geographic range, and that elk may be another host for this bacterium. Further investigations are needed to determine the impact of this bacterium on wildlife.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.09.022","issn":"03781135","usgsCitation":"Bai, Y., Cross, P.C., Malania, L., and Kosoy, M., 2011, Isolation of Bartonella capreoli from elk: Veterinary Microbiology, v. 148, no. 2-4, p. 329-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.09.022.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f4de4b0c8380cd64421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bai, Y.","contributorId":42784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malania, L.","contributorId":36389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malania","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kosoy, M.","contributorId":39612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosoy","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034786,"text":"70034786 - 2011 - Microbial consortia of gorgonian corals from the Aleutian islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T20:25:40.700547","indexId":"70034786","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial consortia of gorgonian corals from the Aleutian islands","docAbstract":"Gorgonians make up the majority of corals in the Aleutian archipelago and provide critical fish habitat in areas of economically important fisheries. The microbial ecology of the deep-sea gorgonian corals Paragorgea arborea, Plumarella superba, and Cryogorgia koolsae was examined with culture-based and 16S rRNA gene-based techniques. Six coral colonies (two per species) were collected. Samples from all corals were cultured, and clone libraries were constructed from P. superba and C. koolsae. Cultured bacteria were dominated by the Gammaproteobacteria, especially Vibrionaceae, with other phyla comprising <6% of the isolates. The clone libraries showed dramatically different bacterial communities between corals of the same species collected at different sites, with no clear pattern of conserved bacterial consortia. Two of the clone libraries (one from each coral species) were dominated by Tenericutes, with Alphaproteobacteria dominating the remaining sequences. The other libraries were more diverse and had a more even distribution of bacterial phyla, showing more similarity between genera than within coral species. Here we report the first microbiological characterization of P. arborea, P. superba, and C. koolsae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.01033.x","usgsCitation":"Gray, M., Stone, R.P., McLaughlin, M.R., and Kellogg, C.A., 2011, Microbial consortia of gorgonian corals from the Aleutian islands: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 76, no. 1, p. 109-120, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.01033.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-021472","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.01033.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.875,\n 57.20771009775018\n ],\n [\n -158.466796875,\n 58.69977573144006\n ],\n [\n -173.32031249999997,\n 53.98193516209167\n ],\n [\n -179.12109374999997,\n 52.10650519075632\n ],\n [\n -178.41796874999997,\n 50.819818262156545\n ],\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 54.13669645687002\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 57.20771009775018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5647e4b0c8380cd6d4a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Michael A.","contributorId":20135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Michael A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Robert P.","contributorId":190569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, Molly R. 0000-0001-6962-6392 mmclaughlin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-6392","contributorId":4089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Molly","email":"mmclaughlin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034734,"text":"70034734 - 2011 - The shakeout scenario: Meeting the needs for construction aggregates, asphalt, and concrete","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-30T12:18:55.523379","indexId":"70034734","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The shakeout scenario: Meeting the needs for construction aggregates, asphalt, and concrete","docAbstract":"An Mw 7.8 earthquake as described in the ShakeOut Scenario would cause significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. Over 6 million tons of newly mined aggregate would be used for emergency repairs and for reconstruction in the five years following the event. This aggregate would be applied mostly in the form of concrete for buildings and bridges, asphalt or concrete for pavement, and unbound gravel for applications such as base course that goes under highway pavement and backfilling for foundations and pipelines. There are over 450 aggregate, concrete, and asphalt plants in the affected area, some of which would be heavily damaged. Meeting the increased demand for construction materials would require readily available permitted reserves, functioning production facilities, a supply of cement and asphalt, a source of water, gas, and electricity, and a trained workforce. Prudent advance preparations would facilitate a timely emergency response and reconstruction following such an earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1193/1.3570679","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2011, The shakeout scenario: Meeting the needs for construction aggregates, asphalt, and concrete: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. 2, p. 505-520, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3570679.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"520","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb025e4b08c986b324c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034366,"text":"70034366 - 2011 - Mortality of Siberian polecats and black-footed ferrets released onto prairie dog colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T20:09:47.111367","indexId":"70034366","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality of Siberian polecats and black-footed ferrets released onto prairie dog colonies","docAbstract":"Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) likely were extirpated from the wild in 1985–1986, and their repatriation depends on captive breeding and reintroduction. Postrelease survival of animals can be affected by behavioral changes induced by captivity. We released neutered Siberian polecats (M. eversmanii), close relatives of ferrets, in 1989–1990 on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in Colorado and Wyoming initially to test rearing and reintroduction techniques. Captive-born polecats were reared in cages or cages plus outdoor pens, released from elevated cages or into burrows, and supplementally fed or not fed. We also translocated wild-born polecats from China in 1990 and released captive-born, cage-reared black-footed ferrets in 1991, the 1st such reintroduction of black-footed ferrets. We documented mortality for 55 of 92 radiotagged animals in these studies, mostly due to predation (46 cases). Coyotes (Canis latrans) killed 31 ferrets and polecats. Supplementally fed polecats survived longer than nonprovisioned polecats. With a model based on deaths per distance moved, survival was highest for wild-born polecats, followed by pen-experienced, then cage-reared groups. Indexes of abundance (from spotlight surveys) for several predators were correlated with mortality rates of polecats and ferrets due to those predators. Released black-footed ferrets had lower survival rates than their ancestral population in Wyoming, and lower survival than wild-born and translocated polecats, emphasizing the influence of captivity. Captive-born polecats lost body mass more rapidly postrelease than did captive-born ferrets. Differences in hunting efficiency and prey selection provide further evidence that these polecats and ferrets are not ecological equivalents in the strict sense.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/10-MAMM-S-115.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Biggins, E., Miller, B., Hanebury, L.R., and Powell, R.A., 2011, Mortality of Siberian polecats and black-footed ferrets released onto prairie dog colonies: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 4, p. 721-731, https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-115.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"731","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487180,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/10-mamm-s-115.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216950,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-115.1"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e75e4b0c8380cd70a62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, B.J.","contributorId":17173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanebury, Louis R.","contributorId":47544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanebury","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, R. A.","contributorId":41789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034732,"text":"70034732 - 2011 - Brittle and ductile friction and the physics of tectonic tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T16:43:55","indexId":"70034732","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brittle and ductile friction and the physics of tectonic tremor","docAbstract":"Observations of nonvolcanic tremor provide a unique window into the mechanisms of deformation and failure in the lower crust. At increasing depths, rock deformation gradually transitions from brittle, where earthquakes occur, to ductile, with tremor occurring in the transitional region. The physics of deformation in the transition region remain poorly constrained, limiting our basic understanding of tremor and its relation to earthquakes. We combine field and laboratory observations with a physical friction model comprised of brittle and ductile components, and use the model to provide constraints on the friction and stress state in the lower crust. A phase diagram is constructed that characterizes under what conditions all faulting behaviors occur, including earthquakes, tremor, silent transient slip, and steady sliding. Our results show that tremor occurs over a range of ductile and brittle frictional strengths, and advances our understanding of the physical conditions at which tremor and earthquakes take place.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2011GL046866","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Daub, E.G., Shelly, D.R., Guyer, R.A., and Johnson, P., 2011, Brittle and ductile friction and the physics of tectonic tremor: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 10, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046866.","productDescription":"L10301; 4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","ipdsId":"IP-024638","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046866"}],"volume":"38","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f284e4b0c8380cd4b202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daub, Eric G.","contributorId":199144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daub","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guyer, Robert A.","contributorId":199146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guyer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, P.A.","contributorId":91220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}