This report has been prepared at the request of the Kansas Water Resources Board under provisions of a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey dated July 1, 1966, for water-resources investigations.
The Kansas Water Resources Board has been advised of a recent serious degradation of the low-water channel of the lower Kansas River below Bonner Springs and has requested information on the following: (1) magnitude of change in regimen of the stream, (2) causes for the change including sand removal, change in sediment load, or change in the regimen of the Missouri River downstream, and (3) future change.
The requested information, presented herein, is based on the streamflow, stage, and sediment data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey; stage, sediment, and profile data collected by the U.S. Corps of Engineers; and sand removal data provided by the State of Kansas. -Photographs of the reach are shown in plates 1 and 2, and locations of the various features are shown in figure 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6793","usgsCitation":"Furness, L., Albert, C., and Leonard, R.B., 1967, Kansas River, Bonner Springs to mouth - Degradation of channel: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-93, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6793.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.88719940185547,\n 39.0421195689398\n ],\n [\n -94.60739135742188,\n 39.0421195689398\n ],\n [\n -94.60739135742188,\n 39.118341154165186\n ],\n [\n -94.88719940185547,\n 39.118341154165186\n ],\n [\n -94.88719940185547,\n 39.0421195689398\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b486c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furness, L.W.","contributorId":16908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furness","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albert, C.D.","contributorId":23923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":245587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leonard, R. B.","contributorId":32917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1224,"text":"wsp1839M - 1967 - A comparison of methods of estimating potential evapotranspiration from climatological data in arid and subhumid environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1839M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1839","chapter":"M","title":"A comparison of methods of estimating potential evapotranspiration from climatological data in arid and subhumid environments","docAbstract":"This study compared potential evapotranspiration, computed from climatological data by each of six empirical methods, with pan evaporation adjusted to equivalent lake evaporation by regional coefficients. The six methods tested were the Thornthwaite, U.S. Weather Bureau (a modification of the Permian method), Lowry-Johnson, Blaney-Criddle, Lane, and Hamon methods. The test was limited to 25 sites in the arid and subhumid parts of Arizona, California, and Nevada, where pan evaporation and concurrent climatological data were available. However, some of the sites lacked complete climatological data for the application of all six methods. Average values of adjusted pan evaporation and computed potential evapotransp4ration were compared for two periods---the calendar year and the 6-month period from May 1 through October 31. \r\n\r\nThe 25 sites sampled a wide range of climatic conditions. Ten sites (group 1) were in a highly arid environment and four (group 2) were in an arid environment that was modified by extensive irrigation. The remaining 11 sites (group 3) were in a subhumid environment. \r\n\r\nOnly the Weather Bureau method gave estimates of potential evapotranspiration that closely agreed with the adjusted pan evaporation at all sites where the method was used. However, lack of climatological data restricted the use of the Weather Bureau method to seven sites. Results obtained by use of the Thornthwaite, Lowry-Johnson, and Hamon methods were consistently low. Results obtained by use of the Lane method agreed with adjusted pan evaporation at the group 1 sites but were consistently high at the group 2 and 3 sites. During the analysis it became apparent that adjusted pan evaporation in an arid environment (group 1 sites) was a spurious standard for evaluating the reliability of .the methods that were tested. Group 1 data were accordingly not considered when making conclusions as ,to which of the six methods tested was best. \r\n\r\nThe results of this study for group 2 and 3 data indicated that the Blaney-Criddle method, which uses climatological data that can be readily obtained or deduced, was the most practical of the six methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration. At all 15 sites in the two environments, potential evapotranspiration computed by the Blaney-Criddle method checked the adjusted pan evaporation within ?22 percent. This percentage range is generally considered to be the range of reliability for estimating lake evaporation from evaporation pans.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1839M","usgsCitation":"Cruff, R., and Thompson, T.H., 1967, A comparison of methods of estimating potential evapotranspiration from climatological data in arid and subhumid environments: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1839, iv, 28 p. :ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1839M.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cruff, R.W.","contributorId":77510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruff","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, T. H.","contributorId":23927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4701,"text":"twri07A - 1967 - Instructions for using the punchcard system for the storage and retrieval of ground-water data. (NOTE: This publication is no longer maintained, USGS Library still has a copy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri07A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7","chapter":"A","title":"Instructions for using the punchcard system for the storage and retrieval of ground-water data. (NOTE: This publication is no longer maintained, USGS Library still has a copy)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/twri07A","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Lang, S.M., and Leonard, A.R., 1967, Instructions for using the punchcard system for the storage and retrieval of ground-water data. (NOTE: This publication is no longer maintained, USGS Library still has a copy) (1967): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 7, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill. ;26 cm. - No longer maintained, Library holds a copy, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri07A.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill. ;26 cm. - No longer maintained, Library holds a copy","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"1967","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e58fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lang, Solomon Max","contributorId":17471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"Solomon","email":"","middleInitial":"Max","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leonard, Alvin Riley","contributorId":102048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"Alvin","email":"","middleInitial":"Riley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2174,"text":"wsp1834 - 1967 - Geology and ground-water resources of Laramie County, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52033,"text":"ofr4995 - 1949 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water resources of the Cheyenne area, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr4995","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water resources of the Cheyenne area, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2174,"text":"wsp1834 - 1967 - Geology and ground-water resources of Laramie County, Wyoming","indexId":"wsp1834","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Laramie County, Wyoming"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T22:54:13.04712","indexId":"wsp1834","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1834","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Laramie County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Laramie County, an area of 2,709 square miles, is in the southeast corner of Wyoming. Rocks exposed there range in age from Precambrian to Recent. The most extensive aquifers in the county are the White River Formation of Oligocene age, which is as much as 500 feet thick and consists predominantly of siltstone ; the Arikaree Formation of Miocene age, which consists of as much as 450 feet of very fine grained to fine-grained sandstone; and the Ogallala Formation of Miocene and Pliocene age, which consists ,of as much as 330 feet of gravel, sand, silt, and some cobbles and boulders. These formations are capable of yielding large ,supplies of water locally. Terrace deposits of Quaternary age yield moderate .to large supplies of water in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the county. In the Federal well field, large yields of water from the White River Formation are obtained from gravel lenses. In the eastern part of the county near Pine Bluffs, large yields are obtained from openings in .the siltstone of the White River. Previous investigators reported that the large yields were obtained in areas where the formation is fractured and fissured. The authors of this report believe that .the large yields from siltstone in the White River Formation are from pipes, sometimes called natural tunnels, rather than from fractures ,or fissures. Little is known about the water-bearing properties of the pro-Tertiary aquifers in the county, but water derived from the pro-Tertiary formations would probably be of poor quality, except in the vicinity of the outcrop near the western edge of the county. Precipitation is the principal source of recharge to the ground-water reservoirs. About 5 percent of the annual precipitation, or about 108,400 acre-feet per year, is estimated to be recharged. Only a small amount of additional recharge is from streams. The general movement of ground water is eastward, and the average gradient of the water table is about 40 feet per mile. The total amount ,of ground water pumped from wells in Laramie County during 1964 is estimated to be 28,000 acre-feet; about 6,000 acre-feet was used for municipal and industrial supplies, about 17,000 acre-feet was used for irrigation in the Pine Bluffs-Carpenter area, and about 5,000 acre-feet was used for other purposes. The balance of the recharge (80,400 acre-feet) is estimated to be discharged by the following means: 20 percent by underflow, 20 percent by streamflow, and 60 percent by evapotranspiration. The coefficient of transmissibility of the Ogallala Formation, determined by averaging data from 28 pumping tests made in the Cheyenne municipal well field, is about 16,000 gallons per day per foot. However, this figure is an average of the more permeable zones, and the average coefficient of transmissibility of the Ogallala in the county is probably much less because of the heterogeneous character of the formation. A coefficient of transmissibility of 3,800 gallons per day per foot was calculated for the Ogallala, in the same vicinity that the pumping tests were made, by using a regional method of analysis. Although the average transmissibility of the Ogallala is considered to be low, large yields are obtained from gravel stringers and lenses in the formation. The maximum perennial yield from the Cheyenne well field is estimated to be about 1.6 billion gallons per year. Moderate to large yields of water can be obtained in the north-central part of the county where the saturated thickness of the Arikaree Formation, or combined Arikaree and Ogallala Formations, is 200 feet or more. Ground water has been developed throughout the county, but development has been intensive only in the Cheyenne municipal well fields near Cheyenne and Federal and in the Pine Bluffs lowland. The water level has been lowered as much as 40 feet in the Cheyenne well field and somewhat less in the Federal well field.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1834","usgsCitation":"Lowry, M.E., Crist, M.A., and Tilstra, J.R., 1967, Geology and ground-water resources of Laramie County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1834, Report: iv, 71 p.; 2 Plates: 39.50 × 28.18 inches and 38.00 × 28.15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1834.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 71 p.; 2 Plates: 39.50 × 28.18 inches and 38.00 × 28.15 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":27786,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1834/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27785,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1834/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27787,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1834/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":110025,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25039.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25039"},{"id":138197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1834/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Laramie County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.6506,41.651],[-104.6491,41.5656],[-104.0521,41.5654],[-104.052,41.3949],[-104.0526,41.0236],[-104.0528,41.0017],[-104.1399,41.0019],[-104.4725,41.0027],[-104.4875,41.0027],[-104.5606,41.0028],[-104.5679,41.0028],[-104.6087,41.0046],[-104.6134,41.0048],[-104.6337,41.0056],[-104.6648,41.0047],[-104.6837,41.0041],[-104.7013,41.0035],[-104.83,40.9996],[-104.8341,40.9996],[-104.9385,40.9995],[-104.9425,40.9995],[-105.1109,40.9993],[-105.2763,40.9998],[-105.2774,41.6567],[-105.1706,41.6535],[-105.0575,41.6537],[-104.9419,41.6537],[-104.6506,41.651]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Laramie\",\"state\":\"WY\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowry, Marlin E.","contributorId":52552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Marlin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crist, Marvin A.","contributorId":63376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crist","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tilstra, John R.","contributorId":44897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilstra","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2877,"text":"wsp1330H - 1967 - Water requirements of the iron and steel industry","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2877,"text":"wsp1330H - 1967 - Water requirements of the iron and steel industry","indexId":"wsp1330H","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Water requirements of the iron and steel industry"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:25:24","indexId":"wsp1330H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1330","chapter":"H","title":"Water requirements of the iron and steel industry","docAbstract":"Twenty-nine steel plants surveyed during 1957 and 1958 withdrew from various sources about 1,400 billion gallons of water annually and produced 40.8 million tons of ingot steel. This is equivalent to about 34,000 gallons of water per ton of steel. Fifteen iron ore mines and fifteen ore concentration plants together withdrew annually about 89,000 million gallons to produce 15 million tons of iron ore concentrate, or 5,900 gallons per ton of concentrate. About 97 percent of the water used in the steel plants came from surface sources, 2.2 percent was reclaimed sewage, and 1.2 percent was ground water. Steel plants supplied about 96 percent of their own water requirements, although only three plants used self-supplied water exclusively. Water used by the iron ore mines and concentration plants was also predominantly self supplied from surface source.
Water use in the iron and steel industry varied widely and depended on the availability of water, age and condition of plants and equipment, kinds of processes, and plant operating procedures. Gross water use in integrated steel plants ranged from 11,200 to 110,000 gallons per ton of steel ingots, and in steel processing plants it ranged from 4,180 to 26,700 gallons per ton. Water reuse also varied widely from 0 to 18 times in integrated steel plants and from 0 to 44 times in steel processing plants. Availability of water seemed to be the principal factor in determining the rate of reuse. Of the units within steel plants, a typical (median) blast furnace required 20,500 gallons of water per ton of pig iron. At the 1956-60 average rate of pig iron consumption, this amounts to about 13,000 gallons per ton of steel ingots or about 40 percent of that required by a typical integrated steel plant 33,200 gallons per ton. Different processes of iron ore concentration are devised specifically for the various kinds of ore. These processes result in a wide range of water use from 124 to 11,300 gallons of water per ton of iron ore concentrate. Water use in concentration plants is related to the physical state of the ore. The data in this report indicate that grain size of the ore is the most important factor; the very fine grained taconite and jasper required the greatest amount of water. Reuse was not widely practiced in the iron ore industry.
Consumption of water by integrated steel plants ranged from 0 to 2,010 gallons per ton of ingot steel and by steel processing plants from 120 to 3,420 gallons per ton. Consumption by a typical integrated steel plant was 681 gallons per ton of ingot steel, about 1.8 percent of the intake and about 1 percent of the gross water use. Consumption by a typical steel processing plant was 646 gallons per ton, 18 percent of the intake, and 3.2 percent of the gross water use.
The quality of available water was found not to be a critical factor in choosing the location of steel plants, although changes in equipment and in operating procedures are necessary when poor-quality water is used. The use of saline water having a concentration of dissolved solids as much as 10,400 ppm (parts per million) was reported. This very saline water was used for cooling furnaces and for quenching slag. In operations such as rolling steel in which the water comes into contact with the steel being processed, better quality water is used, although water containing as much as 3,410 ppm dissolved solids has been used for this purpose. Treatment of water for use in the iron and steel industry was not widely practiced. Disinfection and treatment for scale and corrosion control were the most frequently used treatment methods.
","largerWorkTitle":"Water requirements of selected industries","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1330H","usgsCitation":"Walling, F.B., and Otts, L.E., 1967, Water requirements of the iron and steel industry: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330, Report: iv, 54 p.; Plate: 23.50 x 14.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1330H.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 54 p.; Plate: 23.50 x 14.76 inches","startPage":"341","endPage":"394","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29511,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330h/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"1.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4"},{"id":29512,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330h/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":138986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330h/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f976b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walling, Faulkner B.","contributorId":84743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walling","given":"Faulkner","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otts, Louis Ethelbert Jr.","contributorId":75904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otts","given":"Louis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ethelbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38901,"text":"pp440D - 1967 - Composition of the Earth's crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:20","indexId":"pp440D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"440","chapter":"D","title":"Composition of the Earth's crust","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Data of geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp440D","usgsCitation":"Parker, R., 1967, Composition of the Earth's crust: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 440, p. D1-D19, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp440D.","productDescription":"p. D1-D19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0440d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0440d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a817a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, R. L.","contributorId":19170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221351,"text":"70221351 - 1967 - Shock effects in certain rock-forming minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T12:50:31.070123","indexId":"70221351","displayToPublicDate":"1967-12-01T07:46:30","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shock effects in certain rock-forming minerals","docAbstract":"Shock effects in quartz, plagioclase, biotite, amphibole, and some accessory minerals have been observed in rocks subjected to various degrees of meta morphism by meteoritic impact. The shock features described are unique; they are never observed in rocks from normal geologic environments. Such features are described:
1) Multiple sets of closely spaced planar microstructures occur in quartz, plagioclase, and other rock-forming minerals. Those characteristic of shock consist of alternating platelets, with a range of reduced mean index of re fraction and birefringence; they con sist of platelets that have been partially or completely transformed to an amor phous phase.
2) Quartz and plagioclase are selec tively and completely transformed to silica glass and plagioclase glass in the solid state, whereas the associated mafic minerals remained crystalline. There is no reaction between adjacent minerals.
3) High-pressure polymorphs occur, such as coesite or stishovite. Coesite oc Curs exclusively within silica glass; it has not been observed as a reaction or breakdown product.
4) Nickel-iron spherules occur in the fused glass or impactites.
5) The occurrence of droplets of ilmenite, rutile, pseudobrookite, and baddaleyite in impactites indicates a temperature of formation exceeding 150°C.
6) Dense glass occurs, similar in composition to bulk rock, in which iron oxide, such as fine particles of mag netite, is completely dissolved.
All these features are characteristic of a process involving the rapid rise and fall of extremiiely high pressures and temperatures. Minerals and mineral as semblages experiencing such high strain rates and sudden changes of pressures and temperatures react and change in dependently to the bulk chemical com position, under nonequilibrium condi tions.
Many aspects of shock features re quire careful study. Kink bands in biotite and deformation lamellae in quartz occur in tectonically deformed rocks. These features should be studied with great care in order to determine whether reduction in mean index of refraction and total birefringence along the planar structures have resulted from vitrification or phase transition; their presence is additional evidence in favor of a shock mechanism.
Vitreous phases or glasses formed by shock also have many unique prop erties; they have not been studied by such methods as thermoluminescence, electron spin resonance, low-angle x ray diffraction, or infrared spectroscopy. Shock-fused glass of high density needs to be studied in detail in carefully con trolled laboratory conditions.
Experimental shock-wave studies of the equation-of-state of single minerals and mineral assemblages, under care fully controlled conditions, must pre cede estimates of peak pressures and peak and residual temperatures of shocked natural mineral assemblages. Detailed petrographic and mineralogic studies, however, have provided useful and definitive criteria for characteriza tion of impact events. Such data should be of paramount importance in the study of samples brought back from Moon.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.156.3772.192","usgsCitation":"Chao, E.C., 1967, Shock effects in certain rock-forming minerals: Science, v. 156, no. 3772, p. 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3772.192.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"202","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","issue":"3772","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221313,"text":"70221313 - 1967 - New approaches to water‐resources investigations in upstate New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-09T18:00:54.224471","indexId":"70221313","displayToPublicDate":"1967-10-01T12:55:53","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New approaches to water‐resources investigations in upstate New York","docAbstract":"The scope of area1 investigations of water resources in New York has changed within the last 4 years. Prior 1962, most investigations covered only counties or smaller areas and were mainly restricted to ground‐water resources Since 1762, investigarions have covered largebasin (2,000‐4,000 square miles) with the purpose of defining total water resources so that basin‐wldc comprehensive plans for water development can be prepared. Ground water has been intensively studied in the basin investigations, both because of its large potential for future development, and becaus e of it sinterre lation with the surface‐water resources. The latter reason is particularly important because the principal aquifers are numerous u nconnect edglacials and andgravel deposits that are crossed by streams. This ground‐water regimen to a large degree determines the flow characteristics and water quality of streams. Conversely, streamflow data provide acon‐venient means of assessing ground‐water availability.Some approaches used in basin studies are: (1)(1) numerous quantitative and qualitative observations of low streamflow to define the principal areas of ground‐water discharge and to define the quantity and quality of discharging ground water (2)estimation of total ground‐water dischar gepas stream gages from daily streamflow records by correlation with ground‐water levels and by analysis of the records (3) assessment of recharge to particular sand and gravel deposit swith inbroadlimits, using the data on ground‐water discharge to streams (4) estimation of a daily chemical quality hydrograph on the basis of quantity and quality of both ground‐water discharge and overland runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01619.x","usgsCitation":"La Sala, A.M., 1967, New approaches to water‐resources investigations in upstate New York: Groundwater, v. 5, no. 4, p. 6-11, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01619.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"upstate New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.32202148437499,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -73.070068359375,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -73.070068359375,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -76.32202148437499,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -76.32202148437499,\n 42.97250158602597\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Sala, A. M. Jr.","contributorId":38199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Sala","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214101,"text":"70214101 - 1967 - Compilation of hydrologic data Green Creek, Brazos River basin, Texas, 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-13T13:26:07.152429","indexId":"70214101","displayToPublicDate":"1967-09-12T11:42:37","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Compilation of hydrologic data Green Creek, Brazos River basin, Texas, 1967","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood and soil erosion reducing measures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and \"Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found a total of 3,438 floodwater-retarding structures to be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1967, 1,196 of these structures had been built.
This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on the natural surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.
Hydrologic investigations of these small watersheds, both developed and undeveloped, were begun by the Geological Survey in 1951 and are now being made in 11 areas (fig. 1). These studies are being made in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas and the Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 11 study areas were chosen to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In four of the study areas (North, Little Elm, Mukewater, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses of the conditions \"before and after\" development. Structures have now been built in three of these study areas. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures in each study area as of September 30, 1967, is shown in table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70214101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Texas Water Development Board and Soil Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Compilation of hydrologic data Green Creek, Brazos River basin, Texas, 1967: Open-File Report, iii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70214101.","productDescription":"iii, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425045,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70214101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":425044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70214101/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.906004,28.076147],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.816443,28.174808],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.87675,29.507922],[-94.886539,29.510724]]],[[[-97.868235,26.056656],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.755242,26.3251],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.950186,26.380303],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.032316,26.412082],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.166742,26.536079],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.209948,26.693938],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.377312,26.973819],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.492407,27.264118],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.580006,27.602251],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.835127,27.762881],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.895828,27.904178],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.22363,28.235224],[-100.2462,28.234092],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.495863,28.658569],[-100.510055,28.690723],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-100.795681,29.22773],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.004207,29.364772],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.151877,29.477005],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.259127,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.922585,29.790161],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.559343,29.760377],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.879534,29.353327],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.944911,29.18882],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.989432,29.183174],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.035683,29.103029],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.156646,28.972831],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.239109,28.981651],[-103.260308,28.989731],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.341463,29.041224],[-103.355428,29.021529],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.471265,29.073115],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.233487,29.492734],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.824314,30.370466],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-105.002057,30.680972],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.113816,30.746001],[-105.152362,30.751452],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.255416,30.797029],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.779725,31.191283],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.929334,34.576714],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.399603,34.375079],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.318363,34.408296],[-99.289922,34.414731],[-99.264167,34.405149],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.233274,34.344101],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.048792,34.198209],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.952513,34.21265],[-98.909349,34.177499],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.749291,34.124238],[-98.735471,34.135208],[-98.696518,34.133521],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.603978,34.160249],[-98.577136,34.148962],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.384381,34.146317],[-98.367494,34.156191],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.114506,34.154727],[-98.09066,34.12198],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.099096,34.048639],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-97.978243,34.005387],[-97.947572,33.991053],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.955511,33.938186],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.877387,33.850236],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.589254,33.903922],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.365507,33.823763],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.315913,33.865838],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.24618,33.900344],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.179609,33.89225],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.203514,33.821825],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.979415,33.956178],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.837413,33.871349],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.704457,33.835021],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.630117,33.895422],[-96.592948,33.895616],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.625399,33.856542],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.523863,33.818114],[-96.502286,33.77346],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.294867,33.764771],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.138905,33.839159],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.101349,33.845721],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.936132,33.886826],[-95.831948,33.835161],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.75431,33.853992],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.556915,33.92702],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464211,33.873372],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.334523,33.885788],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.255747,33.902939],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-94.983303,33.851354],[-94.976208,33.859847],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.714865,33.707261],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.468086,33.599436],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.378076,33.577019],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.389515,33.546778],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.289129,33.582144],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.245932,33.589114],[-94.237975,33.577757],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.205634,33.567229],[-94.193248,33.556154],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.217408,33.57926],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.152626,33.575923],[-94.146048,33.581975],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.088943,33.575322],[-94.061283,33.568805],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.06548,33.550909],[-94.04604,33.551321],[-94.04272,31.999265],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.923929,31.88985],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.827451,31.777741],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802694,31.697783],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.725925,31.504092],[-93.74987,31.475276],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.665052,31.363886],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.516943,31.032584],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.611192,30.718053],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.684329,30.592586],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.708645,30.288317],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.70082,30.056274],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.89847,29.771577],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.866981,29.673085],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.766848,29.393489],[-94.6724,29.476843],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.783296,29.535314],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.915413,29.656614],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.982936,29.60167],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.192267,28.687744],[-96.19583,28.69894],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.61975,28.627693],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.402446,28.449066],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.772209,28.408074],[-96.794554,28.365688],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-96.962755,28.123365],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.219738,27.823939],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.544437,27.284175],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.45665,27.099695],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.468609,26.740915],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.41721,26.44982],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.382485,26.411326],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.387947,26.330481],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.335275,26.355672],[-97.336802,26.331753],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.236078],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.294054,26.11394],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.643708,26.016943],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.868235,26.056656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Texas\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":70208390,"text":"70208390 - 1967 - Standards for water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-06T15:32:41","indexId":"70208390","displayToPublicDate":"1967-04-30T15:29:42","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Standards for water quality","docAbstract":"The quality which is necessary depends on the use to which the water will be put. Because uses vary, so also must quality standards. Maintaining any level of quality presents a problem of cost and depends on variations in natural water characteristics, in time and space, and variations in volume and types of wastes. For quality standards appropriate to a given water body, hydrologic network data can provide duration curves of flow, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, dissolved solids, including nutrients (nitrates and phosphates), turbidity, temperature, and other significant chemical, physical, and biological parameters. Standards can then be expressed as occurrences in percentage of time or with respect to flow.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"World petroleum congress proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"World Petroleum Congress","conferenceDate":"Apr 2-9, 1967","conferenceLocation":"Mexico City, Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"Curran Associates","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L., 1967, Standards for water quality, in World petroleum congress proceedings, v. 1967, Mexico City, Mexico, Apr 2-9, 1967, p. 271-275.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"275","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1967","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna B.","contributorId":46582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221310,"text":"70221310 - 1967 - Plans of the U.S.Geological Survey, water resources division for research, investigations, and data collection in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-09T17:49:06.328407","indexId":"70221310","displayToPublicDate":"1967-04-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plans of the U.S.Geological Survey, water resources division for research, investigations, and data collection in ground water","docAbstract":"The Geological Survey has been the foremost agency in the investigation of ground‐water resources in the United States beginning about 1910. Most of the basic principles of modern ground‐water hydrology were developed in the Survey's program of cooperative investigations. Use of ground water in the United States in 1960 was about 17½ percent of all water uses, excluding water power. The use will probably increase, though at a decreasing rate. Although amount of use may level off, the need to know about it will not. While coordinating its activities with those of the Office of Water Data Coordination and the Office of Water Resources Research, the Survey expects to step up its work in all three areas of data collection, investigations, and research. However, there will be changes of emphasis. Collection of raw data will tend to stress key observation points, and more and more observation of temperature and quality, including contaminants. Investigations will be aimed at upgrading reconnaissance coverage to general coverage for most of the Nation. The areal basis will be stream drainage basins and special hydrologic terranes, rather than political units. There will be an increase in the preparation of analog models for representative ground‐water systems. In research, the problem‐oriented basis will continue. Stress will be on basic principles that pertain to artificial recharge, and the natural recharge and discharge of ground‐water reservoirs; and also on the application of geologic principles on a regional scale. These are critical elements in the management of surface‐water and ground‐water resources conjunctively in river basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01244.x","usgsCitation":"Upson, J., 1967, Plans of the U.S.Geological Survey, water resources division for research, investigations, and data collection in ground water: Groundwater, v. 5, no. 2, p. 13-19, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01244.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Upson, J. E.","contributorId":49342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221311,"text":"70221311 - 1967 - Plans of the U.S.Geological Survey, water resources division for research, investigations, and data collection in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T11:51:46.396788","indexId":"70221311","displayToPublicDate":"1967-04-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plans of the U.S.Geological Survey, water resources division for research, investigations, and data collection in ground water","docAbstract":"The Geological Survey has been the foremost agency in the investigation of ground‐water resources in the United States beginning about 1910. Most of the basic principles of modern ground‐water hydrology were developed in the Survey's program of cooperative investigations. Use of ground water in the United States in 1960 was about 17½ percent of all water uses, excluding water power. The use will probably increase, though at a decreasing rate. Although amount of use may level off, the need to know about it will not. While coordinating its activities with those of the Office of Water Data Coordination and the Office of Water Resources Research, the Survey expects to step up its work in all three areas of data collection, investigations, and research. However, there will be changes of emphasis. Collection of raw data will tend to stress key observation points, and more and more observation of temperature and quality, including contaminants. Investigations will be aimed at upgrading reconnaissance coverage to general coverage for most of the Nation. The areal basis will be stream drainage basins and special hydrologic terranes, rather than political units. There will be an increase in the preparation of analog models for representative ground‐water systems. In research, the problem‐oriented basis will continue. Stress will be on basic principles that pertain to artificial recharge, and the natural recharge and discharge of ground‐water reservoirs; and also on the application of geologic principles on a regional scale. These are critical elements in the management of surface‐water and ground‐water resources conjunctively in river basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01244.x","usgsCitation":"Upson, J., 1967, Plans of the U.S.Geological Survey, water resources division for research, investigations, and data collection in ground water: Groundwater, v. 5, no. 2, p. 13-19, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01244.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Upson, J. E.","contributorId":49342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047453,"text":"70047453 - 1967 - Temperature and water-quality conditions for the period July 1963 to December 1965, Patuxent River Estuary, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-19T13:13:44","indexId":"70047453","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-06T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Temperature and water-quality conditions for the period July 1963 to December 1965, Patuxent River Estuary, Maryland","docAbstract":"Graphs and tables obtained from continuous records of surface-water temperature from five stations for the period july 1963 through December 1965 and of surface, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, tide-stage, wind data and bottom temperature from a single station are presented herein. Effects of powerplant cooling water on water temperature were obvious at a station near the plant's discharge point. Surface-water density at the Patuxent River Bridge varied from 1.0033 to 1.0127 with least change during the period May to September. Salinity ranged from 3 to 16.5 parts per thousand. Average salinity in the spring of 1965 was double that of spring 1964. Turbidity was high during the winter, and peak values were obtained during prolonged periods of high wind velocities. Dissolved oxygen values ranged from 386 to 15.0 parts per million, and percentage saturation of oxygen from 49 to 144 percent. The extreme tidal range was 5.7 feet; mean water levels were highest in summer and lowest in winter and spring.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/70047453","usgsCitation":"Cory, R.L., and Nauman, J.W., 1967, Temperature and water-quality conditions for the period July 1963 to December 1965, Patuxent River Estuary, Maryland: Open-File Report, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047453.","productDescription":"72 p.","numberOfPages":"83","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277876,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047453/report.pdf"},{"id":276130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047453/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.709290,38.300176 ], [ -76.709290,38.638327 ], [ -76.389313,38.638327 ], [ -76.389313,38.300176 ], [ -76.709290,38.300176 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021ae9e4b0e21cafa49c97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cory, Robert L.","contributorId":77967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cory","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nauman, Jon W.","contributorId":56232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nauman","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202796,"text":"70202796 - 1967 - Basic data for three lacustrine clay deposits in the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-29T13:52:02","indexId":"70202796","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-01T14:51:45","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Basic data for three lacustrine clay deposits in the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, California","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70202796","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Croft, M., 1967, Basic data for three lacustrine clay deposits in the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, California: Open-File Report, Report: 44 p.; 1 Plate: 45.85 x 38.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70202796.","productDescription":"Report: 44 p.; 1 Plate: 45.85 x 38.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":362537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70202796/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":362538,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70202796/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":362539,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70202796/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","datum":"Mean sea level","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -118.25,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -118.25,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 34.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croft, M.G.","contributorId":55413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70110392,"text":"wdrIN661 - 1967 - Water resources data for Indiana, 1966","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T09:46:03","indexId":"wdrIN661","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-01T14:01:45","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-66-1","title":"Water resources data for Indiana, 1966","docAbstract":"The surface-water records for the 1966 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering states.
\nThe quality-of-water investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey are concerned with the chemical and physical characteristics of surface- and ground-water supplies of the Nation. The basic records for the 1966 water year for quality of surface waters within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience and interest, there are also records for a few water quality stations in bordering states.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN661","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Department of Natural Resources; Indiana State Board of Health; Indiana State Highway Commission; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Water resources data for Indiana, 1966: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-66-1, viii, 252 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN661.","productDescription":"viii, 252 p.","numberOfPages":"266","temporalStart":"1965-10-01","temporalEnd":"1966-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288275,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1966/in-66-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538052d2e4b0826cd5016a66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70270905,"text":"70270905 - 1967 - Water resources of the Guanica area, Puerto Rico: A preliminary appraisal, 1963","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-29T14:38:32.636793","indexId":"70270905","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-01T10:37:37","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources of the Guanica area, Puerto Rico: A preliminary appraisal, 1963","docAbstract":"Guánica and the lower Rio Loco valley lie between the extensive agricultural development in Lajas Valley to the west and the industrial development at Guayanilla to the east. Having a protected deep-water port, the Guánica area is particularly well suited to further development. The economic growth of the area depends, in important degree, on the amount of water available-water in the immediate area or water to be brought in from other areas.
The purpose of the study of the Guánica area was to evaluate the water supply in the immediate area. How much water is there? How much water moves through the area and what are the factors that control the movement? What is the composition of the water? And how much more water can be used?
The study itself took one year. Active data collection included measurements of streamflow, measurements of water levels in wells, measurements of well discharge, chemical analyses of surface and ground water, geologic reconnaissance, and considerable interviewing. Information for more than one year was obtained for rainfall and other weather data, well pumpage, water leaving Lago loco, and water used by the Southwestern Puerto Rico project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70270905","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico","usgsCitation":"McClymonds, N.E., 1967, Water resources of the Guanica area, Puerto Rico: A preliminary appraisal, 1963, Report: 43 p.; 2 Figures: 13.90 x 22.82 inches and 13.89 x 8.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70270905.","productDescription":"Report: 43 p.; 2 Figures: 13.90 x 22.82 inches and 13.89 x 8.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495081,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70270905/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":495080,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70270905/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":495082,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70270905/figure-7.pdf","text":"Figure 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":495079,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70270905/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","city":"Guanica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.41782863900221,\n 18.61812040597721\n ],\n [\n -67.41782863900221,\n 17.80333089063508\n ],\n [\n -65.56416750050371,\n 17.80333089063508\n ],\n [\n -65.56416750050371,\n 18.61812040597721\n ],\n [\n -67.41782863900221,\n 18.61812040597721\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClymonds, Neal E.","contributorId":360640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClymonds","given":"Neal","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":947337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010567,"text":"70010567 - 1967 - Pliocene geomagnetic polarity epochs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T13:06:15.955686","indexId":"70010567","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pliocene geomagnetic polarity epochs","docAbstract":"A paleomagnetic and K-Ar dating study of 44 upper Miocene and Pliocene volcanic units from the western United States suggests that the frequency of reversals of the earth's magnetic field during Pliocene time may have been comparable with that of the last 3.6 m.y. Although the data are too limited to permit the formal naming of any new polarity epochs or events, four polarity transitions have been identified: the W10 R/N boundary at 3.7 ± 0.1m.y., the A12 N/R boundary at 4.9 ± 0.1m.y., the W32 N/R boundary at 9.0 ± 0.2m.y., and the W36 R/N boundary at 10.8 ± 0.3 − 1.0m.y. The loss of absolute resolution of K-Ar dating in older rocks indicates that the use of well defined stratigraphic successions to identify and date polarity transitions will be important in the study of Pliocene and older reversals.
The northern part of the Ten Mile and Taunton River basins is an area of about 195 square miles within Norfolk, Plymouth, and Bristol Counties in southeastern Massachusetts. The northern boundary of the area (plate 1) is the drainage divide separating these basins from that of the Charles, Neponset, and Weymouth River basins. The western boundary is, for the most part, the divide separating the basins from the Blackstone River basin. The eastern boundary is at the edge of the Brockton-Pembroke area (Petersen, 1962; Petersen and Shaw, 1961). The southern boundary in Seekonk is the northern limit of the East Providence quadrangle, for which a ground-water map was prepared by Allen and Gorman (1959); eastward, the southern boundaries of the city of Attleboro and the towns of Norton, Easton, and West Bridgewater form the southern boundary of the area.
\nThis report is one of two prepared by the Geological Survey for the Water Resources Commission. The principal purpose of this report is to make available the basic data on which the other, a map showing availability of ground water, is based. This basic-data report also can be used by engineers, planners, and others interested in or responsible for water-resources planning to determine the materials to be encountered (tables 3 and 4) and the yields which may be obtained from wells and test holes (tables 1 and 2) in the stratified sand and gravel that are the principal source of ground water and in bedrock. Partial and complete chemical analyses (tables 7 and 8) of these test holes and of some privately-owned wells provide information on the general quality of the water for domestic and other uses. A tabulation of existing municipal supplies, their capacity, production (table 5), and chemical quality of the water (table 6) may be used for regional planning purposes. Water-level measurements (figure 1) can be used to determine the annual fluctuations of the water table in certain types of materials. Seismic work (table 9) in the Canoe River valley, Norton, and test drilling with a power augur (tables 2 and 4) were done for the Geological Survey as part of the investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.3133/70139641","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Water Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.R., and Willey, R.E., 1967, Northern part, Ten Mile and Taunton River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Massachusetts Hydrologic - Data Report 10, Report: 56 p.; 1 Map, https://doi.org/10.3133/70139641.","productDescription":"Report: 56 p.; 1 Map","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Taunton River, Ten Mile River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.378173828125,\n 41.87160608117939\n ],\n [\n -71.378173828125,\n 42.187829010590825\n ],\n [\n -70.9991455078125,\n 42.187829010590825\n ],\n [\n -70.9991455078125,\n 41.87160608117939\n ],\n [\n -71.378173828125,\n 41.87160608117939\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c1ae4b08de9379b3627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John R.","contributorId":107260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willey, Richard E.","contributorId":30972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011553,"text":"70011553 - 1967 - Preliminary lead isotope investigations of brine from the Red Sea, Galena from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and galena from United Arab Republic (Egypt)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T21:31:16.250408","indexId":"70011553","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary lead isotope investigations of brine from the Red Sea, Galena from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and galena from United Arab Republic (Egypt)","docAbstract":"The isotopic composition of lead in Red Sea chloride brine containing 0.5 ppm Pb is found to be similar to that of some Cenozoic ore leads such as galena at Rabigh in Saudi Arabia that may have formed during mineralization accompanying Tertiary rifting. Bir Ranga galena in Miocene sediments from United Arab Republic (Egypt) is also isotopically similar to lead in Red Sea brine. The chlorine brine must be considered a possible mineralizing fluid.
Lead isotopes show promise for use in mineral prospect evaluation in that galena from Samrah is isotopically similar to that from Mahd adh Dhahab, which has been the only ore producer in Saudi Arabia since 1945. Drilling at Samrah does indicate a possible economic mineralization.
The lead isotope data coupled with available geologic knowledge and geochronometry are used to tentatively divide the ore prospects of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia into relative categories of mineralization age. Two Mesozoic and Cenozoic mineralizations are distinguished on the basis of a 207Pb/204Pb difference; an early Paleozoic mineralization grouping is outlined; and a late Precambrian mineralization period is suggested.
The food and food preferences of sea lamprey ammocoetes have not been investigated. The food of the larval American brook lamprey, Lampetra lamottei, in the Great Lakes region consisted mainly of diatoms and desmids according to Creaser and Hann. Schroll discussed the biology of feeding of ammocoetes of Lampetra planeri and Eudontomyzon danfordi in Europe. This report presents data on the availability and use of diatoms by sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, ammocoetes in a small tributary of northern Lake Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1967)96[224:DAFOLS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Manion, P.J., 1967, Diatoms as food of larval sea lampreys in a small tributary of northern Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 96, no. 2, p. 224-226, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1967)96[224:DAFOLS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"226","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manion, Patrick J.","contributorId":99080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manion","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185811,"text":"70185811 - 1967 - Observations on unmeasured rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T11:22:27","indexId":"70185811","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1768,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on unmeasured rivers","docAbstract":"An analysis of data on hydraulic parameters collected during a single boat trip down a river system is presented, plotted in form of the hydraulic geometry. A dimensionless rating curve is used to estimate bankfull and average discharge for basins of various sizes. When compared with gaging station data, estimates of bankfull discharge are as consistent and possibly equal in accuracy to estimates made from gaging station data. Estimates of average discharge are less consistent; within the range of drainage areas represented by the gaging stations, errors of estimate vary from 0 to 58 percent. Local variations of bed material size along the river are compensated mostly by changes in local channel slope and roughness and do not much affect the progressive downstream changes in width, depth, or velocity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/520892","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Skibitzke, H.E., 1967, Observations on unmeasured rivers: Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, v. 49, no. 2, p. 247-255, https://doi.org/10.2307/520892.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"255","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc830e4b02ff32c685787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skibitzke, Herbert E.","contributorId":32142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skibitzke","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200881,"text":"wdrID661 - 1967 - Water resources data for Idaho, water year 1966; Part 1, Surface water records; Part 2, Water quality records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:48:31.768535","indexId":"wdrID661","displayToPublicDate":"1966-01-01T10:39:47","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"ID-66-1","title":"Water resources data for Idaho, water year 1966; Part 1, Surface water records; Part 2, Water quality records","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrID661","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Idaho and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Water resources data for Idaho, water year 1966; Part 1, Surface water records; Part 2, Water quality records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report ID-66-1, xi, 347 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrID661.","productDescription":"xi, 347 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382628,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1966/id-66-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1966/id-66-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.044156,43.020052],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-112.173352,41.996568],[-112.192976,42.001167],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-113.249159,41.996203],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-114.598267,41.994511],[-114.831077,42.002207],[-115.031783,41.996008],[-115.870181,41.996766],[-115.98688,41.998534],[-116.368478,41.996281],[-117.009255,41.998127],[-117.026222,42.000252],[-117.026871,43.832479],[-117.01077,43.862269],[-116.997391,43.864874],[-116.991415,43.863864],[-116.982347,43.86884],[-116.976024,43.895548],[-116.977332,43.905812],[-116.963666,43.921363],[-116.96247,43.928336],[-116.963666,43.952644],[-116.970241,43.958622],[-116.971436,43.964998],[-116.969842,43.967588],[-116.957527,43.972443],[-116.942944,43.987512],[-116.934485,44.021249],[-116.937342,44.029376],[-116.943361,44.035645],[-116.972504,44.048771],[-116.977351,44.085364],[-116.967203,44.090936],[-116.943132,44.09406],[-116.933704,44.100039],[-116.895931,44.154295],[-116.894083,44.160191],[-116.895757,44.171267],[-116.900103,44.176851],[-116.925392,44.191544],[-116.935443,44.193962],[-116.947591,44.191264],[-116.965498,44.194126],[-116.971675,44.197256],[-116.973945,44.225932],[-116.971958,44.235677],[-116.975905,44.242844],[-116.98687,44.245477],[-117.016921,44.245391],[-117.031862,44.248635],[-117.042283,44.242775],[-117.047062,44.229742],[-117.05303,44.229076],[-117.067284,44.24401],[-117.089503,44.258234],[-117.09457,44.270978],[-117.104208,44.27994],[-117.111617,44.280667],[-117.121037,44.277585],[-117.130904,44.269453],[-117.133984,44.262972],[-117.143394,44.258262],[-117.170342,44.25889],[-117.198147,44.273828],[-117.216974,44.288357],[-117.222647,44.297578],[-117.216795,44.308236],[-117.203323,44.313024],[-117.192203,44.32863],[-117.189769,44.336585],[-117.197339,44.347406],[-117.235117,44.373853],[-117.243027,44.390974],[-117.242675,44.396548],[-117.22698,44.405583],[-117.215072,44.427162],[-117.215573,44.453746],[-117.225758,44.477223],[-117.225076,44.482346],[-117.216372,44.48616],[-117.208936,44.485661],[-117.200237,44.492027],[-117.192494,44.503272],[-117.189759,44.513385],[-117.181583,44.52296],[-117.161033,44.525166],[-117.149242,44.536151],[-117.144161,44.545647],[-117.14293,44.557236],[-117.148255,44.564371],[-117.146032,44.568603],[-117.133963,44.57524],[-117.124754,44.583834],[-117.125267,44.593818],[-117.120522,44.614658],[-117.114754,44.624883],[-117.108231,44.62711],[-117.098221,44.640689],[-117.094968,44.652011],[-117.095868,44.664737],[-117.080772,44.684161],[-117.07912,44.692175],[-117.072221,44.700517],[-117.063824,44.703623],[-117.061799,44.706654],[-117.060454,44.721668],[-117.062273,44.727143],[-117.044217,44.74514],[-117.03827,44.748179],[-117.013802,44.756841],[-116.998903,44.756382],[-116.986502,44.762381],[-116.970902,44.773881],[-116.949001,44.777981],[-116.9347,44.783881],[-116.9307,44.789881],[-116.933799,44.796781],[-116.931099,44.804781],[-116.920498,44.81438],[-116.896249,44.84833],[-116.865338,44.870599],[-116.852427,44.887577],[-116.838467,44.923601],[-116.83199,44.933007],[-116.835702,44.940633],[-116.850737,44.958113],[-116.858313,44.978761],[-116.856754,44.984298],[-116.844625,45.001435],[-116.844796,45.015312],[-116.848037,45.021728],[-116.841314,45.030907],[-116.825133,45.03784],[-116.797329,45.060267],[-116.78371,45.076972],[-116.783537,45.093605],[-116.774847,45.105536],[-116.754643,45.113972],[-116.729607,45.142091],[-116.724188,45.162924],[-116.724205,45.171501],[-116.709536,45.203015],[-116.70975,45.217243],[-116.703607,45.239757],[-116.691388,45.263739],[-116.674493,45.276349],[-116.672163,45.288938],[-116.673793,45.321511],[-116.619057,45.39821],[-116.597447,45.41277],[-116.588195,45.44292],[-116.563985,45.460169],[-116.554829,45.46293],[-116.55498,45.472801],[-116.558803,45.480076],[-116.548676,45.510385],[-116.535482,45.525079],[-116.523638,45.54661],[-116.502756,45.566608],[-116.481943,45.577898],[-116.463635,45.602785],[-116.463504,45.615785],[-116.469813,45.620604],[-116.487894,45.649769],[-116.523961,45.677639],[-116.535396,45.691734],[-116.538014,45.714929],[-116.535698,45.734231],[-116.546643,45.750972],[-116.559444,45.755189],[-116.593004,45.778541],[-116.632032,45.784979],[-116.646342,45.779815],[-116.665344,45.781998],[-116.680139,45.79359],[-116.697192,45.820135],[-116.711822,45.826267],[-116.736268,45.826179],[-116.759787,45.816167],[-116.782676,45.825376],[-116.789066,45.833471],[-116.787792,45.844267],[-116.796051,45.858473],[-116.814142,45.877551],[-116.84355,45.892273],[-116.859795,45.907264],[-116.869655,45.923799],[-116.875706,45.945008],[-116.886843,45.958617],[-116.892935,45.974396],[-116.911409,45.988912],[-116.91718,45.996575],[-116.923005,46.018293],[-116.942656,46.061],[-116.957372,46.075449],[-116.978938,46.080007],[-116.981962,46.084915],[-116.982498,46.091347],[-116.978823,46.095731],[-116.959548,46.099058],[-116.955263,46.102237],[-116.951265,46.111161],[-116.950276,46.123464],[-116.922648,46.160744],[-116.92187,46.167808],[-116.965841,46.203417],[-116.96613,46.209453],[-116.956031,46.225976],[-116.955264,46.23088],[-116.966742,46.256923],[-116.991134,46.276342],[-116.990894,46.280372],[-116.98491,46.289738],[-116.986688,46.296662],[-116.99726,46.303151],[-117.007486,46.305302],[-117.020663,46.314793],[-117.022939,46.320175],[-117.023844,46.335976],[-117.030672,46.340315],[-117.055983,46.345531],[-117.06263,46.352522],[-117.062785,46.365287],[-117.046915,46.379577],[-117.035545,46.410012],[-117.034696,46.418318],[-117.039813,46.425425],[-117.039945,47.477823],[-117.042657,47.760857],[-117.041107,48.124904],[-117.035178,48.370878],[-117.032351,48.999188],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-116.04885,47.977186],[-116.03834,47.971318],[-116.030751,47.973349],[-115.998236,47.938779],[-115.993678,47.926183],[-115.982791,47.915994],[-115.969076,47.914256],[-115.959946,47.898142],[-115.939993,47.883153],[-115.919291,47.857406],[-115.906409,47.846261],[-115.900934,47.843064],[-115.881522,47.849672],[-115.870861,47.834939],[-115.852291,47.827991],[-115.845474,47.814967],[-115.848509,47.809331],[-115.847487,47.785227],[-115.84044,47.780172],[-115.837438,47.774846],[-115.835069,47.77006],[-115.835365,47.760957],[-115.831755,47.755785],[-115.824597,47.752154],[-115.803917,47.75848],[-115.797299,47.75752],[-115.780441,47.743447],[-115.783504,47.729305],[-115.776219,47.719818],[-115.77177,47.717412],[-115.758623,47.719041],[-115.752349,47.716743],[-115.730764,47.704426],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-115.726613,47.672093],[-115.73627,47.654762],[-115.72993,47.642442],[-115.708537,47.635356],[-115.694284,47.62346],[-115.689404,47.595402],[-115.706473,47.577299],[-115.721207,47.576323],[-115.734674,47.567401],[-115.746945,47.555293],[-115.747263,47.543197],[-115.741371,47.538645],[-115.71034,47.52951],[-115.708748,47.51264],[-115.694106,47.498634],[-115.686704,47.485596],[-115.653044,47.476035],[-115.654318,47.468077],[-115.663867,47.456936],[-115.671188,47.45439],[-115.69293,47.457237],[-115.718247,47.45316],[-115.728801,47.445159],[-115.731348,47.433381],[-115.728801,47.428925],[-115.718934,47.420967],[-115.69057,47.415059],[-115.657681,47.400651],[-115.648479,47.390293],[-115.644341,47.381826],[-115.639186,47.378605],[-115.617247,47.382521],[-115.578619,47.367007],[-115.570887,47.356375],[-115.551079,47.349856],[-115.548658,47.332213],[-115.531971,47.314121],[-115.526751,47.303219],[-115.51186,47.295219],[-115.487314,47.286518],[-115.470959,47.284873],[-115.457077,47.277794],[-115.428359,47.278722],[-115.410685,47.264228],[-115.371825,47.265213],[-115.3593,47.259461],[-115.339201,47.261623],[-115.326903,47.255912],[-115.324832,47.244841],[-115.317124,47.233305],[-115.298794,47.225245],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.29211,47.209861],[-115.300805,47.19393],[-115.300504,47.188139],[-115.286353,47.18327],[-115.261885,47.181742],[-115.255786,47.174725],[-115.255146,47.162876],[-115.243707,47.150347],[-115.223246,47.148974],[-115.200547,47.139154],[-115.189451,47.131032],[-115.172938,47.112881],[-115.170436,47.106265],[-115.140375,47.093013],[-115.136671,47.078276],[-115.120917,47.061237],[-115.107132,47.049041],[-115.102681,47.047239],[-115.098136,47.048897],[-115.087806,47.045519],[-115.071254,47.022083],[-115.066223,46.996375],[-115.057098,46.986758],[-115.049538,46.970774],[-115.031651,46.971548],[-115.028386,46.975659],[-115.001274,46.971901],[-115.00091,46.967703],[-114.986539,46.952099],[-114.960597,46.93001],[-114.929997,46.919625],[-114.927948,46.909948],[-114.936805,46.897378],[-114.931058,46.882108],[-114.931608,46.876799],[-114.938713,46.869021],[-114.943281,46.867971],[-114.947413,46.859324],[-114.940398,46.85605],[-114.928615,46.854815],[-114.92349,46.847594],[-114.92845,46.843242],[-114.927837,46.83599],[-114.920459,46.827697],[-114.904505,46.822851],[-114.897857,46.813184],[-114.888146,46.808573],[-114.880588,46.811791],[-114.864342,46.813858],[-114.861376,46.81196],[-114.860067,46.804988],[-114.856874,46.801633],[-114.835917,46.791111],[-114.829117,46.782503],[-114.808587,46.78235],[-114.79004,46.778729],[-114.765106,46.758153],[-114.76718,46.738828],[-114.773765,46.731805],[-114.779668,46.730411],[-114.788656,46.714033],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-114.751921,46.697207],[-114.740115,46.711771],[-114.713516,46.715138],[-114.699008,46.740223],[-114.696656,46.740572],[-114.649388,46.73289],[-114.632954,46.715495],[-114.620859,46.707415],[-114.623198,46.691511],[-114.631898,46.68397],[-114.641745,46.679286],[-114.642713,46.673145],[-114.635713,46.659375],[-114.621483,46.658143],[-114.614716,46.655256],[-114.611676,46.647704],[-114.616354,46.643646],[-114.615036,46.639733],[-114.593292,46.632848],[-114.583385,46.633227],[-114.561582,46.642043],[-114.547321,46.644485],[-114.498007,46.637655],[-114.486218,46.632829],[-114.466902,46.631695],[-114.45425,46.640974],[-114.453239,46.649266],[-114.424424,46.660648],[-114.410907,46.657466],[-114.394514,46.664846],[-114.360709,46.669059],[-114.332887,46.660756],[-114.32456,46.653579],[-114.320665,46.646963],[-114.322912,46.642938],[-114.322519,46.611066],[-114.333931,46.592162],[-114.334992,46.588154],[-114.331338,46.577781],[-114.33175,46.571914],[-114.339533,46.564039],[-114.348733,46.533792],[-114.349208,46.529514],[-114.342072,46.519679],[-114.351655,46.508119],[-114.35874,46.505306],[-114.375348,46.501855],[-114.385871,46.50437],[-114.395204,46.503148],[-114.400257,46.502143],[-114.403019,46.498675],[-114.400068,46.47718],[-114.394447,46.469549],[-114.383051,46.466402],[-114.379338,46.460166],[-114.376413,46.442983],[-114.384756,46.411784],[-114.408974,46.400438],[-114.422458,46.387097],[-114.411592,46.366688],[-114.410682,46.360673],[-114.413758,46.335945],[-114.433478,46.305502],[-114.425587,46.287899],[-114.427309,46.283624],[-114.441326,46.2738],[-114.453257,46.270939],[-114.465024,46.273127],[-114.470479,46.26732],[-114.468254,46.248796],[-114.451912,46.241253],[-114.449819,46.237119],[-114.443215,46.202943],[-114.445928,46.173933],[-114.478333,46.160876],[-114.489254,46.167684],[-114.514706,46.167726],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.5213,46.125287],[-114.488303,46.113106],[-114.474415,46.112515],[-114.460049,46.097104],[-114.461864,46.078571],[-114.468529,46.062484],[-114.492153,46.04729],[-114.494683,46.042546],[-114.493418,46.03717],[-114.490572,46.032427],[-114.480241,46.030325],[-114.473811,46.016614],[-114.477922,46.009025],[-114.47729,46.000802],[-114.470965,45.995742],[-114.425843,45.984984],[-114.411892,45.977883],[-114.409353,45.97141],[-114.403712,45.967049],[-114.402261,45.961489],[-114.404708,45.9559],[-114.423681,45.9441],[-114.431328,45.938023],[-114.431159,45.935737],[-114.413168,45.911479],[-114.404314,45.903497],[-114.395059,45.901458],[-114.387166,45.889164],[-114.388243,45.88234],[-114.409477,45.85164],[-114.44868,45.858891],[-114.470296,45.851343],[-114.498809,45.850676],[-114.509303,45.845531],[-114.517143,45.835993],[-114.512973,45.828825],[-114.544692,45.791447],[-114.555487,45.786249],[-114.566172,45.773864],[-114.535634,45.739095],[-114.504869,45.722176],[-114.495421,45.703321],[-114.499637,45.669035],[-114.507645,45.658949],[-114.522142,45.64934],[-114.529678,45.65232],[-114.53577,45.650613],[-114.563652,45.637412],[-114.563305,45.631612],[-114.553937,45.619299],[-114.544905,45.616673],[-114.538132,45.606834],[-114.558253,45.585104],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.549508,45.56059],[-114.526075,45.570771],[-114.517761,45.568129],[-114.498176,45.555473],[-114.473759,45.563278],[-114.460542,45.561283],[-114.456764,45.543983],[-114.438991,45.536076],[-114.415804,45.509753],[-114.388618,45.502903],[-114.36852,45.492716],[-114.36562,45.490416],[-114.360719,45.474116],[-114.345019,45.459916],[-114.333218,45.459316],[-114.279217,45.480616],[-114.270717,45.486116],[-114.261616,45.495816],[-114.247824,45.524283],[-114.248183,45.533226],[-114.251836,45.537812],[-114.248121,45.545877],[-114.227942,45.546423],[-114.203665,45.53557],[-114.192802,45.536596],[-114.180043,45.551432],[-114.154837,45.552916],[-114.135249,45.557465],[-114.129099,45.565491],[-114.131469,45.574444],[-114.122322,45.58426],[-114.100308,45.586354],[-114.086584,45.59118],[-114.0821,45.596958],[-114.08179,45.611329],[-114.067619,45.627706],[-114.033456,45.648629],[-114.018731,45.648616],[-114.014973,45.654008],[-114.013786,45.658238],[-114.02007,45.670332],[-114.019315,45.692937],[-114.015633,45.696127],[-113.986656,45.704564],[-113.971565,45.700636],[-113.93422,45.682232],[-113.930403,45.671878],[-113.919752,45.658536],[-113.900588,45.648259],[-113.898883,45.644167],[-113.902539,45.636945],[-113.904691,45.622007],[-113.886006,45.61702],[-113.861404,45.62366],[-113.823068,45.612486],[-113.806729,45.602146],[-113.802955,45.592631],[-113.803261,45.584193],[-113.804796,45.580358],[-113.819868,45.566326],[-113.834555,45.520729],[-113.809144,45.519908],[-113.796579,45.523462],[-113.778361,45.523415],[-113.766022,45.520621],[-113.759986,45.480735],[-113.78416,45.454946],[-113.764591,45.431403],[-113.763368,45.427732],[-113.768058,45.418147],[-113.765203,45.410601],[-113.733092,45.390173],[-113.73553,45.364738],[-113.7402,45.34559],[-113.738729,45.329741],[-113.689359,45.28355],[-113.688077,45.276407],[-113.691557,45.270912],[-113.692039,45.265191],[-113.684946,45.253706],[-113.678749,45.24927],[-113.665633,45.246265],[-113.657027,45.241436],[-113.650064,45.23471],[-113.636889,45.212983],[-113.599506,45.191114],[-113.589891,45.176986],[-113.594632,45.166034],[-113.57467,45.128411],[-113.554744,45.112901],[-113.513342,45.115225],[-113.506638,45.107288],[-113.510819,45.099902],[-113.520134,45.093033],[-113.485278,45.063519],[-113.47377,45.0617],[-113.460578,45.064879],[-113.45197,45.059247],[-113.44912,45.046098],[-113.449909,45.035167],[-113.437726,45.006967],[-113.446884,44.998545],[-113.443782,44.95989],[-113.448958,44.953544],[-113.467467,44.948061],[-113.480836,44.95031],[-113.494446,44.948597],[-113.498745,44.942314],[-113.491121,44.927548],[-113.474573,44.910846],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.422376,44.842595],[-113.377153,44.834858],[-113.356062,44.819798],[-113.3461,44.800611],[-113.354763,44.795468],[-113.354034,44.791745],[-113.341704,44.784853],[-113.301508,44.798985],[-113.278382,44.812706],[-113.247166,44.82295],[-113.238729,44.814144],[-113.209624,44.80907],[-113.19436,44.802151],[-113.183395,44.793565],[-113.179366,44.787142],[-113.163806,44.778921],[-113.158206,44.780847],[-113.131453,44.772837],[-113.131387,44.764738],[-113.137704,44.760109],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.102138,44.729027],[-113.101154,44.708578],[-113.098064,44.697477],[-113.081906,44.691392],[-113.06776,44.679474],[-113.067756,44.672807],[-113.07042,44.667844],[-113.068306,44.656374],[-113.065589,44.649371],[-113.051504,44.63695],[-113.049349,44.62938],[-113.053529,44.621187],[-113.07376,44.613928],[-113.083819,44.60222],[-113.061071,44.577329],[-113.042363,44.565237],[-113.04282,44.546757],[-113.019777,44.528505],[-113.020917,44.493827],[-113.003544,44.450814],[-112.981682,44.434279],[-112.951146,44.416699],[-112.915602,44.402699],[-112.886041,44.395874],[-112.881769,44.380315],[-112.855395,44.359975],[-112.844859,44.358221],[-112.820489,44.370946],[-112.81324,44.378103],[-112.812608,44.392275],[-112.821896,44.407436],[-112.836034,44.422653],[-112.828191,44.442472],[-112.797863,44.466112],[-112.781294,44.484888],[-112.749011,44.491233],[-112.735084,44.499159],[-112.71911,44.504344],[-112.707815,44.503023],[-112.671169,44.491265],[-112.660696,44.485756],[-112.601863,44.491015],[-112.584197,44.481368],[-112.573513,44.480983],[-112.550557,44.484928],[-112.541989,44.483971],[-112.518871,44.475784],[-112.512036,44.47042],[-112.511713,44.466445],[-112.50031,44.463051],[-112.473207,44.480027],[-112.460347,44.47571],[-112.435342,44.462216],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.368764,44.467153],[-112.358926,44.48628],[-112.3566,44.493127],[-112.358917,44.528847],[-112.35421,44.535638],[-112.348794,44.538691],[-112.319198,44.53911],[-112.315008,44.5419],[-112.315047,44.550049],[-112.312899,44.553536],[-112.286187,44.568472],[-112.242785,44.568091],[-112.230117,44.562759],[-112.226841,44.555239],[-112.229477,44.549494],[-112.221698,44.543519],[-112.183937,44.533067],[-112.179703,44.533021],[-112.164597,44.541666],[-112.136454,44.539911],[-112.129078,44.5363],[-112.125101,44.528527],[-112.106755,44.520829],[-112.096299,44.523212],[-112.093304,44.530002],[-112.069011,44.537104],[-112.036943,44.530323],[-112.032707,44.546642],[-111.995231,44.535444],[-111.980833,44.536682],[-111.951522,44.550062],[-111.947941,44.556776],[-111.903566,44.55723],[-111.887852,44.563413],[-111.870504,44.564033],[-111.849293,44.539837],[-111.842542,44.526069],[-111.821488,44.509286],[-111.807914,44.511716],[-111.806512,44.516264],[-111.761904,44.529841],[-111.758966,44.533766],[-111.746401,44.540766],[-111.737191,44.54306],[-111.715474,44.543543],[-111.704218,44.560205],[-111.681571,44.559864],[-111.614405,44.548991],[-111.585763,44.562843],[-111.562814,44.555209],[-111.546637,44.557099],[-111.518095,44.544177],[-111.500792,44.540062],[-111.471682,44.540824],[-111.467736,44.544521],[-111.469185,44.552044],[-111.492024,44.56081],[-111.519126,44.582916],[-111.525764,44.604883],[-111.50494,44.635746],[-111.473178,44.665479],[-111.468833,44.679335],[-111.47798,44.682393],[-111.484898,44.687578],[-111.490228,44.700221],[-111.489339,44.704946],[-111.486019,44.707654],[-111.438793,44.720546],[-111.429604,44.720149],[-111.424214,44.714024],[-111.414271,44.710741],[-111.398575,44.723343],[-111.394459,44.744578],[-111.397805,44.746738],[-111.393854,44.752549],[-111.385005,44.755128],[-111.37476,44.750295],[-111.36627,44.742234],[-111.366723,44.738361],[-111.355768,44.727602],[-111.348184,44.725459],[-111.341351,44.7293],[-111.323669,44.724474],[-111.29626,44.702271],[-111.26875,44.668279],[-111.276956,44.655626],[-111.262839,44.649658],[-111.25268,44.651092],[-111.224161,44.623402],[-111.231227,44.606915],[-111.23018,44.587025],[-111.225208,44.581006],[-111.189617,44.571062],[-111.182551,44.566874],[-111.175747,44.552219],[-111.166892,44.54722],[-111.15959,44.546376],[-111.143557,44.535732],[-111.139455,44.517112],[-111.131379,44.499925],[-111.122654,44.493659],[-111.062729,44.476073],[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.049077,44.020072],[-111.046515,43.908376],[-111.044156,43.020052]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Idaho\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"} ]}