An aeromagnetic map covering 480 square miles was compiled for the Nixon Fork district, which is located approximately 35 miles northeast of McGrath, Alaska. The survey was flown in search of concealed intrusive rocks which may have produced contact metamorphic deposits in limestone similar to the known lode deposits which have been the principal source of gold in the district.
The exposed quartz monzonite stocks with which the lode deposits are associated produce negative magnetic anomalies. Slight to moderately strong positive anomalies correlate with granitic intrusives in contact with Upper Cretaceous rocks in the Iditarod-Nixon Fork fault zone. No significant mineral deposits have been found in conjunction with these granitic bodies.
Positive anomalies, delineating buried intrusives, occur near the east and west boundaries of the mapped area. The nature of the westernmost intrusive is unknown.
An area of possible economic interest lies between Limestone Mountain and Whirlwind-Canyon Creeks in the eastern sector of the mapped area. An elliptical positive anomaly is superimposed on an elongate, slightly negative anomaly. This negative anomaly may represent an intrusive similar to the quartz monzonite with which the lode deposits are affiliated. The positive anomaly may be a near-vertical mafic dike intruded to within 50 feet of the surface of a limestone ridge. Limestone in the vicinity of the dike may be a favorable area for prospecting for lode deposits similar to the known gold-producing deposits of the district.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr699","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L.A., Reed, B.L., and Johnson, G.R., 1969, Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-9, Report: ii, 6 p.; 1 Plate: 40.63 x 31.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr699.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 6 p.; 1 Plate: 40.63 x 31.55 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":424516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":424515,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nixon Fork district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.21098975436422,\n 64.39363688486736\n ],\n [\n -156.0545619009912,\n 64.39363688486736\n ],\n [\n -156.0545619009912,\n 64.40237470471484\n ],\n [\n -156.21098975436422,\n 64.40237470471484\n ],\n [\n -156.21098975436422,\n 64.39363688486736\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.14993847514128,\n 64.4117874414261\n ],\n [\n -158.14993847514128,\n 63.40759602117143\n ],\n [\n -150.94307945964977,\n 63.40759602117143\n ],\n [\n -150.94307945964977,\n 64.4117874414261\n ],\n [\n -158.14993847514128,\n 64.4117874414261\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c2e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Lennart A.","contributorId":106111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lennart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bruce L.","contributorId":19928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Gordon R.","contributorId":90725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":15646,"text":"ofr69223 - 1969 - Geochemical data from the Nabesna A-3 quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T19:14:43.043422","indexId":"ofr69223","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-223","title":"Geochemical data from the Nabesna A-3 quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69223","usgsCitation":"Richter, D.H., and Matson, N.A., 1969, Geochemical data from the Nabesna A-3 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-223, Report: 6 p.; 1 Plate: 18.24 × 24.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69223.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; 1 Plate: 18.24 × 24.94 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":44611,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0223/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44612,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":106438,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8396.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8396"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nabesna A-3 quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.5,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -142,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -142,\n 62.250\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 62.250\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Donald H.","contributorId":61021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matson, Neal A. Jr.","contributorId":18779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"Neal","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15644,"text":"ofr69224 - 1969 - Geochemical data from the Nabesna B-4 quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T21:27:30.115754","indexId":"ofr69224","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-224","title":"Geochemical data from the Nabesna B-4 quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69224","usgsCitation":"Richter, D.H., and Matson, N.A., 1969, Geochemical data from the Nabesna B-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-224, Report: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 18.26 × 24.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69224.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 18.26 × 24.67 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106439,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8397.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8397"},{"id":44608,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0224/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44607,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0224/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0224/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nabesna B-4 quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.5,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -143,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -143,\n 62.25\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 62.25\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 62.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Donald H.","contributorId":61021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matson, Neil A. Jr.","contributorId":62609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"Neil","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13486,"text":"ofr6987 - 1969 - Evaluation of core data, physical properties, and oil yield USBM/AEC Colorado Core Hole no. 3 (Bronco BR-1)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:37","indexId":"ofr6987","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-87","title":"Evaluation of core data, physical properties, and oil yield USBM/AEC Colorado Core Hole no. 3 (Bronco BR-1)","docAbstract":"USBM/AEC Colorado Core Hole No. 3 (Bronco BR-1) is located in the SW1/4SW1/4SW1/4 sec. 14, T. 1 N., R. 98 W., Rio Blanco County, Colorado. The collar is at a ground elevation of 6,356 feet. The hole was core drilled between depths of 964 and 3,325 feet with a total depth of 3,797 feet. The hole was drilled to investigate geologic, geophysical and hydrological conditions at a possible in situ oil-shale retorting experiment site. The drill hole passed through 1,157 feet of alluvium and the Evacuation Creek Member of the Green River Formation, 1,603 feet of the Parachute Creek Member and penetrated into the Garden Gulch Member of the Green River Formation. In-bole density log/oil yield ratio interpretation indicates that two oil-shale zones exist which yield more than 20 gallons of shale oil per ton of rock; an upper zone lying between 1,271 and 1,750 feet in depth and a lower zone lying between 1,900 and 2,964 feet. Halite (sodium chloride salt) is found between 2,140 and 2,185 feet and nahcolite (sodium bicarbonate salt) between 2,195 and 2,700 feet. Nahcolite was present at one time above 2,195 feet but has been subsequently dissolved out by ground water. The core can be divided into six structural units based upon degree of fracturing. A highly fractured interval is found between 1,646 and 1,899 feet, which coincides with the dissolution or leached nahcolite zone. Physical property tests made on core samples between 1,356 and 3,253 feet give average values of 11,988 psi for uniaxial compressive strength, 1.38 X 10[superscript]6[superscript] psi for static Young's modulus and 11,809 fps for compressional velocity.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr6987","usgsCitation":"Ege, J.R., Carroll, R.D., Way, R., and Magner, J.E., 1969, Evaluation of core data, physical properties, and oil yield USBM/AEC Colorado Core Hole no. 3 (Bronco BR-1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-87, 25 p. ill. (some folded, col.), map ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6987.","productDescription":"25 p. ill. (some folded, col.), map ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41955,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0087/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41956,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0087/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41960,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0087/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41961,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0087/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41962,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41957,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0087/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41958,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0087/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41959,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0087/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ege, John R.","contributorId":69534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ege","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carroll, R. D.","contributorId":53373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Way, R.J.","contributorId":17238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Way","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magner, J. E.","contributorId":87131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":15337,"text":"ofr69192 - 1969 - Geographic analysis of multiple sensor data from the NASA/USGS Earth Resources Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-25T12:59:36","indexId":"ofr69192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-192","title":"Geographic analysis of multiple sensor data from the NASA/USGS Earth Resources Program","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69192","usgsCitation":"Pascucci, R.F., North, G., Albrizio, R., and Shelkin, B., 1969, Geographic analysis of multiple sensor data from the NASA/USGS Earth Resources Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-192, 188 p. ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69192.","productDescription":"188 p. ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a95a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascucci, Richard F.","contributorId":33718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascucci","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North, G.W.","contributorId":97764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albrizio, R.A.","contributorId":107979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albrizio","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shelkin, B.D.","contributorId":66960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelkin","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":47955,"text":"ofr71201 - 1969 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Green Creek, Brazos River basin, Texas, 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T17:05:51.244123","indexId":"ofr71201","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-201","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Green Creek, Brazos River basin, Texas, 1969","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr71201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board and the Soil Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Massey, B., 1969, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Green Creek, Brazos River basin, Texas, 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-201, iv, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71201.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393374,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0201/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0201/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Green Creek","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Massey, B.C.","contributorId":102483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33708,"text":"b1279 - 1969 - Use of seismic intensity data to predict the effects of earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions in various geologic settings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:27","indexId":"b1279","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1279","title":"Use of seismic intensity data to predict the effects of earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions in various geologic settings","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1279","usgsCitation":"Barosh, P.J., 1969, Use of seismic intensity data to predict the effects of earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions in various geologic settings: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1279, 93 p. illus., maps. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1279.","productDescription":"93 p. illus., maps. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1279/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61593,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1279/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60440f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barosh, Patrick James","contributorId":42184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barosh","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47925,"text":"ofr7183 - 1969 - Water-quality and quantity data, East Fork Kaweah River basin, California, 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:03","indexId":"ofr7183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-83","title":"Water-quality and quantity data, East Fork Kaweah River basin, California, 1969","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr7183","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.W., 1969, Water-quality and quantity data, East Fork Kaweah River basin, California, 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-83, 29 p. : map ; 29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7183.","productDescription":"29 p. : map ; 29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Willard W.","contributorId":62193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Willard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47938,"text":"ofr71149 - 1969 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mukewater Creek, Colorado River basin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:54:18","indexId":"ofr71149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-149","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mukewater Creek, Colorado River basin, Texas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr71149","usgsCitation":"Hejl, H.R., 1969, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Mukewater Creek, Colorado River basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-149, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71149.","productDescription":"84 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bbe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hejl, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":69555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hejl","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38733,"text":"pp627B - 1969 - Effects of urban development on direct runoff to East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T19:29:23.002453","indexId":"pp627B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"627","chapter":"B","title":"Effects of urban development on direct runoff to East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"The study described in this report is concerned with the effects of intensive urban development on direct runoff to East Meadow Brook, a southward-flowing stream in central Nassau County, N.Y., during the period 1937-66. The specific objectives of the study were (a) to relate indices of urban development to increases in the volume of annual direct runoff to the stream; (b) to compare hydrograph features at different periods during the transition of the drainage basin from rural to urban conditions; and (c) to compare the rainfall-runoff relations for periods before and after urban development.
Periods of housing and street construction in the drainage basin correspond to three distinct periods of increased direct runoff after the base period 1937-43-namely, 1944-51, 1952-59, and 1960-62. During each period, the average annual direct runoff increased because of an increase in the area served by storm sewers that discharged into East Meadow Brook. The amount of land served by sewers increased from about 570 acres in 1943 to about 3,600 acres in 1962, or about 530 percent. During this same period, the average annual direct runoff increased from about 920 acre-feet per year to about 3,400 acre-feet per year, or about 270 percent.
The shape of direct-runoff unit hydrographs of East Meadow Brook also changed during the period of study. The average peak discharge of a 1-hour-duration unit hydrograph increased from 313 cubic feet per second, for storms in 1937-43, to 776 cubic feet per second, for storms in 1960-62, or about 2.5 times. In addition, the widths of the unit hydrographs for 1960-62 at values of 50 and 75 percent of the peak discharge were 38 and 28 percent, respectively, the comparable widths of the unit hydrographs for 1937-43.
An analysis of the rainfall-runoff relations for both preurban and urban conditions indicates that the direct runoff for both periods increased with the magnitude of the storm. However, the direct runoff during a period of urbanized conditions (1964- 66) was from 1.1 to 4.6 times greater than the corresponding runoff during the preurban period 1937-43, depending on the size of the individual storm.
The volume of direct runoff from the parts of the subarea equipped with storm sewers that discharged into East Meadow Brook is estimated to have been roughly 3,000 acre-feet per year in 1960-62, or about 20 percent of the precipitation on those parts of the area.
The increase in direct runoff probably represents a loss of ground-water recharge. However, because data changes in evapo-transpiration are insufficient and because the effects of recharge basins are unknown, adequate quantitative estimates of groundwater recharge can not be made.
On the basis of the present zoning regulations and on assumption that an additional 320 acres in the Hempstead subarea will be serviced by storm sewers that discharge into East Meadow Brook, direct runoff from the subarea is expected to increase in the future to an estimated 4,000-4,500 acre-feet per year.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and some effects of urbanization on Long Island, New York (Professional Paper 627)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp627B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Conservation, Division of Water Resources; the Nassau County Department of Public Works; the Suffolk County Board of Supervisors; and the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Seaburn, G., 1969, Effects of urban development on direct runoff to East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 627, Report: iii, 14 p.; 1 Plate: 25.54 x 35.52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp627B.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 14 p.; 1 Plate: 25.54 x 35.52 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484611,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4955.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65592,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0627b/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":340354,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0627b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0627b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.75,\n 40.65\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 40.65\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 40.8\n ],\n [\n -73.75,\n 40.8\n ],\n [\n -73.75,\n 40.65\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60feb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seaburn, G.E.","contributorId":42193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaburn","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38817,"text":"pp543I - 1969 - Tectonics of the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38817,"text":"pp543I - 1969 - Tectonics of the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake","indexId":"pp543I","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Tectonics of the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T18:18:07.763935","indexId":"pp543I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"543","chapter":"I","title":"Tectonics of the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake","docAbstract":"The March 27, 1964, earthquake was accomp anied by crustal deformation-including warping, horizontal distortion, and faulting-over probably more than 110,000 square miles of land and sea bottom in south-central Alaska. Regional uplift and subsidence occurred mainly in two nearly parallel elongate zones, together about 600 miles long and as much as 250 miles wide, that lie along the continental margin. From the earthquake epicenter in northern Prince William Sound, the deformation extends eastward 190 miles almost to long 142° and southwestward slightly more than 400 miles to about long 155°. It extends across the two zones from the chain of active volcanoes in the Aleutian Range and Wrangell Mountains probably to the Aleutian Trench axis.\n\nUplift that averages 6 feet over broad areas occurred mainly along the coast of the Gulf of Alaska, on the adjacent Continental Shelf, and probably on the continental slope. This uplift attained a measured maximum on land of 38 feet in a northwest-trending narrow belt less than 10 miles wide that is exposed on Montague Island in southwestern Prince William Sound. Two earthquake faults exposed on Montague Island are subsidiary northwest-dipping reverse faults along which the northwest blocks were relatively displaced a maximum of 26 feet, and both blocks were upthrown relative to sea level. From Montague Island, the faults and related belt of maximum uplift may extend southwestward on the Continental Shelf to the vicinity of the Kodiak group of islands. To the north and northwest of the zone of uplift, subsidence forms a broad asymmetrical downwarp centered over the Kodiak-Kenai-Chugach Mountains that averages 2½ feet and attains a measured maximum of 7½ feet along the southwest coast of the Kenai Peninsula. Maximum indicated uplift in the Alaska and Aleutian Ranges to the north of the zone of subsidence was l½ feet. Retriangulation over roughly 25,000 square miles of the deformed region in and around Prince William Sound shows that vertical movements there were accompanied by horizontal distortion, involving systematic shifts of about 64 feet in a relative seaward direction. Comparable horizontal movements are presumed to have affected those parts of the major zones of uplift and subsidence for which retriangulation data are unavailable.\n\nRegional vertical deformation generated a train of destructive long-period seismic sea waves in the Gulf of Alaska as well as unique atmospheric and ionospheric disturbances that were recorded at points far distant from Alaska. Warping resulted in permanent tilt of larger lake basins and temporary reductions in discharge of some major rivers. Uplift and subsidence relative to sea level caused profound modifications in shoreline morphology with attendant catastrophic effects on the nearshore biota and costly damage to coasta1 installations. Systematic horizontal movements of the land relative to bodies of confined or semiconfined water may have caused unexplained short-period waves—some of which were highly destructive—observed during or immediately after the earthquake at certain coastal localities and in Kenai Lake. Porosity increases, probably related to horizontal displacements in the zone of subsidence, were reflected in lowered well-water levels and in losses of surface water.\n\nThe primary fault, or zone of faults, along which the earthquake occurred is not exposed at the surface on land. Focal-mechanism studies, when considered in conjunction with the pattern of deformation and seismicity, suggest that it was a complex thrust fault (megathrust) dipping at a gentle angle beneath the continental margin from the vicinity of the Aleutian Trench. Movement on the megathrust was accompanied by subsidiary reverse faulting, and perhaps wrench faulting, within the upper plate. Aftershock distribution suggests movement on a segment of the megathrust, some 550–600 miles long and 110–180 miles wide, that underlies most of the major zone of uplift and the seaward part of the major zone of subsidence.\n\nAccording to the postulated model, the observed and inferred tectonic displacements that accompanied the earthquake resulted primarily from (1) relative seaward displacement and uplift of the seaward part of the block by movement along the dipping megathrust and subsidiary faults that break through the upper plate to the surface, and (2) simultaneous elastic horizontal extension and vertical attenuation (subsidence) of the crustal slab behind the upper plate. Slight uplift inland from the major zones of deformation presumably was related to elastic strain changes resulting from the overthrusting; however, the data are insufficient to permit conclusions regarding its cause.\n\nThe belt of seismic activity and major zones of tectonic deformation associated with the 1964 earthquake, to a large extent, lie between and parallel to the Aleutian Volcanic Arc and the Aleutian Trench, and are probably genetically related to the arc. Geologic data indicate that the earthquake-related tectonic movements were but the most recent pulse in an episode of deformation that probably began in late Pleistocene time and has continued intermittently to the present. Evidence for progressive coastal submergence in the deformed region for several centuries preceding the earthquake, in combin1ation with transverse horizontal shortening indicated by the retriangulation data, suggests pre-earthquake strain directed at a gentle angle downward beneath the arc. The duration of strain accumulation in the epicentral region, as interpreted from the time interval during which the coastal submergence occurred, probably is 930–1,360 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Regional effects (Professional Paper 543)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp543I","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., 1969, Tectonics of the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543, Report: viii, 74 p.; 2 Plates: 27.08 x 21.87 inches and 16.09 x 20.66 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp543I.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 74 p.; 2 Plates: 27.08 x 21.87 inches and 16.09 x 20.66 inches","numberOfPages":"88","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. Office-Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402614,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4593.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":277849,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0543i/index.html"},{"id":65741,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0543i/pp543i_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264156,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0543i/pp543i_plate2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264155,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0543i/pp543i_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0543i/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -141.2,51.8 ], [ -141.2,64.0 ], [ -174.1,64.0 ], [ -174.1,51.8 ], [ -141.2,51.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22347,"text":"ofr6911 - 1969 - Hydrogeologic data related to establishment of a pumping station in the Everglades National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T14:41:33.440513","indexId":"ofr6911","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-11","title":"Hydrogeologic data related to establishment of a pumping station in the Everglades National Park, Florida","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr6911","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hydrogeologic data related to establishment of a pumping station in the Everglades National Park, Florida; 1969; OFR; 69-11; Appel, C. A.; Klein, Howard","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1418,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0011/ofr-68001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.34452175282718,\n 25.92032487251747\n ],\n [\n -81.34452175282718,\n 25.107313769279898\n ],\n [\n -80.46704817507609,\n 25.107313769279898\n ],\n [\n -80.46704817507609,\n 25.92032487251747\n ],\n [\n -81.34452175282718,\n 25.92032487251747\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The rapid growth of suburban St. Louis presents problems in the social and economic development of flood plains within the area. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, is conducting a study of the hydrology of five major drainage basins within the area of responsibility of the Sewer District.
This interim report presents stage and inundation data along Gravois Creek and its tributaries for the historic flood of June 1957, and the flood of January 1969. These data can be useful in studies leading to the proper utilization of the basin to minimize future flood problems. Other useful hydrologic data such as flood discharges and frequencies are being gathered, but were not available for this report.
Spencer and Hauth (1969) described the flood situation in Maline Creek basin, St. Louis County, Mo. Areas covered by both reports are shown in figure 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69122","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hauth, L., and Spencer, D., 1969, Floods in Gravois Creek Basin, St. Louis County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-122, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 24.84 x 22.05 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69122.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 24.84 x 22.05 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494055,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0122/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":494054,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0122/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"St. Louis County","otherGeospatial":"Gravois Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.545006,36.336809],[-89.605668,36.342234],[-89.615841,36.336085],[-89.620255,36.323006],[-89.611819,36.309088],[-89.578492,36.288317],[-89.554289,36.277751],[-89.539487,36.277368],[-89.534507,36.261802],[-89.539229,36.248821],[-89.562206,36.250909],[-89.577544,36.242262],[-89.602374,36.238106],[-89.642182,36.249486],[-89.678046,36.248284],[-89.695235,36.252766],[-89.705328,36.239898],[-89.69263,36.224959],[-89.607004,36.171179],[-89.591605,36.144096],[-89.59307,36.129699],[-89.601936,36.11947],[-89.666598,36.095802],[-89.678821,36.084636],[-89.688577,36.029238],[-89.706932,36.000981],[-90.37789,35.995683],[-90.351732,36.025347],[-90.34909,36.040131],[-90.339343,36.047112],[-90.333261,36.067504],[-90.320746,36.071326],[-90.320662,36.087138],[-90.29991,36.098236],[-90.294492,36.112949],[-90.266256,36.120559],[-90.235585,36.139474],[-90.231386,36.147348],[-90.23537,36.159153],[-90.220425,36.184764],[-90.21128,36.183392],[-90.188189,36.20536],[-90.152497,36.215582],[-90.14224,36.227522],[-90.126366,36.229367],[-90.130114,36.240307],[-90.118219,36.253491],[-90.114922,36.265595],[-90.086471,36.271531],[-90.06398,36.303038],[-90.081961,36.322097],[-90.074074,36.342895],[-90.077695,36.348478],[-90.066297,36.3593],[-90.064514,36.382085],[-90.078671,36.399116],[-90.138512,36.413952],[-90.134231,36.422827],[-90.143743,36.424433],[-90.143798,36.428483],[-90.134136,36.436602],[-90.137323,36.455411],[-90.141101,36.461791],[-90.155804,36.463555],[-90.152888,36.47093],[-90.142222,36.470554],[-90.143683,36.476029],[-90.158838,36.479558],[-90.159305,36.492446],[-90.152481,36.497952],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.617975,37.722176],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.591933,39.155003],[-94.608834,39.160503],[-94.640035,39.153103],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.663835,39.179103],[-94.680336,39.184303],[-94.714137,39.170403],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.811663,39.206594],[-94.831679,39.215938],[-94.835056,39.220658],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.84632,39.268481],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.910017,39.352543],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.879281,39.37978],[-94.885026,39.389801],[-94.901823,39.392798],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.946293,39.405646],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-95.0375,39.463689],[-95.045716,39.472459],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.089515,39.581028],[-95.064519,39.577115],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.046361,39.599557],[-95.055152,39.621657],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.027644,39.665454],[-95.018318,39.672869],[-94.984149,39.67785],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-94.971206,39.729305],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.948726,39.745593],[-94.902612,39.724202],[-94.875643,39.730494],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.860743,39.763094],[-94.869644,39.772894],[-94.912293,39.759338],[-94.934262,39.773642],[-94.935206,39.78313],[-94.929654,39.788282],[-94.884084,39.794234],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.878677,39.826522],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.942567,39.856602],[-94.928466,39.876344],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.986975,39.89667],[-95.00844,39.900596],[-95.024389,39.891202],[-95.027931,39.871522],[-95.037767,39.865542],[-95.085003,39.861883],[-95.128166,39.874165],[-95.140601,39.881688],[-95.143802,39.901918],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.179453,39.900062],[-95.199347,39.902709],[-95.206326,39.912121],[-95.20069,39.928155],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.356876,40.031522],[-95.387195,40.02677],[-95.40726,40.033112],[-95.416824,40.043235],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.409856,40.07432],[-95.407591,40.09803],[-95.394216,40.108263],[-95.39284,40.115887],[-95.398667,40.126419],[-95.428749,40.135577],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.460746,40.169173],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.482757,40.197346],[-95.469718,40.227908],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.490333,40.248966],[-95.521925,40.24947],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.556325,40.267714],[-95.550966,40.285947],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.581787,40.29958],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.642262,40.306025],[-95.657328,40.310856],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.641027,40.366399],[-95.643934,40.386849],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.693133,40.469396],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.652262,40.538114],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.671754,40.562626],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.69505,40.533124],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.722444,40.528118],[-95.75711,40.52599],[-95.769281,40.536656],[-95.763366,40.550797],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.765645,40.585208],[-94.632035,40.571186],[-94.080463,40.572899],[-92.689854,40.589884],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-91.716769,40.59853],[-91.686357,40.580875],[-91.690804,40.559893],[-91.681714,40.553035],[-91.6219,40.542292],[-91.618028,40.53403],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.590817,40.492292],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.52509,40.457845],[-91.524053,40.448437],[-91.533623,40.43832],[-91.519935,40.433673],[-91.526555,40.419872],[-91.522333,40.409648],[-91.498093,40.401926],[-91.489816,40.404317],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.465116,40.385257],[-91.465009,40.376223],[-91.452458,40.375501],[-91.441243,40.386255],[-91.419422,40.378264],[-91.444833,40.36317],[-91.46214,40.342414],[-91.492727,40.278217],[-91.490524,40.259498],[-91.505828,40.238839],[-91.505495,40.195606],[-91.512974,40.181062],[-91.508224,40.157665],[-91.510322,40.127994],[-91.489606,40.057435],[-91.494878,40.036453],[-91.465315,39.983995],[-91.41936,39.927717],[-91.41988,39.916533],[-91.443513,39.893583],[-91.446922,39.883034],[-91.436051,39.84551],[-91.377971,39.811273],[-91.361571,39.787548],[-91.370009,39.732524],[-91.3453,39.709402],[-91.27614,39.665759],[-91.229317,39.620853],[-91.181936,39.602677],[-91.174651,39.593313],[-91.168419,39.564928],[-91.153628,39.548248],[-91.100307,39.538695],[-91.079769,39.507728],[-91.064305,39.494643],[-91.059439,39.46886],[-91.03827,39.448436],[-90.993789,39.422959],[-90.940766,39.403984],[-90.928745,39.387544],[-90.904862,39.379403],[-90.893777,39.367343],[-90.8475,39.345272],[-90.816851,39.320496],[-90.793461,39.309498],[-90.751599,39.265432],[-90.72996,39.255894],[-90.717113,39.213912],[-90.707902,39.15086],[-90.686051,39.117785],[-90.681086,39.10059],[-90.681994,39.090066],[-90.712541,39.057064],[-90.71158,39.046798],[-90.678193,38.991851],[-90.675949,38.96214],[-90.657254,38.92027],[-90.639917,38.908272],[-90.625122,38.888654],[-90.583388,38.86903],[-90.555693,38.870785],[-90.500117,38.910408],[-90.486974,38.925982],[-90.482419,38.94446],[-90.472122,38.958838],[-90.440078,38.967364],[-90.395816,38.960037],[-90.309454,38.92412],[-90.250248,38.919344],[-90.109407,38.843548],[-90.123107,38.798048],[-90.166409,38.772649],[-90.176309,38.754449],[-90.20991,38.72605],[-90.20921,38.70275],[-90.18641,38.67475],[-90.181325,38.660381],[-90.17801,38.63375],[-90.18451,38.611551],[-90.196011,38.594451],[-90.222112,38.576451],[-90.260314,38.528352],[-90.285215,38.443453],[-90.295316,38.426753],[-90.349743,38.377609],[-90.368219,38.340254],[-90.373929,38.281853],[-90.353902,38.213855],[-90.331554,38.18758],[-90.290765,38.170453],[-90.274928,38.157615],[-90.243116,38.112669],[-90.218708,38.094365],[-90.17222,38.069636],[-90.158533,38.074735],[-90.130788,38.062341],[-90.126612,38.043981],[-90.11052,38.026547],[-90.08826,38.015772],[-90.059367,38.015543],[-90.051357,38.003584],[-90.03241,37.995258],[-90.00011,37.964563],[-89.978919,37.962791],[-89.942099,37.970121],[-89.933797,37.959143],[-89.925085,37.960021],[-89.932467,37.947497],[-89.959646,37.940196],[-89.974918,37.926719],[-89.952499,37.883218],[-89.923185,37.870672],[-89.901832,37.869822],[-89.844786,37.905572],[-89.799333,37.881517],[-89.796087,37.859505],[-89.786369,37.851734],[-89.782035,37.855092],[-89.739873,37.84693],[-89.71748,37.825724],[-89.669644,37.799922],[-89.660227,37.781032],[-89.667993,37.759484],[-89.665546,37.752095],[-89.64953,37.745498],[-89.617278,37.74972],[-89.612478,37.740036],[-89.596566,37.732886],[-89.583316,37.713261],[-89.516685,37.692762],[-89.51204,37.680985],[-89.517718,37.641217],[-89.478399,37.598869],[-89.47603,37.590226],[-89.486062,37.580853],[-89.519808,37.582748],[-89.521925,37.560735],[-89.517051,37.537278],[-89.475525,37.471388],[-89.439769,37.4372],[-89.421054,37.387668],[-89.432836,37.347056],[-89.489005,37.333368],[-89.511842,37.310825],[-89.51834,37.285497],[-89.489915,37.251315],[-89.470525,37.253357],[-89.458827,37.248661],[-89.467631,37.2182],[-89.456105,37.18812],[-89.42558,37.138235],[-89.37871,37.094586],[-89.375712,37.080505],[-89.384681,37.048251],[-89.362397,37.030156],[-89.322982,37.01609],[-89.29213,36.992189],[-89.278628,36.98867],[-89.263527,37.00005],[-89.257608,37.015496],[-89.260003,37.023288],[-89.304752,37.047565],[-89.310819,37.057897],[-89.30829,37.068371],[-89.259936,37.064071],[-89.25493,37.072014],[-89.234053,37.037277],[-89.200793,37.016164],[-89.192097,36.979995],[-89.185491,36.973518],[-89.170008,36.970298],[-89.125069,36.983499],[-89.109498,36.976563],[-89.099594,36.964543],[-89.100762,36.944002],[-89.117567,36.887356],[-89.131944,36.857437],[-89.137969,36.847349],[-89.1704,36.841522],[-89.178888,36.831368],[-89.179229,36.812915],[-89.171069,36.798119],[-89.155891,36.789126],[-89.12353,36.785309],[-89.116563,36.767557],[-89.126134,36.751735],[-89.166888,36.759633],[-89.184523,36.753638],[-89.197808,36.739412],[-89.19948,36.716045],[-89.169522,36.688878],[-89.169467,36.674596],[-89.15908,36.666352],[-89.197654,36.628936],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.217447,36.576159],[-89.236542,36.566824],[-89.258318,36.564948],[-89.278935,36.577699],[-89.326731,36.632186],[-89.365548,36.625059],[-89.375453,36.615719],[-89.382762,36.583603],[-89.41977,36.493896],[-89.448468,36.46442],[-89.464153,36.457189],[-89.486215,36.46162],[-89.494248,36.475972],[-89.465888,36.529946],[-89.467761,36.546847],[-89.479093,36.568206],[-89.500076,36.576305],[-89.542459,36.580566],[-89.566817,36.564216],[-89.571241,36.547343],[-89.560344,36.525436],[-89.519501,36.475419],[-89.523427,36.456572],[-89.543406,36.43877],[-89.545255,36.427079],[-89.509722,36.373626],[-89.519,36.3486],[-89.545006,36.336809]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Missouri\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauth, L.D.","contributorId":48551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauth","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, D.W.","contributorId":105331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22666,"text":"ofr7059 - 1969 - Concepts for the design of streamflow data programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr7059","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-59","title":"Concepts for the design of streamflow data programs","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7059","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Carter, R.W., and Benson, M.A., 1969, Concepts for the design of streamflow data programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-59, 33 p :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7059.","productDescription":"33 p :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":112998,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0059/report.pdf","size":"1182","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0059/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6495f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, R. W.","contributorId":77125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, M. A.","contributorId":32510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24146,"text":"ofr70256 - 1969 - A proposed streamflow data program for Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr70256","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-256","title":"A proposed streamflow data program for Arkansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/ofr70256","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Patterson, J., 1969, A proposed streamflow data program for Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-256, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70256.","productDescription":"58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patterson, J.L.","contributorId":93523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21026,"text":"ofr69266 - 1969 - Gold anomalies and magnetometer profile data, Ester Dome area, Fairbanks district, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:54","indexId":"ofr69266","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-266","title":"Gold anomalies and magnetometer profile data, Ester Dome area, Fairbanks district, Alaska","docAbstract":"Gold analysis of grab and auger samples of bedrock taken along the new Ester Dome Road reveals that this road cuts several mineralized zones characterized by anomalous concentrations of gold. The results of a magnetometer traverse along this road indicate that the negative magnetic anomalies along the traverse may be correlative with the gold anomalies. The presence of previously unreported gold anomalies indicates that additional prospecting may be warranted.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr69266","usgsCitation":"Stevens, D.L., Forbes, R., and Hawkins, D.B., 1969, Gold anomalies and magnetometer profile data, Ester Dome area, Fairbanks district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-266, 43 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69266.","productDescription":"43 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0266/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50617,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0266/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50618,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0266/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db67420d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, D. L.","contributorId":59826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forbes, Robert B.","contributorId":48984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forbes","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawkins, D. B.","contributorId":43366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21672,"text":"ofr6967 - 1969 - Chemical quality of surface water in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T13:09:39","indexId":"ofr6967","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-67","title":"Chemical quality of surface water in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"In July 1967, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Douglas County, began a 2-year study of the chemical quality of surface water in the Umpqua River basin. The purpose of this report is to present an interpretive summary of the data collected, which will provide answers to the following questions:
\nWhat is the chemical quality of the water in the basin?
\nWhat areal and seasonal differences exist?
\nWhat causes the differences?
\nWhat chemical constituents, if any, are present in the water that would affect its usefulness for domestic, industrial, or agricultural purposes?
\nData are presented on maps, graphs, and charts. All data collected and analyzed during the study period, together with historical data on file with the Geological Survey, are included in tables 3 through 6 (p. 14, 19, 23, 24).
\nAll water samples were collected and analyzed by using standard U.S. Geological Survey methods (Rainwater and Thatcher, 1960) and \"Standard methods for examination of water and waste water\" (American Public Health Assoc. and others, 1965).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr6967","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Curtiss, D.A., 1969, Chemical quality of surface water in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-67, iii, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6967.","productDescription":"iii, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr6967.jpg"},{"id":324106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umpqua River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e331b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtiss, D. A.","contributorId":27862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtiss","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12939,"text":"ofr6936 - 1969 - Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12939,"text":"ofr6936 - 1969 - Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California","indexId":"ofr6936","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5758,"text":"pp882 - 1976 - Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California","indexId":"pp882","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":5758,"text":"pp882 - 1976 - Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California","indexId":"pp882","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T19:53:10.458712","indexId":"ofr6936","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-36","title":"Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California","docAbstract":"The Baldwin Hills are located in the northwest part of the densely populated Los Angeles basin. They comprise one of several groups of isolated hills that extend along the northwest-trending Newport-Inglewood zone of folds and faults, a structural lineament identified with a series of very productive oil fields. In addition to being the site of the Inglewood oil field, these hills are the site of surface deformation that has been monitored for over 35 years. This record of deformation, which includes differential subsidence, horizontal displacements, and surface rupturing, forms one of the best documented examples of oilfield-associated surface deformation yet recognized. The deformation is described in detail, analyzed as to cause(s), and finally attributed largely or essentially entirely to the exploitation of the spatially-associated Inglewood oil field.
The Baldwin Hills are underlain by gently to moderately arched and conspicuously faulted Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks that overlie crystalline basement rocks at a depth of more than 10,000 feet. The Inglewood fault, a part of the northwest-trending Newport-Inglewood zone, diagonally transects the hills. Right-lateral displacements of 3,000-4,000 feet since middle or late Pliocene time and 1,500-2,000 feet during Quaternary time are indicated by offset structural and physio-graphic features; indications of vertical separations of up to about 200 feet during late Quaternary time occur locally.
Evidence of continuing deformation includes recognized seismicity and regional elevation changes. The M5-5 1/2 Inglewood earthquake of 1920, the largest local earthquake of record, is believed to have originated immediately southeast of the Baldwin Hills; it was apparently unassociated with surficial fault displacements. Leveling in and around the west and central Los Angeles basin has shown that lowland stations have been consistently subsiding, whereas foothill stations commonly have been rising. Several seemingly persistent basins of differential subsidence and a zone of positive movement, roughly coincident with the Newport-Inglewood zone, have also been identified in the northwest part of the basin.
A prominent, elliptically-shaped, northwest-trending subsidence bowl encompassing the northwest part of the Baldwin Hills, has been defined by repeated level circuits. Partial reconstruction of selected level circuits with respect to a common, relatively stable control point (Hollywood E-11), located on the edge of the subsidence bowl, has permitted evaluation of the subsidence since 1910 and 1911 at two points near the center of the bowl. Thus bench mark PBM 67 is estimated to have subsided approximately 4.324 feet between June 1910 and February 1963; and bench mark PBM 68 (the only bench mark within the subsidence bowl that was leveled prior to 1926 and has been repeatedly leveled since) subsided 3.846 feet between November 1911 and June 1962. Analysis of the available data indicates little if any elevation change at PBM 68 (or elsewhere throughout the Baldwin Hills-Inglewood area) associated with the Inglewood earthquake of 1920. Maximum subsidence of PBM 122 (which has remained very close to the center of subsidence since at . least 1950) between 1911 and 1963 is calculated to have been 5.67 feet.
Horizontal displacements (with respect to a north-south base line about 3 miles east of the hills) of six triangulation points within the subsidence bowl have been measured for various periods between 1934 and 1963. Displacements have been generally toward the center of subsidence and almost precisely perpendicular to the immediately adjacent isobases of equal elevation change. Maximum movement has been recorded at triangulation point Baldwin Aux, which was displaced 2.21 feet between 1934 and 1961; horizontal displacements of three additional points ranged from 0.95 foot to 1.85 feet between 1936 and 1961. Displacements of 0.10-0.29 foot were recorded at all six monuments during the period 1961-1963.
\"Earth cracks\" and surficial fault displacements were recognized in the Baldwin Hills at least as early as 1957. The cracks are relatively straight, generally continuous fractures confined to the structural block east of the Inglewood fault; they are concentrated in two areas centering on (1) the Baldwin Hills Reservoir and (2) the Stocker Street-LaBrea Avenue-Overhill Drive intersection. The cracks trend north to north-northeast and are nearly everywhere parallel to or coincident with minor faults and joints, and are generally orthogonal to radii emanating from the center of subsidence. Differential movement along the cracks has been almost entirely dip slip along steep to nearly vertical surfaces, and generally down-dropped toward the center of subsidence. Cumulative displacements have been as much as 6 or 7 inches. Rates of displacement have ranged widely, and the movement has generally occurred as creep or very small discrete jumps. A probable exception is the several inches of differential movement that is believed to have occurred along a crack through the floor of the Baldwin Hills Reservoir on or about December 14, 1963.
The contemporary surface movements are attributable to one or more of the following phenomena: (1). exploitation of the Inglewood oil field; (2) changes in the ground-water regimen; (3) compaction of sedimentary materials in response to surface loading; (4) tectonic activity.
The following considerations indicate that the differential subsidence is attributable largely or entirely to exploitation of the underlying Inglewood oil field: (1) the coincidence of the centers of the oil field, the producing structure, and the subsidence bowl; (2) the general correspondence between the pattern of subsidence and the outlines of the oil field; (3) the approximate coincidence between the initiation of production and the initiation of subsidence; (4) the generally linear relations between various measures of subsidence and liquid production from both the field as a whole and the exceptionally prolific Vickers zone in particular; (5) the sharp deceleration of subsidence in the eastern block of the field coincident with the initiation of full-scale water flooding there; (6) the many examples of oil fields In which both spatial and temporal associations between production and subsidence are recognized; (7) the many similarities of the subsidence-production relations in the Inglewood field to those in the Wilmington field, where the subsidence has been authoritatively attributed to oilfield operations; (8) the theoretical relation between subsidence or a tendency toward subsidence and increased effective pressure associated with underground fluid extraction.
Consideration of six possible explanations for the increasing rather than decreasing or constant rate of subsidence with respect to reservoir fluid pressure decline suggests that measured or calculated down-hole reservoir fluid pressure decline is non-representative of average or real fluid pressure decline away from producing wells. The near-linear relations between net-liquid production and subsidence are explained through analogy with a tightly confined artesian system of infinite areal extent, where production must derive from liquid expansion and/or reservoir compaction. Test data from compaction studies in two other oil fields yield estimates of ultimate compaction of the Vickers zone resulting from a total loss of fluid pressure; these estimates range over an order of magnitude. The best estimate, based on these data and considerations of late Cenozoic history in the Baldwin Hills area, is about 10 feet.
The centripetally-directed horizontal movements are considered attributable to exploitation of the Inglewood oil field on the basis of:
(1) their well-defined symmetrical and geometrical association with the differential subsidence; (2) the similarities between these associations and those developed in and around other subsiding oil fields; and (3) the mechanical compatibility of these movements with subsidence induced by the extraction of subsurface materials.
The earth cracks and surficial fault displacements are considered largely or entirely attributable to the exploitation of the Inglewood oil field on the basis of: (1) their spatial and temporal relations to both oil-field operations and the differential subsidence; (2) the similarities of these cracks and displacements to those generated in and around other oil fields and areas of subsurface materials extraction; and (3) surface strain patterns predicted from the measured vertical and horizontal surface movements. The cracks and displacements can i)e explained by an exploitation-based, elastic-rebound model which requires elastic compression of the sedimentary section in response to compaction-induced downdrag within those blocks around the periphery of the subsidence bowl. The measured displacements have been about one-quarter to one-half those predicted for a purely elastic system.
Analysis of: (1) the history of ground-water extraction within and around the Baldwin Hills; and (2) subsidence associated with water-level declines in sediments comparable with those in the Baldwin Hills, indicate that the surface movements can be no more than incidentally attributed to changes in ground-water conditions. Similarly, analysis of the history of natural and artificial changes in surface loading indicate that these movements are generally unassociated with changes in surface loading conditions.
Considerations of local geologic history and various tectonic associations indicate that it is very unlikely that the differential subsidence and horizontal movements are due to tectonic downwarping. There exists a far stronger prima facie argument for tectonic involvement in the earth cracking and associated fault displacements. This argument is disputed by; (1) the spatial and temporal relations of the earth cracks to, and their mechanical compatibility with, the nontectonic differential subsidence; (2) the absence of displacements on the Inglewood fault in conjunction with those along the conjugate earth cracks; (3) the probability that purely tectonic displaceMents would be characterized by oblique or strike slip; and (4) the absence of any clear temporal relation between crack growth and local seismicity, However, because as much as 10 percent of the local isobase gradient may be unexplained' by oil-field exploitation, a small fraction of this gradient, and thus the displacements among the southern group of cracks, may be attributable to tectonic activity. This fraction should have been insignificant in the presence of the strain pattern produced by nontectonic compaction of the underlying oil measures.
Because nearly all of the observed and measured surface movements can be fully explained as the products of oil-field operations, yet can be no more than incidentally attributed to changes in ground-water conditions, surface loading, or tectonic activity, we conclude that these movements are attributable largely or essentially entirely to the exploitation of the Inglewood oil field.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6936","usgsCitation":"Castle, R.O., and Yerkes, R.F., 1969, Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-36, xviii, 185 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6936.","productDescription":"xviii, 185 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429278,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0036/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","otherGeospatial":"Baldwin Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.38187677397389,\n 34.0348739886972\n ],\n [\n -118.38187677397389,\n 33.97553856602411\n ],\n [\n -118.30144514525205,\n 33.97553856602411\n ],\n [\n -118.30144514525205,\n 34.0348739886972\n ],\n [\n -118.38187677397389,\n 34.0348739886972\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castle, Robert O.","contributorId":22741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yerkes, R. F.","contributorId":24754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112278,"text":"70112278 - 1969 - Surveying the earth's resources from space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:59:57","indexId":"70112278","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T11:51:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3516,"text":"TRW Space Log","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surveying the earth's resources from space","docAbstract":"During the past 4 years, scientists of the Geological Survey, in cooperation with NASA, have been investigating the feasibility and practicality of using remote-sensor data collected during conventional aircraft flights. This work is aimed at developing techniques for gathering facts about the earth's natural resources from satellites carrying sophisticated remote-sensing instruments. These experiments have vividly demonstrated our ability to study and assess natural resources from remotely-sensored data. Discussion of a few of these experiments will illustrate this point.
","language":"English","publisher":"TRW Systems Group","publisherLocation":"Redondo Beach, CA","usgsCitation":"Pecora, W.T., 1969, Surveying the earth's resources from space: TRW Space Log, v. 9, no. 1, p. 2-15.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc58e4b0e83db6d0901f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pecora, William T.","contributorId":45167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pecora","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112277,"text":"70112277 - 1969 - Satellite imagery of the earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:59:26","indexId":"70112277","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T11:48:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3051,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite imagery of the earth","docAbstract":"Photography of the Earth from spacecraft has application to both atmospheric and Earth sciences. Gemini and Apollo photographs have furnished information on sea surface roughness, areas of potential upwelling and oceanic current systems. Regional geologic structures and geomorphologic features are also recorded in orbital photographs. Infrared satellite imagery provides meteorological and hydrological data and is potentially useful for locating fresh water springs along coastal areas, sources of geothermal power and volcanic activity. Ground and airborne surveys are being undertaken to create a basis for the interpretation of data obtained from future satellite systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Merifield, P., Cronin, J., Foshee, L., Gawarecki, S., Neal, J., Stevenson, R.E., Stone, R., and Williams, R., 1969, Satellite imagery of the earth: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 35, no. 7, p. 654-668.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"668","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288478,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/Photogrammetric-Engineering-and-Remote-Sensing/PE-RS-Archive-Search-2009-and-earlier.html"}],"volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc14e4b0e83db6d08fdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merifield, P.M.","contributorId":69557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merifield","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, J.","contributorId":51655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foshee, L.L.","contributorId":94591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foshee","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gawarecki, S.J.","contributorId":103297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawarecki","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neal, J.T.","contributorId":39550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stevenson, R. E.","contributorId":57772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevenson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stone, R.O.","contributorId":25467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70112275,"text":"70112275 - 1969 - The geographic applications program of the U. S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:58:42","indexId":"70112275","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T11:43:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3051,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geographic applications program of the U. S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The fundamental objective of modern Geography is to improve man's level of living through a better understanding of man-environment inter actions. Related goals of the USGS program for applications of remote sensor data to Geographical research are: (1) the analysis and improvement of land use, with special emphasis on urban problems; and (2) more effective use of the total available energy budget, including insolation, mineral fuels, atomic energy, human resources, and mental energy, all of which are integrated into man-environment interactions. The collection of data through remote sensors in air craft and spacecraft is financed largely by funds from NASA, and is part of the much broader EROS Program of the Department of the Interior. Results to date have achieved much toward the identification of remote sensor signatures for Earth features and human activities, and toward evaluation of instruments for collecting essential information.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, A.C., 1969, The geographic applications program of the U. S. Geological Survey: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 35, no. 1, p. 58-60.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc58e4b0e83db6d0902b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, Arch C.","contributorId":78249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"Arch","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164336,"text":"70164336 - 1969 - Finney County Basic Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T13:21:44","indexId":"70164336","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Finney County Basic Data","docAbstract":"This open-file report contains basic data on measurements and chemical analyses of ground water, logs of test holes, and summary information on selected logs for Finney County, Kans.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lawerence, KS","doi":"10.3133/70164336","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State Geological Survey of Kansas, Kansas State Board of Agriculture, and Kansas State Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Meyer, W., Gutentag, E., and Lobmeyer, D., 1969, Finney County Basic Data: Open-File Report, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70164336.","productDescription":"147 p.","numberOfPages":"147","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70164336.jpg"},{"id":318656,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70164336/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Finney County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.6845,38.2627],[-100.2447,38.2606],[-100.2265,38.2609],[-100.2269,38.0007],[-100.6638,38.0005],[-100.6641,37.8296],[-100.6507,37.8285],[-100.6526,37.7364],[-101.0904,37.737],[-101.0895,37.8281],[-101.103,37.8297],[-101.1037,38.2636],[-100.6845,38.2627]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Finney\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fcbe4b010e2af2a5d60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, W.R.","contributorId":81141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutentag, E. D.","contributorId":70015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutentag","given":"E. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lobmeyer, D.H.","contributorId":106502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobmeyer","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048641,"text":"70048641 - 1969 - Ground-water data as of 1967, Central Coastal Subregion, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-12T13:01:34","indexId":"70048641","displayToPublicDate":"1979-10-25T12:51:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"title":"Ground-water data as of 1967, Central Coastal Subregion, California","docAbstract":"Most usable ground water in the predominantly mountainous Central Coastal Subregion occurs in alluvium-filled valleys and coastal plains and in deeper aquifers of Quaternary and Tertiary age. The intervening mountainous areas are underlain by consolidated sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks, mainly of Mesozoic age. These older rocks contain only small quantities of recoverable ground water and, therefore, are not considered a major source of ground water.
\nIn the Central Coastal Subregion, 24 basins have been identified as significant sources of ground water. The total area of the 24 basins is about 3,500 square miles. The water-bearing deposits range in thickness from about 200 to 4,000 feet. Depending on local conditions, recharge infiltrates at rates of less than 1½ feet per day to more than 10 feet per day in the upper part of alluvial fans and stream channels and at the outcrops of the deeper aquifers. The maximum measured depth to water in the water-bearing deposits is 568 ft. In several valleys there are flowing wells.
\nTotal storage capacity of 16 of the basins is more than 20,000,000 acre-feet . The usable storage capacity of 18 of the basins is more than 7,600,000 acre-feet; the limiting factors are sea-water intrusion and high pumping lift. Ground-water temperature ranges from about 55° to about 75°F . The dissolved-solids content of the water is generally less than 800 parts per million, but locally is more than 11,000 parts per million. The predominant water type is calcium bicarbonate, but sodium, magnesium, sulfate, and chloride are present locally in significant quantities.
\nProperly constructed wells in some areas can yield 425 gallons per minute.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/70048641","usgsCitation":"Bader, J., 1969, Ground-water data as of 1967, Central Coastal Subregion, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70048641.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70048641.jpg"},{"id":279569,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70048641/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.4976,34.0071 ], [ -122.4976,37.501 ], [ -118.9984,37.501 ], [ -118.9984,34.0071 ], [ -122.4976,34.0071 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b9306e4b058918d0acc0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bader, J. S.","contributorId":65830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bader","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5698,"text":"5698 - 1969 - Data for springs in the Colorado Desert area of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"5698","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T13:18:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Data for springs in the Colorado Desert area of California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, California","doi":"10.3133/5698","collaboration":"USGS Library Call No.: \t (200) B455dc","usgsCitation":"Berkstresser, C.F., 1969, Data for springs in the Colorado Desert area of California, ii, 13 p. : map ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/5698.","productDescription":"ii, 13 p. : map ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd7ae4b0c8380cd4e84d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkstresser, Charles Floyd","contributorId":84063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkstresser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Floyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207123,"text":"70207123 - 1969 - Distribution of oxygen and carbon isotopes in fossils of late cretaceous age, western interior region of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T16:56:11","indexId":"70207123","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-31T16:52:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of oxygen and carbon isotopes in fossils of late cretaceous age, western interior region of North America","docAbstract":"The oxygen isotope composition of both calcite and aragonite of the pelecypod Inoceramus is lighter than the composition of the aragonite of associated baculites and other cephalopods from the western interior region, the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains, parts of Canada, and West Greenland. This difference cannot be explained by biotic and oceanographic factors or by postdepositional alteration of original isotopic compositions. Metabolic fractionation of oxygen isotopes by Inoceramus is strongly implied by the data and is not contradicted by what is known of the processes involved in the biologic deposition of shell carbonate. In addition, the oxygen isotope compositions of the inocerams and of some baculites are so light as to indicate temperatures greater than 30° C, which is too high for mollusks to tolerate. The unreasonable range of the indicated temperatures seems to be partly the result of metabolic fractionation of oxygen and partly the result of the Late Cretaceous sea in the western interior region having had a light oxygen isotope composition because of dilution with fresh water. The carbon isotope composition of the aragonite from Inoceramus is consistently heavier than that of the calcite in the same specimen by amounts ranging from 1 to 3 per mil. Metabolic fractionation of carbon isotopes within Inoceramus thus is indicated. The carbon isotope composition of the aragonite from baculites and other cephalopods is consistently lighter than that in either the aragonite or calcite in Inoceramus, indicating either that the cephalopods fractionated carbon isotopes from the dissolved carbonate in sea water differently than did inocerams or that the cephalopods utilized carbon of a different isotopic composition, probably from their food source, for their metabolic processes. While oxygen isotope data from the inocerams are not useful for paleotemperature interpretations, the oxygen isotope data from the baculites, if taken at face value, suggest either warmer temperatures for the western interior sea than around the periphery of Cretaceous North America, or water of oxygen isotope composition lighter than world oceans, or both. Data from British Columbia, southeastern Alaska, and West Greenland to the Gulf Coastal Plain do not indicate a well-developed latitudinal distribution of temperature in Late Cretaceous time. A general decline in temperatures during late Campanian and early Maestrichtian time is not evident. © 1969, The Geological Society of America, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1903:DOOACI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Tourtelot, H.A., and Rye, R., 1969, Distribution of oxygen and carbon isotopes in fossils of late cretaceous age, western interior region of North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 10, p. 1903-1922, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1903:DOOACI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"1903","endPage":"1922","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tourtelot, H. A.","contributorId":79140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourtelot","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R.O.","contributorId":189158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rye","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}