{"pageNumber":"1815","pageRowStart":"45350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46619,"records":[{"id":70199506,"text":"70199506 - 1969 - Effect of rainfall variability on streamflow simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T15:52:59","indexId":"70199506","displayToPublicDate":"1969-10-01T15:52:23","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of rainfall variability on streamflow simulation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three recording rain gages in a 9.7‐square‐mile basin in southern California were used with a deterministic rainfall‐runoff model to simulate flood hydrographs and peaks and to assess the effects of data errors on simulation results. Bias in the estimation of effective basin rainfall seemed to result in curve fitting parameter adjustments which compensated for the bias. The combined effects for a storm of both difference in the time distribution of rainfall at different points and spatial variability of rainfall volume over the basin limit the possible accuracy of simulation results. The use of a single rain gage on a basin with this hydrology can at best be expected to predict peak discharge with a standard error of estimate on the order of 20%.</span></p>","publisher":"American Geologists Union","doi":"10.1029/WR005i005p00958","usgsCitation":"Dawdy, D., and Bergmann, J.M., 1969, Effect of rainfall variability on streamflow simulation: Water Resources Research, v. 5, no. 5, p. 958-966, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR005i005p00958.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"958","endPage":"966","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":357512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawdy, D.R.","contributorId":99956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawdy","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergmann, James M.","contributorId":12471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergmann","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70223874,"text":"70223874 - 1969 - The use of Schlumberger and equatorial soundings in groundwater investigations near El Paso, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T19:47:11.730238","indexId":"70223874","displayToPublicDate":"1969-10-01T14:32:06","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of Schlumberger and equatorial soundings in groundwater investigations near El Paso, Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Electrical soundings using the symmetric AMNB Schlumberger and the bipole-dipole equatorial arrays were made along two profiles near El Paso, Texas, in support of a groundwater exploration program which included seismic refraction and gravity surveys. Electrode spacings (AB/2 or R) reaching 12,000 ft allowed exploration to depths of about 7000 ft. Geoelectrical information on the subsurface materials was augmented by sounding with the bilateral equatorial configuration and by transforming Schlumberger curves into dipole-polar sounding curves with formulas developed by Al'pin and by Tsekov. The bilateral equatorial sounding curves were found useful for detecting the direction of dip of highly resistive bedrocks whereas transformed sounding curves were used to evaluate the average longitudinal resistivity, and hence the depth, to the \"electric basement.\" A few of the Schlumberger sounding curves were either clearly or subtly distorted by nonhorizontal geologic structures. The interpretation of these sounding curves illustrates the requirement for careful analysis in processing electrical prospecting data obtained over complex geologic conditions. The interpretation of a combined Schlumberger-equatorial sounding curve, which did not agree with the preliminary interpretation of seismic refraction data, was confirmed to be correct by data from a test well drilled to a depth of 4363 ft. The application of electrical sounding data in the El Paso area furnished valuable information on the depth to fresh-water-saltwater interfaces and on the depth to highly resistive impervious bedrocks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1440042","usgsCitation":"Zohdy, A.A., 1969, The use of Schlumberger and equatorial soundings in groundwater investigations near El Paso, Texas: Geophysics, v. 34, no. 5, p. 713-728, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440042.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"728","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"El Paso","otherGeospatial":"Hueco Bolson","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.06063842773438,\n              31.675589707562505\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.029296875,\n              31.675589707562505\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.029296875,\n              32.00225320314841\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.06063842773438,\n              32.00225320314841\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.06063842773438,\n              31.675589707562505\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zohdy, Adel A. R.","contributorId":61799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zohdy","given":"Adel","email":"","middleInitial":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70223906,"text":"70223906 - 1969 - Progress on a gravity map of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T17:34:22.498241","indexId":"70223906","displayToPublicDate":"1969-10-01T12:27:24","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progress on a gravity map of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey began gravity surveys in Alaska ten years ago with local surveys in the Copper River and Tanana Basins. Shortly before the 1963 AGU gravity symposium [</span><i>Barnes</i><span>, 1965], the emphasis shifted from local surveys to the preparation of a reconnaissance gravity map of the whole state with a 10-mgal contour interval on a scale of 1:2,500,000, which would be similar to the gravity map of the United States [</span><i>Woollard and Joesting</i><span>, 1964]. Data have now been obtained in approximately three-fourths of the state, but there are large variations in both station density and geologic usefulness of the coverage. The amount of coverage is primarily influenced by the distribution of water bodies because more than three-fourths of the stations have been obtained by riverboats, small skiffs, and floatplanes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO050i010p00550","usgsCitation":"Barnes, D., 1969, Progress on a gravity map of Alaska: Eos Science News, v. 50, no. 10, p. 550-552, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO050i010p00550.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"550","endPage":"552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, David F.","contributorId":72787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"David F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70223396,"text":"70223396 - 1969 - Rheology of basalt in the melting range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-25T16:43:43.823067","indexId":"70223396","displayToPublicDate":"1969-10-01T11:39:17","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rheology of basalt in the melting range","docAbstract":"<p><span>Experimental data have been obtained for viscosities of tholeiite melts at temperatures from 1300 to 1120 °Cat 1 atm, using a concentric cylinder viscometer. The apparent viscosity increases more than two orders of magnitude between 1200 and 1120 °C (0–25 per cent crystallization) for shear rates of about 10 sec</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;and even more for lower shear rates. Non-Newtonian behaviour of ‘pseudo-plastic type’ becomes extremely pronounced at temperatures below about 1130 °C. At these temperatures, differences of less than 5 °C can produce changes in apparent viscosity amounting to orders of magnitude. These observations have led to the conclusion that the heat of deformation must itself influence rheological behaviour in the melting range. An equation for thermal energy balances and their rates of change is constructed and placed in a non-dimensional form that has been given published solutions by I. J. Gruntfest (1963) relating the shear stress, rate of strain, and temperature through the temperature dependence of viscosity. The results show that in an adiabatic system the heating rate increases with time so that the temperature eventually runs out of bounds, a process termed ‘thermal feedback’ by Gruntfest. A hypothesis of shear melting is derived on the basis of a simplified viscosity function extrapolated to the solidus temperature. The hypothesis is applied to magma generation in the earth on the basis of dimensional arguments. It is also suggested that thermal instabilities give rise to a sort of viscous failure responsible for deep-focus earthquakes, and that the two phenomena have the same cause relating ultimately to a gravitational energy source.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/10.3.510","usgsCitation":"Shaw, H.R., 1969, Rheology of basalt in the melting range: Journal of Petrology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 510-535, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.510.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"510","endPage":"535","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, Herbert R.","contributorId":29813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70226142,"text":"70226142 - 1969 - The U.S. Geological Survey's gravity program in the Rocky Mountain and Basin Range areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-12T16:49:35.083596","indexId":"70226142","displayToPublicDate":"1969-10-01T10:35:56","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey's gravity program in the Rocky Mountain and Basin Range areas","docAbstract":"<div id=\"article__content\" class=\"col-sm-12 col-md-8 col-lg-8 article__content article-row-left\"><div class=\"article__body \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Most of the gravity surveys of the U.S. Geological Survey have been support programs in connection with regional geologic structural studies, ground-water investigations, and heavy-metals exploration. Many of the studies were undertaken in conjunction with geological mapping and mineral investigations by the Survey's project geologists. Gravity data often complement aeromagnetic surveys to identify the sources of potential-field anomalies; other gravity data have been used to supplement high-resolution seismic and electrical investigations [<i>Mattick</i>, 1967]. Geochemical follow-up has been fruitful in western Montana [ Mudge et al, 1967].</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO050i010p00529","usgsCitation":"Kleinkopf, M.D., and Peterson, D.L., 1969, The U.S. Geological Survey's gravity program in the Rocky Mountain and Basin Range areas: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 50, no. 10, p. 529-531, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO050i010p00529.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"531","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Basin Range, Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.0703125,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.081298828125,\n              46.05036097561633\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.87255859374999,\n              45.82114340079471\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6748046875,\n              45.75219336063106\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5869140625,\n              45.62940492064501\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.32299804687499,\n              44.44162421758805\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.2900390625,\n              44.26093725039923\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.00439453125,\n              44.11914151643737\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.037353515625,\n              43.858296779161826\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.02636718749999,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.02563476562501,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.047607421875,\n              38.98503278695909\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.730224609375,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.70825195312501,\n              34.84085858477277\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.466552734375,\n              34.44315867450577\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2138671875,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.510498046875,\n              34.14363482031264\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.58740234375,\n              33.94335994657882\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.620361328125,\n              33.60546961227188\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.80712890625,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.81811523437501,\n              33.08233672856376\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.54345703125,\n              32.89803818160521\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.76318359375,\n              32.7503226078097\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9169921875,\n              32.52828936482526\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              31.297327991404266\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.1494140625,\n              31.259769987394286\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.17138671875,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.435546875,\n              31.70947636001935\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.435546875,\n              31.970803930433096\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.9638671875,\n              31.952162238024975\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.98583984374999,\n              36.932330061503144\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.9970703125,\n              36.932330061503144\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.9970703125,\n              41.062786068733026\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.99658203125,\n              41.02964338716638\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0185546875,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0703125,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleinkopf, M. Dean","contributorId":37723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinkopf","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Donald L.","contributorId":28597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70223885,"text":"70223885 - 1969 - Standardization of gravimeter calibrations in the geological survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T12:47:59.891523","indexId":"70223885","displayToPublicDate":"1969-10-01T07:13:04","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standardization of gravimeter calibrations in the geological survey","docAbstract":"<p><span>The calibration of gravimeters has long been primarily the concern of geodesists involved in measuring large gravity differences, but recent developments suggest that the precision and stability of gravimeter calibrations may have greater geologic importance in the future. First, the use of high-speed computers and an increasing variety of supplemental data now make possible the geologic interpretation of gravity anomalies so small that they would not have been noticed in surveys made ten years ago. The kind of gravity interpretation that identifies small reefs and local accumulations of petroleum [</span><i>McCulloh</i><span>, 1967] often requires local increases in station density and the assurance that the calibration of meters used in all parts of a survey are compatible. Second, temporal changes of gravity have already been measured in connection with earthquakes [</span><i>Barnes</i><span>, 1966], volcanic eruptions [</span><i>Iida et al</i><span>, 1952], and the movement of ice caps [</span><i>Behrendt</i><span>, 1967]; they are now being considered for several other types of geologic processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO050i010p00526","usgsCitation":"Barnes, D., Oliver, H., and Robbins, S.L., 1969, Standardization of gravimeter calibrations in the geological survey: Eos Science News, v. 50, no. 10, p. 526-527, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO050i010p00526.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"527","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Oregon, Washington","city":"Anchorage, Denver, Eugene, Fairbanks, Fresno, Los Angeles, Menlo Park, Merced, Palm Springs, Port Angeles, Portland, Red Bluff, Safford","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake, Heliograph Point, Lookout Mountain, Mount Evans, Mount Hamilton, Mount Hood, Mount Lassen, Mount Pinos, Mount San Jacinto, Murphy Dome, Obstruction Peak, Sentinel Dome, Skeggs Point, Ski Bowl site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.0732421875,\n              61.079544234557304\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.4140625,\n              61.079544234557304\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.4140625,\n              61.28079281179158\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.0732421875,\n              61.28079281179158\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.0732421875,\n      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,{"id":70224623,"text":"70224623 - 1969 - An application of surface geophysical techniques to the study of watershed hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-30T18:00:29.025601","indexId":"70224623","displayToPublicDate":"1969-09-01T12:49:21","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7168,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An application of surface geophysical techniques to the study of watershed hydrology","docAbstract":"<p>The applicability of geophysical methods to experimental watershed research is demonstrated by a study of a 106-acre forested watershed in central Pennsylvania. Data from a shallow seismic refraction study and an electrical resistivity study of the watershed were used to determine the depth of soils, their volumes, depth to bedrock, configuration of the bedrock surface and delineation of the bedrock surface and delineation of the water table. With this information on the subsurface conditions, the hydrologic properties of the watershed were described in greater detail. This information will be of value in explaining the watershed's response to various watershed treatment practices that eventually will be used.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1969.tb04900.x","usgsCitation":"Shields, R.R., and Sopper, W.E., 1969, An application of surface geophysical techniques to the study of watershed hydrology: Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA), v. 5, no. 3, p. 37-49, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1969.tb04900.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.343505859375,\n              40.204050425113294\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.37695312499999,\n              40.204050425113294\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.37695312499999,\n              41.02964338716638\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.343505859375,\n              41.02964338716638\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.343505859375,\n              40.204050425113294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shields, Ronald R.","contributorId":64655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shields","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sopper, William E.","contributorId":266143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sopper","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70223908,"text":"70223908 - 1969 - Confidence limits for the precision parameter κ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T17:51:36.068114","indexId":"70223908","displayToPublicDate":"1969-07-01T12:47:08","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Confidence limits for the precision parameter κ","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Confidence limits are calculated for the precision parameter κ used in the analysis of palaeomagnetic data and for the angular standard deviation σ. A set of tables for 95 per cent and 99 per cent confidence limits is presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Astronomical Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1969.tb00257.x","usgsCitation":"Cox, A., 1969, Confidence limits for the precision parameter κ: Geophysical Journal International, v. 17, no. 5, p. 545-549, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1969.tb00257.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"549","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1969.tb00257.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Allan","contributorId":89949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70224622,"text":"70224622 - 1969 - Principal stress directions from plastic flow in crystals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-30T17:47:23.77508","indexId":"70224622","displayToPublicDate":"1969-07-01T12:36:58","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Principal stress directions from plastic flow in crystals","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Methods for determining orientations of principal stress axes in deformed rocks involve dynamic analysis of twin-gliding and of extinction bands produced by inhomogeneous translation gliding in crystals. The methods, beginning with Turner's (1953) technique for dynamic analysis of calcite twins, have been developed using as guides the results from experiments under controlled laboratory conditions. Structures induced by intragranular flow in calcite, dolomite, quartz, micas, orthopyroxenes, clinopyroxenes, olivine, and other common rock-forming materials, may now be used to derive orientations of principal stresses causing the deformation. The various methods, some new, are discussed in detail and examples of their application to tectonites are given. The usefulness of such studies is illustrated by evaluating the observed orientations of principal stresses around folds in light of new data from a theoretical analysis of large amplitude folding of viscous layers in a less viscous matrix. Other areas of research in structural geology in which these methods should prove useful have also been outlined.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1231:PSDFPF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Carter, N.L., and Raleigh, C.B., 1969, Principal stress directions from plastic flow in crystals: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1231-1264, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1231:PSDFPF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1264","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Neville L.","contributorId":117934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Neville","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":28125,"text":"Yale University, New Haven, CT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raleigh, C. Barry","contributorId":103683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raleigh","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70224600,"text":"70224600 - 1969 - Errors in using modern stream-load data to estimate natural rates of denudation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T16:49:51.602886","indexId":"70224600","displayToPublicDate":"1969-07-01T11:33:42","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Errors in using modern stream-load data to estimate natural rates of denudation","docAbstract":"<p>The practice of calculating natural rates of denudation from routinely collected data on the loads of suspended and dissolved matter in modern rivers is subject to several significant errors. The sources of these errors are demonstrated by examples from the Atlantic drainage of the United States, where their total effect has apparently doubled the natural rate of erosion.</p><p>The largest error is caused by assuming that modern sediment loads in populated areas represent natural erosion, whereas in fact they mainly reflect the influence of man. Conversion of forests to croplands in the middle Atlantic states causes about a tenfold increase in sediment yield. Coal mining, urbanization, and highway construction have added extra loads of sediment to the streams. Modern sediment loads in the Atlantic-draining rivers are probably 4 to 5 times greater than they would be if the area had remained undisturbed by man.</p><p>Errors in calculating the chemical denudation are caused by atmospheric contributions to the dissolved loads of streams and by pollutants that are added directly to stream waters. About one-quarter of the salts in Atlantic-draining streams were contributed from the atmosphere, either as recycled sea salts or as pollutants and soil dust that originally became airborne as a result of the activities of man. Perhaps another one-tenth of the dissolved load consists of industrial and agricultural wastes or acid mine waters that have been added directly to the streams.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1265:EIUMSD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Meade, R.H., 1969, Errors in using modern stream-load data to estimate natural rates of denudation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1265-1274, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1265:EIUMSD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1265","endPage":"1274","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia","city":"Baltimore, Washington D.C.","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Appalachia, Brandywine Creek, Chesapeake Bay, Gunpowder Falls River, Lehigh River, Passaic River, Potomac River, Schuylkill River, Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.34277343749999,\n              30.524413269923986\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.48681640625,\n              34.56085936708384\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.03662109375,\n              35.96022296929667\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.8056640625,\n              37.10776507118514\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.89404296875,\n              39.99395569397331\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.89404296875,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9169921875,\n              41.04621681452063\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.54345703125,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.59814453125,\n              42.407234661551875\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.07080078125,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.54296874999999,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.23486328124999,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.47607421875,\n              42.09822241118974\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.70556640625,\n              42.309815415686664\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9033203125,\n              40.04443758460856\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.63916015625,\n              38.66835610151506\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.705078125,\n              38.13455657705411\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.7108154296875,\n              36.61552763134925\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7325439453125,\n              36.071302299422406\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.8751220703125,\n              35.585851593232356\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.342041015625,\n              35.25459097465022\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3585205078125,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.84716796875,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.18798828125,\n              31.052933985705163\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.9462890625,\n              30.619004797647808\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.34277343749999,\n              30.524413269923986\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, Robert H. 0000-0002-4965-3040 rhmeade@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3040","contributorId":2744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"Robert","email":"rhmeade@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70223863,"text":"70223863 - 1969 - Measuring underground-explosion effects on water levels in surrounding aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T16:28:49.637749","indexId":"70223863","displayToPublicDate":"1969-07-01T11:23:12","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring underground-explosion effects on water levels in surrounding aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Underground detonations may produce observable effects in surrounding aquifers and wells. The nature and the duration of the effect at any observation point seem to depend on several factors such as the amount of energy released by the detonation, the geologic environment, the position of the buried explosive device in relation to the saturated zone, aquifer characteristics, and the distance from point of detonation. Precise measurement of these effects in wells presented numerous technical problems and resulted in the development of specialized techniques. Initially, these effects were observed by measuring the fluctuation of the free water surface in wells. The current technique employs high-resolution pressure transducers deep in the water column. Pneumatic packers may be used to restrict the movement of water into the well. Data are recorded on high-speed oscillographs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1969.tb01283.x","usgsCitation":"Garber, M.S., and Wollitz, L.E., 1969, Measuring underground-explosion effects on water levels in surrounding aquifers: Groundwater, v. 7, no. 4, p. 3-7, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1969.tb01283.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garber, M. S.","contributorId":6433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wollitz, Leonard E.","contributorId":22340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wollitz","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70225514,"text":"70225514 - 1969 - Theoretical basis of the borehole deepening method of absolute stress measurement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-18T20:33:27.262415","indexId":"70225514","displayToPublicDate":"1969-06-16T15:22:26","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Theoretical basis of the borehole deepening method of absolute stress measurement","docAbstract":"<p>Knowledge of the initial state of stress in rocks provides a key to the solution of many problems in rock mechanics. The initial state of stress is part of the basic data required for rational design of structures in rock, since its redistribution when engineering activities are conducted is a primary load on the rock portion of the engineering system. Knowledge of initial and subsequent changes in the state of stress is also relevant in the study of active faults and crustal strain.</p><p>The purposes of stress measurements are not generally well served by methods which disclose only one of the stress components at a point. Recently, interest has centered on overcoring methods which though expensive and difficult have the important advantage of yielding data on three or more stress components.</p><p>In a previous paper, the authors introduced a new method--termed borehole deepening--based on measurement of the deformations that occur close to the bottom of a borehole when it is deepened by further drilling without overcoring<span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><sup></sup></span>. The proposed method is at a disadvantage when compared with overcoring procedures in that the quantities to be measured are somewhat smaller and the measuring environment is more hostile. However, the borehole deepening method presents three distinct advantages in comparison with overcoring procedures: (1) Using the same borehole, both the initial and the subsequent changes in the state of stress can be obtained by borehole deepening. Stress changes with time are very significant for stability monitoring as well as in predicting earthquake activity in regions close to known active faults and volcanoes. (2) The necessity of completely unloading a portion of the rock mass where deformation measurements are being carried out in the overcoring methods is ill-suited to nonlinearly elastic materials such as rocks. The borehole deepening method, on the other hand, is based on a change of stress from one level to another, rather than complete strain relief and is therefore less affected by nonlinear behavior. (3) Numerous stress measurements can be carried out economically in a single borehole. Thus, the regional stress distribution can be more readily obtained. Such information is considerably more significant than a single stress measurement at a point; considering the variability of rock masses and the magnitudes and direction of the stresses acting on them from one region to another and within the regions themselves, the reliability of a single measurement when extrapolated for the entire region is not very reasonable. This advantage of more numerous measurements makes it possible to predetermine the initial state of stress with confidence before actual access and construction. It also makes it possible to consider studying regional tectonic systems. Integrated regional measurements of in-situ state of stress would provide the necessary information for plotting the variation of crustal stresses; this would be of great interest in evaluating the several theories of orogenesis and in delineating tectonically active regions.</p><p>This chapter is concerned with the theoretical basis for the borehole deepening method--the \"software\" for converting deformation measurements into stress values.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 11th U.S. symposium on rock mechanics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The 11th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics","conferenceDate":"June 16-19, 1969","conferenceLocation":"Berkeley, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Rock Mechanics Association","usgsCitation":"de la Cruz, R.V., and Goodman, R.E., 1969, Theoretical basis of the borehole deepening method of absolute stress measurement, <i>in</i> The 11th U.S. symposium on rock mechanics, v. 11, Berkeley, CA, June 16-19, 1969, ARMA-69-0353.","productDescription":"ARMA-69-0353","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390633,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.armarocks.org/resources/onepetro-digital-library/"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de la Cruz, Rodolfo V.","contributorId":267843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de la Cruz","given":"Rodolfo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodman, Richard E.","contributorId":117859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70203695,"text":"70203695 - 1969 - Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70203695,"text":"70203695 - 1969 - Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico","indexId":"70203695","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68426,"text":"ha414 - 1971 - Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico","indexId":"ha414","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":68426,"text":"ha414 - 1971 - Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico","indexId":"ha414","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T15:19:40","indexId":"70203695","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T16:09:06","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>This report is a compilation of data pertaining to floods in Rios Guayanilla and Yauco, based principally upon information obtained from residents in the study area. This information is a useful tool in making land-use and development decisions.</p><p>The Guayanilla and Yauco basins lie in the southwestern part of Puerto Rico. The streams flow southward from the rugged Cordillera Central and empty into Bahia de Guayanilla. The lower basins are devoted principally to the production of sugarcane and are subject to destructive floods. Details pertaining to basin features, flood frequency, flood profiles, and inundated areas are discussed by individual basins. All elevations given are in meters above mean sea level. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70203695","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Fields, F.K., 1969, Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico: Open-File Report, Report: 25 p.; 1 Plate: 27.73 x 38.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70203695.","productDescription":"Report: 25 p.; 1 Plate: 27.73 x 38.48 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":364340,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70203695/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":364339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70203695/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":364341,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70203695/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"20000","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Guayanilla-Yauco area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.875,\n              17.91666667\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.75,\n              17.91666667\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.75,\n              18.08333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.875,\n              18.08333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.875,\n              17.91666667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fields, Fred K.","contributorId":69981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70110384,"text":"wdrIN681 - 1969 - Water resources data for Indiana, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T09:54:21","indexId":"wdrIN681","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T13:43:22","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-68-1","title":"Water resources data for Indiana, 1968","docAbstract":"<p>The surface-water records for the 1968 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sties within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey include the collection of water quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface- and ground-water supplies of the Nation. These data for the 1968 water year for the quality of surface water in Indiana are presented in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN681","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Department of Natural Resources; Indiana State Board of Health; Indiana State Highway Commission; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Water resources data for Indiana, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-68-1, viii, 269 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN681.","productDescription":"viii, 269 p.","numberOfPages":"278","temporalStart":"1967-10-01","temporalEnd":"1968-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288279,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1968/in-68-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538052ebe4b0826cd5016a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70171152,"text":"70171152 - 1969 - Comparison of thermal data from airborne and vessel surveys of Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T09:52:22","indexId":"70171152","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of thermal data from airborne and vessel surveys of Lake Erie","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study of the applications of airborne infrared equipment for detecting water masses and currents of the Great Lakes is described. Infrared scanners were used to make thermal strip maps and an infrared radiometer was used to obtain surface temperatures of the western end of Lake Erie and the lower Detroit River. Simultaneously, surface water temperatures were taken and water samples were collected for chloride determinations from four vessels making a 4 day synoptic survey of the test area. The remote infrared measurements are compared with shipboard temperature data to evaluate their usefulness in demonstrating thermal structure, water masses, and currents in the test area.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"12th Conference on Great Lakes Research","conferenceDate":"May 5-7, 1969","conferenceLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","usgsCitation":"Beeton, A.M., Moffett, J.W., and Parker, D.C., 1969, Comparison of thermal data from airborne and vessel surveys of Lake Erie, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Great Lakes Research, Ann Arbor, MI, May 5-7, 1969, p. 513-528.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"528","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d645fe4b07e28b66836b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeton, Alfred M.","contributorId":94247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeton","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffett, James W.","contributorId":94245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Dana C.","contributorId":37278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045464,"text":"70045464 - 1969 - Hydrology of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:41:05","indexId":"70045464","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Hydrology of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado","docAbstract":"An investigation of the water resources of the Colorado part of the San Luis Valley was begun in 1966 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board. (See index map, fig. 1). The purpose of the investigation is to provide information for planning and implementing improved water-development and management practices. The major water problems in the San Luis Valley include (1) waterlogging, (2) waste of water by nonbeneficial evapotranspiration, (3) deterioration of ground-water chemical quality, and (4) failure of Colorado to deliver water to New Mexico and Texas in accordance with the Rio Grande Compact. This report describes the hydrologic environment, extent of water-resource development, and some of the problems related to that development. Information presented is based on data collected from 1966 to 1968 and on previous studies. Subsequent reports are planned as the investigation progresses. The San Luis Valley extends about 100 miles from Poncha Pass near the northeast corner of Saguache County, Colo., to a point about 16 miles south of the Colorado-New Mexico State line. The total area is 3,125 square miles, of which about 3,000 are in Colorado. The valley is nearly flat except for the San Luis Hills and a few other small areas. The Colorado part of the San Luis Valley, which is described in this report, has an average altitude of about 7,700 feet. Bounding the valley on the west are the San Juan Mountains and on the east the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Most of the valley floor is bordered by alluvial fans deposited by streams originating in the mountains, the most extensive being the Rio Grande fan (see block diagram, fig. 2 in pocket). Most of the streamflow is derived from snowmelt from 4,700 square miles of watershed in the surrounding mountains. The northern half of the San Luis Valley is internally drained and is referred to as the closed basin. The lowest part of this area is known locally as the \"sump.\" The remainder of the valley is drained by the Rio Grande and its tributaries. The climate of the San Luis Valley is arid, and a successful agricultural economy would not be possible without irrigation. It is characterized by cold winters, moderate summers, and much sunshine. The average annual precipitation on the valley floor ranges from 7 to 10 inches. More than half the precipitation occurs from July to September. Moisture deficiency in the valley is shown by the graph comparing pan evaporation and precipitation {fig. 3}. For the years 1961-67 average pan evaporation for the period April through September was 52.25 inches, but average precipitation for the period was only 5.02 inches. Average annual precipitation was 7.8 inches. Owing to the short growing season (90-120 days), crops a.re restricted mainly to barley, oats, potatoes, and other vegetables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70045464","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Emery, P.A., Boettcher, A.J., Snipes, R., and Mcintyre, H., 1969, Hydrology of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado: Open-File Report, ii, 22 p.; 3 Plates: 23.79 x 27.78 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70045464.","productDescription":"ii, 22 p.; 3 Plates: 23.79 x 27.78 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"26","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1966-01-01","temporalEnd":"1968-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045464/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272738,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045464/report.pdf"},{"id":272739,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045464/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":272740,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045464/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":272741,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045464/plate-7.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Alamosa;Conejos;Costilla;Custer;Huerfano;Rio Grande;Saguache","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.25,37.0 ], [ -105.25,38.5 ], [ -106.75,38.5 ], [ -106.75,37.0 ], [ -105.25,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fc466e4b05024ef3cd408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emery, P. A.","contributorId":49392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boettcher, A. J.","contributorId":25965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boettcher","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snipes, R.J.","contributorId":16813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snipes","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mcintyre, H.J. Jr.","contributorId":34027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcintyre","given":"H.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009767,"text":"70009767 - 1969 - Some triple-filament lead isotope ratio measurements and an absolute growth curve for single-stage leads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T20:42:06.960752","indexId":"70009767","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some triple-filament lead isotope ratio measurements and an absolute growth curve for single-stage leads","docAbstract":"<p>Triple-filament analyses of three standard lead samples are used to calibrate a mass spectrometer in an absolute sense. The bias we measure is 0.0155 percent per mass unit, and the precision (for 95% confidence limits) is ±0.13% or less for all ratios relative to<sup>204</sup>Pb. Although its precision is not quite so good as that of the lead-tetramethyl method in the analysis of large samples, the triple-filament method is less complex and is an attractive alternative for smaller sample sizes down to 500 μg.</p><p>Triple-filament data are presented for six possibly single-stage lead ores and one feldspar. These new data for ores are combined with corrected tetramethyl data for stratiform lead deposits to compute absolute parameters for a universal single-stage lead isotope growth curve. Absolute isotopic ratios for primeval lead have been determined by Oversby and because all the previous data for both meteorites and lead ores were similarly fractionated, the absolute value of<sup>238</sup>U<sup>204</sup>Pb= 9.09 ± 0.06 for stratiform leads is little different from the value 8.99 ± 0.05 originally computed by Ostic, Russell and Stanton.</p><p>Absolute values for lead isotope ratios for all interlaboratory standard samples presently available from the literature are tabulated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(69)90154-X","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Stacey, J.S., Delevaux, M., and Ulrych, T., 1969, Some triple-filament lead isotope ratio measurements and an absolute growth curve for single-stage leads: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 6, no. 1, p. 15-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(69)90154-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92f2e4b08c986b31a1df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delevaux, M.E.","contributorId":6185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delevaux","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ulrych, T.J.","contributorId":88874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrych","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009793,"text":"70009793 - 1969 - Computer-produced tables, maps, and diagrams as tools in the interpretation of brine data from southeastern Kansas (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T20:28:01.869145","indexId":"70009793","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer-produced tables, maps, and diagrams as tools in the interpretation of brine data from southeastern Kansas (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id6\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><p id=\"simple-para.0010\">The applicability of computer-oriented techniques to assist in the interpretation of brine data is demonstrated by the use of six programs on data from two example areas. These programs include a data tabling routine; routines for producing Stiff, Piper, and Ropes diagrams; programs for calculating ionic ratios; and programs for plotting maps of chemical data. The examples illustrate: (1) the range in water quality and contamination of potable water by brines in Stafford, Pratt, and Barber Counties, and (2) the change in water quality in the Arbuckle Group from southeast to south-central Kansas.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(69)90052-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"McNellis, J., Morgan, C., and Lowell, B., 1969, Computer-produced tables, maps, and diagrams as tools in the interpretation of brine data from southeastern Kansas (U.S.A.): Chemical Geology, v. 4, no. 1-2, p. 303-324, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(69)90052-7.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.7890625,\n              36.96744946416934\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              36.96744946416934\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              38.151837403006766\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.7890625,\n              38.151837403006766\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.7890625,\n              36.96744946416934\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f972e4b0c8380cd4d5f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNellis, J.M.","contributorId":58662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNellis","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, C.O.","contributorId":24482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowell, B.H.","contributorId":87282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowell","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175282,"text":"70175282 - 1969 - Sediment Transport in Streams in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-04T13:06:46","indexId":"70175282","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Sediment Transport in Streams in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents tables of suspended-sediment data collected from 1956 to 1967 at 10 sites in the Umpqua River basin. Computations based on these data indicate that average annual suspended-sediment yields at these sites range from 137 to 822 tons per square mile. Because available data for the Umpqua River basin are generally inadequate for accurate determinations of sediment yield and for the definition of characteristics of fluvial sediments, recommendations are made for the collection and analysis of additional sediment data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/70175282","usgsCitation":"Onions, C.A., 1969, Sediment Transport in Streams in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon: Open-File Report, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175282.","productDescription":"45 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70175282.jpg"},{"id":326113,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70175282/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umpqua River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.398193359375,\n              42.61374895431491\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.398193359375,\n              43.45291889355465\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9976806640625,\n              43.45291889355465\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9976806640625,\n              42.61374895431491\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.398193359375,\n              42.61374895431491\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315d0e4b006cb45558b94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Onions, C. A.","contributorId":173446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Onions","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70190906,"text":"70190906 - 1969 - Selected hydrologic data, southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-17T10:10:47","indexId":"70190906","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5498,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Release","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Selected hydrologic data, southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this report is to present basic geologic, ground-water, surface-water, and quality of water data that are useful for the study and effective development of the water resources of southern Utah and Goshen Valleys. This report supplements an interpretive report which will be published later.</p><p>Much of the basic data was collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, during the years 1935-67. Data collected by other organizations are also included in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Cordova, R., 1969, Selected hydrologic data, southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah: Utah Basic-Data Release 16, iii, 35 p.","productDescription":"iii, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-310&Title=Basic+Data+Report+16"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Goshen Valley, Utah Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bf899de4b091459a5e0893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordova, R.M.","contributorId":77511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185796,"text":"pp669B - 1969 - Stratified rocks of the Grand Canyon: Chapter B in <i>The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell (Professional Paper 669)</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70185796,"text":"pp669B - 1969 - Stratified rocks of the Grand Canyon: Chapter B in <i>The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell (Professional Paper 669)</i>","indexId":"pp669B","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Stratified rocks of the Grand Canyon: Chapter B in <i>The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell (Professional Paper 669)</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":25022,"text":"pp669 - 1969 - The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell","indexId":"pp669","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":25022,"text":"pp669 - 1969 - The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell","indexId":"pp669","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T10:35:50","indexId":"pp669B","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"669","chapter":"B","title":"Stratified rocks of the Grand Canyon: Chapter B in <i>The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell (Professional Paper 669)</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The record of the earth's history in the walls of the Grand Canyon has been deciphered through hard work by many people during the past 100 years. Much still remains unsolved. John Wesley Powell's contributions were of a pioneering type, though he was not the first to discuss the rocks of the Grand Canyon. Far more important than his own observations and deductions in the field of stratigraphic geology was his tremendous influence upon the work of his associates and his successors. This chapter traces the evolution of thought concerning the stratified rocks of the Grand Canyon and summarizes present concepts of stratigraphic history as recorded in the walls of the canyon. A brief summary of available data and conclusions on each of the principal sedimentary units is presented.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell (Professional Paper 669)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp669B","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.D., 1969, Stratified rocks of the Grand Canyon: Chapter B in <i>The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell (Professional Paper 669)</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 669, iii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp669B.","productDescription":"iii, 36 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338552,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0669/report.pdf#page=32"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc824e4b02ff32c685774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin D.","contributorId":60207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185944,"text":"70185944 - 1969 - Landscape esthetics: How to quantify the scenics of a river valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T15:00:07","indexId":"70185944","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2825,"text":"Natural History","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape esthetics: How to quantify the scenics of a river valley","docAbstract":"<p>There are an increasing number of bills before Congress that in one way or another affect the landscape or the environment. Each of these requires seemingly endless numbers of congressional hearings, which are recorded upon endless reams of paper.</p><p>And if, for some reason, you happen to read the voluminous testimony surrounding one of these environment-affecting proposals, you will generally find a marked contrast between the volume and kind of information presented by those who are pressing for technical development - building a dam, constructing a highway, installing a nuclear power plant - and the testimony of those who either oppose the development or wish to alter it in some way. The developer usually employs numerical arguments, which tend to show that there is an economic benefit to be obtained by constructing something - whatever that something may be. The argument is usually expressed in terms of a \"cost-benefit ratio.\" It is typically argued, for instance, that the construction cost of a given project will be repaid over a period of time and will yield a profit or a benefit in excess of the development costs by a ratio of, let us say, 1.2 to 1. The argument is further supported with great numbers of charts, graphs, tables, and additional figures.</p><p>In marked contrast, those who favor protection of the environment against development are fewer in number, their statements are based on emotion or personal feelings, and they usually lack numerical information, quantitative data, and detailed computations. Perhaps this is the reason why this latter group seems to be continually fighting rearguard actions - losing battle after battle.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Museum of Natural History","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., 1969, Landscape esthetics: How to quantify the scenics of a river valley: Natural History, no. October 1969, p. 37-44.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"October 1969","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc823e4b02ff32c68576e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011576,"text":"70011576 - 1969 - Saline water in southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:59:16.005627","indexId":"70011576","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saline water in southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p id=\"simple-para.0010\">Saline waters from formations of several geologic ages are being studied in a seven-county area in southeastern New Mexico and western Texas, where more than 30,000 oil and gas tests have been drilled in the past 40 years. This area of 7,500 sq. miles, which is stratigraphically complex, includes the northern and eastern margins of the Delaware Basin between the Guadalupe and Glass Mountains.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0015\">Chloride-ion concentrations in water produced from rocks of various ages and depths have been mapped in Lea County, New Mexico, using machine map-plotting techniques and trend analyses. Anomalously low chloride concentrations (1,000–3,000 mg/l) were found along the western margin of the Central Basin platform in the San Andres and Capitan Limestone Formations of Permian age. These low chloride-ion concentrations may be due to preferential circulation of ground water through the more porous and permeable rocks.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0020\">Data being used in the study were obtained principally from oil companies and from related service companies. The P.B.W.D.S. (Permian Basin Well Data System) scout-record magnetic-tape file was used as a framework in all computer operations. Shallow or non-oil-field water analyses acquired from state, municipal, or federal agencies were added to these data utilizing P.B.W.D.S.-compatible reference numbers and decimal latitude-longitude coordinates. Approximately 20,000 water analyses collected from over 65 sources were coded, recorded on punch cards and stored on magnetic tape for computer operations. Extensive manual and computer error checks for duplication and accuracy were made to eliminate data errors resulting from poorly located or identified samples; non-representative or contaminated samples; mistakes in coding, reproducing or key-punching; laboratory errors; and inconsistent reporting. The original 20,000 analyses considered were reduced to 6,000 representative analyses which are being used in the saline water studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(69)90054-0","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Hiss, W.L., Peterson, J., and Ramsey, T., 1969, Saline water in southeastern New Mexico: Chemical Geology, v. 4, no. 1-2, p. 341-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(69)90054-0.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.45751953125,\n              31.765537409484374\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7001953125,\n              31.765537409484374\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7001953125,\n              33.247875947924385\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.45751953125,\n              33.247875947924385\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.45751953125,\n              31.765537409484374\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafd5e4b0c8380cd877e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hiss, W. L.","contributorId":15614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiss","given":"W.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, J.B.","contributorId":90389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, T.R.","contributorId":39125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168627,"text":"70168627 - 1969 - Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T11:12:19","indexId":"70168627","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1968","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/70168627","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1968, https://doi.org/10.3133/70168627.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.217706,43.50055],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.233367,43.455168],[-91.200359,43.412701],[-91.198953,43.389835],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.20662,43.352524],[-91.132813,43.32803],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.07371,43.274746],[-91.071698,43.261014],[-91.058644,43.257679],[-91.066398,43.239293],[-91.12217,43.197255],[-91.1462,43.152405],[-91.1562,43.142945],[-91.175253,43.134665],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.156562,42.978226],[-91.14543,42.958211],[-91.14988,42.941955],[-91.1438,42.922877],[-91.146177,42.90985],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.097656,42.859871],[-91.091837,42.851225],[-91.09406,42.830813],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.069549,42.769628],[-91.060261,42.761847],[-91.065783,42.753387],[-91.056297,42.747341],[-91.051275,42.737001],[-91.035418,42.73734],[-91.026786,42.724228],[-91.000128,42.716189],[-90.977735,42.696816],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-90.923634,42.6855],[-90.88743,42.67247],[-90.731132,42.643437],[-90.706303,42.634169],[-90.692031,42.610366],[-90.686975,42.591774],[-90.661527,42.567999],[-90.654127,42.5499],[-90.643927,42.540401],[-90.636927,42.513202],[-90.655927,42.491703],[-90.654027,42.478503],[-90.624328,42.458904],[-90.567968,42.440389],[-90.560439,42.432897],[-90.555018,42.416138],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.462619,42.367253],[-90.443874,42.355218],[-90.416535,42.325109],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.419326,42.254467],[-90.400653,42.239293],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.356964,42.205445],[-90.328273,42.201047],[-90.282173,42.178846],[-90.234919,42.165431],[-90.209479,42.15268],[-90.197342,42.128163],[-90.167533,42.122475],[-90.161159,42.106372],[-90.168358,42.075779],[-90.164485,42.042105],[-90.151579,42.030633],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.146225,41.981329],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.163847,41.944934],[-90.152659,41.933058],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.181401,41.844647],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.278633,41.767358],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.317668,41.72269],[-90.313435,41.698082],[-90.334525,41.679559],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.339528,41.598633],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.41283,41.565333],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.500633,41.518033],[-90.540935,41.526133],[-90.591037,41.512832],[-90.602137,41.506032],[-90.605937,41.494232],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.750142,41.449632],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.979815,41.434321],[-91.027787,41.423603],[-91.043988,41.415897],[-91.05101,41.387556],[-91.06652,41.365246],[-91.074841,41.305578],[-91.092034,41.286911],[-91.114186,41.250029],[-91.113648,41.241401],[-91.07298,41.207151],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.027214,41.163373],[-91.007586,41.166183],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-90.946627,41.096632],[-90.949383,41.072711],[-90.942253,41.034702],[-90.945949,41.006495],[-90.958142,40.979767],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.965344,40.921633],[-91.009536,40.900565],[-91.021562,40.884021],[-91.044653,40.868356],[-91.05643,40.848387],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.097649,40.805575],[-91.091703,40.779708],[-91.110424,40.745528],[-91.115735,40.725168],[-91.11194,40.697018],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.185428,40.638071],[-91.253074,40.637962],[-91.306524,40.626231],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.359873,40.601805],[-91.379752,40.57445],[-91.401482,40.559458],[-91.406373,40.551831],[-91.404125,40.539127],[-91.384531,40.530948],[-91.369059,40.512532],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.364915,40.484168],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.372554,40.4012],[-91.381958,40.387632],[-91.419422,40.378264],[-91.441243,40.386255],[-91.452458,40.375501],[-91.463895,40.375659],[-91.465116,40.385257],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.490977,40.393484],[-91.487829,40.403866],[-91.498093,40.401926],[-91.522333,40.409648],[-91.527057,40.416689],[-91.519012,40.431298],[-91.529132,40.434272],[-91.533548,40.440804],[-91.523271,40.450061],[-91.526155,40.458625],[-91.552691,40.458769],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.590817,40.492292],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.618028,40.53403],[-91.6219,40.542292],[-91.6887,40.55739],[-91.691557,40.564867],[-91.686357,40.580875],[-91.716769,40.59853],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-92.686693,40.589809],[-94.294813,40.571341],[-94.632032,40.571186],[-95.765645,40.585208],[-95.753148,40.59284],[-95.748626,40.603355],[-95.768926,40.621264],[-95.776251,40.647463],[-95.795489,40.662384],[-95.822913,40.66724],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.883178,40.717579],[-95.888907,40.731855],[-95.879027,40.753081],[-95.84662,40.768619],[-95.835232,40.779151],[-95.834523,40.787778],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.847084,40.854174],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.838735,40.872191],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.813458,40.901693],[-95.836438,40.921642],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.838908,40.986484],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.869486,41.009399],[-95.859918,41.025403],[-95.859654,41.035695],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.862587,41.088399],[-95.865888,41.117898],[-95.88208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