Calculations show that gravitational settling of ions in an isothermal sediment column could produce increases of equilibrium concentrations in pore waters ranging from 1 percent per 100 m depth for chloride to 4 percent per 100 m depth for strontium.
The migration of ions in a thermal gradient (Soret effect) would cause minor salt enrichment upward toward the colder pole, but the presence of cation-exchanging particles such as clays would reverse this tendency and cause pumping of salt downward. A model calculation using literature data for the thermal potentials suggests that about 5-percent enrichment in Cl per 100 m depth may occur under steady-state conditions.
These mechanisms do not explain the greater enrichments commonly found in subsurface brines, but may modify salt distributions due to other phenomena.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/5D25CA1B-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Mangelsdorf, P.C., Manheim, F., and Gieskes, J.M., 1970, Role of gravity, temperature gradients, and ion exchange media in the formation of fossil brines: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 54, no. 4, p. 617-626, https://doi.org/10.1306/5D25CA1B-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"626","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangelsdorf, P. C. Jr.","contributorId":301863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangelsdorf","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":45294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":862861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gieskes, J. M.","contributorId":24507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gieskes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210548,"text":"70210548 - 1970 - Environmental conditions and resources of southwestern Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T14:00:08.89592","indexId":"70210548","displayToPublicDate":"1970-02-01T13:38:43","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Environmental conditions and resources of southwestern Mississippi","docAbstract":"The impending phase-out of Saturn V testing by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Mississippi Test Facility (MTF) necessitates consideration of possible alternative uses for the Facility and surrounding region. To make a rapid and up-to-date study of pertinent environmental factors in that region, remote sensing techniques and data were used by discipline specialists in the U. S. Geological Survey, scientists in other Bureaus of the Department of the Interior and other agencies, and the Project Coordinator. Full cooperation was received from officials, planners, and business executives in Mississippi, as well as timely assistance from NASA Headquarters, the Manned Spacecraft Center/Houston, and the MTF staff.
Results from a multi-sensor equipped RB-57F high altitude overflight on February 17, 1970, and a simultaneous helicopter overflight were compared with existing photographs, maps, reports, and locally collected field data to complete this report rapidly as a Geographic Applications Project of the EROS Program, U. S. Department of the Interior. Pertinent background materials, including a comprehensive, annotated bibliography of existing studies of the area, are attached. This report considers 19 potential uses of the MTF equipment, staff, and property in relation to 16 environmental factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210548","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Environmental conditions and resources of southwestern Mississippi, Report: v, 58 p.; 3 Plates: 27.66 x 27.81 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210548.","productDescription":"Report: v, 58 p.; 3 Plates: 27.66 x 27.81 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401315,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210548/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70605.htm"},{"id":396809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210548/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401316,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210548/plate-1-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1-1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401317,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210548/plate-1-2.pdf","text":"Plate 1-2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401318,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210548/plate-1-3.pdf","text":"Plate 1-3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.68414306640625,\n 30.172437324514103\n ],\n [\n -89.32708740234375,\n 30.172437324514103\n ],\n [\n -89.32708740234375,\n 30.484183951487754\n ],\n [\n -89.68414306640625,\n 30.484183951487754\n ],\n [\n -89.68414306640625,\n 30.172437324514103\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":147999,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":837387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226537,"text":"70226537 - 1970 - Sedimentary volumes and their significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-23T13:57:58.895011","indexId":"70226537","displayToPublicDate":"1970-02-01T07:43:47","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary volumes and their significance","docAbstract":"Sedimentary volumes are of prime interest in many fields of geology: as measures of erosional rates, of geochemical balance, and recently, with the virtual demonstration of continental drift, as measures of movement of the continental and oceanic plates.
The Basement Map of the United States, published by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1968, provides a partial basis for an improved estimate of the volume of Phanerozoic rock in the center, minous United States. The map requires correction for this purpose, because all metamorphic rocks of whatever age have been classed as basement. We have, therefore, attempted to allow for the metamorphic rocks of Phanerozoic age. We have made estimates of volumes for areas not controlled by contours on this map and have used such offshore data as we have been able to assemble from the literature in order to extend our estimates to include offshore sediments reasonably attributable to erosion from the area of the contiguous United States.
Our results are as follows:
We consider this estimate to be within 10 percent of the true volume. Of it, we estimate about 3.2 ×106km3 to be volcanic rock, not representing erosion of pre-existing rock. The remaining 56.8 × 106km3, rounded to 57 × 106km3, we consider products of continental denudation.
This volume is so large, representing, as it does, only 5.3 percent of the continental surface of the earth and only a sixth of recognizable geologic time, that it appears to invalidate schemes of geochemical balance such as those of Clarke, Goldschmidt, and others. These students assume that the salt in the sea is a measure of the amount of some “average igneous rock” that has been eroded during the whole of geologic time to produce some “average sedimentary rock.” Instead, our result points strongly toward the hypothesis of Livingstone, Gregor, Earth, and others that the oceanic salt is merely the cyclic salt not yet returned to the continents in a continuing cycle.
Assuming that this volume was derived from erosion of the contiguous United States—an assumption that we recognize as invalid in detail, though not seriously in error—we obtain an ostensible average rate of Phanerozoic erosion of about 10 m/ m.y., about a sixth of the present rate. But inasmuch as present erosion is attacking a surface that exposes about 76 percent sedimentary rocks and only 24 percent igneous, most of its product is recycled rather than first-cycle sediment. An analysis of the broad features of the paleo-geography of the country indicates that a similar disproportion between first-cycle and recycled sediment has been characteristic of nearly all the Phanerozoic. The ostensible erosion rate is therefore spurious, and it is likely that the average erosion rate durin g the Phanerozoic was more than half that of the present, and perhaps was nearly or quite equal to it.
The great disparity in volumes of sediment offshore in the Atlantic and Pacific—in a ratio of more than 5 to 1—is consonant with expectations if the continent has been moving westward and over-riding the Pacific Basin on a Benioff fault system activated at the beginning of the Mesozoic, though now dormant.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[353:SVATS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gilluly, J., Reed, J.C., and Cady, W., 1970, Sedimentary volumes and their significance: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 2, p. 353-375, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[353:SVATS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"375","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.42187500000001,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -115.00488281250001,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -111.357421875,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -108.1494140625,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -106.69921875,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -105.29296874999999,\n 30.56226095049944\n ],\n [\n -104.765625,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -102.4365234375,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -101.513671875,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -99.228515625,\n 26.391869671769022\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 25.918526162075153\n ],\n [\n -97.42675781249999,\n 27.21555620902969\n ],\n [\n -96.1962890625,\n 28.420391085674304\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 29.954934549656144\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 25.20494115356912\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 26.745610382199022\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -75.8056640625,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -74.091796875,\n 40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n -69.78515625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -70.13671875,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -67.763671875,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -67.8076171875,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n -69.3896484375,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -71.54296874999999,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 45.120052841530544\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 48.19538740833338\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 48.19538740833338\n ],\n [\n -92.5048828125,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 48.63290858589535\n ],\n [\n -94.7900390625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 49.468124067331644\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 48.31242790407178\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 48.48748647988415\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 46.255846818480315\n ],\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -123.96972656249999,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -117.42187500000001,\n 32.509761735919426\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilluly, James","contributorId":51743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilluly","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, John C. Jr.","contributorId":223980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cady, Wallace M.","contributorId":146958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cady","given":"Wallace M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010066,"text":"70010066 - 1970 - Lunar troilite: Crystallography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T16:22:31.516877","indexId":"70010066","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar troilite: Crystallography","docAbstract":"Fine, euhedral crystals of troilite from lunar sample 10050 show a hexagonal habit consistent with the high-temperature NiAs-type structure. Complete three-dimensional counter intensity data have been measured and used to confirm and refine Bertaut's proposed low-temperature crystal structure.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.167.3918.621","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Evans, H.T., 1970, Lunar troilite: Crystallography: Science, v. 167, no. 3918, p. 621-623, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.167.3918.621.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"623","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"167","issue":"3918","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a9de4b0c8380cd68edf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, H. T. Jr.","contributorId":41859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70230516,"text":"70230516 - 1970 - Evaluation of streamflow-data program in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T14:43:48.737733","indexId":"70230516","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T15:07:32","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"FL 70-008","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Streamflow-Data Program in Florida","title":"Evaluation of streamflow-data program in Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70230516","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Geology, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Florida Department of Transportation, Florida Turstees of the Internal Improvement Trut Fund, Central and Southern Florida Flood Control DIstrict, Southwest Florida Water Management District, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, and other State, county, local, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Rabon, J., 1970, Evaluation of streamflow-data program in Florida: Open-File Report FL 70-008, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70230516.","productDescription":"81 p.","numberOfPages":"81","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science 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\"}}]}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Late in October 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the California Water Resources Control Board, obtained data on the dispersion of injected dye in a reach of the Sacramento River near Red Bluff, Calif. The study area was in the vicinity of the Red Bluff diversion dam, immediately downstream from the mouth of Red Bank Creek (fig. 1).
The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is presently constructing the Tehama-Colusa Canal. The canal will receive water from the reservoir behind the diversion dam and the first 3.5 miles of the canal will be used as an artificial spawning channel. As many as 60 million king salmon fingerlings a year are expected to hatch in the spawning channel. Sewage and industrial effluents enter the Sacramento River upstream from the headgates to the canal. The poorly dispersed and diluted effluents discharged into the river may have damaging effects on eggs and fingerlings in the artificial spawning channel.
According to a study made by David R. Minard of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (written commun., May 2, 1969), a 1 percent solution of the upstream industrial effluent from a low-grade papermill increased the growth of the bacterium Pseudomonas and caused 100-percent fatalities by suffocation among the salmon fingerlings.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70260859","usgsCitation":"Balding, G.O., 1970, Data on dye dispersion in a reach of the Sacramento River near Red Bluff, California: Open-File Report, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70260859.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70260859/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70260859/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Red Bluff","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.29471110143567,\n 40.21544877916756\n ],\n [\n -122.29471110143567,\n 40.13387956150936\n ],\n [\n -122.15850807790099,\n 40.13387956150936\n ],\n [\n -122.15850807790099,\n 40.21544877916756\n ],\n [\n -122.29471110143567,\n 40.21544877916756\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balding, Gary O.","contributorId":25210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balding","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":918308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70110383,"text":"wdrIN691 - 1970 - Water resources data for Indiana, 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T09:57:50","indexId":"wdrIN691","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T13:30:49","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-69-1","title":"Water resources data for Indiana, 1969","docAbstract":"Surface-water records for the 1969 water year for Indiana, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, are given in this report and their locations shown in figures 1 and 3. Records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States are also included.
\nWater resources data for the 1969 water year for Indiana include records of data for the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water. Records for a few pertinent water-quality stations in bordering States are also included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN691","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Department of Natural Resources; Indiana State Board of Health; Indiana State Highway Commission; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Water resources data for Indiana, 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-69-1, ix, 301 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN691.","productDescription":"ix, 301 p.","numberOfPages":"313","temporalStart":"1968-10-01","temporalEnd":"1969-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288281,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1969/in-69-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538052ece4b0826cd5016a72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168632,"text":"70168632 - 1970 - Geology and ground-water resources of Linn County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-22T17:06:26.745895","indexId":"70168632","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"10","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Linn County, Iowa","docAbstract":"Linn County, in east-central Iowa, covers about 713 square miles and lies in the Western Young Drift section of the Central Lowlands physiographic province. The normal annual rainfall in the county is about 88 inches and the annual mean temperature is about 48°F. The population in 1960 was 136,899, of which 75 percent was urban.
Ground water is a vital natural resource in Linn County-all municipal, farm-domestic, livestock, and most industrial supplies are obtained from this source. An estimated 24 mgd (million gallons per day) of ground water was used in the county in 1964.
The principal aquifers are alluvium, buried channel deposits, Silurian-Devonian limestones and dolomites, and the Jordan Sandstone. All yield fair-to-good quality water, although the water is hard and locally contains high concentrations of iron. All are capable of yielding as much as 500 gallons or more per minute to wells.
Alluvium has been developed for water supplies only at Cedar Rapids, where withdrawals in 1964 averaged 12 mgd for municipal supplies and 2.7 mgd for industrial supplies. The alluvial aquifer yields up to 2,000 gpm (gallons per minute) to wells in the Cedar Rapids well field. Similar yields from alluvium may be available along several reaches of the Cedar and Wapsipinicon Rivers. Smaller quantities are available from the alluvium of Prairie Creek. Alluvial aquifers are readily recharged by precipitation and induced infiltration.
Buried channel deposits occur in preglacial or interglacial valleys that were carved into the bedrock. These old valleys, whose trends roughly parallel the present Cedar River and Prairie Creek, contain water-bearing alluvial deposits that are covered by glacial drift. Data from a few wells tapping these deposits indicate that yields of up to 500 gpm of good-quality water are available from this source. The most favorable areas for development of water supplies are those areas where the channel deposits underlie and receive recharge from the alluvium of the Cedar River and Prairie Creek.
The Silurian-Devonian aquifer's county-wide occurrence, near-surface position, and ability to yield as much as several hundred gallons per minute of good-quality water makes it the most widely used aquifer in Linn County. During 1960-64, withdrawals averaged about 1.5 mgd for domestic-livestock use, about 0.6 mgd for small community use, and about 4 mgd for industrial-commercial use. Withdrawals are concentrated in the Cedar Rapids area, where 65 percent of the withdrawals from the aquifer occur. This concentrated pumpage has caused a progressive lowering of the aquifer's piezometric surface in downtown Cedar Rapids. During the past 70 years, water levels in wells in this locality have declined about 105 feet in the center of the cone of depression and about 26 feet about one mile from the cone's center. Water level in the center of the cone presently is declining at an average rate of 1 foot per year. Because the rate of decline in the same area was determined to have been 2 to 3 feet per year during the 1940's and 50's, the cone is believed to be stabilizing or pumpage is being reduced. The aquifer probably could withstand an additional 150 to 200 feet of piezometric lowering in the Cedar Rapids area, but individual wells would be adversely affected.
The Jordan aquifer, which underlies the entire county, is considered to be the most isotropic and homogeneous aquifer in Linn County. Yields of 1,000 gpm or more of fair-to-good quality water from this source are believed to be available anywhere in the county. The aquifer is not yet developed extensively; an average of about 2.4 mgd was pumped during 1964 for industrial and municipal use in the Cedar Rapids-Marion area.
The shallow bedrock and glacial drift aquifers yield only small quantities of good quality water. Their widespread extent and shallow depth, however, make them suitable for the development of small supplies for domestic and livestock use.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Hansen, R.E., 1970, Geology and ground-water resources of Linn County, Iowa: Water Supply Bulletin 10, 66 p.","productDescription":"66 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70168632.JPG"},{"id":318267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.iihr.uiowa.edu/igs/publications/uploads/WSB-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Linn","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.3649,42.2964],[-91.3651,42.2082],[-91.3653,42.1215],[-91.3661,42.0343],[-91.3669,41.948],[-91.3677,41.8603],[-91.4836,41.8608],[-91.5989,41.8612],[-91.716,41.862],[-91.8318,41.8617],[-91.8329,41.9485],[-91.8338,42.0366],[-91.8342,42.1242],[-91.8328,42.2087],[-91.8319,42.2987],[-91.7153,42.2971],[-91.5969,42.2959],[-91.4809,42.296],[-91.3649,42.2964]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Linn\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cc3fdce4b059daa47e45ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Robert E.","contributorId":167112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047686,"text":"70047686 - 1970 - Remote sensor application studies report, July 1, 1968 to June 30, 1969: Remote sensing reconnaissance, Mill creek area, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-05T13:34:30","indexId":"70047686","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T12:46:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Remote sensor application studies report, July 1, 1968 to June 30, 1969: Remote sensing reconnaissance, Mill creek area, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Remote Sensor Application Studies program, infrared images and several kinds of photographs were obtained on reconnaissance flights over two areas in the Arbuckle Mountains near Mill Creek, Oklahoma. These data were used in a preliminary investigation (1) to determine the diagnostic reflection and emission characteristics of various rock types, and (2) io evaluate the perturbing influence of atmospheric conditions, surface coatings, rock texture, and topography on the observed reflected and emitted energy in the thermal infrared (8-14μ) part of the spectrum","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70047686","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Offield, T., Watson, K., Cannon, P., and Watson, R.D., 1970, Remote sensor application studies report, July 1, 1968 to June 30, 1969: Remote sensing reconnaissance, Mill creek area, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047686.","productDescription":"46 p.","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047686.jpg"},{"id":278733,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047686/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.366333,34.153295 ], [ -97.366333,34.550115 ], [ -96.687927,34.550115 ], [ -96.687927,34.153295 ], [ -97.366333,34.153295 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52136e38e4b0b08f44619925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Offield, Terry W.","contributorId":64217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Offield","given":"Terry W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Kenneth","contributorId":91109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, P. J.","contributorId":83616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watson, R. D.","contributorId":96413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200883,"text":"wdrID692 - 1970 - Water resources data for Idaho, water year 1969; Part 2, Water quality records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T20:28:37.45199","indexId":"wdrID692","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T12:24:40","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"ID-69-2","title":"Water resources data for Idaho, water year 1969; Part 2, Water quality records","docAbstract":"Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey include the collection of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface- and ground-water supplies of the Nation. These data for the 1969 water year for the quality of surface waters in Idaho are presented in this report. Data for a few water quality stations in bordering States are also included. The data were collected by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of W. L. Burnham, district chief, Boise, Idaho.
Water-quality information is presented for chemical quality, water temperatures, and fluvial sediment. Chemical quality includes concentrations of individual dissolved constituents and certain properties or characteristics such as hardness, sodium adsorption ratio, specific conductance, and pH. Water temperature data represent once-daily observations except for stations where a continuous temperature recorder furnishes information from which daily maximums and minimums are obtained. Fluvial-sediment information is given for suspended-sediment discharges and concentrations and for particle size distribution of suspended sediment and bed material.
The Geological Survey, from 1941 through 1965, published an annual series of water-supply papers, \"Quality of Surface Waters of the United States,\" which contained the chemical-quality, temperature, and suspended-sediment data of the water. Each volume covered an area whose boundaries coincided with those of certain natural drainage areas. The records for Idaho are contained in Parts 9-14 of the water-supply paper series. These publications are available in most public libraries.
Beginning with the 1964 water year, water quality records for surface and ground water have been released by the Geological Survey on a state boundary basis. This report is primarily for local and immediate use, and its distribution is limited. These records will be published later in Geological Survey water-supply papers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrID692","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Idaho and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Water resources data for Idaho, water year 1969; Part 2, Water quality records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report ID-69-2, v, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrID692.","productDescription":"v, 83 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486443,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1969/id-69-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":486231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1969/id-69-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cc402ce4b059daa47e4827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128037,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":621057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70139638,"text":"70139638 - 1970 - Taunton River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T09:55:14","indexId":"70139638","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":367,"text":"Massachusetts Hydrologic - Data Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"12","title":"Taunton River basin","docAbstract":"The Taunton River, emptying into an arm of Narragansett Bay at Fall River, drains 528 square miles of interior southeastern Massachusetts. The Taunton River basin is separated from the basins of short streams draining to the coast by low divides on the east, south, and southwest. On the west and north, the basin is bordered by the Ten Mile, Charles, Neponset, and Weymouth River basins. Principal tributaries of the lower Taunton River are Segreganset, Threemile, Mill, Assonet, Nemasket, and Winnetuxet Rivers. The upper part of the basin is drained by the Canoe, Wading, and Rumford Rivers which empty into Mill and Threemile Rivers and by the Matfield and Town Rivers which unite to form the Taunton River.
\nThis report presents in tabular form selected records of wells, test wells, and borings collected during a study of the basin from 1966 to 1968 in cooperation with the Massachusetts Water Resources Commission, and during earlier studies. This report is released in order to make available to the public and to local, state, and federal agencies basic ground-water information that may aid in planning water-resources development. Basic records contained in this report will complement an interpretative report on the Taunton River basin to be released at a later date.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.3133/70139638","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Water Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.R., and Willey, R.E., 1970, Taunton River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Massachusetts Hydrologic - Data Report 12, Report: 102 p.; 2 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/70139638.","productDescription":"Report: 102 p.; 2 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Taunton River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.39465332031249,\n 41.65034063112266\n ],\n [\n -71.39465332031249,\n 42.132858175814626\n ],\n [\n -70.78216552734375,\n 42.132858175814626\n ],\n [\n -70.78216552734375,\n 41.65034063112266\n ],\n [\n -71.39465332031249,\n 41.65034063112266\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c67e4b08de9379b379f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John R.","contributorId":107260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willey, Richard E.","contributorId":30972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70161824,"text":"70161824 - 1970 - Retention of mercury by salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T15:12:25","indexId":"70161824","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retention of mercury by salmon","docAbstract":"In October 1966, the U.S. Geological Survey began a reconnaissance study of water quality in Flaming Gorge Reservoir. The purpose of this study was to determine the load of dissolved ions in the reservoir, the changes in chemical quality of the water as a result of initial leaching and subsequent storage, and the effect of the reservoir on the effluent waters. The construction of Flaming Gorge Dam began in 1957, and the reservoir began storing water in November 1962. This report tabulates the chemical-quality data which were collected during the study (1966-68) and summarizes some of the data available prior to closure of the reservoir. An interpretive report will be prepared at a later date. Three sets of data were collected from the reservoir during the study. The sampling locations are shown in figure 1 and the data are listed in tables 1 and 3. At each site in the reservoir, samples were collected at various depths from the surface to the bottom, using a self-closing messenger-actuated sampler. For sites 1-6, the sampling verticals were at the deepest part of the reservoir cross section. For sites 7-12, in the upper reaches of the reservoir, sampling verticals were at three points in the cross section. Samples for complete chemical analysis were collected from sites 1-6 at both the beginning (October 1966) and the end (September 1968) of the data-collection phase of the study. The variation in dissolved ions with depth for these two sets of data are summarized in figure 2. Samples for partial analysis were collected from sites 1 and 6-13 in September 1967, and the partial analyses are included in table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Madison, R.J., 1970, Water-quality data for the Flaming Gorge Reservoir area, Utah and Wyoming: Utah Basic-Data Release 20, iii, 33 p.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-390&Title=Basic+Data+Report+20"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Flaming Gorge Reservoir","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bf899de4b091459a5e088d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madison, R. J.","contributorId":84734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70190979,"text":"70190979 - 1970 - Compilation of basic data for water-supply exploration and development on the public domain under the soil and moisture conservation program, 1941-67","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T15:57:27","indexId":"70190979","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Compilation of basic data for water-supply exploration and development on the public domain under the soil and moisture conservation program, 1941-67","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70190979","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Dunagan, D., and Webster, D.A., 1970, Compilation of basic data for water-supply exploration and development on the public domain under the soil and moisture conservation program, 1941-67: Open-File Report, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70190979.","productDescription":"107 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345894,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c22cb6e4b091459a61b752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunagan, Derald","contributorId":117131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunagan","given":"Derald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webster, David A. dawebster@usgs.gov","contributorId":5942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"David","email":"dawebster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":710810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190907,"text":"70190907 - 1970 - Daily water-temperature records for Utah streams, 1944-68","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-17T10:26:14","indexId":"70190907","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5498,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Release","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"19","title":"Daily water-temperature records for Utah streams, 1944-68","docAbstract":"Temperature is an important and sometimes critical factor for many uses of water. Temperature affects the usefulness of the water for recreation, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial cooling, food processing, and manufacturing. Temperature also affects the ability of the water to accommodate biologic and vegetative types of life.
The purpose of this report is to summarize in tabular form the water- temperature data that have been collected by the U.S. Geological Survey on a daily basis for streams in Utah. A few stream sites near the boundaries of Utah in neighboring States have been included. These sites are on streams which either flow out of or into Utah, and they may provide information of value in studies dealing with water quality in the State.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Whitaker, G., 1970, Daily water-temperature records for Utah streams, 1944-68: Utah Basic-Data Release 19, iv, 119 p.","productDescription":"iv, 119 p.","numberOfPages":"122","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-370&Title=Basic+Data+Report+19"},{"id":345825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bf899de4b091459a5e0891","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitaker, G.L.","contributorId":36983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitaker","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010191,"text":"70010191 - 1970 - Television experiment for Mariner Mars 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-04T00:55:13.604029","indexId":"70010191","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Television experiment for Mariner Mars 1971","docAbstract":"The Television Experiment objectives are to provide imaging data which will complement previously gathered data and extend our knowledge of Mars. The two types of investigations will be fixed-feature (for mapping) and variable-feature (for surface and atmospheric changes). Two cameras with a factor-of-ten difference in resolution will be used on each spacecraft for medium- and high-resolution imagery. Mapping of 70% of the planet's surface will be provided by medium-resolution imagery. Spot coverage of about 5% of the surface will be possible with the high-resolution imagery.
The experiment's 5 Principal Investigators and 21 Co-Investigators are organized into a team. Scientific disciplines and technical task groups have been formed to provide the formulation of experiment requirements for mission planning and instrument development. It is expected that the team concept will continue through the operational and reporting phases of the Mariner Mars 1971 Project.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(70)90029-1","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Masursky, H., Batson, R., Borgeson, W., Carr, M., McCauley, J., Milton, D., Wildey, R., Wilhelms, D., Murray, B., Horowitz, N., Leighton, R., Sharp, R., Thompson, W., Briggs, G., Chandeysson, P., Shipley, E., Sagan, C., Pollack, J., Lederberg, J., Levinthal, E., Hartmann, W., McCord, T., Smith, B., Davies, M., De Vaucouleurs, G., and Leovy, C., 1970, Television experiment for Mariner Mars 1971: Icarus, v. 12, no. 1, p. 10-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(70)90029-1.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4a6e4b08c986b3204b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masursky, H.","contributorId":33823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batson, R.","contributorId":25690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borgeson, W.","contributorId":27999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borgeson","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, M.","contributorId":105845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCauley, J.","contributorId":99283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCauley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milton, D.","contributorId":47514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wildey, R.","contributorId":30351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilhelms, D.","contributorId":64380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Murray, B.","contributorId":90865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Horowitz, N.","contributorId":28358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Leighton, R.","contributorId":33838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sharp, R.","contributorId":58388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thompson, W.","contributorId":38274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Briggs, G.","contributorId":16567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Chandeysson, P.","contributorId":34647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandeysson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Shipley, E.","contributorId":51448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipley","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sagan, C.","contributorId":42336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sagan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Pollack, J.","contributorId":52319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollack","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Lederberg, J.","contributorId":98035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lederberg","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Levinthal, E.","contributorId":55147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levinthal","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Hartmann, W.","contributorId":35458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartmann","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"McCord, T.","contributorId":52320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Smith, B.","contributorId":53740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Davies, M.","contributorId":54726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"De Vaucouleurs, G.","contributorId":108243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Vaucouleurs","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Leovy, C.","contributorId":84071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leovy","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":5220822,"text":"5220822 - 1970 - Correction of bias in belt transect studies of immotile objects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-19T17:37:16.514433","indexId":"5220822","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correction of bias in belt transect studies of immotile objects","docAbstract":"Unless a correction is made, population estimates derived from a sample of belt transects will be biased if a fraction of, the individuals on the sample transects are not counted. An approach, useful for correcting this bias when sampling immotile populations using transects of a fixed width, is presented. The method assumes that a searcher's ability to find objects near the center of the transect is nearly perfect. The method utilizes a mathematical equation, estimated from the data, to represent the searcher's inability to find all objects at increasing distances from the center of the transect. An example of the analysis of data, formation of the equation, and application is presented using waterfowl nesting data collected in Colorado.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3799501","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., and Pospahala, R., 1970, Correction of bias in belt transect studies of immotile objects: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 34, no. 1, p. 141-146, https://doi.org/10.2307/3799501.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"146","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6848fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pospahala, R.S.","contributorId":74466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pospahala","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185791,"text":"70185791 - 1970 - An improved method for size distribution of stream bed gravel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-04T14:23:26","indexId":"70185791","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved method for size distribution of stream bed gravel","docAbstract":"Random sampling of surface rocks on a gravel bar is biased toward larger sizes which, because of their area, are more likely to be picked up. Weighting can eliminate this bias. Data on average weight of a single rock are used to change numbers of rocks to weights, thus yielding size frequency data in general agreement with a sieved and weighed sample. The question of what to sample depends on the use to which the data are to be put, and is not treated in detail in this paper.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR006i005p01357","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., 1970, An improved method for size distribution of stream bed gravel: Water Resources Research, v. 6, no. 5, p. 1357-1366, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR006i005p01357.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1357","endPage":"1366","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.483.6066","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc823e4b02ff32c68576a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217265,"text":"wdrMDDE671 - 1969 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1967, Part 1. Surface water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:17:50.85102","indexId":"wdrMDDE671","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-67-1","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1967, Part 1. Surface Water Records","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1967, Part 1. Surface water records","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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\"}}]}","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128037,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":808211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180006,"text":"70180006 - 1969 - Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T11:33:35","indexId":"70180006","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1969","docAbstract":"This report is the sixth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series are prepared cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Division of Water Resources and are designed to provide data to enable interested parties such as legislators, administrators, and planners to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions.
This report, like the others (see references, p. 12), contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawals, water-level changes, and related changes in precipitation and streamflow. It also contains supplementary data that are related to ground-water use in some areas. In reports of this series, the inclusion of such supplementary data as graphs showing chemical quality of water and maps showing water-table configuration is intended only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.
The report includes individual discussions of the most important areas of ground-water withdrawal in the State for the calendar year 1968. Water-level fluctuations, however, are described for the period spring 1968 to spring 1969. Many of the data used in the report were collected by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah","usgsCitation":"Baker, C., Bjorklund, L., Bolke, E., Mower, R.W., Herbert, L.R., Cordova, R., Butler, R., and Sandberg, G.W., 1969, Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1969: Cooperative Investigations Report 7, ix, 61 p.","productDescription":"ix, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"72","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-196"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58863a14e4b0cad700058b67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, C.H. Jr.","contributorId":67526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"C.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bjorklund, L.J.","contributorId":14035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjorklund","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mower, R. W.","contributorId":34898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mower","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cordova, R.M.","contributorId":77511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butler, R.G.","contributorId":60706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sandberg, G. W.","contributorId":55426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70178833,"text":"70178833 - 1969 - Summary of maximum discharges in Utah streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T21:58:02","indexId":"70178833","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Summary of maximum discharges in Utah streams","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to summarize the mass of data pertaining to high rates of streamflow which has been assembled in Utah over a period of many decades. The pertinent data are presented in tables 1-4 and are summarized by graphs in figures 3 and 4. These data have been collected by the U. S. Geological Survey, usually in cooperation with the State of Utah or with other local or Federal agencies. Some uses for streamflow data are cited, and a few of the conclusions which may be drawn from this report are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Whitaker, G., 1969, Summary of maximum discharges in Utah streams: Technical Publication 21, 42 p.","productDescription":"42 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331745,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-4-470"},{"id":331746,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w920008j.pdf"}],"country":"United 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