Contaminated water‐bearing fractures intersected by open‐hole bedrock wells were preliminarily delineated through a combination of geophysical logging, vertical‐flow measurements, and downhole water sampling as part of remedial site investigations in southeastern New York. The wells investigated range from 100 to 450 feet in depth, have only shallow surface casing, and intersect multiple water‐bearing zones. The distribution of water‐bearing zones that intersect the wells was determined from single‐point resistance, caliper, fluid‐resistivity, temperature, and acoustic‐televiewer logs. Measurable flow in the wells was downward from upper producing zones to lower receiving zones that are poorly connected in the aquifer and that differ in hydraulic head as a result of nearby pumping. A down hole sampler was used to collect discrete and composite water samples for analysis of volatile organic compounds from producing zones that are self‐purging as a result of flow in the wells.
The results obtained at two of the study sites are presented—the Spring Valley wellfield and the Mahopac business district. At the Spring Valley wellfield, a supply well completed in Mesozoic sandstone and conglomerate intersects water‐bearing zones at depths of 204 to 245 feet that produced contaminated water that was received by a zone at 278 feet. In the same well, a deeper zone at 345 feet produced uncontaminated water that was received by a zone at 403 feet. Correlation of information from the well, geophysical logs and drill cores from nearby monitoring wells, and bedrock outcrops indicates that most of the water‐bearing zones are bedding‐plane separations that probably provide pathways for contaminant transport in the bedrock aquifer for significant distances.
In the Mahopac business district, a deep test well completed in Precambrian gneiss intersected shallow waterbearing zones at 50 to 79 feet that produced contaminated water that was received by deep zones at 260 and 328 feet. The water‐bearing zones consist of single or closely spaced multiple fractures with dips of 5 to 50 degrees. By analogy with the results from this test well, deep open‐hole wells in the area may serve as “short circuits” in the ground water flow system and allow direct transport of contaminants to deeper zones in the fractured‐bedrock aquifer.
The methods presented can be used to investigate ground water flow and contamination in fractured‐bedrock aquifers in advance of more focused monitoring programs. The methods can be applied in existing open‐hole wells before test drilling and monitoring well installation to provide for efficient program design. The methods also can be used during the installation of monitoring wells to help determine completion depths and open intervals and to ensure that the wells are not serving as conduits for the flow of contaminated water.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1990.tb00028.x","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Conger, R.W., 1990, Preliminary delineation of contaminated water-bearing fractures intersected by open-hole bedrock wells: Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, v. 10, no. 4, p. 118-126, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1990.tb00028.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Mahopec, Spring Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.0833854675293,\n 41.09435964868545\n ],\n [\n -74.02244567871092,\n 41.09435964868545\n ],\n [\n -74.02244567871092,\n 41.13988169508488\n ],\n [\n -74.0833854675293,\n 41.13988169508488\n ],\n [\n -74.0833854675293,\n 41.09435964868545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.76581192016602,\n 41.36225128971916\n ],\n [\n -73.71585845947266,\n 41.36225128971916\n ],\n [\n -73.71585845947266,\n 41.40011918484133\n ],\n [\n -73.76581192016602,\n 41.40011918484133\n ],\n [\n -73.76581192016602,\n 41.36225128971916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171308,"text":"70171308 - 1990 - Landslides caused by the intense precipitation of Hurricane Hugo in El Yunque and surrounding areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:04:57.225086","indexId":"70171308","displayToPublicDate":"1990-11-21T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Landslides caused by the intense precipitation of Hurricane Hugo in El Yunque and surrounding areas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Boletin Oficial de la Sociedad de Historia Natural de Puerto Rico","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"Spanish","publisher":"Sociedad de Historia Natural","publisherLocation":"San Juan, PR","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., 1990, Landslides caused by the intense precipitation of Hurricane Hugo in El Yunque and surrounding areas, v. 24, no. 12, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b6e4b053f0edd03c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70208935,"text":"70208935 - 1990 - Field methods for measurement of ground water redox chemical parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T18:25:24","indexId":"70208935","displayToPublicDate":"1990-11-05T18:23:17","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1866,"text":"Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field methods for measurement of ground water redox chemical parameters","docAbstract":"An inexpensive, versatile, and portable system is presented, which facilitates rapid field determinations of redox potentials, pH, conductivity, ferrous and total iron, nitrite, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Accuracy is facilitated by on‐site measurements of most parameters using specially constructed flow‐through cells and, for several analyses, sealed reagent ampoules, which can be broken and developed inside a flowing stream of ground water. Coupled with laboratory analyses of more stable ground water parameters, this system can provide accurate and relatively inexpensive determinations of redox conditions in ground water.
Uchucchacua is an Ag-Mn-Pb-Zn vein, replacement, and skarn mineral district in the central Andes of Peru. Host rocks are massive Jumasha Formation shelf limestones of Turonian age that have been folded into an asymmetric northeast-verging anticline of Andean trend. Strata near the fold crest are cut by minor dacitic intrusions and have been displaced by a conjugate set of steep wrench faults that strike northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest. Most ore occurrences are restricted to host rocks that lie below marly limestone at the top of the middle Jumasha Formation. Vein ores located along the fracture system have formed by fissure infill and by replacement of limestone wall rocks. Larger sheetlike replacement orebodies are parallel and adjacent to a large fault. Replacement is in zones of brecciation adjacent to fault bends which were dilatent during sinistral slip of the master fracture. Such fracture belts may have been subject to paleokarst solution processes before mineralization.Four paragenetic stages have been identified. Fe, Mn, and Si were introduced at the exoskarn stage (I) as the anhydrous silicates ferroan tephroite, johannsenite, rhodonite, and bustamite. During the early main stage (II) ferroan tephroite was replaced by friedelite and magnetite under oxidizing conditions at a relatively low pH. Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu, and B were introduced; principal sulfides are pyrrhotite, Fe-rich sphalerite, Mn-rich wurtzite, alabandite, galena, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite. Pyrrhotite was replaced by other sulfides during later stage II. Main gangue minerals were calcite, kutnohorite, rhodochrosite, and quartz. Ag, As, and Sb were introduced during the late stage (III) in the form of sulfosalts, principally pyrargyrite. Redistribution of metals introduced at stage II resulted in the growth of Fe-poor sphalerite and alabandite accompanied by calcite gangue. Decreasing Fe contents of alabandite and sphalerite during late stage II and stage III, together with the appearance of pyrite, indicate an increase in sulfur fugacity and/or decrease in temperature over this period. The supergene stage (IV) affects the upper 30 to 150 m of most veins and involves the growth of Mn hydroxides, goethite, orpiment, marcasite, cerussite, and siderite.Distribution patterns of metal ratios and high metal values define ore bands, with a succession of antiforms and synforms. Ore-band locations are determined by vein width, itself a function of wall-rock reactivity, and fracture permeability. Metal ratio distributions in the Luz vein show symmetric dispersion of metals at right angles to the ore-band axis. Ag shows the least dispersion with progressively greater dispersion of Pb and Zn.Geologic considerations indicate mineralization at a minimum depth of 1,600 m. Most primary fluid inclusions in calcite of probable stage II origin were trapped over a temperature range of about 200 degrees to 337 degrees C (hydrostatic pressure) or about 225 degrees to 362 degrees C (lithostatic). Fluid inclusions from late stage II quartz were trapped at about 165 degrees to 205 degrees C (hydrostatic) or 190 degrees to 230 degrees C (lithostatic). Salinity ranged from 0.5 to 29.7 equiv wt percent NaCl-CaCl 2with little relation to temperature. Calcite 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values of 0.70743 to 0.71122 extend well outside the range of values both determined for magmatic rocks of the region and estimated for the host limestones but are probably compatible with older sedimentary rocks of the mine district. Salinity levels and NaCl/CaCl 2 ratios are similar to basinal brines associated with Mississippi Valley-type deposits. It is concluded that basinal brine, expelled from the deforming Mesozoic sequence, was a significant component of the ore fluid. This fluid was probably heated by dacitic magmas or cooling dacitic intrusions; a polygenetic high-salinity magmatic-basinal fluid then rose along existing strike-slip fractures toward the mineralization site where it mixed with heated low-salinity ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.85.7.1348","usgsCitation":"Bussell, M.A., 1990, The Ag-Mn-Pb-Zn vein, replacement, and skarn deposits of Uchucchacua, Peru; studies of structure, mineralogy, metal zoning, Sr isotopes, and fluid inclusions: Economic Geology, v. 85, no. 7, p. 1348-1383, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.85.7.1348.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"1348","endPage":"1383","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357493,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","city":"Uchucchacua","volume":"85","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1127e2e4b034bf6a81ff90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bussell, M. Andrew","contributorId":208007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bussell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70242138,"text":"70242138 - 1990 - Influence of exchange flow between the channel and hyporheic zone on nitrate production in a small mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T16:05:09.625825","indexId":"70242138","displayToPublicDate":"1990-11-01T10:44:17","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of exchange flow between the channel and hyporheic zone on nitrate production in a small mountain stream","docAbstract":"Variation in local exchange of flows between the channel and hyporheic zone produced temporally shifting concentration gradients of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and ammonium in subsurface waters of a small, gravel-cobble bed stream. Channel water advected laterally supplied dissolved oxygen, and groundwater supplied ammonium to support hyporheic nitrification. Nitrate production was highest in sediment slurries from aerobic hyporheic sites, was absent at nearly anoxic sites, and was stopped by nitrification inhibitors (chlorate and nitrapyrin). Ammonium amendment to sediment slurries only slightly enhanced nitrate production indicating that sorption competed with biota for available substrate. Nitrate concentration increased from 75–130 μg N/L during 9 d of ammonium amendment to a hyporheic subsurface flow. Ammonium concentration rose slowly relative to a sulfate tracer initially, and declined slowly after cutoff as ammonium desorbed. Nitrate levels remained elevated for 6 d after cutoff as desorbed ammonium became biotically available. Interactions between the channel's hydrology, lithology, and biology such as we observed in nitrate production are probably more common than reported. However, the magnitude of the resulting nutrient flux will depend on factors which determine the depth and lateral extension of suitable hyporheic habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f90-235","usgsCitation":"Triska, F.J., Duff, J.H., and Avanzino, R.J., 1990, Influence of exchange flow between the channel and hyporheic zone on nitrate production in a small mountain stream: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 47, no. 11, p. 2099-2111, https://doi.org/10.1139/f90-235.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2099","endPage":"2111","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Little Lost Man Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.03244106758353,\n 41.328463218943966\n ],\n [\n -124.03059793420829,\n 41.32703448016892\n ],\n [\n -124.02691166745758,\n 41.327123777260596\n ],\n [\n -124.02274975338409,\n 41.325114563105274\n ],\n [\n -124.02126335550065,\n 41.320247543144234\n ],\n [\n -124.01739872100406,\n 41.31654121994583\n ],\n [\n -124.01436646932177,\n 41.31171821879175\n ],\n [\n -124.00718115192787,\n 41.30411614736619\n ],\n [\n -124.00230576687059,\n 41.29460196229314\n ],\n [\n -124.00599203362086,\n 41.29013490371628\n ],\n [\n -124.00408944433025,\n 41.28298669576182\n ],\n [\n -123.99939242701863,\n 41.28182503800278\n ],\n [\n -123.99552779252204,\n 41.27677605443583\n ],\n [\n -123.99279282041664,\n 41.26962638310289\n ],\n [\n -123.99112805478728,\n 41.2702520106055\n ],\n [\n -123.99023621605713,\n 41.28102080128784\n ],\n [\n -123.99172261394057,\n 41.28705233507293\n ],\n [\n -123.99558724843742,\n 41.29049229355701\n ],\n [\n -123.99974916251065,\n 41.2936640426058\n ],\n [\n -124.00718115192787,\n 41.307856559683415\n ],\n [\n -124.01425640585288,\n 41.31495738572801\n ],\n [\n -124.01479150909077,\n 41.31741346626501\n ],\n [\n -124.01906976121327,\n 41.321717901257216\n ],\n [\n -124.02121017416516,\n 41.32720989278846\n ],\n [\n -124.02709630978336,\n 41.32953157113738\n ],\n [\n -124.03215006258677,\n 41.329799451776836\n ],\n [\n -124.03732272722092,\n 41.32805820793112\n ],\n [\n -124.04570601128302,\n 41.32167324902312\n ],\n [\n -124.04386287790778,\n 41.31662734945965\n ],\n [\n -124.0420387593137,\n 41.31634090426624\n ],\n [\n -124.04284141417068,\n 41.321163563392645\n ],\n [\n -124.0340419387012,\n 41.3270127913504\n ],\n [\n -124.03244106758353,\n 41.328463218943966\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triska, Frank J.","contributorId":88781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216610,"text":"70216610 - 1990 - Simulation of lake evaporation with application to modeling lake level variations of Harney‐Malheur Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:18:00.754754","indexId":"70216610","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-30T15:11:11","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of lake evaporation with application to modeling lake level variations of Harney‐Malheur Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"A physically based eddy diffusion model for simulating the seasonal variation in lake temperature and evaporation is presented and validated. Because no lake‐specific fitting of the parameters of the model is necessary, the model can be used to simulate evaporation in studies of climate change and lake hydrology in a variety of settings. The eddy diffusion model is used to simulate evaporation for input to a simple lake level model that is applied to reconstruct recent fluctuations in the level of Harney‐Malheur Lake caused by climatic variations.
A field-scale soil liner was constructed to test whether compacted soil barriers in cover and liner systems could be built to meet the U.S. EPA saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement (⩽ 1 × 10−7 cm s−1). The 8 × 15 × 0.9 m liner was constructed in 15 cm compacted lifts using a 20,037 kg pad-foot compactor and standard engineering practices. Water infiltration into the liner has been monitored for one year. Monitoring will continue until water break through at the base of the liner occurs. Estimated saturated hydraulic conductivities were 2.5 × 10−9, 4.0 × 10−8, and 5.0 × 10−8 cm s−1 based on measurements of water infiltration into the liner by large- and small-ring infiltrometers and a water balance analysis, respectively.
Also investigated in this research was the variability of the liner's hydraulic properties and estimates of the transit times for water and tracers. Small variances exhibited by small-ring flux data suggested that the liner was homogeneous with respect to infiltration fluxes. The predictions of water and tracer breakthrough at the base of the liner ranged from 2.4–12.6 y, depending on the method of calculation and assumptions made. The liner appeared to be saturated to a depth between 18 and 33 cm at the end of the first year of monitoring. Transit time calculations cannot be verified yet, since breakthrough has not occurred. The work conducted so far indicates that compacted soil barriers can be constructed to meet the saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement established by the U.S. EPA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0734-242X(91)90005-R","issn":"0734242X","usgsCitation":"Krapac, I., Cartwright, K., Panno, S., Hensel, B., Rehfeldt, K., and Herzog, B., 1990, Water movement through an experimental soil liner: Waste Management and Research, v. 9, no. 3, p. 195-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-242X(91)90005-R.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"204","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc85ae4b08c986b32c8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cartwright, K.","contributorId":50292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hensel, B.R.","contributorId":83669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rehfeldt, K.R.","contributorId":37079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehfeldt","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herzog, B.L.","contributorId":107030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016113,"text":"70016113 - 1990 - Paleontological analysis of a lacustrine carbonaceous uranium deposit at the Anderson mine, Date Creek basin, west-central Arizona (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-20T15:40:42.053632","indexId":"70016113","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleontological analysis of a lacustrine carbonaceous uranium deposit at the Anderson mine, Date Creek basin, west-central Arizona (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"The Tertiary sedimentary sequence of the Date Creek basin area of Arizona is composed principally of intertonguing alluvial-fan and lacustrine deposits. The lacustrine rocks contain large intermediate- to, locally, high-grade uranium deposits that form one of the largest uranium resources in the United States (an estimated 670,000 tons of U3O8 at an average grade of 0.023% is indicated by drilling to date). At the Anderson mine, about 50,000 tons of U3O8 occurs in lacustrine carbonaceous siltstones and mudstones (using a cutoff grade of 0.01%). The Anderson mine constitutes a new class of ore deposit, a lacustrine carbonaceous uranium deposit.
Floral and faunal remains at the Anderson mine played a critical role in creating and documenting conditions necessary for uranium mineralization. Organic-rich, uraniferous rocks at the Anderson mine contain plant remains and ostracodes having remarkably detailed preservation of internal features because of infilling by opaline silica. This preservation suggests that the alkaline lake waters in the mine area contained high concentrations of dissolved silica and that silicification occurred rapidly, before compaction or cementation of the enclosing sediment. Uranium coprecipitated with the silica. Thinly laminated, dark-colored, siliceous beds contain centric diatoms preserved with carbonaceous material suggesting that lake waters at the mine were locally deep and anoxic. These alkaline, silica-charged waters and a stagnant, anoxic environment in parts of the lake were necessary conditions for the precipitation of large amounts of uranium in the lake-bottom sediments.
Sediments at the Anderson mine contain plant remains and pollen that were derived from diverse vegetative zones suggesting about 1500 m of relief in the area at the time of deposition. The pollen suggests that the valley floor was semiarid and subtropical, whereas nearby mountains supported temperate deciduous forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-1368(90)90053-P","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., Bradbury, J., Forester, R.M., and Hanley, J., 1990, Paleontological analysis of a lacustrine carbonaceous uranium deposit at the Anderson mine, Date Creek basin, west-central Arizona (U.S.A.): Ore Geology Reviews, v. 5, no. 5-6, p. 541-552, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(90)90053-P.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Date Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.4616809974006,\n 34.528266298301475\n ],\n [\n -113.4616809974006,\n 34.15430996365748\n ],\n [\n -112.92992083144043,\n 34.15430996365748\n ],\n [\n -112.92992083144043,\n 34.528266298301475\n ],\n [\n -113.4616809974006,\n 34.528266298301475\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7433e4b0c8380cd774e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, J. K.","contributorId":52589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanley, J.H.","contributorId":35011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanley","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70124365,"text":"70124365 - 1990 - Opportunities to protect instream flows and wetland uses of water in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T13:50:25","indexId":"70124365","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-01T13:43:45","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 90(6)","title":"Opportunities to protect instream flows and wetland uses of water in Florida","docAbstract":"This document combines the efforts of several individuals, agencies, and organizations toward a common objective: the identification, description, and preliminary evaluation of promising opportunities for protecting instream uses of water under existing laws in Florida.
\nthis report is intended for the use of State and Federal planning and management personnel who need an overview of potential opportunities for preserving instream flows. It is not intended to replace or challenge the advice of agency counsel, nor is it written to provide legal advice. Instead, it is designed as a guide for the person trying to find his way among sometimes bewildering State statutes and administrative practices. This report is not, and should not be taken as, official policy or prediction of future actions by any agency. It is simply a summary of some potential opportunities for protecting instream uses.
\nToward these objectives, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, through its Water Resource Analysis Project, contracted in 1977 with R. Dewsnup and D. Jensen to identify available strategies under State and Federal laws, interstate compacts, and water quality laws. A second firm, Enviro Control, Inc., was contracted to evaluate the most promising strategies. The resulting documents reported instream flow strategies for 11 States. These reports have been revised, updated, and combined in a number of new monographs, and the Service has added more States to this service over the years. The discussion of instream flow programs and opportunities for each State is written so that each report can be read independently, with minimal cross-referencing from one State report to another. The opportunities for Florida are summarized in the table.
","language":"English","publisher":"Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Burkardt, N., 1990, Opportunities to protect instream flows and wetland uses of water in Florida, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9b5e4b0239f1986bac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70124338,"text":"70124338 - 1990 - A sensitivity analysis of nine diversity and seven similarity indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T12:58:13","indexId":"70124338","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-01T12:53:36","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3264,"text":"Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sensitivity analysis of nine diversity and seven similarity indices","docAbstract":"Indices summarizing community structure are used to evaluate fundamental community ecology, species interaction, biogeographical factors, and environmental stress. Some of these indices are insensitive to gross community changes induced by contaminants of pollution.
\nSixteen indices commonly used to assess the status of aquatic communities in water quality studies were evaluated using computer simulation techniques to determine specific index responses. Three communities of different initial structure (19 species, 38 species, and 83 species) were generated using the lognormal equation. Each community was then perturbed in three ways: common species disproportionally reduced, all species proportionally reduced, and rare species disproportionally reduced. The behavior of the indices was analyzed graphically and differential response due to initial community structure and type of community change was documented. Some recommendations of potential sources of error using community levels indices were developed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Water Pollution Control Federation","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Boyle, T.P., Smillie, G.M., Anderson, J.C., and Beeson, D.R., 1990, A sensitivity analysis of nine diversity and seven similarity indices: Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, v. 62, no. 6, p. 749-762.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"749","endPage":"762","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b99ce4b0239f1986ba01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyle, Terrence P.","contributorId":99480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Terrence","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smillie, Gary M.","contributorId":7635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smillie","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Jana C.","contributorId":62943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Jana","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeson, David R.","contributorId":12381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199818,"text":"70199818 - 1990 - Stoichiometry of mineral reactions from mass balance computations for acid mine waters, Iron Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T09:38:08","indexId":"70199818","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-01T09:36:17","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stoichiometry of mineral reactions from mass balance computations for acid mine waters, Iron Mountain, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acid-mine drainage : Designing for closure","language":"English","publisher":"BiTech Publishers","publisherLocation":"Vancouver, B.C.","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1990, Stoichiometry of mineral reactions from mass balance computations for acid mine waters, Iron Mountain, California, chap. of Acid-mine drainage : Designing for closure, p. 23-33.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Iron Mountain","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1127e2e4b034bf6a81ff94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":746780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222237,"text":"5222237 - 1990 - Effects of winter undernutrition on body composition and physiological profiles of white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-27T16:50:37.216676","indexId":"5222237","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of winter undernutrition on body composition and physiological profiles of white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"We examined the effects of undernutrition and recovery on body composition and blood and urinary profiles of 6 captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) between 18 December 1984 and 3 May 1985. Deer were weighed, and blood and urine were collected every 2 weeks from 10 January to 3 May. At Weeks 2, 8, and 14, body composition was estimated by the dilution of tritiated water technique and standard predictive equations. Feed intake decreased and cumulative mass loss increased during nutritional restriction. Baseline body composition included 62.1± 0.9 (SE)% water, 11.9 ± 1.0% fat, 20.5 ± 0.7% protein, and 4.5 ± 0.0% ash. Percent protein loss was linearly related (r2 = 0.91, P < 0.001) to percent mass loss. Peak mass loss from the beginning of the study (12.8 ± 2.0%) occurred at Week 12; estimated protein loss was 12.5%. Fat reserves were 85% depleted from Week 2 to Week 14. Elevated packed cell volume (PCV), serum calcium (Ca), cholesterol, triglycerides, and cortisol; and diminished serum urea nitrogen, thyroxine (T4), urinary urea nitrogen: creatinine and potassium: creatinine were associated with reduced food intake, mass loss, and decreases in body water, fat, and protein. Altered values of most of these blood and urinary characteristics reflected initiation of nutritional recovery after nutrition improved. Sequential data collection and the use of a combination of indices in blood or urine will yield the most useful assessments of animal nutrition and condition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809347","usgsCitation":"DelGiudice, G.D., Mech, L., and Seal, U.S., 1990, Effects of winter undernutrition on body composition and physiological profiles of white-tailed deer: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 4, p. 539-550, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809347.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"550","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Grand Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6906080210518,\n 47.319963672358455\n ],\n [\n -93.6906080210518,\n 47.17455629377798\n ],\n [\n -93.36103019734246,\n 47.17455629377798\n ],\n [\n -93.36103019734246,\n 47.319963672358455\n ],\n [\n -93.6906080210518,\n 47.319963672358455\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fafe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DelGiudice, Glenn D.","contributorId":32849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelGiudice","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal, Ulysses S.","contributorId":25494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Ulysses","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007537,"text":"1007537 - 1990 - Photosynthetic pathways in freshwater aquatic plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T16:57:39.94239","indexId":"1007537","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photosynthetic pathways in freshwater aquatic plants","docAbstract":"Recent studies show that generalizations about photosynthetic pathways, derived from terrestrial plant studies, do not apply to aquatic plants. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is of selective value not only in arid environments, where it enhances water-use efficiency, but also in aquatic plants of oligotrophic waters, where it enhances competitive ability in carbon acquisition. C4 photosynthesis is present in many aquatic species, but in these species it is not coupled with the specialized anatomy of terrestrial C4 plants. The ratio of the stable carbon isotopes, 13C/12C, in the biomass of terrestrial plants is a marker of their photosynthetic pathway. In aquatic environments, additional resistances to carbon-isotope fractionation make this technique of limited use in detecting photosynthetic pathways.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-5347(90)90180-L","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1990, Photosynthetic pathways in freshwater aquatic plants: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 10, p. 330-333, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(90)90180-L.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"333","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685fb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199775,"text":"70199775 - 1990 - In situ retention-transport response to nitrate loading and storm discharge in a third-order stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T15:19:37","indexId":"70199775","displayToPublicDate":"1990-09-01T15:18:19","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ retention-transport response to nitrate loading and storm discharge in a third-order stream","docAbstract":"Nitrate retention was assayed in a 264-m reach of a third-order stream, Little Lost Man Creek, Humboldt County, California, USA. Nitrate budgets (24-48 hours) were calculated under background conditions, and during four other intervals of modified nitrate concentration caused by nutrient amendment or storm-enhanced discharge. Under background, low-flow conditions, the reach was a source of nitrate to downstream communities. Retention during the first 36 hours of nitrate amendment was dominated by storage in the hyporheic zone and later by biotic uptake as storage zones became saturated (plateau concentration). The increase in net retention caused by increased nitrate concentration decreased output/input (O/I) ratio from 1.11 before amendment to 0.61 after 36 hours, and to 0.86 after transient storage zones were filled. Dilution, caused by a nearly four-fold increase in discharge, increased biotic retention and also export as previously stored nitrate leached from the hyporheic zone into the channel. Nitrate continued to leach from the hyporheic zone seven days after the amendment ended. This type of response may enhance biotic nutrient cycling by providing waters of higher nutrient concentration to partially scoured epilithic surfaces following reset of the benthic community by a major storm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.2307/1467586","usgsCitation":"Triska, F.J., Kennedy, V.C., Avanzino, R.J., Zellweger, G.W., and Bencala, K.E., 1990, In situ retention-transport response to nitrate loading and storm discharge in a third-order stream: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 9, no. 3, p. 229-239, https://doi.org/10.2307/1467586.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"239","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Little Lost Man Creek","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1127e2e4b034bf6a81ff96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triska, Frank J.","contributorId":88781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":746565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":116,"text":"116 - 1990 - Guidelines for the collection, treatment, and analysis of water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Western Region field manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T13:18:02","indexId":"116","displayToPublicDate":"1990-09-01T13:16:53","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Guidelines for the collection, treatment, and analysis of water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Western Region field manual","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/116","usgsCitation":"Sylvester, M.A., Kister, L.R., and Garrett, W.B., 1990, Guidelines for the collection, treatment, and analysis of water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Western Region field manual, vi, 144 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/116.","productDescription":"vi, 144 p.","numberOfPages":"150","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e5ae4b0beb42bdca452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sylvester, Marc A.","contributorId":90706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sylvester","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kister, Lester R.","contributorId":83451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kister","given":"Lester","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrett, W. B.","contributorId":23963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015943,"text":"70015943 - 1990 - Variations in suspended sediment and associated trace element concentrations in selected riverine cross sections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T11:00:07.093009","indexId":"70015943","displayToPublicDate":"1990-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in suspended sediment and associated trace element concentrations in selected riverine cross sections","docAbstract":"Detailed sampling and subsequent analyses of riverine suspended sediment obtained from six rivers in the United States indicate substantial differences in suspended sediment concentrations and possibly in some associated trace elements, depending on whether depth- and width-integrated, point, or pumping samples are used. In addition, the data from time-series, depth-integrated sampling indicate that there can be substantial short-term (on the order of 20-30 min) spatial and/or temporal variations in suspended-sediment concentrations. Despite this, major element concentrations are remarkably stable both spatially and temporally. Trace element concentrations are generally stable; however, some spatial and temporal variations may occur.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00079a003","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Rinella, F., Lamothe, P.J., Miller, T.L., Edwards, T.K., Roche, R.L., and Rickert, D.A., 1990, Variations in suspended sediment and associated trace element concentrations in selected riverine cross sections: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 24, no. 9, p. 1313-1320, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00079a003.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1320","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc18be4b08c986b32a62d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":886961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Timothy L.","contributorId":9263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas K. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":104477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas","email":"tce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roche, Richard L.","contributorId":331214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roche","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rickert, David A.","contributorId":80247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickert","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70174001,"text":"70174001 - 1990 - Selenium and other elements in juvenile striped bass from the San Joaquin Valley and San Francisco Estuary, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:53:10","indexId":"70174001","displayToPublicDate":"1990-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium and other elements in juvenile striped bass from the San Joaquin Valley and San Francisco Estuary, California","docAbstract":"Concentrations of selenium and other trace elements were determined in 55 whole body samples of juvenile anadromous striped bass (Morone saxatilis) from the San Joaquin Valley and San Francisco Estuary, California. The fish (≤1 yr old—the predominant life stage in the San Joaquin Valley) were collected in September–December 1986 from 19 sites in the Valley and 3 sites in the Estuary, and analyzed for the following elements: aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), boron (B), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). When compared to concentrations in whole freshwater fish measured by surveys from other waters, a few samples contained higher levels, of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Se. The median concentrations of Al, As, Cu, Fe, Mg, Se, and Sr also differed significantly (P⩽0.05) among sites. However, only Se concentrations were highest (up to 7.9 μg/g dry weight) in samples from Valley sites exposed to agricultural subsurface (tile) drainwater; concentrations were lower in samples collected elsewhere. Water quality variables—especially those strongly influenced by tile drainwater (conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, and total hardness)—were also significantly correlated (P⩽0.05) with Se concentrations in fish. Selenium concentrations in striped bass from the Estuary were only one-fourth to one-half the concentrations measured in the most contaminated fish from the San Joaquin River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01183990","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., and Palawski, D.U., 1990, Selenium and other elements in juvenile striped bass from the San Joaquin Valley and San Francisco Estuary, California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 19, no. 5, p. 717-730, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01183990.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"730","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary, San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25036621093749,\n 38.16047628099622\n ],\n [\n -121.7120361328125,\n 38.302869955150044\n ],\n [\n -121.4373779296875,\n 38.31149091244452\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 37.97884504049713\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 37.98750437106374\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 38.12159327165922\n ],\n [\n -122.25036621093749,\n 38.16047628099622\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a654ae4b07657d1a11e79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palawski, Donald U.","contributorId":17384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palawski","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185524,"text":"70185524 - 1990 - Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled reactions: A feed forward simulation method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:28:58","indexId":"70185524","displayToPublicDate":"1990-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled reactions: A feed forward simulation method","docAbstract":"The feed forward method (FF method) is one of the ways of formulating operational equations which simulate transport of solutes influenced by equilibrium-controlled reaction networks. The FF method provides increased solution efficiency by adapting its formulations to some of the network's fundamental features. In this study the FF method is further developed by adapting and testing it for a variety of network conditions. Classes of homogeneous, classical heterogeneous, and ion exchange network segments are studied. Networks may contain only a single class of segments or they may involve two or three segment classes. The FF method is found applicable to all the cases tested. In only one of these cases, for the more complex configurations of network segments, the FF method does not attain all of its objectives. A systematic, stepwise approach to method development is employed. It reveals, for certain subnetworks, an a priori inadmissibility, irrespective of the method used, and, for some other networks, an a priori irrelevance to transport dynamics. It also demonstrates that when certain subnetworks, belonging to different segment classes, form a single network, synergism (or antagonism) may occasionally arise and decrease (or increase) the difficulty of solving the transport problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i009p02029","usgsCitation":"Rubin, J., 1990, Solute transport with multisegment, equilibrium-controlled reactions: A feed forward simulation method: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 9, p. 2029-2055, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i009p02029.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"2029","endPage":"2055","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df07e4b05ec79911d1ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185816,"text":"70185816 - 1990 - Use of tree-ring chemistry to document historical ground-water contamination events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T11:43:38","indexId":"70185816","displayToPublicDate":"1990-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of tree-ring chemistry to document historical ground-water contamination events","docAbstract":"The annual growth rings of tulip trees (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) appear to preserve a chemical record of ground-water contamination at a landfill in Maryland. Zones of elevated iron and chlorine concentrations in growth rings from trees immediately downgradient from the landfill are closely correlated temporally with activities in the landfill expected to generate iron and chloride contamination in the ground water. Successively later iron peaks in trees increasingly distant from the landfill along the general direction of ground-water flow imply movement of iron-contaminated ground water away from the landfill. The historical velocity of iron movement (2 to 9 m/yr) and chloride movement (at least 40 m/yr) in ground water at the site was estimated from element-concentration trends of trees at successive distances from the landfill. The tree-ring-derived chloride-transport velocity approximates the known ground-water velocity (30 to 80 m/yr). A minimum horizontal hydraulic conductivity (0.01 to .02 cm/s) calculated from chloride velocity agrees well with values derived from aquifer tests (about 0.07 cm/s) and from ground-water modeling results (0.009 to 0.04 cm/s).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1990.tb01983.x","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., and Yanosky, T.M., 1990, Use of tree-ring chemistry to document historical ground-water contamination events: Groundwater, v. 28, no. 5, p. 677-684, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1990.tb01983.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"684","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81fe4b02ff32c68573a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yanosky, Thomas M.","contributorId":40589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003174,"text":"1003174 - 1990 - Factors influencing mercury concentrations in walleyes in northern Wisconsin lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-07T15:13:10.942478","indexId":"1003174","displayToPublicDate":"1990-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing mercury concentrations in walleyes in northern Wisconsin lakes","docAbstract":"We examined relations between mercury concentrations in walleyes Stizostedion vitreum and the characteristics ofclear‐water Wisconsin lakes, which spanned a broad range of pH values (5.0–8.1) and acid‐neutralizing capacities (–9 to 1,017 μeq/L). Total concentrations of mercury in axial muscle tissue of walleyes (total length, 25–56 cm) varied from 0.12 to 1.74 μg/g wet weight. Concentrations were greatest in fish from the eight lakes with pH less than 7.0; concentrations in these fish equaled or exceeded 0.5 μg/g in 88% of the samples analyzed and 1.0 μg/g in 44%. In the five lakes with pH of 7.0 and above, concentrations exceeded 0.5 μg/g in only 1 of 21 walleyes. Multiple regression revealed that lake pH and total length offish accounted for 69% of the variation in mercury concentration in walleyes. Regression models with total length and either waterborne calcium or acid‐neutralizing capacity as independent variables accounted for 67% of the variation in concentration. The observed differences in fish mercury concentration between the low‐pH and high‐pH lakes could not be logically attributed to differences in growth rate or diet among the walleye populations. Moreover, it is improbable that mercury influxes to the low‐pH lakes were greater than those to the high‐pH lakes, because of the close proximity and spatial interspersion of low‐ and high‐pH lakes. We attributed the observed pH‐related trend in mercury concentration in walleyes to variation among lakes in within‐lake processes that affected the production and bioavailability of methylmercury.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0862:FIMCIW>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J., Martini, R., Sheffy, T., and Glass, G., 1990, Factors influencing mercury concentrations in walleyes in northern Wisconsin lakes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 119, no. 5, p. 862-870, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0862:FIMCIW>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"862","endPage":"870","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"northern Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.26820995411673,\n 46.86779190456383\n ],\n [\n -92.25785818045594,\n 46.202352284047336\n ],\n [\n -92.99207708885791,\n 45.699366996875455\n ],\n [\n -92.90114983661414,\n 44.729300518908715\n ],\n [\n -91.92494153825102,\n 44.101462109461124\n ],\n [\n -87.40557207594718,\n 44.0171337770426\n ],\n [\n -86.56726005808703,\n 45.29092432802179\n ],\n [\n -86.94129224505971,\n 45.54814632355047\n ],\n [\n -87.55407608530683,\n 45.231321095438716\n ],\n [\n -87.7330682924283,\n 45.876538402104025\n ],\n [\n -89.15632708966778,\n 46.15266795547139\n ],\n [\n -90.01047258456092,\n 46.39879471344413\n ],\n [\n -90.33373780523318,\n 46.65586034006465\n ],\n [\n -89.97903209603456,\n 47.32730180033931\n ],\n [\n -90.58869581787731,\n 47.345225548404926\n ],\n [\n -91.77959262639123,\n 46.90337770377511\n ],\n [\n -92.26820995411673,\n 46.86779190456383\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7fde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martini, R.E.","contributorId":92779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheffy, T.B.","contributorId":58373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheffy","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glass, G.E.","contributorId":37853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242604,"text":"70242604 - 1990 - Flume experiments on the alignment of transverse, oblique, and longitudinal dunes in directionally varying flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T21:29:02.427805","indexId":"70242604","displayToPublicDate":"1990-08-01T16:13:47","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flume experiments on the alignment of transverse, oblique, and longitudinal dunes in directionally varying flows","docAbstract":"For more than a century geologists have wondered why some bedforms are orientated roughly transverse to flow, whereas others are parallel or oblique to flow. This problem of bedform alignment was studied experimentally using subaqueous dunes on a 3–6-m-diameter sand-covered turntable on the floor of a 4-m-wide flume.
In each experiment, two flow directions (relative to the bed) were produced by alternating the turntable between two orientations. The turntable was held in each orientation for a short time relative to the reconstitution time of the bedforms; the resulting bedforms were in equilibrium with the time-averaged conditions of the bimodal flows. Dune alignment was studied for five divergence angles (the angle between the two flow directions): 45°, 67–5°, 90°, 112–5° and 135°. The flow depth during all experiments was approximately 30 cm; mean velocity was approximately 50 cm s-1 and mean grain diameter was 0–6 mm. Each experiment continued for 30–75 min, during which time the flume flow was steady and the turntable position changed every 2 min. At the end of each experiment, water was slowly drained from the flume and dune alignment was measured. Transverse dunes (defined relative to the resultant transport direction) were created when the divergence angle was 45° and 67–5°, and longitudinal dunes were created when the divergence angle was 135°. At intermediate divergence angles, dunes with both orientations were produced, but transverse dunes were dominant at 90°, and longitudinal dunes were dominant at 112–5°.
One experiment was conducted with a divergence angle of 135° and with unequal amounts of transport in the two flow directions. This was achieved by changing the orientation of the turntable at unequal time intervals, thereby causing the amount of transport to be unequal in the two directions. The dunes formed during this experiment were oblique to the resultant transport direction.
These experimental dunes follow the same rule of alignment as wind ripples studied in previous turntable experiments. In both sets of experiments, the bedforms developed with the orientation having the maximum gross bedform-normal transport (the orientation at which the sum of the bedform-normal components of the two transport vectors reaches its maximum value). In other words, the bedforms develop with an orientation that is as transverse as possible to the two flows. In those cases where the two flows diverge by more than 90° and transport equal amounts of sand, bedforms that are as transverse as possible to the two separate flows will be parallel to the resultant of the two flow vectors. Although such bedforms have been defined by previous work as longitudinal bedforms, they are intrinsically the same kind of bedform as transverse bedforms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.1990.tb00628.x","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., and Ikeda, H., 1990, Flume experiments on the alignment of transverse, oblique, and longitudinal dunes in directionally varying flows: Sedimentology, v. 37, no. 4, p. 673-684, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1990.tb00628.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"684","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikeda, Hiroshi","contributorId":78350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Hiroshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169358,"text":"70169358 - 1990 - Human impacts on bear habitat use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T14:57:11.065965","indexId":"70169358","displayToPublicDate":"1990-08-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":978,"text":"Bears: Their Biology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human impacts on bear habitat use","docAbstract":": Human effects on bear habitat use are mediated through food biomass changes, bear tolerance of humans and their impacts, and human tolerance of bears. Large-scale changes in bear food biomass have been caused by conversion of wildlands and waterways to intensive human use, and by the introduction of exotic pathogens. Bears consume virtually all human foods that have been established in former wildlands, but bear use has been limited by access. Air pollution has also affected bear food biomass on a small scale and is likely to have major future impacts on bear habitat through climatic warming. Major changes in disturbance cycles and landscape mosaics wrought by humans have further altered temporal and spatial pulses of bear food production. These changes have brought short-term benefits in places, but have also added long-term stresses to most bear populations. Although bears tend to avoid humans, they will also use exotic and native foods in close proximity to humans. Subadult males and adult females are more often impelled to forage closer to humans because of their energetic predicament and because more secure sites are often preempted by adult males. Although male bears are typically responsible for most livestock predation, adult females and subadult males are more likely to be habituated to humans because they tend to forage closer to humans. Elimination of human-habituated bears predictably reduces effective carrying capacity and is more likely to be a factor in preserving bear populations where humans are present in moderate-to-high densities. If humans desire to preserve viable bear populations, they will either have to accept increased risk of injury associated with preserving habituated animals, or continue to crop habituated bears while at the same time preserving large tracts of wildlands free from significant human intrusion.
","conferenceTitle":"Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management","conferenceDate":"February 1989","conferenceLocation":"Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Bear Research and Management","publisherLocation":"Morges, Switzerland","doi":"10.2307/3872901","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D.J., 1990, Human impacts on bear habitat use: Bears: Their Biology and Management, v. 8, p. 33-56, https://doi.org/10.2307/3872901.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319413,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f66173e4b07d796bf77087","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, David J. david_mattson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"david_mattson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241945,"text":"70241945 - 1990 - Regional water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T17:21:45.807854","indexId":"70241945","displayToPublicDate":"1990-08-01T12:08:57","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional water quality","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00078a604","usgsCitation":"Hren, J., Childress, C., Norris, J.M., Chaney, T.H., and Myers, D.N., 1990, Regional water quality: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1122-1127, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00078a604.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1122","endPage":"1127","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, 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Large daily fluctuations occurred throughout the incubation period and did not parallel concurrent changes in ambien vapor pressure (P1). Daily rates of water loss from nest eggs (MH2O) averaged 28 mg day-1, but also varied considerable within and between nests and did not correlate with changes in P1. MH2O increased 6-33% after the third day of incubation. PN was significantly higher and MH2O significantly lower in nests located in sheltered gullies than in nests from a windswept slope. 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Aquifermanagement techniques integrate groundwater flow modeling with linear quadratic optimization methods for the solution of various aquifer management problems. The model AQMAN3D, is a modified version of a previously developed two-dimensional AQMAN model. The idea of coupling the AQMAN model with the MODULAR model arose because actual groundwater flow systems behave in a three dimensional manner, therefore requiring treatment as such, and due to the widespread use of MODULAR. The use of the AQMAN3D model permits the implementation of the technique known as aquifer managementmodeling. A generalized approach to obtain an optimal solution to an aquifer management problem is proposed, and a sample test problem is presented to illustrate the use of the model. Even though the model provides the hydrologist with a new and powerful investigative tool, its applicability is limited to confined or quasiconfined systems.
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