{"pageNumber":"1825","pageRowStart":"45600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70036107,"text":"70036107 - 2011 - Opportunity Mars Rover mission: Overview and selected results from Purgatory ripple to traverses to Endeavour crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T16:23:26","indexId":"70036107","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Opportunity Mars Rover mission: Overview and selected results from Purgatory ripple to traverses to Endeavour crater","docAbstract":"<p>Opportunity has been traversing the Meridiani plains since 25 January 2004 (sol 1), acquiring numerous observations of the atmosphere, soils, and rocks. This paper provides an overview of key discoveries between sols 511 and 2300, complementing earlier papers covering results from the initial phases of the mission. Key new results include (1) atmospheric argon measurements that demonstrate the importance of atmospheric transport to and from the winter carbon dioxide polar ice caps; (2) observations showing that aeolian ripples covering the plains were generated by easterly winds during an epoch with enhanced Hadley cell circulation; (3) the discovery and characterization of cobbles and boulders that include iron and stony-iron meteorites and Martian impact ejecta; (4) measurements of wall rock strata within Erebus and Victoria craters that provide compelling evidence of formation by aeolian sand deposition, with local reworking within ephemeral lakes; (5) determination that the stratigraphy exposed in the walls of Victoria and Endurance craters show an enrichment of chlorine and depletion of magnesium and sulfur with increasing depth. This result implies that regional-scale aqueous alteration took place before formation of these craters. Most recently, Opportunity has been traversing toward the ancient Endeavour crater. Orbital data show that clay minerals are exposed on its rim. Hydrated sulfate minerals are exposed in plains rocks adjacent to the rim, unlike the surfaces of plains outcrops observed thus far by Opportunity. With continued mechanical health, Opportunity will reach terrains on and around Endeavour's rim that will be markedly different from anything examined to date.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003746","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Arvidson, R., Ashley, J.W., Bell, J., Chojnacki, M., Cohen, J., Economou, T., Farrand, W.H., Fergason, R.L., Fleischer, I., Geissler, P.E., Gellert, R., Golombek, M., Grotzinger, J., Guinness, E., Haberle, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., Herman, J., Iagnemma, K., Jolliff, B., Johnson, J.R., Klingelhofer, G., Knoll, A., Knudson, A., Li, R., McLennan, S.M., Mittlefehldt, D.W., Morris, R., Parker, T.J., Rice, M., Schroder, C., Soderblom, L.A., Squyres, S.W., Sullivan, R., and Wolff, M., 2011, Opportunity Mars Rover mission: Overview and selected results from Purgatory ripple to traverses to Endeavour crater: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003746.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475435,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003746","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ec2e4b0c8380cd757b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, James W.","contributorId":102523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chojnacki, M.","contributorId":25385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cohen, J.","contributorId":103389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Economou, T.E.","contributorId":41641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Economou","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fergason, Robin L. 0000-0002-2044-1714 rfergason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2044-1714","contributorId":2753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fergason","given":"Robin","email":"rfergason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fleischer, I.","contributorId":70096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Geissler, Paul E. pgeissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","email":"pgeissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gellert, Ralf","contributorId":35049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Grotzinger, J.P.","contributorId":76053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Guinness, E.A.","contributorId":78070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinness","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Haberle, R.M.","contributorId":94461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haberle","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Herman, J.A.","contributorId":64076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Iagnemma, K.D.","contributorId":56897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iagnemma","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Klingelhofer, G.","contributorId":57195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingelhofer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Knoll, A.H.","contributorId":84885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Knudson, A.T.","contributorId":15746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Li, R.","contributorId":68441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"McLennan, S. M.","contributorId":96733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Mittlefehldt, D. W.","contributorId":54711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mittlefehldt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Parker, T. J.","contributorId":30776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Rice, M.S.","contributorId":105027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Sullivan, R.J.","contributorId":21302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Wolff, M.J.","contributorId":64374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}}
,{"id":70035834,"text":"70035834 - 2011 - Identifying nest predators of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T20:15:46.454961","indexId":"70035834","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying nest predators of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated predation on nests and methods to detect predators using a combination of infrared cameras and plasticine eggs at nests of American avocets (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Recurvirostra americana</span><span>) and black-necked stilts (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Himantopus mexicanus</span><span>) in Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties, California. Each technique indicated that predation was prevalent; 59% of monitored nests were depredated. Most identifiable predation (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp; =  49) was caused by mammals (71%) and rates of predation were similar on avocets and stilts. Raccoons (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Procyon lotor</span><span>) and striped skunks (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Mephitis mephitis</span><span>) each accounted for 16% of predations, whereas gray foxes (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Urocyon cinereoargenteus</span><span>) and avian predators each accounted for 14%. Mammalian predation was mainly nocturnal (mean time, 0051 h ± 5&nbsp;h 36&nbsp;min), whereas most avian predation was in late afternoon (mean time, 1800 h ± 1&nbsp;h 26&nbsp;min). Nests with cameras and plasticine eggs were 1.6 times more likely to be predated than nests where only cameras were used in monitoring. Cameras were associated with lower abandonment of nests and provided definitive identification of predators.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1894/KF-14.1","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., Ackerman, J., Takekawa, J.Y., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Eadie, J., 2011, Identifying nest predators of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) in San Francisco Bay, California: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 56, no. 1, p. 35-43, https://doi.org/10.1894/KF-14.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216382,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/KF-14.1"},{"id":244246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.01940917968751,\n              36.83566824724438\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.17919921875001,\n              36.83566824724438\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.17919921875001,\n              38.41486245064945\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01940917968751,\n              38.41486245064945\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01940917968751,\n              36.83566824724438\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3851e4b0c8380cd61515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, G.","contributorId":98442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035388,"text":"70035388 - 2011 - Projecting avian response to linked changes in groundwater and riparian floodplain vegetation along a dryland river: A scenario analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-24T19:49:05.534333","indexId":"70035388","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projecting avian response to linked changes in groundwater and riparian floodplain vegetation along a dryland river: A scenario analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater is a key driver of riparian condition on dryland rivers but is in high demand for municipal, industrial, and agricultural uses. Approaches are needed to guide decisions that balance human water needs while conserving riparian ecosystems. We developed a space‐for‐time substitution model that links groundwater change scenarios implemented within a Decision Support System (DSS) with proportions of floodplain vegetation types and abundances of breeding and migratory birds along the upper San Pedro River, AZ, USA. We investigated nine scenarios ranging from groundwater depletion to recharge. In groundwater decline scenarios, relative proportions of tall‐canopied obligate phreatophytes (</span><i>Populus/Salix</i><span>, cottonwood/willow) on the floodplain progressively decline, and shrubbier species less dependent on permanent water sources (e.g.&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;spp., saltcedar) increase. These scenarios result in broad shifts in the composition of the breeding bird community, with canopy‐nesting and water‐obligate birds declining but midstory nesting birds increasing in abundance as groundwater declines. For the most extreme draw‐down scenario where all reaches undergo groundwater declines, models project that only 10% of the upper San Pedro floodplain would be comprised of cottonwood/willow (73% saltcedar and 18% mesquite), and abundances of canopy‐nesting, water‐obligate, and spring migrant birds would decline 48%, 72%, and 40%, respectively. Groundwater recharge scenarios were associated with increases in canopy‐nesting birds particularly given the extreme recharge scenario (all reaches regain shallow water tables and perennial streamflow). Model outputs serve to assess the sensitivity of biotic groups to potential changes in groundwater and thus to rank scenarios based on their expected ecological impacts.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.143","issn":"19360584","usgsCitation":"Arriana, B.L., Stromberg, J., Goodrich, D., Dixon, M., Lansey, K., Kang, D., Brookshire, D., and Cerasale, D., 2011, Projecting avian response to linked changes in groundwater and riparian floodplain vegetation along a dryland river: A scenario analysis: Ecohydrology, v. 4, no. 1, p. 130-142, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.143.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.143"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8efbe4b0c8380cd7f4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arriana, Brand L.","contributorId":9488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arriana","given":"Brand","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stromberg, J.C.","contributorId":81455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodrich, D.C.","contributorId":98492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dixon, M.D.","contributorId":57279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lansey, K.","contributorId":57680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lansey","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kang, D.","contributorId":19799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brookshire, D.S.","contributorId":43335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookshire","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cerasale, D.J.","contributorId":11028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerasale","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036169,"text":"70036169 - 2011 - The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:02:09.805515","indexId":"70036169","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) has developed a coupled general circulation model (CM3) for the atmosphere, oceans, land, and sea ice. The goal of CM3 is to address emerging issues in climate change, including aerosol–cloud interactions, chemistry–climate interactions, and coupling between the troposphere and stratosphere. The model is also designed to serve as the physical system component of earth system models and models for decadal prediction in the near-term future—for example, through improved simulations in tropical land precipitation relative to earlier-generation GFDL models. This paper describes the dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component (AM3) of this model. Relative to GFDL AM2, AM3 includes new treatments of deep and shallow cumulus convection, cloud droplet activation by aerosols, subgrid variability of stratiform vertical velocities for droplet activation, and atmospheric chemistry driven by emissions with advective, convective, and turbulent transport. AM3 employs a cubed-sphere implementation of a finite-volume dynamical core and is coupled to LM3, a new land model with ecosystem dynamics and hydrology. Its horizontal resolution is approximately 200 km, and its vertical resolution ranges approximately from 70 m near the earth’s surface to 1 to 1.5 km near the tropopause and 3 to 4 km in much of the stratosphere. Most basic circulation features in AM3 are simulated as realistically, or more so, as in AM2. In particular, dry biases have been reduced over South America. In coupled mode, the simulation of Arctic sea ice concentration has improved. AM3 aerosol optical depths, scattering properties, and surface clear-sky downward shortwave radiation are more realistic than in AM2. The simulation of marine stratocumulus decks remains problematic, as in AM2. The most intense 0.2% of precipitation rates occur less frequently in AM3 than observed. The last two decades of the twentieth century warm in CM3 by 0.32°C relative to 1881–1920. The Climate Research Unit (CRU) and Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyses of observations show warming of 0.56° and 0.52°C, respectively, over this period. CM3 includes anthropogenic cooling by aerosol–cloud interactions, and its warming by the late twentieth century is somewhat less realistic than in CM2.1, which warmed 0.66°C but did not include aerosol–cloud interactions. The improved simulation of the direct aerosol effect (apparent in surface clear-sky downward radiation) in CM3 evidently acts in concert with its simulation of cloud–aerosol interactions to limit greenhouse gas warming.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Donner, L., Wyman, B., Hemler, R., Horowitz, L., Ming, Y., Zhao, M., Golaz, J., Ginoux, P., Lin, S., Schwarzkopf, M., Austin, J., Alaka, G., Cooke, W., Delworth, T., Freidenreich, S., Gordon, C., Griffies, S., Held, I., Hurlin, W., Klein, S., Knutson, T., Langenhorst, A., Lee, H., Lin, Y., Magi, B., Malyshev, S., Milly, P., Naik, V., Nath, M., Pincus, R., Ploshay, J., Ramaswamy, V., Seman, C., Shevliakova, E., Sirutis, J., Stern, W., Stouffer, R., Wilson, R., Winton, M., Wittenberg, A., and Zeng, F., 2011, The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3: Journal of Climate, v. 24, no. 13, p. 3484-3519, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"3484","endPage":"3519","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475418,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3955.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1"}],"volume":"24","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baae9e4b08c986b322ac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donner, 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,{"id":70157340,"text":"70157340 - 2011 - Earthquake sounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T15:18:55.083812","indexId":"70157340","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Earthquake sounds","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of solid earth geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_201","usgsCitation":"Michael, A.J., 2011, Earthquake sounds, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of solid earth geophysics, p. 188-192, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_201.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"192","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020943","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35afe4b05d6c4e502c60","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gupta, Harsh K.","contributorId":29306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"Harsh","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572751,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035678,"text":"70035678 - 2011 - Reanalysis of in situ permeability measurements in the Barbados décollement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-12T13:24:49","indexId":"70035678","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1765,"text":"Geofluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reanalysis of in situ permeability measurements in the Barbados décollement","docAbstract":"<p><span>A cased and sealed borehole in the Northern Barbados accretionary complex was the site of the first attempts to measure permeability&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;along a plate boundary d&eacute;collement. Three separate efforts at Hole 949C yielded permeability estimates for the d&eacute;collement spanning four orders of magnitude. An analysis of problems encountered during installation of the casing and seals provides insights into how the borehole conditions may have led to the wide range of results. During the installation, sediments from the surrounding formation repeatedly intruded into the borehole and casing. Stress analysis shows that the weak sediments were deforming plastically and the radial and tangential stresses around the borehole were significantly lower than lithostatic. This perturbed stress state may explain why the test pressure records showed indications of hydrofracture at pressures below lithostatic, and permeabilities rose rapidly as the estimated effective stress dropped below 0.8&nbsp;MPa. Even after the borehole was sealed, the plastic deformation of the formation and relatively large gap of the wire wrapped screen allowed sediment to flow into the casing. Force equilibrium calculations predict sediment would have filled the borehole to 10&nbsp;cm above the top of the screen by the time slug tests were conducted 1.5&nbsp;years after the borehole was sealed. Reanalysis of the slug test results with these conditions yields several orders of magnitude higher permeability estimates than the original analysis which assumed an open casing. Overall the results based on only the tests with no sign of hydrofracture yield a permeability range of 10</span><sup>&minus;14</sup><span>&ndash;10</span><sup>&minus;15</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;and a rate of increase in permeability with decreasing effective stress consistent with laboratory tests on samples from the d&eacute;collement zone.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-8123.2010.00310.x","issn":"14688115","usgsCitation":"Bekins, B., Matmon, D., Screaton, E., and Brown, K.M., 2011, Reanalysis of in situ permeability measurements in the Barbados décollement: Geofluids, v. 11, no. 1, p. 57-70, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2010.00310.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2010.00310.x"}],"country":"Barbados","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -59.68048095703125,\n              13.035331423827767\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.68048095703125,\n              13.345528811936576\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.407196044921875,\n              13.345528811936576\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.407196044921875,\n              13.035331423827767\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.68048095703125,\n              13.035331423827767\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95b2e4b0c8380cd81ba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matmon, D.","contributorId":6284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matmon","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Screaton, E.J.","contributorId":38323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Screaton","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, K. 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,{"id":70035675,"text":"70035675 - 2011 - Sensitivity of Pliocene ice sheets to orbital forcing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T19:17:23","indexId":"70035675","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of Pliocene ice sheets to orbital forcing","docAbstract":"The stability of the Earth's major ice sheets is a critical uncertainty in predictions of future climate and sea level change. One method of investigating the behaviour of the Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheets in a warmer-than-modern climate is to look back at past warm periods of Earth history, for example the Pliocene. This paper presents climate and ice sheet modelling results for the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP; 3.3 to 3.0 million years ago), which has been identified as a key interval for understanding warmer-than-modern climates (Jansen et al., 2007). Using boundary conditions supplied by the United States Geological Survey PRISM Group (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping), the Hadley Centre coupled ocean–atmosphere climate model (HadCM3) and the British Antarctic Survey Ice Sheet Model (BASISM), we show large reductions in the Greenland and East Antarctic Ice Sheets (GrIS and EAIS) compared to modern in standard mPWP experiments. We also present the first results illustrating the variability of the ice sheets due to realistic orbital forcing during the mid-Pliocene. While GrIS volumes are lower than modern under even the most extreme (cold) mid-Pliocene orbit (losing at least 35% of its ice mass), the EAIS can both grow and shrink, losing up to 20% or gaining up to 10% of its present-day volume. The changes in ice sheet volume incurred by altering orbital forcing alone means that global sea level can vary by more than 25 m during the mid-Pliocene. However, we have also shown that the response of the ice sheets to mPWP orbital hemispheric forcing can be in anti-phase, whereby the greatest reductions in EAIS volume are concurrent with the smallest reductions of the GrIS. If this anti-phase relationship is in operation throughout the mPWP, then the total eustatic sea level response would be dampened compared to the ice sheet fluctuations that are theoretically possible. This suggests that maximum eustatic sea level rise does not correspond to orbital maxima, but occurs at times where the anti-phasing of Northern and Southern Hemisphere ice sheet retreat is minimised.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.030","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Dolan, A., Haywood, A., Hill, D., Dowsett, H., Hunter, S., Lunt, D., and Pickering, S., 2011, Sensitivity of Pliocene ice sheets to orbital forcing: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 309, no. 1-2, p. 98-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.030.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.030"},{"id":244207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"309","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d28e4b08c986b3182a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolan, A.M.","contributorId":40818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, D.J.","contributorId":102291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunter, S.J.","contributorId":27704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lunt, D.J.","contributorId":105127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pickering, S.J.","contributorId":6283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035673,"text":"70035673 - 2011 - Fe-Ni metal and sulfide minerals in CM chondrites: An indicator for thermal history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T19:40:07.740264","indexId":"70035673","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fe-Ni metal and sulfide minerals in CM chondrites: An indicator for thermal history","docAbstract":"<p><span>CM chondrites were subjected to aqueous alteration and, in some cases, to secondary metamorphic heating. The effects of these processes vary widely, and have mainly been documented in silicate phases. Herein, we report the characteristic features of Fe‐Ni metal and sulfide phases in 13 CM and 2 CM‐related chondrites to explore the thermal history of these chondrites. The texture and compositional distribution of the metal in CM are different from those in unequilibrated ordinary and CO chondrites, but most have similarities to those in highly primitive chondrites, such as CH, CR, and Acfer 094. We classified the CM samples into three categories based on metal composition and sulfide texture. Fe‐Ni metal in category A is kamacite to martensite. Category B is characterized by pyrrhotite grains always containing blebs or lamellae of pentlandite. Opaque mineral assemblages of category C are typically kamacite, Ni‐Co‐rich metal, and pyrrhotite. These categories are closely related to the degree of secondary heating and are not related to degree of the aqueous alteration. The characteristic features of the opaque minerals can be explained by secondary heating processes after aqueous alteration. Category A CM chondrites are unheated, whereas those in category B experienced small degrees of secondary heating. CMs in category C were subjected to the most severe secondary heating process. Thus, opaque minerals can provide constraints on the thermal history for CM chondrites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01164.x","issn":"10869379","usgsCitation":"Kimura, M., Grossman, J.N., and Weisberg, M., 2011, Fe-Ni metal and sulfide minerals in CM chondrites: An indicator for thermal history: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 46, no. 3, p. 431-442, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01164.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"442","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01164.x"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f31e4b0c8380cd537f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimura, M.","contributorId":49617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, Jeffrey N. 0000-0001-9099-9628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-9628","contributorId":37317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weisberg, M.K.","contributorId":74943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035814,"text":"70035814 - 2011 - Estimating earthquake-rupture rates on a fault or fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T10:54:14","indexId":"70035814","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating earthquake-rupture rates on a fault or fault system","docAbstract":"Previous approaches used to determine the rates of different earthquakes on a fault have made assumptions regarding segmentation, have been difficult to document and reproduce, and have lacked the ability to satisfy all available data constraints. We present a relatively objective and reproducible inverse methodology for determining the rate of different ruptures on a fault or fault system. The data used in the inversion include slip rate, event rate, and other constraints such as an optional a priori magnitude-frequency distribution. We demonstrate our methodology by solving for the long-term rate of ruptures on the southern San Andreas fault. Our results imply that a Gutenberg-Richter distribution is consistent with the data available for this fault; however, more work is needed to test the robustness of this assertion. More importantly, the methodology is extensible to an entire fault system (thereby including multifault ruptures) and can be used to quantify the relative benefits of collecting additional paleoseismic data at different sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120100004","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., and Page, M., 2011, Estimating earthquake-rupture rates on a fault or fault system: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 1, p. 79-92, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120100004"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b17e4b0c8380cd52577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, E. H.","contributorId":86915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, M.T.","contributorId":36771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035670,"text":"70035670 - 2011 - Microbial community structure of hydrothermal deposits from geochemically different vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T13:35:19","indexId":"70035670","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1548,"text":"Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial community structure of hydrothermal deposits from geochemically different vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge","docAbstract":"To evaluate the effects of local fluid geochemistry on microbial communities associated with active hydrothermal vent deposits, we examined the archaeal and bacterial communities of 12 samples collected from two very different vent fields: the basalt-hosted Lucky Strike (37&deg;17'N, 32&deg;16.3'W, depth 1600-1750m) and the ultramafic-hosted Rainbow (36&deg;13'N, 33&deg;54.1'W, depth 2270-2330m) vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Using multiplexed barcoded pyrosequencing of the variable region 4 (V4) of the 16S rRNA genes, we show statistically significant differences between the archaeal and bacterial communities associated with the different vent fields. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays of the functional gene diagnostic for methanogenesis (<i>mcr</i>A), as well as geochemical modelling to predict pore fluid chemistries within the deposits, support the pyrosequencing observations. Collectively, these results show that the less reduced, hydrogen-poor fluids at Lucky Strike limit colonization by strict anaerobes such as methanogens, and allow for hyperthermophilic microaerophiles, like <i>Aeropyrum</i>. In contrast, the hydrogen-rich reducing vent fluids at the ultramafic-influenced Rainbow vent field support the prevalence of methanogens and other hydrogen-oxidizing thermophiles at this site. These results demonstrate that biogeographical patterns of hydrothermal vent microorganisms are shaped in part by large scale geological and geochemical processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02463.x","issn":"14622912","usgsCitation":"Flores, G.E., Campbell, J.H., Kirshtein, J.D., Meneghin, J., Podar, M., Steinberg, J.I., Seewald, J., Tivey, M.K., Voytek, M.A., Yang, Z.K., and Reysenbach, A., 2011, Microbial community structure of hydrothermal deposits from geochemically different vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Environmental Microbiology, v. 13, no. 8, p. 2158-2171, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02463.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2158","endPage":"2171","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216246,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02463.x"},{"id":244107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5647e4b0c8380cd6d49e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flores, Gilberto E.","contributorId":14220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Gilberto","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, James H.","contributorId":72616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie D.","contributorId":26033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meneghin, Jennifer","contributorId":108338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meneghin","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Podar, Mircea","contributorId":85004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podar","given":"Mircea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steinberg, Joshua I.","contributorId":22990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinberg","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Seewald, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":58758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seewald","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tivey, Margaret Kingston","contributorId":26541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tivey","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Kingston","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yang, Zamin K.","contributorId":71794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Zamin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reysenbach, Anna-Louise","contributorId":29663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reysenbach","given":"Anna-Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70036165,"text":"70036165 - 2011 - Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:14:42.384791","indexId":"70036165","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 326 ha Río Icacos watershed in the tropical wet forest of the Luquillo Mountains, northeastern Puerto Rico, is underlain by granodiorite bedrock with weathering rates among the highest in the world. We pooled stream chemistry and total suspended sediment (TSS) data sets from three discrete periods: 1983–1987, 1991–1997, and 2000–2008. During this period three major hurricanes crossed the site: Hugo in 1989, Hortense in 1996, and Georges in 1998. Stream chemistry reflects sea salt inputs (Na, Cl, and SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>), and high weathering rates of the granodiorite (Ca, Mg, Si, and alkalinity). During rainfall, stream composition shifts toward that of precipitation, diluting 90% or more in the largest storms, but maintains a biogeochemical watershed signal marked by elevated K and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. DOC exhibits an unusual “boomerang” pattern, initially increasing with flow but then decreasing at the highest flows as it becomes depleted and/or vigorous overland flow minimizes contact with watershed surfaces. TSS increased markedly with discharge (power function slope 1.54), reflecting the erosive power of large storms in a landslide‐prone landscape. The relations of TSS and most solute concentrations with stream discharge were stable through time, suggesting minimal long‐term effects from repeated hurricane disturbance. Nitrate concentration, however, increased about threefold in response to hurricanes then returned to baseline over several years following a pseudo first‐order decay pattern. The combined data sets provide insight about important hydrologic pathways, a long‐term perspective to assess response to hurricanes, and a framework to evaluate future climate change in tropical ecosystems.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009788","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., McDowell, W.H., and Stallard, R.F., 2011, Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 7, W07515, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009788.","productDescription":"W07515, 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009788"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Río Icacos watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.88775634765625,\n              18.21761162872689\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6982421875,\n              18.21761162872689\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6982421875,\n              18.35582895074145\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.88775634765625,\n              18.35582895074145\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.88775634765625,\n              18.21761162872689\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a499fe4b0c8380cd68772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035239,"text":"70035239 - 2011 - SPECTRAL data-based estimation of soil heat flux","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T14:16:32","indexId":"70035239","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3619,"text":"Transactions of the ASABE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SPECTRAL data-based estimation of soil heat flux","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerous existing spectral-based soil heat flux (G) models have shown wide variation in performance for maize and soybean cropping systems in Nebraska, indicating the need for localized calibration and model development. The objectives of this article are to develop a semi-empirical model to estimate G from a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and net radiation (Rn) for maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) fields in the Great Plains, and present the suitability of the developed model to estimate G under similar and different soil and management conditions. Soil heat fluxes measured in both irrigated and rainfed fields in eastern and south-central Nebraska were used for model development and validation. An exponential model that uses NDVI and Rn was found to be the best to estimate G based on r2 values. The effect of geographic location, crop, and water management practices were used to develop semi-empirical models under four case studies. Each case study has the same exponential model structure but a different set of coefficients and exponents to represent the crop, soil, and management practices. Results showed that the semi-empirical models can be used effectively for G estimation for nearby fields with similar soil properties for independent years, regardless of differences in crop type, crop rotation, and irrigation practices, provided that the crop residue from the previous year is more than 4000 kg ha-1. The coefficients calibrated from particular fields can be used at nearby fields in order to capture temporal variation in G. However, there is a need for further investigation of the models to account for the interaction effects of crop rotation and irrigation. Validation at an independent site having different soil and crop management practices showed the limitation of the semi-empirical model in estimating G under different soil and environment conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.39837","issn":"00012351","usgsCitation":"Singh, R.K., Irmak, A., Walter-Shea, E., Verma, S., and Suyker, A., 2011, SPECTRAL data-based estimation of soil heat flux: Transactions of the ASABE, v. 54, no. 5, p. 1589-1597, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.39837.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1589","endPage":"1597","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/525","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf7ce4b0c8380cd875f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, Ramesh K. 0000-0002-8164-3483","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-3483","contributorId":85424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"Ramesh","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irmak, A.","contributorId":101473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irmak","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walter-Shea, Elizabeth","contributorId":84579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter-Shea","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verma, S.B.","contributorId":103890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suyker, A.E.","contributorId":42051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suyker","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035396,"text":"70035396 - 2011 - Analytical model for screening potential CO2 repositories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T13:01:32.044668","indexId":"70035396","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1308,"text":"Computational Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Analytical model for screening potential CO<sub>2</sub> repositories","title":"Analytical model for screening potential CO2 repositories","docAbstract":"<p><span>Assessing potential repositories for geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide using numerical models can be complicated, costly, and time-consuming, especially when faced with the challenge of selecting a repository from a multitude of potential repositories. This paper presents a set of simple analytical equations (model), based on the work of previous researchers, that could be used to evaluate the suitability of candidate repositories for subsurface sequestration of carbon dioxide. We considered the injection of carbon dioxide at a constant rate into a confined saline aquifer via a fully perforated vertical injection well. The validity of the analytical model was assessed via comparison with the TOUGH2 numerical model. The metrics used in comparing the two models include (1) spatial variations in formation pressure and (2) vertically integrated brine saturation profile. The analytical model and TOUGH2 show excellent agreement in their results when similar input conditions and assumptions are applied in both. The analytical model neglects capillary pressure and the pressure dependence of fluid properties. However, simulations in TOUGH2 indicate that little error is introduced by these simplifications. Sensitivity studies indicate that the agreement between the analytical model and TOUGH2 depends strongly on (1) the residual brine saturation, (2) the difference in density between carbon dioxide and resident brine (buoyancy), and (3) the relationship between relative permeability and brine saturation. The results achieved suggest that the analytical model is valid when the relationship between relative permeability and brine saturation is linear or quasi-linear and when the irreducible saturation of brine is zero or very small.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10596-011-9246-2","issn":"14200597","usgsCitation":"Okwen, R., Stewart, M., and Cunningham, J., 2011, Analytical model for screening potential CO2 repositories: Computational Geosciences, v. 15, no. 4, p. 755-770, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-011-9246-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"770","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb6ce4b0c8380cd48dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okwen, R.T.","contributorId":36772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okwen","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, M.T.","contributorId":6487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunningham, J.A.","contributorId":101872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036105,"text":"70036105 - 2011 - Gas emissions from failed and actual eruptions from Cook Inlet Volcanoes, Alaska, 1989-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T13:15:18","indexId":"70036105","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas emissions from failed and actual eruptions from Cook Inlet Volcanoes, Alaska, 1989-2006","docAbstract":"Cook Inlet volcanoes that experienced an eruption between 1989 and 2006 had mean gas emission rates that were roughly an order of magnitude higher than at volcanoes where unrest stalled. For the six events studied, mean emission rates for eruptions were ~13,000 t/d CO<sub>2</sub> and 5200 t/d SO<sub>2</sub>, but only ~1200 t/d CO<sub>2</sub> and 500 t/d SO<sub>2</sub> for non-eruptive events (‘failed eruptions’). Statistical analysis suggests degassing thresholds for eruption on the order of 1500 and 1000 t/d for CO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Emission rates greater than 4000 and 2000 t/d for CO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>, respectively, almost exclusively resulted during eruptive events (the only exception being two measurements at Fourpeaked). While this analysis could suggest that unerupted magmas have lower pre-eruptive volatile contents, we favor the explanations that either the amount of magma feeding actual eruptions is larger than that driving failed eruptions, or that magmas from failed eruptions experience less decompression such that the majority of H<sub>2</sub>O remains dissolved and thus insufficient permeability is produced to release the trapped volatile phase (or both). In the majority of unrest and eruption sequences, increases in CO<sub>2</sub> emission relative to SO<sub>2</sub> emission were observed early in the sequence. With time, all events converged to a common molar value of C/S between 0.5 and 2. These geochemical trends argue for roughly similar decompression histories until shallow levels are reached beneath the edifice (i.e., from 20–35 to ~4–6 km) and perhaps roughly similar initial volatile contents in all cases. Early elevated CO<sub>2</sub> levels that we find at these high-latitude, andesitic arc volcanoes have also been observed at mid-latitude, relatively snow-free, basaltic volcanoes such as Stromboli and Etna. Typically such patterns are attributed to injection and decompression of deep (CO<sub>2</sub>-rich) magma into a shallower chamber and open system degassing prior to eruption. Here we argue that the C/S trends probably represent tapping of vapor-saturated regions with high C/S, and then gradual degassing of remaining dissolved volatiles as the magma progresses toward the surface. At these volcanoes, however, C/S is often accentuated due to early preferential scrubbing of sulfur gases. The range of equilibrium degassing is consistent with the bulk degassing of a magma with initial CO<sub>2</sub> and S of 0.6 and 0.2 wt.%, respectively, similar to what has been suggested for primitive Redoubt magmas.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0453-4","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Werner, C., Doukas, M., and Kelly, P., 2011, Gas emissions from failed and actual eruptions from Cook Inlet Volcanoes, Alaska, 1989-2006: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 155-173, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0453-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0453-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.171142578125,\n              58.53959476664049\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.171142578125,\n              61.6794500443896\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.787841796875,\n              61.6794500443896\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.787841796875,\n              58.53959476664049\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.171142578125,\n              58.53959476664049\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14c9e4b0c8380cd54b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, C.A.","contributorId":50734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doukas, M.P.","contributorId":28615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, P.J.","contributorId":65312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035951,"text":"70035951 - 2011 - Functional profiles reveal unique ecological roles of various biological soil crust organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T20:32:47.894469","indexId":"70035951","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional profiles reveal unique ecological roles of various biological soil crust organisms","docAbstract":"<p><span>&nbsp;</span>At the heart of the body of research on biodiversity effects on ecosystem function is the debate over whether different species tend to be functionally singular or redundant. When we consider ecosystem multi‐function, the provision of multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously, we may find that seemingly redundant species may in fact play unique roles in ecosystems.</p><p><strong>2.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Over the last few decades, the significance of biological soil crusts (BSCs) as ecological boundaries and ecosystem engineers, and their multi‐functional nature, has become increasingly well documented. We compiled ‘functional profiles’ of the organisms in this understudied community, to determine whether functional singularity emerges when multiple ecosystem functions are considered.</p><p><strong>3.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>In two data sets, one representing multiple sites around the semi‐arid regions of Spain (regional scale), and another from a single site in central Spain (local scale), we examined correlations between the abundance or frequency of BSC species in a community, and multiple surrogates of ecosystem functioning. There was a wide array of apparent effects of species on specific functions.</p><p><strong>4.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Notably, in gypsiferous soils and at regional scale, we found that indicators of carbon (C) and phosphorus cycling were apparently suppressed and promoted by the lichens<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Diploschistes diacapsis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Squamarina lentigera</i>, respectively. The moss<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pleurochaete squarrosa</i><span>&nbsp;</span>appears to promote C cycling in calcareous soils at this spatial scale. At the local scale in gypsiferous soils,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D. diacapsis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>positively correlated with carbon cycling, but negatively with nitrogen cycling, whereas numerous lichens exhibited the opposite profile.</p><p><strong>5.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>We found a high degree of functional singularity, i.e. that species were highly individualistic in their effects on multiple functions. Many functional attributes were not easily predictable from existing functional grouping systems based primarily on morphology.</p><p><strong>6.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Our results suggest that maintaining species‐rich BSC communities is crucial to maintain the overall functionality of ecosystems dominated by these organisms, and that dominance and the outcome of competition could be highly influential in the determination of such functionality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01835.x","issn":"02698463","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Mau, R., Maestre, F., Escolar, C., and Castillo-Monroy, A.P., 2011, Functional profiles reveal unique ecological roles of various biological soil crust organisms: Functional Ecology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 787-795, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01835.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"795","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216293,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01835.x"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1414e4b0c8380cd548ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":453277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mau, R.L.","contributorId":51573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mau","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maestre, F.T.","contributorId":98959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maestre","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Escolar, C.","contributorId":92079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escolar","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Castillo-Monroy, A. P.","contributorId":18990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castillo-Monroy","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034436,"text":"70034436 - 2011 - Evaluation of ADCP apparent bed load velocity in a large sand-bed river: Moving versus stationary boat conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T12:37:14.336477","indexId":"70034436","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of ADCP apparent bed load velocity in a large sand-bed river: Moving versus stationary boat conditions","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>Detailed mapping of bathymetry and apparent bed load velocity using a boat-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was carried out along a 388-m section of the lower Missouri River near Columbia, Missouri. Sampling transects (moving boat) were completed at 5- and 20-m spacing along the study section. Stationary (fixed-boat) measurements were made by maintaining constant boat position over a target point where the position of the boat did not deviate more than 3&nbsp;m in any direction. For each transect and stationary measurement, apparent bed load velocity (<span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mi\">v</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mi\">b</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">vb</span></span></span>) was estimated using ADCP bottom tracking data and high precision real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS). The principal objectives of this research are to (1)&nbsp;determine whether boat motion introduces a bias in apparent bed load velocity measurements; and (2)&nbsp;evaluate the reliability of ADCP bed velocity measurements for a range of sediment transport environments. Results indicate that both high transport (<span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><msub><mover accent=&quot;true&quot;><mi>v</mi><mo>&amp;#xAF;</mo></mover><mi>b</mi></msub><mo>&amp;gt;</mo><mn>0.6</mn><mtext>&amp;#x2009;</mtext><mtext>&amp;#x2009;</mtext><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>s</mi></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mover\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mi\">v</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mo\">¯</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mi\">b</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mo\">&gt;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mn\">0.6</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mtext\"> </span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mtext\"> </span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mi\">m</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mo\">/</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">v¯b&gt;0.6  m/s</span></span></span>) and moving-boat conditions (for both high and low transport environments) increase the relative variability in estimates of mean bed velocity. Despite this, the spatially dense single-transect measurements were capable of producing detailed bed velocity maps that correspond closely with the expected pattern of sediment transport over large dunes.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000373","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Jamieson, E.C., Rennie, C.D., Jacobson, R., and Townsend, R.D., 2011, Evaluation of ADCP apparent bed load velocity in a large sand-bed river: Moving versus stationary boat conditions: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 137, no. 9, p. 1064-1071, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000373.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1064","endPage":"1071","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216621,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000373"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.01025390625,\n              38.46649284538942\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.73583984374999,\n              38.46649284538942\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.73583984374999,\n              39.37677199661635\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.01025390625,\n              39.37677199661635\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.01025390625,\n              38.46649284538942\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"137","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c0de4b0c8380cd529f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jamieson, E. C.","contributorId":97632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamieson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rennie, C. D.","contributorId":49927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rennie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Townsend, R. D.","contributorId":85328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Townsend","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036136,"text":"70036136 - 2011 - Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:37:02.235544","indexId":"70036136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","docAbstract":"Fungicides are used to prevent foliar diseases on a wide range of vegetable, field, fruit, and ornamental crops. They are generally more effective as protective rather than curative treatments, and hence tend to be applied before infections take place. Less than 1% of US soybeans were treated with a fungicide in 2002 but by 2006, 4% were treated. Like other pesticides, fungicides can move-off of fields after application and subsequently contaminate surface water, groundwater, and associated sediments. Due to the constant pressure from fungal diseases such as the recent Asian soybean rust outbreak, and the always-present desire to increase crop yields, there is the potential for a significant increase in the amount of fungicides used on US farms. Increased fungicide use could lead to increased environmental concentrations of these compounds. This study documents the occurrence of fungicides in select US streams soon after the first documentation of soybean rust in the US and prior to the corresponding increase in fungicide use to treat this problem. Water samples were collected from 29 streams in 13 states in 2005 and/or 2006, and analyzed for 12 target fungicides. Nine of the 12 fungicides were detected in at least one stream sample and at least one fungicide was detected in 20 of 29 streams. At least one fungicide was detected in 56% of the 103 samples, as many as five fungicides were detected in an individual sample, and mixtures of fungicides were common. Azoxystrobin was detected most frequently (45% of 103 samples) followed by metalaxyl (27%), propiconazole (17%), myclobutanil (9%), and tebuconazole (6%). Fungicide detections ranged from 0.002 to 1.15 &mu;/L. There was indication of a seasonal pattern to fungicide occurrence, with detections more common and concentrations higher in late summer and early fall than in spring. At a few sites, fungicides were detected in all samples collected suggesting the potential for season-long occurrence in some streams. Fungicide occurrence appears to be related to fungicide use in the associated drainage basins; however, current use information is generally lacking and more detailed occurrence data are needed to accurately quantify such a relation. Maximum concentrations of fungicides were typically one or more orders of magnitude less than current toxicity estimates for freshwater aquatic organisms or humans; however, gaps in current toxicological understandings of the effects of fungicides in the environment limit these interpretations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Sandstrom, M.W., Kuivila, K., Kolpin, D.W., and Meyer, M.T., 2011, Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 218, no. 1-4, p. 307-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bd3e4b0c8380cd748ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035092,"text":"70035092 - 2011 - Efficiency of time-lapse intervals and simple baits for camera surveys of wild pigs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-01T20:29:58.859652","indexId":"70035092","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficiency of time-lapse intervals and simple baits for camera surveys of wild pigs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Growing concerns surrounding established and expanding populations of wild pigs (</span><i>Sus scrofa</i><span>) have created the need for rapid and accurate surveys of these populations. We conducted surveys of a portion of the wild pig population on Fort Benning, Georgia, to determine if a longer time‐lapse interval than had been previously used in surveys of wild pigs would generate similar detection results. We concurrently examined whether use of soured corn at camera sites affected the time necessary for pigs to locate a new camera site or the time pigs remained at a site. Our results suggest that a 9‐min time‐lapse interval generated dependable detection results for pigs and that soured corn neither attracted pigs to a site any quicker than plain, dry, whole‐kernel corn, nor held them at a site longer. Maximization of time‐lapse interval should decrease data and processing loads, and use of a simple, available bait should decrease cost and effort associated with more complicated baits; combination of these concepts should increase efficiency of wild pig surveys.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.75","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Williams, B., Holtfreter, R., Ditchkoff, S., and Grand, J.B., 2011, Efficiency of time-lapse intervals and simple baits for camera surveys of wild pigs: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 3, p. 655-659, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.75.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"659","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215539,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.75"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Benning","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.9188232421875,\n              32.298741441902436\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.71145629882812,\n              32.298741441902436\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.71145629882812,\n              32.43213582305027\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.9188232421875,\n              32.43213582305027\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.9188232421875,\n              32.298741441902436\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0866e4b0c8380cd51ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B.L.","contributorId":69804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holtfreter, R.W.","contributorId":67315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtfreter","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ditchkoff, S.S.","contributorId":100580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ditchkoff","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036118,"text":"70036118 - 2011 - Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: The case study of episode 1 of the Kilauea Iki 1959 eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-28T18:58:42.143079","indexId":"70036118","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: The case study of episode 1 of the Kilauea Iki 1959 eruption","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hawaiian eruptions are characterized by fountains of gas and ejecta, sustained for hours to days that reach tens to hundreds of meters in height. Quantitative analysis of the pyroclastic products from the 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Iki, Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i, provides insights into the processes occurring during typical Hawaiian fountaining activity. This short-lived but powerful eruption contained 17 fountaining episodes and produced a cone and tephra blanket as well as a lava lake that interacted with the vent and fountain during all but the first episode of the eruption, the focus of this paper. Microtextural analysis of Hawaiian fountaining products from this opening episode is used to infer vesiculation processes within the fountain and shallow conduit. Vesicle number densities for all clasts are high (10</span><sup>6</sup><span>–10</span><sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>). Post-fragmentation expansion of bubbles within the thermally-insulated fountain overprints the pre-fragmentation bubble populations, leading to a reduction in vesicle number density and increase in mean vesicle size. However, early quenched rims of some clasts, with vesicle number densities approaching 10</span><sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>, are probably a valid approximation to magma conditions near fragmentation. The extent of clast evolution from low vesicle-to-melt ratio and corresponding high vesicle number density to higher vesicle-to-melt ratio and lower vesicle-number density corresponds to the length of residence time within the fountain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0426-z","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Stovall, W., Houghton, B.F., Gonnermann, H., Fagents, S., and Swanson, D., 2011, Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: The case study of episode 1 of the Kilauea Iki 1959 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 5, p. 511-529, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0426-z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"529","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0426-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.63232421875,\n              19.150357455407473\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24780273437497,\n              19.150357455407473\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24780273437497,\n              19.570142140282975\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.63232421875,\n              19.570142140282975\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.63232421875,\n              19.150357455407473\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a4be4b0c8380cd522c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stovall, W.K.","contributorId":74590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stovall","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonnermann, H.","contributorId":100233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonnermann","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fagents, S.A.","contributorId":58840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagents","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036153,"text":"70036153 - 2011 - Summer nitrate uptake and denitrification in an upper Mississippi River backwater lake: The role of rooted aquatic vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:38:04.983287","indexId":"70036153","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer nitrate uptake and denitrification in an upper Mississippi River backwater lake: The role of rooted aquatic vegetation","docAbstract":"<p><span>In-stream nitrogen processing in the Mississippi River has been suggested as one mechanism to reduce coastal eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic macrophytes in river channels and flood plain lakes have the potential to temporarily remove large quantities of nitrogen through assimilation both by themselves and by the attached epiphyton. In addition, rooted macrophytes act as oxygen pumps, creating aerobic microsites around their roots where coupled nitrification–denitrification can occur. We used in situ&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N–NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;tracer mesocosm experiments to measure nitrate assimilation rates for macrophytes, epiphyton, and microbial fauna in the sediment in Third Lake, a backwater lake of the upper Mississippi River during June and July 2005. We measured assimilation over a range of nitrate concentrations and estimated a nitrate mass balance for Third Lake. Macrophytes assimilated the most nitrate (29.5&nbsp;mg&nbsp;N&nbsp;m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) followed by sediment microbes (14.4&nbsp;mg&nbsp;N&nbsp;m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and epiphytes (5.7&nbsp;mg&nbsp;N&nbsp;m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>)</span><sub>.</sub><span>&nbsp;Assimilation accounted for 6.8% in June and 18.6% in July of total nitrate loss in the control chambers. However, denitrification (292.4&nbsp;mg&nbsp;N&nbsp;m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) is estimated to account for the majority (82%) of the nitrate loss. Assimilation and denitrification rates generally increased with increasing nitrate concentration but denitrification rates plateaued at about 5&nbsp;mg&nbsp;N&nbsp;L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. This suggests that backwaters have the potential to remove a relatively high amount of nitrate but will likely become saturated if the load becomes too large.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9503-9","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Kreiling, R., Richardson, W.B., Cavanaugh, J., and Bartsch, L., 2011, Summer nitrate uptake and denitrification in an upper Mississippi River backwater lake: The role of rooted aquatic vegetation: Biogeochemistry, v. 104, no. 1-3, p. 309-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9503-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"324","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218571,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9503-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.60302734375,\n              47.08508535995386\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.52636718749999,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.02099609375,\n              45.213003555993964\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.94433593749999,\n              44.62175409623324\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.77978515625,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.51611328125,\n              43.13306116240612\n 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cavanaugh, J.C.","contributorId":25269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavanaugh","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034731,"text":"70034731 - 2011 - The use of historical imagery in the remediation of an urban hazardous waste site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T20:19:38.915352","indexId":"70034731","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The use of historical imagery in the remediation of an urban hazardous waste site","docAbstract":"<p>The information derived from the interpretation of historical aerial photographs is perhaps the most basic multitemporal application of remote-sensing data. Aerial photographs dating back to the early 20th century can be extremely valuable sources of historical landscape activity. In this application, imagery from 1918 to 1927 provided a wealth of information about chemical weapons testing, storage, handling, and disposal of these hazardous materials. When analyzed by a trained photo-analyst, the 1918 aerial photographs resulted in 42 features of potential interest. When compared with current remedial activities and known areas of contamination, 33 of 42 or 78.5% of the features were spatially correlated with areas of known contamination or other remedial hazardous waste cleanup activity.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","language":"English","publisher":"The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2049254","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E., 2011, The use of historical imagery in the remediation of an urban hazardous waste site, <i>in</i> IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 4, no. 2, p. 281-291, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2049254.","startPage":"281","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215727,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2049254"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb189e4b08c986b325326","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, E.T.","contributorId":41132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176526,"text":"70176526 - 2011 - Concluding remarks: The way forward for urban ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:11:22","indexId":"70176526","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Concluding remarks: The way forward for urban ecology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Urban ecology: Patterns, processes, and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Niemela, J., Breuste, J., Elmqvist, T., Guntenspergen, G.R., James, P., and McIntyre, N., 2011, Concluding remarks: The way forward for urban ecology, chap. <i>of</i> Urban ecology: Patterns, processes, and applications, p. 319-322.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"322","ipdsId":"IP-021933","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/urban-ecology-9780199563562?cc=us&lang=en&"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f5aae4b0bc0bec0a17b6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Niemela, J.","contributorId":111992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niemela","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649108,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breuste, J.H.","contributorId":112095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breuste","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649109,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elmqvist, T.","contributorId":112263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmqvist","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649110,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649111,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, P.","contributorId":47888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649112,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McIntyre, N.E.","contributorId":18091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649113,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Niemela, J.","contributorId":111992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niemela","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breuste, J.H.","contributorId":112095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breuste","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elmqvist, Thomas","contributorId":30880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmqvist","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, P.","contributorId":47888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McIntyre, N.E.","contributorId":18091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033884,"text":"70033884 - 2011 - Calibration of models using groundwater age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T17:06:03","indexId":"70033884","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of models using groundwater age","docAbstract":"There have been substantial efforts recently by geochemists to determine the age of groundwater (time since water entered the system) and its uncertainty, and by hydrologists to use these data to help calibrate groundwater models. This essay discusses the calibration of models using groundwater age, with conclusions that emphasize what is practical given current limitations rather than theoretical possibilities.","language":"English, French","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0637-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., 2011, Calibration of models using groundwater age: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 1, p. 13-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0637-6.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f316e4b0c8380cd4b5c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036900,"text":"70036900 - 2011 - New information on the braincase of the North American therizinosaurian (Theropoda, Maniraptora) <i>Falcarius utahensis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-21T17:44:20","indexId":"70036900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2491,"text":"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New information on the braincase of the North American therizinosaurian (Theropoda, Maniraptora) <i>Falcarius utahensis</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many disarticulated bones from multiple individuals of a primitive therizinosaurian, referred to&nbsp;</span><i>Falcarius utahensis</i><span>, were found in the paucispecific Crystal Geyser bonebed in the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of eastern Utah. To date, more than 2000 specimens from this species have been excavated. Included in this collection are two partial braincases, one of which is designated the holotype. Here we describe the braincase morphology of</span><i>Falcarius utahensis</i><span>. These specimens help establish the primitive cranial condition for the Therizinosauria and further substantiate intraspecific and contralateral braincase pneumatic variation in theropods. When combined with new observations on the cranial remains of the therizinosaurid&nbsp;</span><i>Nothronychus mckinleyi</i><span>&nbsp;derived from computed tomographic (CT) scans, the braincase morphology of&nbsp;</span><i>Falcarius</i><span>&nbsp;clarifies several evolutionary trends within the Therizinosauria and establishes a suite of synapomorphies for the Therizinosauridae. Trends within the clade include increased basicranial pneumatization (the development of a basisphenoid bulla and loss of external subcondylar recesses), anterior deflection of the supraoccipital, and the reduction of points of origin of the craniocervical musculature, associated with the loss of discrete basipterygoid processes, probably due to incorporation of these structures into the expanded hyperpneumatic bone. Finally, CT scans reveal a complete, nearly avian, inner ear with bird-like semicircular canals and a long cochlea indicating broad frequency discrimination.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Oklahoma","doi":"10.1080/02724634.2011.549442","issn":"02724634","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Zanno, L.E., Sanders, R.K., Deblieux, D.D., and Kirkland, J.I., 2011, New information on the braincase of the North American therizinosaurian (Theropoda, Maniraptora) <i>Falcarius utahensis</i>: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 387-404, https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.549442.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"404","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.028076171875,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.028076171875,\n              39.07464374293249\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              39.07464374293249\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.028076171875,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6593e4b0c8380cd72c25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David","contributorId":56303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zanno, Lindsay E.","contributorId":173913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zanno","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27255,"text":"Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanders, R. Kent","contributorId":64068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[{"id":13252,"text":"University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deblieux, Donald D.","contributorId":173914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deblieux","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirkland, James I.","contributorId":173915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkland","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70192679,"text":"70192679 - 2011 - Paleocene coal deposits of the Wilcox group, central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:16:30.22818","indexId":"70192679","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"9","title":"Paleocene coal deposits of the Wilcox group, central Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Coal deposits in the Wilcox Group of central Texas have been regarded as the richest coal resources in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Although minable coal beds appear to be less numerous and generally higher in sulfur content (1 percent average, as-received basis; table 1) than Wilcox coal deposits in the Northeast Texas and Louisiana Sabine assessment areas (0.5 and 0.6 percent sulfur, respectively; table 1), net coal thickness in coal zones in central Texas is up to 32 ft thick and more persistent along strike (up to 15 mi) at or near the surface than coals of any other Gulf Coast assessment area. The rank of the coal beds in central Texas is generally lignite (table 1), but some coal ranks as great as subbituminous C have been reported (Mukhopadhyay, 1989). The outcrop of the Wilcox Group in central Texas strikes northeast, extends for approximately 140 mi between the Trinity and Colorado Rivers, and covers parts of Bastrop, Falls, Freestone, Lee, Leon, Limestone, Milam, Navarro, Robertson, and Williamson Counties (Figure 1). Three formations, in ascending order, the Hooper, Simsboro, and Calvert Bluff, are recognized in central Texas (Figure 2). The Wilcox Group is underlain conformably by the Midway Group, a mudstone-dominated marine sequence, and is overlain and scoured locally by the Carrizo Sand, a fluvial unit at the base of the Claiborne Group.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., Warwick, P.D., SanFilipo, J., Schultz, A.C., Nichols, D.J., and Swanson, S.M., 2011, Paleocene coal deposits of the Wilcox group, central Texas, chap. 9 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 179-191.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"191","ipdsId":"IP-020038","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726446,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726447,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources 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