This report presents the results of an investigation of the ground-water resources of the upper Fremont River valley, Utah, which was carried out during the period July 1966-June 1967, by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights. The purpose of the investigation was to determine: the source, occurrence, availability, approximate quantity, movement, and chemical quality of ground water in the valley; the recharge to and discharge from the ground-water reservoir; the extent and effects of use and development on the ground-water resources; the relation of ground water to streamflow; and if and where additional studies are needed. The report is concerned primarily with ground water in the valley fill and adjacent volcanic rocks and secondarily with the general hydrology of the upper Fremont River valley drainage basin.
The field investigation was made mostly during the summer and fall of 1966. Data were collected for 63 wells and 16 springs in the valley. Records for wells and springs are given in table 4; drillers' logs of selected wells are given in table 5, and well locations are shown in figure 5. All the wells (except a few small-discharge wells) and all major springs were visited. The specific conductance of water was determined at most wells and springs; chemical analyses were made of water from selected wells and springs. Conductance data are included in table 4 and chemical analyses are given in table 6. The yield of water from wells and the water levels or artesian pressures were measured or estimated. Water-level measurements were made at monthly intervals 6 at 10 selected wells. Altitudes of the land surface at wells and springs were estimated from topographic maps or by hand leveling or determined by altimeter. Aerial photographs were used in the field to locate wells, boundaries of meadows or cultivated areas, edge of valley fill, and other features.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Bjorklund, L., 1969, Reconnaissance of the ground-water resources of the upper Fremont River valley, Wayne County, Utah: Technical Publication 22, 54 p.","productDescription":"54 p.","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-4-480"},{"id":331761,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w920008k.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Wayne County","otherGeospatial":"Upper Fremont River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.57714843749999,\n 38.85468129471517\n ],\n [\n -111.72546386718749,\n 38.865374851611634\n ],\n [\n -111.89849853515625,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -112.02209472656249,\n 38.543869175876154\n ],\n [\n -112.07977294921875,\n 38.17559185481662\n ],\n [\n -112.1209716796875,\n 37.972349871995256\n ],\n [\n -111.86279296875,\n 37.75551557687063\n ],\n [\n -111.4947509765625,\n 37.8813571797486\n ],\n [\n -111.2200927734375,\n 38.10214399750345\n ],\n [\n -111.21734619140625,\n 38.37396220263095\n ],\n [\n -111.39038085937499,\n 38.69622870885282\n ],\n [\n -111.48101806640625,\n 38.82473078093276\n ],\n [\n -111.57714843749999,\n 38.85468129471517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0efe4b077fc20250e56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjorklund, L.J.","contributorId":14035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjorklund","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038673,"text":"wdrCA6811 - 1969 - Water resources data for California, 1968; Part 1: Surface water records; Volume 1: Colorado River Basin, Southern Great Basin, and Pacific Slope Basins excluding Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-13T01:01:48","indexId":"wdrCA6811","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-04T09:44:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-68-1-1","title":"Water resources data for California, 1968; Part 1: Surface water records; Volume 1: Colorado River Basin, Southern Great Basin, and Pacific Slope Basins excluding Central Valley","docAbstract":"The surface-water records for the 1968 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites within California are given in this report. For convenience, also included are records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, under the direction of R. Stanley Lord, district chief, Menlo Park, Calif.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA6811","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Water resources data for California, 1968; Part 1: Surface water records; Volume 1: Colorado River Basin, Southern Great Basin, and Pacific Slope Basins excluding Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-68-1-1, 498 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA6811.","productDescription":"498 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":257485,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1968/ca-68/WDR-1968-vol1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc94fe4b08c986b32ccce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038404,"text":"wdrCA6812 - 1969 - Water Resources Data for California, 1968; Part 1: Surface Water Records; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-12T17:16:16","indexId":"wdrCA6812","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-13T15:08:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-68-1-2","title":"Water Resources Data for California, 1968; Part 1: Surface Water Records; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley","docAbstract":"The surface-water records for the 1968 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites within California are given in this report. For convenience, also included are records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, under the direction of R. Stanley Lord, district chief, Menlo Park, Calif.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA6812","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Water Resources Data for California, 1968; Part 1: Surface Water Records; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-68-1-2, xviii, 508 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA6812.","productDescription":"xviii, 508 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"1006","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":256927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":256922,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1968/ca-68/WDR-1968-vol2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Basin;Central Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc496e4b08c986b32b72c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038241,"text":"70038241 - 1969 - Hydrogeologic data for the southwestern coastal river basins, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-09T07:59:18","indexId":"70038241","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-22T14:06:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":108,"text":"Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"18","title":"Hydrogeologic data for the southwestern coastal river basins, Connecticut","docAbstract":"This report presents hydrologic and geologic data collected by the U.S.\nGeological Survey during an investigation of water resources in the southwestern\ncoastal river basins of Connecticut in cooperation with the Connecticut Water\nResources Commission. These basins occupy about 394 square miles in Connecticut\nand 46 square miles in New York, including the towns of Greenwich, Stamford,\nDarien, New Canaan, Norwalk, Wilton, Westport, Weston, Fairfield, Easton, and\nBridgeport and parts of Danbury, Ridgefield, Redding, Bethel, Newtown, Trumbull,\nMonroe, Shelton, and Stratford. A companion interpretive report evaluating the\nwater resources of the basins will be published as Connecticut Water Resources\nBulletin No. 17. The data on the following pages serve to document and supplement\nthat report and should be especially useful in planning the development of water\nresources at specific localities.\nData were collected as part of this investigation during the period July 1963\nthrough November 1966. Streamflow records from continuous-record gaging stations\nin the basins have been published annually along with data from other parts of\nthe State in a series of U.S. Geological Survey reports entitled \"Surface Water\nRecords of Connecticut.\" Water-level measurements in wells throughout the State\nfrom 1960 through 1966, including most of those made as part of this investigation,\nare published in Connecticut Water Resources Bulletins No. 7 and No. 13. Most\nother data collected during this investigation are tabulated on the following pages.\nIncluded are some well records and chemical analyses of water samples collected\nprior to July 1963 and not previously published.\nThe locations of sites at which data were collected are shown on plate A\nin the pocket at the back of the report. Data presented, unless otherwise noted,\nwere collected by U.S. Geological Survey personnel.","language":"English","publisher":"Connecticut Water Resources Commission","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Water Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.P., Ryder, R.B., and Thomas, C.E., 1969, Hydrogeologic data for the southwestern coastal river basins, Connecticut: Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 18, Report: 45 p.; 1 Plate: 23.67 x 22.80 inches.","productDescription":"Report: 45 p.; 1 Plate: 23.67 x 22.80 inches","numberOfPages":"49","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258803,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0018/plate-a.pdf","size":"3986","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0018/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":287014,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038241/report.pdf"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Coastal River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.75,40.933333 ], [ -73.75,41.383333 ], [ -73.116667,41.383333 ], [ -73.116667,40.933333 ], [ -73.75,40.933333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33b8e4b0c8380cd5f1ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Mendall P.","contributorId":104314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mendall","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Robert B. rryder@usgs.gov","contributorId":68294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert","email":"rryder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Chester E. Jr.","contributorId":37182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Chester","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006560,"text":"70006560 - 1969 - The influence of nitrogen on heterocyst production in blue-green algae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-18T11:24:30","indexId":"70006560","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of nitrogen on heterocyst production in blue-green algae","docAbstract":"A series of experiments on heterocyst production in Anabaena variabilis provides some strong indirect evidence for the role of heterocysts in nitrogen fixation. Of the algae tested (Anabaena variabilis, A. inaequalis, A. cylindrica, A. flos-aquae, Tolypothrix distorta, Gloeotrichia echinulata, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Oscillatoria sp., and Microcystis aeruginosa), only those with heterocysts grew in a nitrate-free medium. Growth in the nitrate-free medium was accompanied by an increase in heterocysts. Heterocyst formation in A. variabilis was evident 24 hr after transfer from a nitrate-containing to a nitrate-free medium. The number of heterocysts was altered by changes in the nitrogen source. Numbers were lowest when NH4-N was used as a nitrogen source and highest when nitrogen (N2-N) was derived from the atmosphere. Heterocyst numbers could also be regulated by controlling the concentration of NO3-N in the medium. Heterocyst production depended on the absence of combined nitrogen and the presence of phosphate. Data are presented on the occurrence of blue-green algae (with heterocysts) in Lake Erie and the environmental conditions apparently necessary for them to become dominant.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1969.14.3.0342","usgsCitation":"Ogawa, R.E., and Carr, J., 1969, The influence of nitrogen on heterocyst production in blue-green algae: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 14, no. 3, p. 342-351, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.3.0342.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"351","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480292,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.3.0342","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76ef3e4b0e93eb366eeb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogawa, Roann E.","contributorId":75872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogawa","given":"Roann","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, John F.","contributorId":67471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"John F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046326,"text":"wdrNM681 - 1969 - Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1968; Part 1. Surface water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T10:53:12","indexId":"wdrNM681","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NM-68-1","title":"Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1968; Part 1. Surface water records","docAbstract":"The surface-water records for the 1968 water year for gaging stations, partial record stations, and miscellaneous sites within the State of New Mexico are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U. S. Geological Survey, under the direction of W. E. Hale, District Chief, Water Resources Division. This report is the eighth in a series presenting, annually, basic data on surfacewater records by States. Through September 30, 1960, \"the records of discharge and stage of streams and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U. S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.!! Since 1951 there have been 20 volumes in the series; each volume covered an area whose boundaries coincided with those of certain natural drainage areas. The records in New Mexico were contained in Parts 7, 8, and 9 of that series. Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data have been released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Distribution of these basic-data reports is limited and primarily for local needs. The records will be published in Geological Survey water-supply papers at 5-year intervals. These 5-year water-supply papers will show daily discharge and will be compiled on the same geographical areas previously used for the annual series; however, some of the 14 parts of conterminous United States will be further subdivided.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Santa Fe, NM","doi":"10.3133/wdrNM681","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Mexico and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1968; Part 1. Surface water records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NM-68-1, 258 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNM681.","productDescription":"258 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274524,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1968/nm-68/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.052,31.3322 ], [ -109.052,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,31.3322 ], [ -109.052,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b300eae4b01368e589e420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70001729,"text":"70001729 - 1969 - Critical review of some multivariate procedures in the analysis of geochemical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:24:50.207031","indexId":"70001729","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critical review of some multivariate procedures in the analysis of geochemical data","docAbstract":"Simulation experiments have been conducted to examine the potential usefulness of R-mode and Q-mode factor methods in the analysis and interpretation of geochemical data. The R-mode factor analysis experiment consisted of constructing a factor model, using the model to generate a correlation matrix, and attempting to recover the model by R-mode techniques. The techniques were successful in determining the number of factors in the model, but the factor loadings could not be estimated even approximately on the basis of mathematical procedures alone. Q-mode factor methods were successful in recovering all of the properties of a model used to generate hypothetical chemicaldata on olivinesamples, but it was necessary to use a correction previously regarded as unimportant.
A systematic coverage of Nisqually Glacier by photographs taken from a network of stations on the ground was begun in 1942 to explore the value and limitations of such photographs as an aid in glacier study. Principles developed may be of value elsewhere, especially for the program 'Measurement of Glacier Variations on a World-Wide Basis' of the International Hydrological Decade.
\nNisqually Glacier in Mount Rainier National Park, Wash., covers 2.5 square miles (6.5 square kilometers) (1961) and extends from an altitude of about 14,300 feet (4,400 meters) near the top of Mount Rainier down to 4,700 feet (1,400 meters), in a horizontal distance of 4.1 miles (6.6 kilometers).
\nAnalyses were made of the annual photographs taken by the writer for 24 years from about 20 stations. A number of pictures taken sporadically from 1884 to 1941 by others were also available for use in the study. Where possible, the results obtained from photographs were compared with those from the available engineering surveys. Such detailed analysis of an extensive photographic coverage of a single glacier may be unique.
\nPhotographs illustrating the retreat and advance of the glacier's west ice margin in a reach extending for about a mile (1.6 kilometers) downstream from Wilson Glacier show that, by 1965, most of the ice thickness lost in that area between 1890 and 1944 had been recovered. Withering of the stagnant valley tongue down glacier from the nunatak is portrayed, as is its spectacular reactivation in the 1960's by a vigorous advance of fresh ice. Some of the visible characteristics of advancing and receding termini are noted.
\nAnnual values of the glacier's surface slope (5 to 10 degrees) at a cross profile were measured on photographs with respect to a projected vertical line identifiable in each picture. The results were found to average about 2 degrees less than those obtained from the 5-year topographic maps, but they are thought to be a little more accurate owing to lack of a sufficiently small contour interval on the maps for this special purpose.
\nYear-to-year variations in the surface slope and other characteristics from place to place along the glacier are portrayed by pictures to a degree not economically attainable by any other means.
\nAnnual changes in the glacier's thickness at two locations were determined from photographs and found to agree well with the results of stadia surveys.
\nA summary of conclusions reached in regard to other data or features of the glacier that were illustrated by annual photographs follows:
\n1. Toward the end of the ablation season, position of the annual snowline ranged between altitudes of about 5,800 and 7,300 feet (1,750 and 2,250 meters). The altitude limits within which firn was observed on the glacier were about 6,000 and 7,300 feet (1,850 and 2,250 meters).
\n2. Sources from which debris reaches the glacier are evident.
\n3. Medial moraines and other persistent patterns sometimes overlooked in the field are more noticeable in photographs. Ice-cored moraines and patterns of multiple lateral moraines are visible.
\n4. The extent, severity, and nature of crevassing in an area reflect the dynamic condition of the glacier at that location.
\n5. Erosion has caused certain bedrock areas or features on canyon walls to become unrecognizable within less than 15 years.
\n6. Effects of the 1932 and 1955 outburst floods on the stream channel and trees for a mile (1.6 kilometers) or so below the glacier are shown in comparison with ordinary, lesser floods. Visible effects include degradation, widening and changes in configuration of the channel, formation of small terraces, removal of vegetation from the flood plain, and the deposition of huge boulders on the stream banks and flood plain.
\nSome photographic procedures recommended for use in a program of this type are described in the section on \"Recommended Photographic Procedures.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington","doi":"10.3133/pp631","usgsCitation":"Veatch, F.M., 1969, Analysis of a 24-Year photographic record of Nisqually glacier, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 631, Report: iv, 52 p.; 1 Plate: 17.01 x 30.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp631.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 52 p.; 1 Plate: 17.01 x 30.38 inches","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp631.jpg"},{"id":33909,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0631/pdf/plate_1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33910,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0631/pdf/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":288143,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0631/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.833333,46.75 ], [ -121.833333,46.916667 ], [ -121.666667,46.916667 ], [ -121.666667,46.75 ], [ -121.833333,46.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680afe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veatch, Fred M.","contributorId":46517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veatch","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14474,"text":"ofr69137 - 1969 - Principal facts for gravity stations in Lemhi and Birch Creek Valleys, Lemhi County, Idaho gravity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:03","indexId":"ofr69137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-137","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in Lemhi and Birch Creek Valleys, Lemhi County, Idaho gravity data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr69137","usgsCitation":"Kinoshita, W.T., Davis, W.E., and Peterson, D.L., 1969, Principal facts for gravity stations in Lemhi and Birch Creek Valleys, Lemhi County, Idaho gravity data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-137, 2 p. ;29 x 39 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69137.","productDescription":"2 p. ;29 x 39 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0137/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinoshita, Willie Tomoni","contributorId":87148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinoshita","given":"Willie","email":"","middleInitial":"Tomoni","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, W. E.","contributorId":100844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Donald L.","contributorId":28597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":67264,"text":"i604 - 1969 - (LAC-11) Geologic map of the J. Herschel quadrangle of the moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T17:28:42.113157","indexId":"i604","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"604","subseriesTitle":"MOON","title":"(LAC-11) Geologic map of the J. Herschel quadrangle of the moon","docAbstract":"Lunar surface materials are classed into units on the basis of visual observations and data from telescopic and Lunar Orbiter photographs. Each unit has a distinctive range of physical characteristics, such as topography and albedo (reflectivity under full-Moon illumination), and is considered analogous to a terrestrial rock-stratigraphic formation. These characteristics rather than lithologic properties must, of necessity, suffice to define the units; however, the morphologic nature of most mappable units on the Moon, is, of itself, suggestive of a certain lithologic composition, based on analogous terranes on Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i604","usgsCitation":"Ulrich, G., 1969, (LAC-11) Geologic map of the J. Herschel quadrangle of the moon: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 604, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/i604.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":101415,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0604/plate-1.pdf","size":"8387","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":189026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4903e4b0b290850eecf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulrich, G. E.","contributorId":88737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55885,"text":"ofr695 - 1969 - Geophysical investigations in the Bi'r Idimah-Wadi Wassat area, Saudi Arabia, Part One","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-03T12:37:27","indexId":"ofr695","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-5","title":"Geophysical investigations in the Bi'r Idimah-Wadi Wassat area, Saudi Arabia, Part One","docAbstract":"A geophysical investigation was conducted over the northern part of a large gossan near Bi'r Idimah in the Asir quadrangle. The study was made primarily to determine the electromagnetic response of a deposit of massive sulphides found in exploratory drilling. Presumably the geophysical data could be used to trace the deposit and to locate the richest parts of the mineralized zone for additional test drilling. Field measurements were made by the authors during December 1965.
\nThe area is near latitude 18°20'N., longitude 44°20'E, about 20 Km south of Bi'r Idirah (Fig. 1). Most of the area lies in a wadi bounded by low hills that reach elevations near 1250 meters and rise as ranch as 50 meters above the wadi floor. The gossan is exposed in the wadi and near the crests of a few hills in the southern part of the surveyed area. It is underlain by andesite porphyry and greenstone intruded by granitic rocks, and appears to have been displaced laterally by faulting in the central part of the area. An inclined test hole north of the offset cut massive pyrite between depths 98 and 141 feet, 250 and 260 feet, and between depths 299 and 351 feet. This test and the character of the gossan suggest that the mineralized zone continues southward for a considerable distance.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr695","usgsCitation":"Allen, R.V., and Davis, W.E., 1969, Geophysical investigations in the Bi'r Idimah-Wadi Wassat area, Saudi Arabia, Part One: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-5, Report: 10 p.; 3 Figures: 20.00 x 40.09 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr695.","productDescription":"Report: 10 p.; 3 Figures: 20.00 x 40.09 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":88073,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0005/plate-1.pdf","text":"Figure 2","size":"367.01 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 2"},{"id":88074,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0005/plate-2.pdf","text":"Figure 3","size":"1.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 3"},{"id":88075,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0005/plate-3.pdf","text":"Figure 5","size":"611.69 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 5"},{"id":88076,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0005/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"826.02 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":182230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0005/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"200000","country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42.5,\n 17\n ],\n [\n 42.5,\n 19\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 19\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 17\n ],\n [\n 42.5,\n 17\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Saudi Arabia Investigation Report (IR) SA-53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, R. V.","contributorId":100862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, W. E.","contributorId":100844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15646,"text":"ofr69223 - 1969 - Geochemical data from the Nabesna A-3 quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T19:14:43.043422","indexId":"ofr69223","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-223","title":"Geochemical data from the Nabesna A-3 quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69223","usgsCitation":"Richter, D.H., and Matson, N.A., 1969, Geochemical data from the Nabesna A-3 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-223, Report: 6 p.; 1 Plate: 18.24 × 24.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69223.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; 1 Plate: 18.24 × 24.94 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":44611,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0223/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44612,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":106438,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8396.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8396"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nabesna A-3 quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.5,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -142,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -142,\n 62.250\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 62.250\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Donald H.","contributorId":61021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matson, Neal A. Jr.","contributorId":18779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"Neal","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56296,"text":"wdrNV681 - 1969 - Water resources data for Nevada, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:01","indexId":"wdrNV681","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NV-68-1","title":"Water resources data for Nevada, 1968","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrNV681","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Water resources data for Nevada, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NV-68-1, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNV681.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edeb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55886,"text":"ofr696 - 1969 - Geophysical investigations in the Bi'r Idimah-Wadi Wassat area, Saudi Arabia, Part Two","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-03T12:38:09","indexId":"ofr696","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-6","title":"Geophysical investigations in the Bi'r Idimah-Wadi Wassat area, Saudi Arabia, Part Two","docAbstract":"Geophysical studies were continued in the Bi'r Idimah-Wadi Wassat area during February 1965. Detailed electromagnetic measurements were made along selected traverses over the northern part of the gossan to supplement earlier dip-angle data; and reconnaissance surveys were made over the central and southern parts of the gossan. Gossan is exposed near the crests of prominent hills and is marked by a zone of alteration in the lowland. The geophysical exploratory work was done mostly in the lowland to determine the continuity of the gossan and to delineate associated deposits of massive sulphides.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr696","usgsCitation":"Allen, R.V., and Davis, W.E., 1969, Geophysical investigations in the Bi'r Idimah-Wadi Wassat area, Saudi Arabia, Part Two: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-6, Report: 14 p.; 6 Figures: 13.25 x 40.41 inches or less, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr696.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 6 Figures: 13.25 x 40.41 inches or less","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88077,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0006/plate-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","size":"392.61 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 1"},{"id":88078,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0006/plate-2.pdf","text":"Figure 3","size":"1.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 3"},{"id":88079,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0006/plate-3.pdf","text":"Figure 4","size":"685.23 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 4"},{"id":88080,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0006/plate-4.pdf","text":"Figure 5","size":"182.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 5"},{"id":88081,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0006/plate-5.pdf","text":"Figure 6","size":"536.01 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 6"},{"id":88082,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0006/plate-6.pdf","text":"Figure 7","size":"244.16 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 7"},{"id":88083,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0006/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42.5,\n 17\n ],\n [\n 42.5,\n 19\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 19\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 17\n ],\n [\n 42.5,\n 17\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Saudi Arabian Mineral Exploration - 54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, R. V.","contributorId":100862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, W. E.","contributorId":100844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2402,"text":"wsp1872 - 1969 - Hydrogeology of the Scioto River Valley near Piketon, south-central Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T22:50:51.030221","indexId":"wsp1872","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1872","title":"Hydrogeology of the Scioto River Valley near Piketon, south-central Ohio","docAbstract":"A systematic study was made of one of Ohio's principal aquifers, a sand and gravel outwash in the Scioto River Valley, to determine the feasibility of developing a ground-water supply of 20 million gallons per day at a site near Piketon. The first part of the study was spent in determining the thickness and physical properties of the sand and gravel aquifer and in drilling test wells to determine the best site for the supply wells. \r\n\r\nThe second part of the investigation was an aquifer infiltration test to determine the hydraulic properties of the aquifer and the conditions of stream recharge. A well 83 feet deep was drilled on the flood plain and was pumped for 9 days at the rate of 1,000 gallons per minute. Tile effect on the hydrologic system during and after the pumping was determined by measuring the water levels in an array of deep and shallow observation wells and in 8 drive-point wells installed in the bed of the river. Seldom have more comprehensive data been collected showing the effects of pumping on a natural, unconfined, hydrologic system. From these data were calculated the coefficient of transmissibility (215,000 gallons per day per foot) and the rate of streambed infiltration (0.235 million gallons per day per acre per foot). \r\n\r\nThe aquifer was tested near the end of a long drought; so the ground-water levels and the river stage were very nearly following a level trend. Because the ground-water levels were essentially unaffected by extraneous influences, the test data are probably as precise and uncomplicated as is practical to obtain in the field. These data proved to be valid for use as design criteria for the location, spacing, and construction of four supply wells. \r\n\r\nThe third part of the investigation was the testing and quantitative evaluation of the four supply wells before they were put into service. The wells were found to perform about as predicted, indicating that the hydraulic properties of the aquifer, as determined by standard methods, are fairly representative.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1872","usgsCitation":"Norris, S.E., and Fidler, R.E., 1969, Hydrogeology of the Scioto River Valley near Piketon, south-central Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1872, Report: vii, 70 p.; 4 Plates: 19.00 × 23.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1872.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 70 p.; 4 Plates: 19.00 × 23.25 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28394,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1872/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396215,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25092.htm"},{"id":28393,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1872/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28392,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1872/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28391,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1872/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28395,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1872/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1872/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Piketon","otherGeospatial":"Scioto River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.05,\n 39.054\n ],\n [\n -82.992,\n 39.054\n ],\n [\n -82.992,\n 39.108\n ],\n [\n -83.05,\n 39.108\n ],\n [\n -83.05,\n 39.054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64979d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Stanley Eugene","contributorId":24772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fidler, Richard E.","contributorId":86313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fidler","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2789,"text":"wsp1874 - 1969 - Water in the Kahuku area, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp1874","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1874","title":"Water in the Kahuku area, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The Kahuku area comprises the north end of the Koolau Range and its bordering coastal plain. This part of the range is less deeply eroded than oth3r parts, and except for long, narrow valleys and cliffs near the shore, it has retained the general shape of the original volcanic dome. A 21/2-mile-wide dike zone of parallel and subparallel dikes along the crest is the remnant of the fissure zone of eruption. Outcrops are mostly permeable lava flows of the Koolau Volcanic Series, which are intruded by dikes inside the dike zone and are free of dikes outside it. The lava flows constitute main aquifers, and water bodies in them are called dike water inside the dike zone and basal water outside it. \r\n\r\nDikes, because they are less permeable than the lava flows they intrude, impound ground water, thereby controlling its movement, discharge, and storage. The top of the dike-impounded water is at an altitude of at least 1,000 feet near the south end of the Kahuku area. Dike water is discharged as leakage, the amount of which fluctuates in response to changes in storage, as flow into streams, where they intersect saturated rock, and as underflow to the basal-water body. \r\n\r\nBasal water occurs on either side of the dike zone, which forms both a structural and hydrologic boundary. It is artesian on the windward side wherever it underlies the coastal plain, and the altitude of water levels ranges from 7 to 22 feet. Leeward of the dike zone, basal water occurs only under water-table conditions because of the near absence of a coastal plain, and the altitude of water levels ranges from less than 1 foot to about 3 feet. \r\n\r\nThe quality of dike water is excellent except near the north end. where it is slightly contaminated by infiltration of irrigation water that contains as much as 1,200 mg/1 (milligrams per liter) chloride. Irrigation water is also a source of contamination of the basal-water body. The major contaminant, however, is sea water, which underlies the basal-water body. In the Kahuku subarea--where pumpage from the basal-water body is greatest--sea-water contamination is a major concern. Natural contamination by encroaching sea water extends more than 2 miles inland in the Waimea-Kawela subarea and generally precludes development of large quantities of basal water. \r\n\r\nAt low altitudes where the perennial flow is small, all streams are intermittent except Kaluanui and Kamananui. Some streams are perennial in their upper reaches because of persistent rainfall, and some are perennial in their middle reaches owing to the discharge of dike water; however, most flows are small in the lower reaches because most of the flow has infiltrated into the ground-water reservoir. For these reasons, streamflow cannot be economically developed and is not a reliable source of water supply. Average rainfall is about 240 mgd (million gallons per day). Of this amount, about 220 mgd is in the mountains. On .the basis of a rainfall input of 220 mgd and estimates of stream runoff and evapotranspiration, ground-water flow is estimated to be 85 mgd, a figure which compares favorably with estimates based on analyses of pumping-test data. Of this amount, an average of 30 mgd is discharged by wells and the remaining 55 mgd is eventually discharged to the sea by underflow or to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration. \r\n\r\nThe most promising areas for developing basal water are in the Hauula and Laie subareas, where draft is low and ground-water flow is high. The Waimea-Kawela subarea is not promising owing 'to low ground-water flow even though draft is low. Least promising for development is in the Kahuku subarea where an overdeveloped condition prevails in which draft for sugarcane irrigation exceeds the ground-water flow. The development of dike water is promising in the Waimea-Kawela subarea where ground-water flow greatly exceeds the draft.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1874","usgsCitation":"Takasaki, K., and Valenciano, S., 1969, Water in the Kahuku area, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1874, v, 59 p. :illus., maps (1 fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1874.","productDescription":"v, 59 p. :illus., maps (1 fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1874/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29269,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1874/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29270,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1874/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f126f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takasaki, K. J.","contributorId":44523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takasaki","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valenciano, Santos","contributorId":54974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valenciano","given":"Santos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3643,"text":"cir598 - 1969 - Establishment of gold-quartz standard GQS-1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T13:03:56","indexId":"cir598","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"598","title":"Establishment of gold-quartz standard GQS-1","docAbstract":"A homogeneous gold-quartz standard, GQS-1, was prepared from a heterogeneous gold-bearing quartz by chemical treatment. The concentration of gold in GQS-1 was determined by both instrumental neutron activation analysis and radioisotope dilution analysis to be 2.61?0.10 parts per million. Analysis of 10 samples of the standard by both instrumental neutron activation analysis and radioisotope dilution analysis failed to reveal heterogeneity within the standard. The precision of the analytical methods, expressed as standard error, was approximately 0.1 part per million. The analytical data were also used to estimate the average size of gold particles. The chemical treatment apparently reduced the average diameter of the gold particles by at least an order of magnitude and increased the concentration of gold grains by a factor of at least 4,000.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir598","usgsCitation":"Millard, H., Marinenko, J., and McLane, J.E., 1969, Establishment of gold-quartz standard GQS-1: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 598, iii, 6 p. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir598.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30686,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1969/0598/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1969/0598/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Millard, Hugh T.","contributorId":89118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millard","given":"Hugh T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marinenko, John","contributorId":102861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinenko","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLane, John E.","contributorId":86316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLane","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38733,"text":"pp627B - 1969 - Effects of urban development on direct runoff to East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T19:29:23.002453","indexId":"pp627B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"627","chapter":"B","title":"Effects of urban development on direct runoff to East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"The study described in this report is concerned with the effects of intensive urban development on direct runoff to East Meadow Brook, a southward-flowing stream in central Nassau County, N.Y., during the period 1937-66. The specific objectives of the study were (a) to relate indices of urban development to increases in the volume of annual direct runoff to the stream; (b) to compare hydrograph features at different periods during the transition of the drainage basin from rural to urban conditions; and (c) to compare the rainfall-runoff relations for periods before and after urban development.
Periods of housing and street construction in the drainage basin correspond to three distinct periods of increased direct runoff after the base period 1937-43-namely, 1944-51, 1952-59, and 1960-62. During each period, the average annual direct runoff increased because of an increase in the area served by storm sewers that discharged into East Meadow Brook. The amount of land served by sewers increased from about 570 acres in 1943 to about 3,600 acres in 1962, or about 530 percent. During this same period, the average annual direct runoff increased from about 920 acre-feet per year to about 3,400 acre-feet per year, or about 270 percent.
The shape of direct-runoff unit hydrographs of East Meadow Brook also changed during the period of study. The average peak discharge of a 1-hour-duration unit hydrograph increased from 313 cubic feet per second, for storms in 1937-43, to 776 cubic feet per second, for storms in 1960-62, or about 2.5 times. In addition, the widths of the unit hydrographs for 1960-62 at values of 50 and 75 percent of the peak discharge were 38 and 28 percent, respectively, the comparable widths of the unit hydrographs for 1937-43.
An analysis of the rainfall-runoff relations for both preurban and urban conditions indicates that the direct runoff for both periods increased with the magnitude of the storm. However, the direct runoff during a period of urbanized conditions (1964- 66) was from 1.1 to 4.6 times greater than the corresponding runoff during the preurban period 1937-43, depending on the size of the individual storm.
The volume of direct runoff from the parts of the subarea equipped with storm sewers that discharged into East Meadow Brook is estimated to have been roughly 3,000 acre-feet per year in 1960-62, or about 20 percent of the precipitation on those parts of the area.
The increase in direct runoff probably represents a loss of ground-water recharge. However, because data changes in evapo-transpiration are insufficient and because the effects of recharge basins are unknown, adequate quantitative estimates of groundwater recharge can not be made.
On the basis of the present zoning regulations and on assumption that an additional 320 acres in the Hempstead subarea will be serviced by storm sewers that discharge into East Meadow Brook, direct runoff from the subarea is expected to increase in the future to an estimated 4,000-4,500 acre-feet per year.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and some effects of urbanization on Long Island, New York (Professional Paper 627)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp627B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Conservation, Division of Water Resources; the Nassau County Department of Public Works; the Suffolk County Board of Supervisors; and the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Seaburn, G., 1969, Effects of urban development on direct runoff to East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 627, Report: iii, 14 p.; 1 Plate: 25.54 x 35.52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp627B.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 14 p.; 1 Plate: 25.54 x 35.52 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484611,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4955.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65592,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0627b/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":340354,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0627b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0627b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.75,\n 40.65\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 40.65\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 40.8\n ],\n [\n -73.75,\n 40.8\n ],\n [\n -73.75,\n 40.65\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60feb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seaburn, G.E.","contributorId":42193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaburn","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47925,"text":"ofr7183 - 1969 - Water-quality and quantity data, East Fork Kaweah River basin, California, 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:03","indexId":"ofr7183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-83","title":"Water-quality and quantity data, East Fork Kaweah River basin, California, 1969","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr7183","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.W., 1969, Water-quality and quantity data, East Fork Kaweah River basin, California, 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-83, 29 p. : map ; 29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7183.","productDescription":"29 p. : map ; 29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Willard W.","contributorId":62193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Willard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55890,"text":"ofr6929 - 1969 - Extent and frequency of inundation on the Perkiomen Creek flood plain from Green Lane Reservoir to the Schuylkill River (near Oaks, Pennsylvania)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T11:06:18","indexId":"ofr6929","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-29","title":"Extent and frequency of inundation on the Perkiomen Creek flood plain from Green Lane Reservoir to the Schuylkill River (near Oaks, Pennsylvania)","docAbstract":"This is the fourth report on the extent and frequency of inundation prepared for the Delaware River Basin Commission. The first of these reports covered floods on the Delaware River in the vicinity of Easton, Pennsylvania and Phillipsburg, New Jersey. The second covered a reach of the Schuylkill River from Conshohocken to Philadelphia. The third was for the Delaware River in the vicinity of Belvidere, New Jersey. The first and third reports were written by George M. Farlekas of the Trenton district, and the second was written by Arthur T. Alter of the Harrisburg district. Specific information as to the areal extent and contents of these studies can be obtained from the Delaware River Basin Commission, P.O. Box 360, Trenton, New Jersey.
This flood inundation study is part of an investigative program financed through a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Delaware River Basin Commission. The report was prepared under the direction of Norman H. Beamer, District, Chief, U.S. Geological Survey, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
The streamflow data for Perkiomen Creek at Graterford were collected by the Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters from 1914 to 1931. Since 1931 the data have been collected under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Department of Forests and Waters. Data on high-water marks and areas inundated in past periods of flooding have been obtained from many local residents of Montgomery County. The Reading Company cooperated by allowing survey crews to work on their right-of-way. The author is grateful to Mr. John W. Buchanan for surveys, Mr. Lewis C. Shaw for illustrations and to Mrs. Joan C. King for typing.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6929","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Delaware River Basin Commission","usgsCitation":"Busch, W.F., 1969, Extent and frequency of inundation on the Perkiomen Creek flood plain from Green Lane Reservoir to the Schuylkill River (near Oaks, Pennsylvania): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-29, vii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6929.","productDescription":"vii, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0029/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Green Lane Reservoir, Perkiomen Creek flood plain, Schuylkill River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.48912048339844,\n 40.42917828232078\n ],\n [\n -75.50148010253906,\n 40.43440488077008\n ],\n [\n -75.53443908691405,\n 40.42708752919884\n ],\n [\n -75.55572509765625,\n 40.41611000901211\n ],\n [\n -75.56465148925781,\n 40.391011807973285\n ],\n [\n -75.55641174316406,\n 40.360672330668166\n ],\n [\n -75.52963256835938,\n 40.334506645085234\n ],\n [\n -75.50628662109375,\n 40.256996734279234\n ],\n [\n -75.49942016601562,\n 40.20300156544074\n ],\n [\n -75.49736022949219,\n 40.142139942215415\n ],\n [\n -75.4877471923828,\n 40.1095880747414\n ],\n [\n -75.46440124511717,\n 40.09803366543276\n ],\n [\n -75.43212890625,\n 40.108537754986166\n ],\n [\n -75.42045593261719,\n 40.150537893668925\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 40.18359473454382\n ],\n [\n -75.41976928710938,\n 40.22554847206815\n ],\n [\n -75.42388916015625,\n 40.280049508234804\n ],\n [\n -75.42800903320312,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -75.45204162597656,\n 40.37584377696013\n ],\n [\n -75.46989440917969,\n 40.406176423413704\n ],\n [\n -75.48912048339844,\n 40.42917828232078\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8ab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busch, William F.","contributorId":96959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4715,"text":"twri05C3 - 1969 - Optical method for determining particle sizes of coarse sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-17T19:02:50.284972","indexId":"twri05C3","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"05-C3","title":"Optical method for determining particle sizes of coarse sediment","docAbstract":"A particle-size analyzer was used to determine particle sizes of sediment by an optical technique based on an adjustable circle of light which determines the intermediate axis of the sediment particles shown on a photograph. Data from counting particles in various size ranges can be presented either in the form of a particle count or volumetric analysis. Comparison with standard methods of analysis of particles shows that the particle-size analyzer is well suited for measurements of material larger than 8 millimeters in intermediate diameter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri05C3","usgsCitation":"Ritter, J.R., and Helley, E.J., 1969, Optical method for determining particle sizes of coarse sediment: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 05-C3, vii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri05C3.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri05c3/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":483445,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri05c3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db69142f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritter, John R.","contributorId":75508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helley, Edward J.","contributorId":106463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helley","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47938,"text":"ofr71149 - 1969 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mukewater Creek, Colorado River basin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:54:18","indexId":"ofr71149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-149","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mukewater Creek, Colorado River basin, Texas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr71149","usgsCitation":"Hejl, H.R., 1969, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mukewater Creek, Colorado River basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-149, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71149.","productDescription":"84 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bbe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hejl, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":69555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hejl","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}