Restoration of wetland ecosystems is an important priority for many state and federal agencies, as well as nongovernmental conservation organizations. The historic conversion of wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) has resulted in large‐scale implementation of a variety of conservation practices designed to restore and enhance wetland ecosystem services. As a consequence, the effectiveness of multiple approaches in achieving desired conservation goals varies depending on site conditions, practices employed, and specific ecosystem services. We reviewed government agency programs and the scientific literature to evaluate the effects of conservation practices on wetlands in the MAV. There were 68 different conservation practices applied to a combined total of 1.27 million ha in the MAV between 2000 and 2006. These practices fell into two categories: Wetland Conservation Practices and Upland Conservation Practices. Sixteen different practices accounted for nearly 92% of the total area, and only three of these are directly related to wetlands: Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management, Wetland Restoration, and Riparian Forest Buffer. All three of these practices involve reforestation, primarily planting hard‐mast species such as Quercus sp. and Carya sp. These plantings are likely to develop into even‐aged stands of low tree diversity with little structural heterogeneity, which will impact future wildlife habitat. Since hydrology is a critical driver of wetland processes, the ability of a given conservation practice to restore wetland hydrology is a key determinant of how well it can restore ecosystem services. However, there is little to no follow‐up monitoring of projects, so it is difficult to know how much variability exists for any given practice or the efficacy of specific practices. Conservation practices that only plant trees without reconnecting the wetland to the hydrologic and nutrient fluxes in the watershed may restore some wildlife habitat but will do little for regulating services such as nitrogen retention. While conservation practices have overall beneficial effects on many ecosystem services in the MAV, the most effective are those with a direct link between the actions associated with a given practice and controls over ecosystem processes and services.
","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/10-0592.1","usgsCitation":"Faulkner, S., Barrow, W., Keeland, B., Walls, S.E., and Telesco, D., 2011, Effects of conservation practices on wetland ecosystem services in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. sp1, p. s31-s48, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0592.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"s31","endPage":"s48","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee ","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.52783203125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 35.04798673426734\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 34.14363482031264\n ],\n [\n -92.0654296875,\n 31.85889704445453\n ],\n [\n -92.17529296875,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 29.477861195816843\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 30.50548389892728\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 31.372399104880525\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 32.43561304116276\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -88.52783203125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"sp1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen 0000-0001-5295-1383 faulkners@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":146152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","email":"faulkners@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":168953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeland, Bob","contributorId":218479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeland","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":769357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walls, Susan E. 0000-0001-7391-9155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":209862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Telesco, David","contributorId":218480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Telesco","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70256787,"text":"70256787 - 2011 - Ecosystem services provided by playas in the High Plains: potential influences of USDA conservation programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-09T16:33:46.545535","indexId":"70256787","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-01T09:14:05","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem services provided by playas in the High Plains: potential influences of USDA conservation programs","docAbstract":"Playas are shallow depressional wetlands and the dominant wetland type in the non-glaciated High Plains of the United States. This region is one of the most intensively cultivated regions in the Western Hemisphere, and playas are profoundly impacted by a variety of agricultural activities. Conservation practices promoted through Farm Bills by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that influence playas and surrounding catchments impact ecosystem functions and related services provided by wetlands in this region. As part of a national assessment, we review effects of agricultural cultivation and effectiveness of USDA conservation programs and practices on ecosystem functions and associated services of playas. Services provided by playas are influenced by hydrological function, and unlike other wetland types in the United States, hydrological function of playas is impacted more by accumulated sediments than drainage. Most playas with cultivated catchments have lost greater than 100% of their volume from sedimentation causing reduced hydroperiods. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has the largest influence on playa catchments (the High Plains has >2.8 million ha), and associated sedimentation, of any USDA program. Unfortunately, most practices applied under CRP did not consider restoration of playa ecosystem function as a primary benefit, but rather established dense exotic grass in the watersheds to reduce soil erosion. Although this has reduced soil erosion, few studies have investigated its effects on playa hydrological function and services. Our review demonstrates that the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) has seldom been applied in the High Plains outside of south-central Nebraska. However, this is the primary program that exists within the USDA allowing conservation practices that restore wetland hydrology such as sediment removal. In addition to sediment removal, this practice has the greatest potential effect on improving hydrologic function by reducing sedimentation in vegetative buffer strips. We estimate that a 50-m native-grass buffer strip could improve individual playa hydroperiods by up to 90 days annually, enhancing delivery of most natural playa services. The potential for restoration of playa services using USDA programs is extensive, but only if WRP and associated practices are promoted and playas are considered an integral part of CRP contracts.
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S82-S92, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1133.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"S82","endPage":"S92","ipdsId":"IP-121660","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11244/321258","text":"External Repository"},{"id":433633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"High Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.00717954750166,\n 42.491418601608046\n ],\n [\n -106.00717954750166,\n 31.281299035066382\n ],\n [\n -99.88771786947859,\n 31.281299035066382\n ],\n [\n -99.88771786947859,\n 42.491418601608046\n ],\n [\n -106.00717954750166,\n 42.491418601608046\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"sp1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Loren M.","contributorId":191878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":912759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMurry, Scott T.","contributorId":344063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMurry","given":"Scott T.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, David","contributorId":344064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willis","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99133,"text":"ds573 - 2011 - Tillage practices in the conterminous United States, 1989-2004: Datasets aggregated by watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T19:09:50.82379","indexId":"ds573","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"573","title":"Tillage practices in the conterminous United States, 1989-2004: Datasets aggregated by watershed","docAbstract":"This report documents the methods used to aggregate county-level tillage practices to the 8-digit hydrologic unit (HU) watershed. The original county-level data were collected by the Conservation Technology Information Center (CTIC). The CTIC collects tillage data by conducting surveys about tillage systems for all counties in the United States. Tillage systems include three types of conservation tillage (no-till, ridge-till, and mulch-till), reduced tillage, and intensive tillage. Total planted acreage for each tillage practice for each crop grown is reported to the CTIC. The dataset includes total planted acreage by tillage type for selected crops (corn, cotton, grain sorghum, soybeans, fallow, forage, newly established permanent pasture, spring and fall seeded small grains, and 'other' crops) for 1989-2004. Two tabular datasets, based on the 1992 enhanced and 2001 National Land Cover Data (NLCD), are provided as part of this report and include the land-cover area-weighted interpolation and aggregation of acreage for each tillage practice in each 8-digit HU watershed in the conterminous United States for each crop. Watershed aggregations were done by overlying the 8-digit HU polygons with a raster of county boundaries and a raster of either the enhanced 1992 or the 2001 NLCD for cultivated land to derive a county/land-cover area weighting factor. The weighting factor then was applied to the county-level tillage data for the counties within each 8-digit HU and summed to yield the total acreage of each tillage type within each 8-digit HU watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds573","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment ProgramPrepared in cooperation with the Conservation Technology Information Center","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., 2011, Tillage practices in the conterminous United States, 1989-2004: Datasets aggregated by watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 573, Report: iv, 12 p.; 3 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds573.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 3 Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99127,"text":"sir20105260 - 2011 - Regional skew for California, and flood frequency for selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, based on data through water year 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20105260","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5260","title":"Regional skew for California, and flood frequency for selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, based on data through water year 2006","docAbstract":"Improved flood-frequency information is important throughout California in general and in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin in particular, because of an extensive network of flood-control levees and the risk of catastrophic flooding. A key first step in updating flood-frequency information is determining regional skew. A Bayesian generalized least squares (GLS) regression method was used to derive a regional-skew model based on annual peak-discharge data for 158 long-term (30 or more years of record) stations throughout most of California. The desert areas in southeastern California had too few long-term stations to reliably determine regional skew for that hydrologically distinct region; therefore, the desert areas were excluded from the regional skew analysis for California. Of the 158 long-term stations used to determine regional skew, 145 have minimally regulated annual-peak discharges, and 13 stations are dam sites for which unregulated peak discharges were estimated from unregulated daily maximum discharge data furnished by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Station skew was determined by using an expected moments algorithm (EMA) program for fitting the Pearson Type 3 flood-frequency distribution to the logarithms of annual peak-discharge data.\r\n\r\nThe Bayesian GLS regression method previously developed was modified because of the large cross correlations among concurrent recorded peak discharges in California and the use of censored data and historical flood information with the new expected moments algorithm. In particular, to properly account for these cross-correlation problems and develop a suitable regression model and regression diagnostics, a combination of Bayesian weighted least squares and generalized least squares regression was adopted. This new methodology identified a nonlinear function relating regional skew to mean basin elevation. The regional skew values ranged from -0.62 for a mean basin elevation of zero to 0.61 for a mean basin elevation of 11,000 feet. This relation between skew and elevation reflects the interaction of snow with rain, which increases with increased elevation. The equivalent record length for the new regional skew ranges from 52 to 65 years of record, depending upon mean basin elevation. The old regional skew map in Bulletin 17B, published by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data (1982), reported an equivalent record length of only 17 years.\r\n\r\nThe newly developed regional skew relation for California was used to update flood frequency for the 158 sites used in the regional skew analysis as well as 206 selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin. For these sites, annual-peak discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years were determined on the basis of data through water year 2006. The expected moments algorithm was used for determining the magnitude and frequency of floods at gaged sites by using regional skew values and using the basic approach outlined in Bulletin \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105260","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Forest Service\r\n","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., Veilleux, A., Stedinger, J., Barth, N., Knifong, D.L., and Ferris, J., 2011, Regional skew for California, and flood frequency for selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, based on data through water year 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5260, vi, 40 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105260.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5260.jpg"},{"id":14576,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.5,38 ], [ -124.5,42 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -120,38 ], [ -124.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea","contributorId":65212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stedinger, J.R.","contributorId":90733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barth, N.A.","contributorId":31512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":99120,"text":"ds575 - 2011 - Endocrine active chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals of concern in surface water, wastewater-treatment plant effluent, and bed sediment, and biological characteristics in selected streams, Minnesota: Design, methods, and data, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T20:53:40.339098","indexId":"ds575","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"575","title":"Endocrine active chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals of concern in surface water, wastewater-treatment plant effluent, and bed sediment, and biological characteristics in selected streams, Minnesota: Design, methods, and data, 2009","docAbstract":"This report presents the study design, environmental data, and quality-assurance data for an integrated chemical and biological study of selected streams or lakes that receive wastewater-treatment plant effluent in Minnesota. This study was a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Cloud State University, the University of St. Thomas, and the University of Colorado. The objective of the study was to identify distribution patterns of endocrine active chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other organic and inorganic chemicals of concern indicative of wastewater effluent, and to identify biological characteristics of estrogenicity and fish responses in the same streams.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed water, bed-sediment, and quality-assurance samples, and measured or recorded streamflow once at each sampling location from September through November 2009. Sampling locations included surface water and wastewater-treatment plant effluent. Twenty-five wastewater-treatment plants were selected to include continuous flow and periodic release facilities with differing processing steps (activated sludge or trickling filters) and plant design flows ranging from 0.002 to 10.9 cubic meters per second (0.04 to 251 million gallons per day) throughout Minnesota in varying land-use settings. Water samples were collected from the treated effluent of the 25 wastewater-treatment plants and at one point upstream from and one point downstream from wastewater-treatment plant effluent discharges. Bed-sediment samples also were collected at each of the stream or lake locations. Water samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pharmaceuticals, phytoestrogens and pharmaceuticals, alkylphenols and other neutral organic chemicals, carboxylic acids, and steroidal hormones. A subset (25 samples) of the bed-sediment samples were analyzed for carbon, wastewater-indicator chemicals, and steroidal hormones; the remaining samples were archived.\r\n\r\nBiological characteristics were determined by using an in-vitro bioassay to determine total estrogenicity in water samples and a caged fish study to determine characteristics of fish from experiments that exposed fish to wastewater effluent in 2009. St. Cloud State University deployed and processed caged fathead minnows at 13 stream sites during September 2009 for the caged fish study. Measured fish data included length, weight, body condition factor, and vitellogenin concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds575","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Cloud State University, University of St. Thomas, and the University of Colorado","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Langer, S.K., Barber, L.B., Writer, J.H., Ferrey, M.L., Schoenfuss, H.L., Furlong, E.T., Foreman, W., Gray, J.L., ReVello, R., Martinovic, D., Woodruff, O.R., Keefe, S.H., Brown, G.K., Taylor, H.E., Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., 2011, Endocrine active chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals of concern in surface water, wastewater-treatment plant effluent, and bed sediment, and biological characteristics in selected streams, Minnesota: Design, methods, and data, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 575, x, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds575.","productDescription":"x, 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wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"ReVello, Rhiannon C. rcrevell@usgs.gov","contributorId":4128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ReVello","given":"Rhiannon C.","email":"rcrevell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Martinovic, Dalma","contributorId":96162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinovic","given":"Dalma","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Woodruff, Olivia R.","contributorId":105179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Keefe, Steffanie H. 0000-0002-3805-6101 shkeefe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-6101","contributorId":2843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"Steffanie","email":"shkeefe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Brown, Greg K.","contributorId":8554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ferrer, Imma","contributorId":68606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"Imma","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":99112,"text":"ofr20111037 - 2011 - Multiple technologies applied to characterization of the porosity and permeability of the Biscayne aquifer, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:46","indexId":"ofr20111037","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1037","title":"Multiple technologies applied to characterization of the porosity and permeability of the Biscayne aquifer, Florida","docAbstract":"Research is needed to determine how seepage-control actions planned by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) will affect recharge, groundwater flow, and discharge within the dual-porosity karstic Biscayne aquifer where it extends eastward from the Everglades to Biscayne Bay. A key issue is whether the plan can be accomplished without causing urban flooding in adjacent populated areas and diminishing coastal freshwater flow needed in the restoration of the ecologic systems. Predictive simulation of groundwater flow is a prudent approach to understanding hydrologic change and potential ecologic impacts. A fundamental problem to simulation of karst groundwater flow is how best to represent aquifer heterogeneity. Currently, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) researchers and academic partners are applying multiple innovative technologies to characterize the spatial distribution of porosity and permeability within the Biscayne aquifer. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111037","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K., and Sukop, M., 2011, Multiple technologies applied to characterization of the porosity and permeability of the Biscayne aquifer, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1037, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111037.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1037.gif"},{"id":14563,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, K.J.","contributorId":39852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sukop, M.C.","contributorId":88468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukop","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236112,"text":"70236112 - 2011 - Vadose zone controls on weathering intensity and depth: Observations from grussic saprolites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T15:55:57.327952","indexId":"70236112","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-22T10:51:19","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vadose zone controls on weathering intensity and depth: Observations from grussic saprolites","docAbstract":"An investigation of vadose zone weathering processes has been undertaken on grussic saprolites developed on Californian granitoids. Preliminary results indicate strong climatic control, through infiltration, on the depth and intensity of weathering. At sites with higher infiltration, the vadose zone is comprehensively altered to grussic saprolite and saprock. Conversely, lower infiltration sites display only thin grussic saprolites, strongly influenced by rock texture. Both vadose zone and weathering depth appear to be governed by local base level, and vadose zone hydrology exerts a fundamental control on the effective operation and relative dominance of the key weathering reactions. In zones of matrix permeability, oxidation of biotite comprehensively disaggregates the rock but results in little mass loss and clay mineral formation. Conversely, the higher transient flow rates that characterize zones of fracture permeability result in plagioclase hydrolysis, significant mass losses and accompanying clay mineral formation. A variable hydrological regime may also contribute to high partial pressures of O2 in vadose zone pore waters and pore spaces, thereby enhancing the oxidative environment and further predisposing grussic saprolite formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.023","usgsCitation":"Goodfellow, B.W., Hilley, G., and Schulz, M., 2011, Vadose zone controls on weathering intensity and depth: Observations from grussic saprolites: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. Supplement, p. S36-S39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.023.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"S36","endPage":"S39","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodfellow, B. W.","contributorId":295907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodfellow","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilley, G.E.","contributorId":40396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilley","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, Marjorie S. 0000-0001-5597-6447 mschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-6447","contributorId":3720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Marjorie S.","email":"mschulz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99107,"text":"fs20113023 - 2011 - The USA National Phenology Network; taking the pulse of our planet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:53","indexId":"fs20113023","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3023","title":"The USA National Phenology Network; taking the pulse of our planet","docAbstract":"People have tracked phenology for centuries and for the most practical reasons: it helped them know when to hunt and fish, when to plant and harvest crops, and when to navigate waterways. Now phenology is being used as a tool to assess climate change and its effects on both natural and modified ecosystems. \r\n\r\nHow is the timing of events in plant and animal life cycles, like flowering or migration, responding to climate change? And how are those responses, in turn, affecting people and ecosystems? \r\n\r\nThe USA National Phenology Network (the Network) is working to answer these questions for science and society by promoting a broad understanding of plant and animal phenology and their relationship to environmental change. The Network is a consortium of organizations and individuals that collect, share, and use phenology data, models, and related information to enable scientists, resource managers, and the public to adapt in response to changing climates and environments. In addition, the Network encourages people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology as a way to discover and explore the nature and pace of our dynamic world. \r\n\r\nThe National Coordinating Office (NCO) of the Network is a resource center that facilitates and encourages widespread collection, integration, and sharing of phenology data and related information (for example, meteorological and hydrological data). The NCO develops and promotes standardized methods for field data collection and maintains several online user interfaces for data upload and download, as well as data exploration, visualization, and analysis. The NCO also facilitates basic and applied research related to phenology, the development of decision-support tools for resource managers and planners, and the design of educational and outreach materials \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113023","collaboration":"USA National Phenology Network \r\n","usgsCitation":"Weltzin, J., 2011, The USA National Phenology Network; taking the pulse of our planet: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3023, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113023.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3023.gif"},{"id":14558,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F.","contributorId":51005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99108,"text":"sir20115032 - 2011 - Potential effects of groundwater pumping on water levels, phreatophytes, and spring discharges in Spring and Snake Valleys, White Pine County, Nevada, and adjacent areas in Nevada and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20115032","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5032","title":"Potential effects of groundwater pumping on water levels, phreatophytes, and spring discharges in Spring and Snake Valleys, White Pine County, Nevada, and adjacent areas in Nevada and Utah","docAbstract":"Assessing hydrologic effects of developing groundwater supplies in Snake Valley required numerical, groundwater-flow models to estimate the timing and magnitude of capture from streams, springs, wetlands, and phreatophytes. Estimating general water-table decline also required groundwater simulation. The hydraulic conductivity of basin fill and transmissivity of basement-rock distributions in Spring and Snake Valleys were refined by calibrating a steady state, three-dimensional, MODFLOW model of the carbonate-rock province to predevelopment conditions. Hydraulic properties and boundary conditions were defined primarily from the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) model except in Spring and Snake Valleys. This locally refined model was referred to as the Great Basin National Park calibration (GBNP-C) model. Groundwater discharges from phreatophyte areas and springs in Spring and Snake Valleys were simulated as specified discharges in the GBNP-C model. These discharges equaled mapped rates and measured discharges, respectively.\r\nRecharge, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity were distributed throughout Spring and Snake Valleys with pilot points and interpolated to model cells with kriging in geologically similar areas. Transmissivity of the basement rocks was estimated because thickness is correlated poorly with transmissivity. Transmissivity estimates were constrained by aquifer-test results in basin-fill and carbonate-rock aquifers.\r\nRecharge, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity distributions of the GBNP-C model were estimated by minimizing a weighted composite, sum-of-squares objective function that included measurement and Tikhonov regularization observations. Tikhonov regularization observations were equations that defined preferred relations between the pilot points. Measured water levels, water levels that were simulated with RASA, depth-to-water beneath distributed groundwater and spring discharges, land-surface altitudes, spring discharge at Fish Springs, and changes in discharge on selected creek reaches were measurement observations.\r\nThe effects of uncertain distributed groundwater-discharge estimates in Spring and Snake Valleys on transmissivity estimates were bounded with alternative models. Annual distributed groundwater discharges from Spring and Snake Valleys in the alternative models totaled 151,000 and 227,000 acre-feet, respectively and represented 20 percent differences from the 187,000 acre-feet per year that discharges from the GBNP-C model. Transmissivity estimates in the basin fill between Baker and Big Springs changed less than 50 percent between the two alternative models.\r\nPotential effects of pumping from Snake Valley were estimated with the Great Basin National Park predictive (GBNP-P) model, which is a transient groundwater-flow model. The hydraulic conductivity of basin fill and transmissivity of basement rock were the GBNP-C model distributions. Specific yields were defined from aquifer tests. Captures of distributed groundwater and spring discharges were simulated in the GBNP-P model using a combination of well and drain packages in MODFLOW. Simulated groundwater captures could not exceed measured groundwater-discharge rates.\r\nFour groundwater-development scenarios were investigated where total annual withdrawals ranged from 10,000 to 50,000 acre-feet during a 200-year pumping period. Four additional scenarios also were simulated that added the effects of existing pumping in Snake Valley. Potential groundwater pumping locations were limited to nine proposed points of diversion. Results are presented as maps of groundwater capture and drawdown, time series of drawdowns and discharges from selected wells, and time series of discharge reductions from selected springs and control volumes.\r\nSimulated drawdown propagation was attenuated where groundwater discharge could be captured. General patterns of groundwater capture and water-table declines were similar for all scenarios. Simulated drawdowns greater than 1 ft propagated outside of Spring and Snake Valleys after 200 years of pumping in all scenarios.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service\r\n","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., and Plume, R.W., 2011, Potential effects of groundwater pumping on water levels, phreatophytes, and spring discharges in Spring and Snake Valleys, White Pine County, Nevada, and adjacent areas in Nevada and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5032, vi, 50 p.; Appendixes A-G ZIP; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E; Appendix F; Appendix G; Appendix H, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115032.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.; Appendixes A-G ZIP; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E; Appendix F; Appendix G; Appendix H","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5032.jpg"},{"id":14559,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,35 ], [ -117,42 ], [ -111,42 ], [ -111,35 ], [ -117,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plume, Russell W. rwplume@usgs.gov","contributorId":2303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plume","given":"Russell","email":"rwplume@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99102,"text":"sim3147 - 2011 - Potentiometric surface in the Central Oklahoma (Garber-Wellington) aquifer, Oklahoma, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sim3147","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3147","title":"Potentiometric surface in the Central Oklahoma (Garber-Wellington) aquifer, Oklahoma, 2009","docAbstract":"A study of the hydrogeology of the Central Oklahoma aquifer was started in 2008 to provide the Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB) hydrogeologic data and a groundwater flow model that can be used as a tool to help manage the aquifer. The 1973 Oklahoma water law requires the OWRB to do hydrologic investigations of Oklahoma's aquifers (termed 'groundwater basins') and to determine amounts of water that may be withdrawn by permitted water users. 'Maximum annual yield' is a term used by OWRB to describe the total amount of water that can be withdrawn from a specific aquifer in any year while allowing a minimum 20-year life of the basin (Oklahoma Water Resources Board, 2010). Currently (2010), the maximum annual yield has not been determined for the Central Oklahoma aquifer. Until the maximum annual yield determination is made, water users are issued a temporary permit by the OWRB for 2 acre-feet/acre per year. The objective of the study, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, was to study the hydrogeology of the Central Oklahoma aquifer to provide information that will enable the OWRB to determine the maximum annual yield of the aquifer based on different proposed management plans. Groundwater flow models are typically used by the OWRB as a tool to help determine the maximum annual yield.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the potentiometric surface of the Central Oklahoma aquifer based on water-level data collected in 2009 as part of the current (2010) hydrologic study. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-724 by Christenson and others (1992) presents the 1986-87 potentiometric-surface map. This 1986-87 potentiometric-surface map was made as part of the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment pilot project for the Central Oklahoma aquifer that examined the geochemical and hydrogeological processes operating in the aquifer. An attempt was made to obtain water-level measurements for the 2009 potentiometric-surface map from the wells used for the 1986-87 potentiometric-surface map. Well symbols with circles on the 2009 potentiometric-surface map (fig. 1) indicate wells that were used for the 1986-87 potentiometric-surface map. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3147","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Mashburn, S.L., and Magers, J., 2011, Potentiometric surface in the Central Oklahoma (Garber-Wellington) aquifer, Oklahoma, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3147, Map Sheet: 25.02 inches x 28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3147.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 25.02 inches x 28 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3147.gif"},{"id":14553,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3147/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.75,34.75 ], [ -97.75,36 ], [ -96.5,36 ], [ -96.5,34.75 ], [ -97.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bfe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mashburn, Shana L. 0000-0001-5163-778X shanam@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-778X","contributorId":2140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mashburn","given":"Shana","email":"shanam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magers, Jessica","contributorId":36667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magers","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9000632,"text":"ofr20101325A - 2011 - The effects of sediment and mercury mobilization in the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek confluence area, Nevada County, California: Concentrations, speciation, and environmental fate – Part 1: Field characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T20:43:44.201582","indexId":"ofr20101325A","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1325","chapter":"A","title":"The effects of sediment and mercury mobilization in the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek confluence area, Nevada County, California: Concentrations, speciation, and environmental fate – Part 1: Field characterization","docAbstract":"Millions of pounds of mercury (Hg) were deposited in the river and stream channels of the Sierra Nevada from placer and hard-rock mining operations in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The resulting contaminated sediments are relatively harmless when buried and isolated from the overlying aquatic environment. The entrained Hg in the sediment constitutes a potential risk to human and ecosystem health should it be reintroduced to the actively cycling portion of the aquatic system, where it can become methylated and subsequently bioaccumulated in the food web. Each year, sediment is mobilized within these fluvial systems during high stormflows, transporting hundreds of tons of Hg-laden sediment downstream. The State of California and resource-management agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service, are concerned about additional disturbances, such as from suction gold dredging activities, which have the potential to mobilize Hg associated with buried sediment layers elevated in Hg that are otherwise likely to remain buried under normal storm conditions.
The BLM initiated a study looking at the feasibility of removing Hg-contaminated sediment at the confluence of the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek in the northern Sierra Nevada of California by using standard suction-dredge technology. Additionally, the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) supported a comprehensive characterization of the intended dredge site. Together, the BLM and SWRCB supported a comprehensive characterization of Hg contamination at the site and the potential effects of sediment disturbance at locations with historical hydraulic mining debris on downstream environments. The comprehensive study consisted of two primary components: field studies and laboratory experiments. The field component, described in this report, had several study elements: 1) a preliminary, smallscale, in-stream dredge test; 2) comprehensive characterization of grain size distribution, Hg speciation, and mineralogy of bed and suspended sediment; 3) a determination of the past and current sources of sediment in the study area; 4) an assessment of Hg bioaccumulation in the local invertebrate population; and 5) a comparison of potential Hg transport caused by natural storm disturbances with potential Hg mobilization caused by suction dredging as a method of Hg removal at the study site. The laboratory component of the study assessed the potential influence of the disturbance of Hg-contaminated sediment through experiments designed to simulate in-stream transport, deposition, and potential methylation of Hg, described in a companion report (see Marvin-DiPasquale and others, 2011).
Results of the field studies indicate that the fine-grained fraction (silt-clay, less than 0.063 millimeters) contains the greatest concentration of Hg in contaminated sediment. Because the fine-grained fraction is the most susceptible to longrange fluvial transport, disturbance of Hg-contaminated sediment is likely to increase the concentration and load of Hg in downstream waters. The preliminary, small-scale dredge test showed an increase in the concentration of fine particles and Hg in the water column caused by the dredge activity, despite relatively low concentrations of fine particles and Hg (about 300 nanograms per gram) at the dredge site. Characterization of sediment from two test pits and other sites in the vicinity of the confluence of the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek revealed a highly variable distribution of fine- and coarse-grained sediment. The highest levels of Hg contamination (up to 11,100 ng/g) were associated with the fine-grained fraction of sediment from the bedrock contact zone of Pit 2, a horizon which also yielded grains of gold and gold-Hg amalgam.
A closed-circuit tank experiment with a venturi dredge at the base of Pit 1, in a gravel bar within the South Yuba River, resulted in fine-grained suspended sediment remaining in suspension more than 40 hours following the disturbance simulation. Although the volumetric concentration of Hg declined over time as particles settled out, the concentration of Hg on the suspended particles increased over time as the suspended material became finer grained, because Hg is preferentially adsorbed on to clay-sized particles. Mineralogical and chemical analyses indicated that the buried fine-grained material with the greatest Hg contamination was derived from hydraulic mining debris, which consist primarily of Eocene gravels mined in the Malakoff Diggins, North Bloomfield, and Lake City areas within the South Yuba River watershed. Coarse material and more recently deposited sediment were derived primarily from upstream sources on the South Yuba River.
The biota assessment indicated that invertebrate taxa collected from all sites on the South Yuba River in 2007, including lower Humbug Creek, had elevated concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) compared to a reference site on the Bear River, upstream of mining effects. Differences with the reference site were less pronounced in 2008 when a significant reduction in MeHg concentrations was observed in biota across all taxa from concentrations in 2007. It is possible that the inter-annual variation was related to the fact that suction dredging was active in the South Yuba River in 2007 but not in 2008 when a local moratorium was imposed by the BLM. There were significant variations among taxa for both THg and MeHg concentrations, with the water striders (Gerridae) having the highest concentrations of both THg and MeHg; variation among sites was not as strong as between years or among taxa. These results suggest that additional monitoring would be helpful to investigate the possible linkage between variations in MeHg bioaccumulation and levels of suction dredge activity in areas of historical gold mining.
Results from the field studies indicate that disturbance of the finegrained Hg-contaminated sediment would likely lead to enhanced mobilization of Hg to downstream environments; therefore, the use of suction dredging to remove Hg at the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek confluence area would likely result in enhanced Hg transport downstream relative to natural conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101325A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fleck, J., Alpers, C.N., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Hothem, R.L., Wright, S., Ellett, K., Beaulieu, E., Agee, J.L., Kakouros, E., Kieu, L.H., Eberl, D.D., Blum, A.E., and May, J., 2011, The effects of sediment and mercury mobilization in the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek confluence area, Nevada County, California: Concentrations, speciation, and environmental fate – Part 1: Field characterization: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1325, xii, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101325A.","productDescription":"xii, 95 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-09-01","temporalEnd":"2009-06-01","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1325_a.jpg"},{"id":19223,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1325A/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403436,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94820.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Nevada County","otherGeospatial":"South Yuba River and Humbug Creek confluence area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.9414,\n 39.3344\n ],\n [\n -120.9272,\n 39.3344\n ],\n [\n -120.9272,\n 39.3383\n ],\n [\n -120.9414,\n 39.3383\n ],\n [\n -120.9414,\n 39.3344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ellett, Kevin","contributorId":66398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellett","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beaulieu, Elizabeth","contributorId":6571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaulieu","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Agee, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-5964-5079 jlagee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-5079","contributorId":2586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kakouros, Evangelos 0000-0002-4778-4039 kakouros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-4039","contributorId":2587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"Evangelos","email":"kakouros@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kieu, Le H. lkieu@usgs.gov","contributorId":25115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieu","given":"Le","email":"lkieu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Blum, Alex E. aeblum@usgs.gov","contributorId":2845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Alex","email":"aeblum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":99085,"text":"sir20105261 - 2011 - Water budgets and groundwater volumes for abandoned underground mines in the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania: Preliminary estimates with identification of data needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T22:39:01.124677","indexId":"sir20105261","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5261","title":"Water budgets and groundwater volumes for abandoned underground mines in the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania: Preliminary estimates with identification of data needs","docAbstract":"This report, prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PaDEP), the Eastern Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation, and the Dauphin County Conservation District, provides estimates of water budgets and groundwater volumes stored in abandoned underground mines in the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield, which encompasses an area of 120 square miles in eastern Pennsylvania. The estimates are based on preliminary simulations using a groundwater-flow model and an associated geographic information system that integrates data on the mining features, hydrogeology, and streamflow in the study area. The Mahanoy and Shamokin Creek Basins were the focus of the study because these basins exhibit extensive hydrologic effects and water-quality degradation from the abandoned mines in their headwaters in the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield. Proposed groundwater withdrawals from the flooded parts of the mines and stream-channel modifications in selected areas have the potential for altering the distribution of groundwater and the interaction between the groundwater and streams in the area.\r\nPreliminary three-dimensional, steady-state simulations of groundwater flow by the use of MODFLOW are presented to summarize information on the exchange of groundwater among adjacent mines and to help guide the management of ongoing data collection, reclamation activities, and water-use planning. The conceptual model includes high-permeability mine voids that are connected vertically and horizontally within multicolliery units (MCUs). MCUs were identified on the basis of mine maps, locations of mine discharges, and groundwater levels in the mines measured by PaDEP. The locations and integrity of mine barriers were determined from mine maps and groundwater levels. The permeability of intact barriers is low, reflecting the hydraulic characteristics of unmined host rock and coal.\r\nA steady-state model was calibrated to measured groundwater levels and stream base flow, the latter at many locations composed primarily of discharge from mines. Automatic parameter estimation used MODFLOW-2000 with manual adjustments to constrain parameter values to realistic ranges. The calibrated model supports the conceptual model of high-permeability MCUs separated by low-permeability barriers and streamflow losses and gains associated with mine infiltration and discharge. The simulated groundwater levels illustrate low groundwater gradients within an MCU and abrupt changes in water levels between MCUs. The preliminary model results indicate that the primary result of increased pumping from the mine would be reduced discharge from the mine to streams near the pumping wells. The intact barriers limit the spatial extent of mine dewatering. Considering the simulated groundwater levels, depth of mining, and assumed bulk porosity of 11 or 40 percent for the mined seams, the water volume in storage in the mines of the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield was estimated to range from 60 to 220 billion gallons, respectively.\r\nDetails of the groundwater-level distribution and the rates of some mine discharges are not simulated well using the preliminary model. Use of the model results should be limited to evaluation of the conceptual model and its simulation using porous-media flow methods, overall water budgets for the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield, and approximate storage volumes. Model results should not be considered accurate for detailed simulation of flow within a single MCU or individual flooded mine. Although improvements in the model calibration were possible by introducing spatial variability in permeability parameters and adjusting barrier properties, more detailed parameterizations have increased uncertainty because of the limited data set.\r\nThe preliminary identification of data needs includes continuous streamflow, mine discharge rate, and groundwater levels in the mines and adjacent areas. Data collected whe","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Eastern Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation, and Dauphin County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., Cravotta, C.A., Hornberger, R.J., Hewitt, M.A., Hughes, R.E., Koury, D.J., and Eicholtz, L., 2011, Water budgets and groundwater volumes for abandoned underground mines in the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania: Preliminary estimates with identification of data needs: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5261, vii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105261.","productDescription":"vii, 54 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5261.png"},{"id":410516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95039.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Columbia County, Northumberland County, Schuylkill County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.8333,\n 40.7042\n ],\n [\n -76.8333,\n 40.8653\n ],\n [\n -76.0431,\n 40.8653\n ],\n [\n -76.0431,\n 40.7042\n ],\n [\n -76.8333,\n 40.7042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. 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The USGS installed and operated a station to collect continuous (30-minute interval) rainfall and evapotranspiration data in southwest Medina County approximately 14 miles southwest of D'Hanis, Texas, and 23 miles northwest of Pearsall, Texas. Rainfall data were collected by using an 8-inch tipping bucket raingage. Meteorological and surface-energy flux data used to calculate evapotranspiration were collected by using an extended Open Path Eddy Covariance system from Campbell Scientific, Inc. Data recorded by the system were used to calculate evapotranspiration by using the eddy covariance and Bowen ratio closure methods and to analyze the surface energy budget closure. During August 2006-December 2009 (excluding days of missing record), measured rainfall totaled 86.85 inches. In 2007, 2008, and 2009, annual rainfall totaled 40.98, 12.35, and 27.15 inches, respectively. The largest monthly rainfall total, 12.30 inches, occurred in July 2007. During August 2006-December 2009, evapotranspiration calculated by using the eddy covariance method totaled 69.91 inches. Annual evapotranspiration calculated by using the eddy covariance method totaled 34.62 inches in 2007, 15.24 inches in 2008, and 15.57 inches in 2009. During August 2006-December 2009, evapotranspiration calculated by using the Bowen ratio closure method (the more refined of the two datasets) totaled 68.33 inches. Annual evapotranspiration calculated by using the Bowen ratio closure method totaled 32.49, 15.54, and 15.80 inches in 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively (excluding days of missing record).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/ds554","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District","usgsCitation":"Slattery, R.N., Asquith, W.H., and Ockerman, D.J., 2011, Rainfall and evapotranspiration data for southwest Medina County, Texas, August 2006-December 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 554, viii, 28 p.; Download Files: Appendix 1.1; Appendix 1.2; Appendix 1.3; Appendix 1.4, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds554.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p.; Download Files: Appendix 1.1; Appendix 1.2; Appendix 1.3; Appendix 1.4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-08-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_554.png"},{"id":14536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/554/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.5,28.916666666666668 ], [ -99.5,29.416666666666668 ], [ -99,29.416666666666668 ], [ -99,28.916666666666668 ], [ -99.5,28.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64984b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slattery, Richard N. 0000-0002-9141-9776 rnslatte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9776","contributorId":2471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Richard","email":"rnslatte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003883,"text":"70003883 - 2011 - Classifying the water table at regional to continental scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T14:45:20","indexId":"70003883","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-05T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classifying the water table at regional to continental scales","docAbstract":"Water tables at regional to continental scales can be classified into two distinct types: recharge-controlled water tables that are largely disconnected from topography and topography-controlled water tables that are closely tied to topography. We use geomatic synthesis of hydrologic, geologic and topographic data sets to quantify and map water-table type over the contiguous United States using a dimensionless criterion introduced by Haitjema and Mitchell-Bruker (2005), called the water-table ratio, which differentiates water-table type. Our analysis indicates that specific regions of the United States have broadly contiguous and characteristic water-table types. Water-table ratio relates to water-table depth and the potential for regional groundwater flow. In regions with recharge-controlled water tables, for example the Southwest or Rocky Mountains, USA, water-tables depths are generally greater and more variable and regional groundwater flow is generally more important as a percentage of the watershed budget. Water-table depths are generally shallow and less variable, and regional groundwater flow is limited in areas with topography-controlled water tables such as the Northeast USA. The water-table ratio is a simple but powerful criterion for evaluating regional groundwater systems over broad areas.
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]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleeson, Tom","contributorId":42694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gleeson","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marklund, Lars","contributorId":102995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marklund","given":"Lars","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Leslie","contributorId":52307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 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corridor","docAbstract":"Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data may often be hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on a gravel bar were performed to investigate the origins of SP signals at a restored river section of the Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. The SP mapping and subsequent inversion of the data indicate that the SP sources are mainly located in the upper few meters in regions of soil cover rather than bare gravel. Wavelet analyses of the time-series indicate a strong, but non-linear influence of water table and water content variations, as well as rainfall intensity on the recorded SP signals. Modeling of the SP response with respect to an increase in the water table elevation and precipitation indicate that the distribution of soil properties in the vadose zone has a very strong influence. We conclude that the observed SP responses on the gravel bar are more complicated than previously proposed semi-empiric relationships between SP signals and hydraulic head or the thickness of the vadose zone. We suggest that future SP monitoring in restored river corridors should either focus on quantifying vadose zone processes by installing vertical profiles of closely spaced SP electrodes or by installing the electrodes within the river to avoid signals arising from vadose zone processes and time-varying electrochemical conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hess-15-729-2011","usgsCitation":"Linde, N., Doetsch, J., Jougnot, D., Genoni, O., Durst, Y., Minsley, B.J., Vogt, T., Pasquale, N., and Luster, J., 2011, Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 15, p. 729-742, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"729","endPage":"742","ipdsId":"IP-025719","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Switzerland","otherGeospatial":"Lake Constance, Neunforn, Thur catchment, Thur valley aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 9.40155029296875,\n 47.09630525444073\n ],\n [\n 9.4207763671875,\n 47.210240027362104\n ],\n [\n 9.47021484375,\n 47.253135632244216\n ],\n [\n 9.5361328125,\n 47.32579231609051\n ],\n [\n 9.53338623046875,\n 47.364873807434094\n ],\n [\n 9.61578369140625,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n 9.64599609375,\n 47.43923470537306\n ],\n [\n 9.667968749999998,\n 47.468949677672484\n ],\n [\n 9.805297851562498,\n 47.522765270504436\n ],\n [\n 9.77783203125,\n 47.615421267605434\n ],\n [\n 9.503173828125,\n 47.720849190702324\n ],\n [\n 9.0692138671875,\n 47.84265762816538\n ],\n [\n 8.9373779296875,\n 47.82975208084834\n ],\n [\n 8.882446289062498,\n 47.743017409121826\n ],\n [\n 8.89068603515625,\n 47.67093619422418\n ],\n [\n 8.84674072265625,\n 47.645036570200226\n ],\n [\n 8.7945556640625,\n 47.645036570200226\n ],\n [\n 8.712158203125,\n 47.63948497925488\n ],\n [\n 8.6517333984375,\n 47.63023101663225\n ],\n [\n 8.61602783203125,\n 47.62097541515849\n ],\n [\n 8.56109619140625,\n 47.58393661978134\n ],\n [\n 8.640747070312498,\n 47.511635534978225\n ],\n [\n 8.67919921875,\n 47.43366127871628\n ],\n [\n 9.04998779296875,\n 47.225164175678934\n ],\n [\n 9.40155029296875,\n 47.09630525444073\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c7e4b0d1f9f05067eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linde, N.","contributorId":37545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doetsch, J.","contributorId":35131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doetsch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jougnot, D.","contributorId":102697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jougnot","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Genoni, O.","contributorId":7918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genoni","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durst, Y.","contributorId":20989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vogt, T.","contributorId":66925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pasquale, N.","contributorId":43991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasquale","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Luster, J.","contributorId":51101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luster","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70043495,"text":"70043495 - 2011 - Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) Approach for Estimating Landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T13:58:50","indexId":"70043495","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":680,"text":"Agricultural Water Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) Approach for Estimating Landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r2 improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r2 from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agricultural Water Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.014","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Budde, M.E., and Verdin, J.P., 2011, Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) Approach for Estimating Landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model: Agricultural Water Management, v. 98, no. 4, p. 606-618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.014.","startPage":"606","endPage":"618","ipdsId":"IP-016651","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267572,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.014"}],"country":"United States","volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f6714e4b03b29402c5dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budde, Michael E. 0000-0002-9098-2751 mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":3007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042434,"text":"70042434 - 2011 - Cumuilative Effects of Impoundments on the Hydrology of Riparian Wetlands along the Marmaton River, west-central Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T08:33:42","indexId":"70042434","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cumuilative Effects of Impoundments on the Hydrology of Riparian Wetlands along the Marmaton River, west-central Missouri","docAbstract":"The effects of proposed impoundments and resulting streamflow regulation on riparian wetlands in the Marmaton River Basin, Missouri, USA were determined using measurements and numerical simulations of wetland water budgets. Calibrated and validated Soil-Plant-Air-Water (SPAW) models were used to simulate daily water depths of four riparian wetlands for Current (model scenario of existing impoundments) and Proposed (model scenario of existing and proposed impoundments) impoundment conditions. The simulated frequency of flooding decreased 19–65% at the wetlands following the additions of proposed impoundments. The reduced flooding resulted in decreases in wetland water depths at all sites during the 10 simulated growing seasons under Proposed conditions with an average duration of continuous water-depth declines of 289 days at the upstream (most regulated) site. Downstream wetlands within the zone of least regulation had an average duration of water level decreases of about 20 days. Decreased water levels under Proposed conditions resulted in a range of 65–365 additional dry days at the study wetlands during the simulated 10-year period of Proposed conditions. The areas of the four wetlands meeting the hydrologic criteria of a formal jurisdictional wetland definition decreased ranging from zero to 31% under Proposed impoundment conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-010-0121-z","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., and Krempa, H., 2011, Cumuilative Effects of Impoundments on the Hydrology of Riparian Wetlands along the Marmaton River, west-central Missouri: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 1, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0121-z.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","ipdsId":"IP-017126","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267990,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0121-z"}],"country":"United States","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f318e4b04edf7e93f879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krempa, Heather M.","contributorId":35612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krempa","given":"Heather M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99062,"text":"sir20115007 - 2011 - Predicting lake trophic state by relating Secchi-disk transparency measurements to Landsat-satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, 2003-05 and 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T16:12:15","indexId":"sir20115007","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5007","title":"Predicting lake trophic state by relating Secchi-disk transparency measurements to Landsat-satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, 2003-05 and 2007-08","docAbstract":"Inland lakes are an important economic and environmental resource for Michigan. The U.S. Geological Survey and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment have been cooperatively monitoring the quality of selected lakes in Michigan through the Lake Water Quality Assessment program. Sampling for this program began in 2001; by 2010, 730 of Michigan’s 11,000 inland lakes are expected to have been sampled once. Volunteers coordinated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment began sampling lakes in 1974 and continue to sample (in 2010) approximately 250 inland lakes each year through the Michigan Cooperative Lakes Monitoring Program. Despite these sampling efforts, it still is impossible to physically collect measurements for all Michigan inland lakes; however, Landsat-satellite imagery has been used successfully in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and elsewhere to predict the trophic state of unsampled inland lakes greater than 20 acres by producing regression equations relating in-place Secchi-disk measurements to Landsat bands. This study tested three alternatives to methods previously used in Michigan to improve results for predicted statewide Trophic State Index (TSI) computed from Secchi-disk transparency (TSI (SDT)). The alternative methods were used on 14 Landsat-satellite scenes with statewide TSI (SDT) for two time periods (2003– 05 and 2007–08). Specifically, the methods were (1) satellitedata processing techniques to remove areas affected by clouds, cloud shadows, haze, shoreline, and dense vegetation for inland lakes greater than 20 acres in Michigan; (2) comparison of the previous method for producing a single open-water predicted TSI (SDT) value (which was based on an area of interest (AOI) and lake-average approach) to an alternative Gethist method for identifying open-water areas in inland lakes (which follows the initial satellite-data processing and targets the darkest pixels, representing the deepest water, before regression equations are created); and (3) checking to see whether the predicted TSI (SDT) values compared well between two regression equations, one previously used in Michigan and an alternative equation from the hydrologic literature.
The combination of improved satellite-data processing techniques and the Gethist method to identify open-water areas in inland lakes during 2003–05 and 2007–08 provided a stronger relation and statistical significance between predicted TSI (SDT) and measured TSI than did the AOI lake-average method; differences in results for the two methods were significant at the 99-percent confidence level. With regard to the comparison of the regression equations, there were no statistically significant differences at the 95-percent confidence level between results from the two equations. The previously used equation, in combination with the Gethist method, yielded coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.71 and 0.77 for the periods 2003–05 and 2007–08, respectively. The alternative equation, in combination with the Gethist method, yielded R2 values of 0.74 and 0.75 for 2003–05 and 2007–08, respectively. Predicted TSI (SDT) and measured TSI (SDT) values for lakes used in the regression equations compared well, with R2 values of 0.95 and 0.96 for predicted TSI (SDT) for 2003–05 and 2007–08, respectively. The R2 values for statewide predicted TSI (SDT) for all inland lakes with available open-water areas for 2003–05 and 2007–08 were 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. Although the two equations predicted similar trophic-state classes, the alternative equation is planned to be used for future prediction of TSI (SDT) values for Michigan inland lakes, to promote consistency in comparing predicted values between States and for potential use in trend analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115007","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment","usgsCitation":"Fuller, L.M., Jodoin, R., and Minnerick, R., 2011, Predicting lake trophic state by relating Secchi-disk transparency measurements to Landsat-satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, 2003-05 and 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5007, Report: viii, 18 p.; Appendixes 1 and 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115007.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 18 p.; Appendixes 1 and 2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5007.gif"},{"id":14507,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jodoin, R.S.","contributorId":19681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodoin","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minnerick, R. J.","contributorId":52255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minnerick","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99057,"text":"fs20113019 - 2011 - Assessing groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T13:36:43","indexId":"fs20113019","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3019","title":"Assessing groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program is conducting an assessment of groundwater availability throughout the United States to gain a better understanding of the status of the Nation's groundwater resources and how changes in land use, water use, and climate may affect those resources. The goal of this National assessment is to improve our ability to forecast water availability for future economic and environmental uses. Assessments will be completed for the Nation's principal aquifer systems to help characterize how much water is currently available, how water availability is changing, and how much water we can expect to have in the future (Reilly and others, 2008).\r\n\r\nThe concept of groundwater availability is more than just how much water can be pumped from any given aquifer. Groundwater availability is a function of many factors, including the quantity and quality of water and the laws, regulations, economics, and environmental factors that control its use. The primary objective of the North Atlantic Coastal Plain groundwater-availability study is to identify spatial and temporal changes in the overall water budget by more fully determining the natural and human processes that control how water enters, moves through, and leaves the groundwater system. Development of tools such as numerical models can help hydrologists gain an understanding of this groundwater system, allowing forecasts to be made about the response of this system to natural and human stresses, and water quality and ecosystem health to be analyzed, throughout the region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113019","collaboration":"The USGS Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Pope, J.P., Monti, J., and Nardi, M.R., 2011, Assessing groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3019, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113019.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":327,"text":"Groundwater Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14502,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3019.gif"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,34 ], [ -76,43 ], [ -72,43 ], [ -72,34 ], [ -76,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672ab9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monti, Jack Jr. jmonti@usgs.gov","contributorId":1185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monti","given":"Jack","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jmonti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nardi, Mark R. 0000-0002-7310-8050 mrnardi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-8050","contributorId":1859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nardi","given":"Mark","email":"mrnardi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99053,"text":"sir20115011 - 2011 - Flood hydrology and dam-breach hydraulic analyses of four reservoirs in the Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:44:59","indexId":"sir20115011","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5011","title":"Flood hydrology and dam-breach hydraulic analyses of four reservoirs in the Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Extensive information about the construction of dams or potential downstream hazards in the event of a dam breach is not available for many small reservoirs within the Black Hills National Forest. In 2009, the U.S. Forest Service identified the need for reconnaissance-level dam-breach assessments for four of these reservoirs within the Black Hills National Forest (Iron Creek, Horsethief, Lakota, and Mitchell Lakes) with the potential to flood downstream structures. Flood hydrology and dam-breach hydraulic analyses for the four selected reservoirs were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Forest service to estimate the areal extent of downstream inundation. Three high-flow breach scenarios were considered for cases when the dam is in place (overtopped) and when a dam break (failure) occurs: the 100-year recurrence 24-hour precipitation, 500-year recurrence peak flow, and the probable maximum precipitation. Inundation maps were developed that show the estimated extent of downstream floodwaters from simulated scenarios. Simulation results were used to determine the hazard classification of a dam break (high, significant, or low), based primarily on the potential for loss of life or property damage resulting from downstream inundation because of the flood surge.
The inflow design floods resulting from the two simulated storm events (100-year 24-hour and probable maximum precipitation) were determined using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). The inflow design flood for the 500-year recurrence peak flow was determined by using regional regression equations developed for streamflow-gaging stations with similar watershed characteristics. The step-backwater hydraulic analysis model, Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), was used to determine water-surface profiles of in-place and dam-break scenarios for the three inflow design floods that were simulated. Inundation maps for in-place and dam-break scenarios were developed for the area downstream from the dam to the mouth of each stream.
Dam-break scenarios for three of the four reservoirs assessed in this study were rated as low hazards owing to absence of permanent structures downstream from the dams. Iron Creek Lake's downstream channel to its mouth does not include any permanent structures within the inundation flood plains. For the two reservoirs with the largest watershed areas, Lakota and Mitchell Lake, the additional floodwater surge resulting from a dam break would be minor relative to the magnitude of the large flood streamflow into the reservoirs, based on the similar areal extent of inundation for the in-place and dam-break scenarios as indicated by the developed maps. A dam-break scenario at Horsethief Lake is rated as a significant hazard because of potential lives-in-jeopardy in downstream dwellings and appreciable economic loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Hoogestraat, G., 2011, Flood hydrology and dam-breach hydraulic analyses of four reservoirs in the Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5011, vi, 24 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115011.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5011.jpg"},{"id":14498,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills National Forest, Horsethief Lake, Iron Creek Lake, Lakota Lake, Mitchell Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,43.75 ], [ -104,44.5 ], [ -103,44.5 ], [ -103,43.75 ], [ -104,43.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K.","contributorId":22442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99052,"text":"fs20103117 - 2011 - Biochar for soil fertility and natural carbon sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-09T15:29:01","indexId":"fs20103117","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3117","title":"Biochar for soil fertility and natural carbon sequestration","docAbstract":"Biochar is charcoal (similar to chars generated by forest fires) that is made for incorporation into soils to increase soil fertility while providing natural carbon sequestration. The incorporation of biochar into soils can preserve and enrich soils and also slow the rate at which climate change is affecting our planet. Studies on biochar, such as those cited by this report, are applicable to both fire science and soil science.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103117","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C., and Rutherford, D., 2011, Biochar for soil fertility and natural carbon sequestration: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3117, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103117.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":341,"text":"Hydrology Branch of Hydrologic Research","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3117.png"},{"id":14497,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624b3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}