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Traditional microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR), marker analysis remains a popular genotyping method because of the comparatively low cost of marker development, ease of analysis and high power of genotype discrimination. With the availability of massively parallel sequencing (MPS), it is now possible to sequence microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries in multiplex pools. To test this approach, we prepared seven microsatellite-enriched, barcoded genomic libraries from diverse taxa (two conifer trees, five birds) and sequenced these on one lane of the Illumina Genome Analyzer using paired-end 80-bp reads. In this experiment, we screened 6.1 million sequences and identified 356958 unique microreads that contained di- or trinucleotide microsatellites. Examination of four species shows that our conversion rate from raw sequences to polymorphic markers compares favourably to Sanger- and 454-based methods. The advantage of multiplexed MPS is that the staggering capacity of modern microread sequencing is spread across many libraries; this reduces sample preparation and sequencing costs to less than $400 (USD) per species. This price is sufficiently low that microsatellite libraries could be prepared and sequenced for all 1373 organisms listed as 'threatened' and 'endangered' in the United States for under $0.5M (USD).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03033.x","issn":"1755098X","usgsCitation":"Jennings, T., Knaus, B., Mullins, T., Haig, S.M., and Cronn, R., 2011, Multiplexed microsatellite recovery using massively parallel sequencing: Molecular Ecology Resources, v. 11, no. 6, p. 1060-1067, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03033.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1060","endPage":"1067","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215797,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03033.x"},{"id":243623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6091e4b0c8380cd7154d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, T.N.","contributorId":107521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knaus, B.J.","contributorId":76153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knaus","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, T.D.","contributorId":26046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haig, S. M. 0000-0002-6616-7589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":55389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cronn, R.C.","contributorId":97732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronn","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034170,"text":"70034170 - 2011 - High-frequency filtering of strong-motion records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T11:35:55","indexId":"70034170","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1101,"text":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency filtering of strong-motion records","docAbstract":"The influence of noise in strong-motion records is most problematic at low and high frequencies where the signal to noise ratio is commonly low compared to that in the mid-spectrum. The impact of low-frequency noise (<1 Hz) on strong-motion intensity parameters such as ground velocities, displacements and response spectral ordinates can be dramatic and consequentially it has become standard practice to low-cut (high-pass) filter strong-motion data with corner frequencies often chosen based on the shape of Fourier amplitude spectra and the signal-to-noise ratio. It has been shown that response spectral ordinates should not be used beyond some fraction of the corner period (reciprocal of the corner frequency) of the low-cut filter. This article examines the effect of high-frequency noise (>5 Hz) on computed pseudo-absolute response spectral accelerations (PSAs). In contrast to the case of low-frequency noise our analysis shows that filtering to remove high-frequency noise is only necessary in certain situations and that PSAs can often be used up to 100 Hz even if much lower high-cut corner frequencies are required to remove the noise. This apparent contradiction can be explained by the fact that PSAs are often controlled by ground accelerations associated with much lower frequencies than the natural frequency of the oscillator because path and site attenuation (often modelled by Q and κ, respectively) have removed the highest frequencies. We demonstrate that if high-cut filters are to be used, then their corner frequencies should be selected on an individual basis, as has been done in a few recent studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10518-010-9208-4","issn":"1570761X","usgsCitation":"Douglas, J., and Boore, D., 2011, High-frequency filtering of strong-motion records: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, v. 9, no. 2, p. 395-409, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-010-9208-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"409","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487174,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://brgm.hal.science/hal-00567837","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216968,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-010-9208-4"},{"id":244871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30e9e4b0c8380cd5da66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, J.","contributorId":27811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034477,"text":"70034477 - 2011 - A computer program for flow-log analysis of single holes (FLASH)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:33:46","indexId":"70034477","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A computer program for flow-log analysis of single holes (FLASH)","docAbstract":"

A new computer program, FLASH (Flow-Log Analysis of Single Holes), is presented for the analysis of borehole vertical flow logs. The code is based on an analytical solution for steady-state multilayer radial flow to a borehole. The code includes options for (1) discrete fractures and (2) multilayer aquifers. Given vertical flow profiles collected under both ambient and stressed (pumping or injection) conditions, the user can estimate fracture (or layer) transmissivities and far-field hydraulic heads. FLASH is coded in Microsoft Excel with Visual Basic for Applications routines. The code supports manual and automated model calibration.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00798.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Day-Lewis, F., Johnson, C., Paillet, F.L., and Halford, K.J., 2011, A computer program for flow-log analysis of single holes (FLASH): Ground Water, v. 49, no. 6, p. 926-931, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00798.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"931","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7319SZC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"FLASH: A Computer Program for Flow-Log Analysis of Single Holes"},{"id":243652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2d3e4b0c8380cd45c8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day-Lewis, F. D. 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":35773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035394,"text":"70035394 - 2011 - Shallow conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, revealed by seismic signals associated with degassing bursts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-10T16:10:47","indexId":"70035394","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, revealed by seismic signals associated with degassing bursts","docAbstract":"Eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, beginning in March, 2008 and continuing to the present time is characterized by episodic explosive bursts of gas and ash from a vent within Halemaumau Pit Crater. These bursts are accompanied by seismic signals that are well recorded by a broadband network deployed in the summit caldera. We investigate in detail the dimensions and oscillation modes of the source of a representative burst in the 1−10 s band. An extended source is realized by a set of point sources distributed on a grid surrounding the source centroid, where the centroid position and source geometry are fixed from previous modeling of very-long-period (VLP) data in the 10–50 s band. The source time histories of all point sources are obtained simultaneously through waveform inversion carried out in the frequency domain. Short-scale noisy fluctuations of the source time histories between adjacent sources are suppressed with a smoothing constraint, whose strength is determined through a minimization of the Akaike Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC). Waveform inversions carried out for homogeneous and heterogeneous velocity structures both image a dominant source component in the form of an east trending dike with dimensions of 2.9 × 2.9 km. The dike extends ∼2 km west and ∼0.9 km east of the VLP centroid and spans the depth range 0.2–3.1 km. The source model for a homogeneous velocity structure suggests the dike is hinged at the source centroid where it bends from a strike E 27°N with northern dip of 85° west of the centroid, to a strike E 7°N with northern dip of 80° east of the centroid. The oscillating behavior of the dike is dominated by simple harmonic modes with frequencies ∼0.2 Hz and ∼0.5 Hz, representing the fundamental mode ν11 and first degenerate mode ν12 = ν21 of the dike. Although not strongly supported by data in the 1–10 s band, a north striking dike segment is required for enhanced compatibility with the model elaborated in the 10–50 s band. This dike provides connectivity between the east trending dike and the new vent within Halemaumau Pit Crater. Waveform inversions with a dual-dike model suggest dimensions of 0.7 × 0.7 km to 2.6 × 2.6 km for this segment. Further elaboration of the complex dike system under Halemaumau does not appear to be feasible with presently available data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008677","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2011, Shallow conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, revealed by seismic signals associated with degassing bursts: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008677.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"B12317","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487252,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008677"},{"id":243018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e1ae4b08c986b31872d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard","contributorId":65485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip","contributorId":21780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034478,"text":"70034478 - 2011 - Repeatable source, site, and path effects on the standard deviation for empirical ground-motion prediction models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034478","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Repeatable source, site, and path effects on the standard deviation for empirical ground-motion prediction models","docAbstract":"In this study, we quantify the reduction in the standard deviation for empirical ground-motion prediction models by removing ergodic assumption.We partition the modeling error (residual) into five components, three of which represent the repeatable source-location-specific, site-specific, and path-specific deviations from the population mean. A variance estimation procedure of these error components is developed for use with a set of recordings from earthquakes not heavily clustered in space.With most source locations and propagation paths sampled only once, we opt to exploit the spatial correlation of residuals to estimate the variances associated with the path-specific and the source-location-specific deviations. The estimation procedure is applied to ground-motion amplitudes from 64 shallow earthquakes in Taiwan recorded at 285 sites with at least 10 recordings per site. The estimated variance components are used to quantify the reduction in aleatory variability that can be used in hazard analysis for a single site and for a single path. For peak ground acceleration and spectral accelerations at periods of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 s, we find that the singlesite standard deviations are 9%-14% smaller than the total standard deviation, whereas the single-path standard deviations are 39%-47% smaller.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120090312","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lin, P., Chiou, B., Abrahamson, N., Walling, M., Lee, C., and Cheng, C., 2011, Repeatable source, site, and path effects on the standard deviation for empirical ground-motion prediction models: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 5, p. 2281-2295, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090312.","startPage":"2281","endPage":"2295","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090312"},{"id":243653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa74ae4b0c8380cd85325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, P.-S.","contributorId":14661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"P.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiou, B.","contributorId":92398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrahamson, N.","contributorId":60358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walling, M.","contributorId":32009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walling","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, C.-T.","contributorId":75776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.-T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cheng, C.-T.","contributorId":94124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.-T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036012,"text":"70036012 - 2011 - Secular trends in storm-level geomagnetic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T14:11:19","indexId":"70036012","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":780,"text":"Annales Geophysicae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secular trends in storm-level geomagnetic activity","docAbstract":"

Analysis is made of K-index data from groups of ground-based geomagnetic observatories in Germany, Britain, and Australia, 1868.0–2009.0, solar cycles 11–23. Methods include nonparametric measures of trends and statistical significance used by the hydrological and climatological research communities. Among the three observatory groups, German K data systematically record the highest disturbance levels, followed by the British and, then, the Australian data. Signals consistently seen in K data from all three observatory groups can be reasonably interpreted as physically meaninginful: (1) geomagnetic activity has generally increased over the past 141 years. However, the detailed secular evolution of geomagnetic activity is not well characterized by either a linear trend nor, even, a monotonic trend. Therefore, simple, phenomenological extrapolations of past trends in solar and geomagnetic activity levels are unlikely to be useful for making quantitative predictions of future trends lasting longer than a solar cycle or so. (2) The well-known tendency for magnetic storms to occur during the declining phase of a sunspot-solar cycles is clearly seen for cycles 14–23; it is not, however, clearly seen for cycles 11–13. Therefore, in addition to an increase in geomagnetic activity, the nature of solar-terrestrial interaction has also apparently changed over the past 141 years.

","language":"English","publisher":"EGU","doi":"10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011","issn":"09927689","usgsCitation":"Love, J., 2011, Secular trends in storm-level geomagnetic activity: Annales Geophysicae, v. 29, no. 2, p. 251-262, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475271,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218417,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8944e4b08c986b316d7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, J.J.","contributorId":66626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036008,"text":"70036008 - 2011 - Enhanced decomposition offsets enhanced productivity and soil carbon accumulation in coastal wetlands responding to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T13:28:16.511575","indexId":"70036008","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1012,"text":"Biogeosciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced decomposition offsets enhanced productivity and soil carbon accumulation in coastal wetlands responding to climate change","docAbstract":"

Coastal wetlands are responsible for about half of all carbon burial in oceans, and their persistence as a valuable ecosystem depends largely on the ability to accumulate organic material at rates equivalent to relative sea level rise. Recent work suggests that 5 elevated CO2 and temperature warming will increase organic matter productivity and the ability of marshes to survive sea level rise. However, we find that organic decomposition rates increase by about 12% per degree of warming. Our measured temperature sensitivity is similar to studies from terrestrial systems, twice as high as the response of salt marsh productivity to temperature warming, and roughly equivalent to the productivity response associated with elevated CO2 10 in C3 marsh plants. Therefore, enhanced CO2 and warmer temperatures may actually make marshes less resilient to sea level rise, and tend to promote a release of soil carbon. Simple projections indicate that elevated temperatures will increase rates of sea level rise more than any acceleration in organic matter accumulation, suggesting the possibility of a positive feedback between 15 climate, sea level rise, and carbon emissions in coastal environment

","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","doi":"10.5194/bgd-8-707-2011","issn":"18106277","usgsCitation":"Kirwan, M.L., and Blum, L.K., 2011, Enhanced decomposition offsets enhanced productivity and soil carbon accumulation in coastal wetlands responding to climate change: Biogeosciences Discussions, v. 8, no. 1, p. 707-722, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-707-2011.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"722","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-707-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a096de4b0c8380cd51ee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirwan, Matt L.","contributorId":189205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirwan","given":"Matt","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, L. K.","contributorId":86208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blum","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034480,"text":"70034480 - 2011 - Trophic connections in Lake Superior Part I: the offshore fish community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-26T16:36:19","indexId":"70034480","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic connections in Lake Superior Part I: the offshore fish community","docAbstract":"Detailed diet linkages within the offshore (> 80 m bathymetric depth) food web of Lake Superior are currently not well identified. We used analyses of fish stomach contents to create an empirically based food web model of the Lake Superior offshore fish community. Stomachs were collected seasonally (spring, summer, and fall) from nine offshore locations in 2005, using bottom and midwater trawls. In total, 2643 stomachs representing 12 fish species were examined. The predominant fish species collected were deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii), siscowet (Salvelinus namaycush siscowet), kiyi (Coregonus kiyi), and cisco (Coregonus artedi). Mysis diluviana was the most common prey item, indicating that changes in Mysis abundance could have a profound impact on the entire offshore food web. Mysis was the primary diet item of deepwater sculpin (≥ 53% by mass) and kiyi (≥ 96% by mass) regardless of depth or season. The invasive Bythotrephes was an important diet component of the pelagic cisco in summer and fall. Deepwater sculpin were the primary diet item of siscowet (≥ 52% by mass), with coregonines appearing in the diet of larger (> 400 mm) siscowet. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant seasonal or site-specific differences in diets of deepwater sculpin, cisco, or kiyi. Site was the primary structuring factor in siscowet diets. Generally, in Lake Superior, the diet items of the dominant offshore species did not appear to be in danger from those types of major ecological shifts occurring in the lower Laurentian Great Lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.003","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Gamble, A., Hrabik, T., Stockwell, J., and Yule, D., 2011, Trophic connections in Lake Superior Part I: the offshore fish community: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 37, no. 3, p. 541-549, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"549","costCenters":[{"id":358,"text":"Lake Superior Biological Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215855,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.003"},{"id":243686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,46.41 ], [ -92.11,48.88 ], [ -84.35,48.88 ], [ -84.35,46.41 ], [ -92.11,46.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb883e4b08c986b3278d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gamble, A.E.","contributorId":43193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hrabik, T.R.","contributorId":95250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hrabik","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034482,"text":"70034482 - 2011 - Refuge habitats for fishes during seasonal drying in an intermittent stream: Movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T20:41:47.368478","indexId":"70034482","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refuge habitats for fishes during seasonal drying in an intermittent stream: Movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species","docAbstract":"

Drought and summer drying can be important disturbance events in many small streams leading to intermittent or isolated habitats. We examined what habitats act as refuges for fishes during summer drying, hypothesizing that pools would act as refuge habitats. We predicted that during drying fish would show directional movement into pools from riffle habitats, survival rates would be greater in pools than in riffles, and fish abundance would increase in pool habitats. We examined movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species, bigeye shiner (Notropis boops), highland stoneroller (Campostoma spadiceum) and creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), during seasonal stream drying in an Ozark stream using a closed robust multi-strata mark-recapture sampling. Population parameters were estimated using plausible models within program MARK, where a priori models are ranked using Akaike’s Information Criterion. Creek chub showed directional movement into pools and increased survival and abundance in pools during drying. Highland stonerollers showed strong directional movement into pools and abundance increased in pools during drying, but survival rates were not significantly greater in pools than riffles. Bigeye shiners showed high movement rates during drying, but the movement was non-directional, and survival rates were greater in riffles than pools. Therefore, creek chub supported our hypothesis and pools appear to act as refuge habitats for this species, whereas highland stonerollers partly supported the hypothesis and bigeye shiners did not support the pool refuge hypothesis. Refuge habitats during drying are species dependent. An urgent need exists to further understand refuge habitats in streams given projected changes in climate and continued alteration of hydrological regimes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00027-011-0206-7","issn":"10151621","usgsCitation":"Hodges, S., and Magoulick, D., 2011, Refuge habitats for fishes during seasonal drying in an intermittent stream: Movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species: Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 4, p. 513-522, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-011-0206-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"522","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-011-0206-7"}],"volume":"73","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a450e4b0e8fec6cdbb25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodges, S.W.","contributorId":98563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoulick, D.D.","contributorId":80862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035177,"text":"70035177 - 2011 - Regional correlations of V s30 and velocities averaged over depths less than and greater than 30 meters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035177","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional correlations of V s30 and velocities averaged over depths less than and greater than 30 meters","docAbstract":"Using velocity profiles from sites in Japan, California, Turkey, and Europe, we find that the time-averaged shear-wave velocity to 30 m (V S30), used as a proxy for site amplification in recent ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and building codes, is strongly correlated with average velocities to depths less than 30 m (V Sz, with z being the averaging depth). The correlations for sites in Japan (corresponding to the KiK-net network) show that V S30 is systematically larger for a given V Sz than for profiles from the other regions. The difference largely results from the placement of the KiK-net station locations on rock and rocklike sites, whereas stations in the other regions are generally placed in urban areas underlain by sediments. Using the KiK-net velocity profiles, we provide equations relating V S30 to V Sz for z ranging from 5 to 29 m in 1-m increments. These equations (and those for California velocity profiles given in Boore, 2004b) can be used to estimate V S30 from V Sz for sites in which velocity profiles do not extend to 30 m. The scatter of the residuals decreases with depth, but, even for an averaging depth of 5 m, a variation in log V S30 of 1 standard deviation maps into less than a 20% uncertainty in ground motions given by recent GMPEs at short periods. The sensitivity of the ground motions to V S30 uncertainty is considerably larger at long periods (but is less than a factor of 1.2 for averaging depths greater than about 20 m). We also find that V S30 is correlated with V Sz for z as great as 400 m for sites of the KiK-net network, providing some justification for using V S30 as a site-response variable for predicting ground motions at periods for which the wavelengths far exceed 30 m.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120110071","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., Thompson, E., and Cadet, H., 2011, Regional correlations of V s30 and velocities averaged over depths less than and greater than 30 meters: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 6, p. 3046-3059, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110071.","startPage":"3046","endPage":"3059","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215365,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110071"}],"volume":"101","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4b8e4b0e8fec6cdbc25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, E.M.","contributorId":104688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cadet, H.","contributorId":60037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadet","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035176,"text":"70035176 - 2011 - Patterns of space and habitat use by northern bobwhites in south Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T13:03:37.09582","indexId":"70035176","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1595,"text":"European Journal of Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of space and habitat use by northern bobwhites in south Florida, USA","docAbstract":"

The manner by which animals use space and select resources can have important management consequences. We studied patterns of habitat selection by northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) on Babcock-Webb Wildlife Management Area, Charlotte County, Florida and evaluated factors influencing the sizes of their home ranges. A total of 1,245 radio-tagged bobwhites were monitored for 19,467 radio days during 2002–2007. The mean ( ± 1 SE) annual home range size, estimated using the Kernel density method, was 88.43 ( ± 6.16) ha and did not differ between genders. Winter home ranges of bobwhites (69.27 ± 4.92 ha) were generally larger than summer home ranges (53.90 ± 4.93 ha). Annual and winter home ranges were smaller for bobwhites whose ranges contained food plots compared to those that did not; however, the presence of food plots did not influence summer home ranges. We used distance-based methods to investigate habitat selection by bobwhites at two scales: selection of home ranges within the study site (second-order selection) and selection of habitats within home ranges (third-order selection). Across both scales, bobwhites generally preferred food plots and dry prairie habitat and avoided wet prairies and roads. This pattern was generally consistent between genders and across years. Our data indicate that management practices aimed at increasing and maintaining a matrix of food plots and dry prairie habitat would provide the most favorable environment for bobwhites.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10344-010-0393-x","issn":"16124642","usgsCitation":"Singh, A., Hines, T., Hostetler, J., Percival, H.F., and Oli, M., 2011, Patterns of space and habitat use by northern bobwhites in south Florida, USA: European Journal of Wildlife Research, v. 57, no. 1, p. 15-26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-010-0393-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Southern Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.210693359375,\n 26.70635985763354\n ],\n [\n -81.353759765625,\n 26.70635985763354\n ],\n [\n -81.353759765625,\n 27.078691552927534\n ],\n [\n -82.210693359375,\n 27.078691552927534\n ],\n [\n -82.210693359375,\n 26.70635985763354\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75ebe4b0c8380cd77e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, A.","contributorId":61211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, T.C.","contributorId":36252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, J.A. 0000-0003-3669-1758","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-1758","contributorId":47994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Percival, H. Franklin percivalf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.","email":"percivalf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":449598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oli, M.K.","contributorId":108069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oli","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034822,"text":"70034822 - 2011 - Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:55:30","indexId":"70034822","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2404,"text":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities","docAbstract":"

This study evaluates biomarkers of mercury exposure among residents of Horlivka, a city in eastern Ukraine located in an area with geologic and industrial sources of environmental mercury, and residents of Artemivsk, a nearby comparison city outside the mercury-enriched area. Samples of urine, blood, hair, and nails were collected from study participants, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on age, gender, occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, fish consumption, tattoos, dental amalgams, home heating system, education, source of drinking water, and family employment in mines. Median biomarker mercury concentrations in Artemivsk were 0.26 μg/g-Cr (urine), 0.92 μg/L (blood), 0.42 μg/g (hair), 0.11 μg/g (toenails), and 0.09 μg/g (fingernails); median concentrations in Horlivka were 0.15 μg/g-Cr (urine), 1.01 μg/L (blood), 0.14 μg/g (hair), 0.31 μg/g (toenails), and 0.31 μg/g (fingernails). Biomarkers of mercury exposure for study participants from Horlivka and Artemivsk are low in comparison with occupationally exposed workers at a mercury recycling facility in Horlivka and in comparison with exposures known to be associated with clinical effects. Blood and urinary mercury did not suggest a higher mercury exposure among Horlivka residents as compared with Artemivsk; however, three individuals living in the immediate vicinity of the mercury mines had elevated blood and urinary mercury, relative to overall results for either city. For a limited number of residents from Horlivka (N = 7) and Artemivsk (N = 4), environmental samples (vacuum cleaner dust, dust wipes, soil) were collected from their residences. Mercury concentrations in vacuum cleaner dust and soil were good predictors of blood and urinary mercury.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15459624.2011.556984","issn":"15459624","usgsCitation":"Gibb, H., Haver, C., Kozlov, K., Centeno, J., Jurgenson, V., Kolker, A., Conko, K.M., Landa, E.R., and Xu, H., 2011, Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, v. 8, no. 4, p. 187-193, https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2011.556984.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":381,"text":"Mercury Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ukraine","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[31.786,52.10168],[32.15941,52.06127],[32.41206,52.28869],[32.71576,52.23847],[33.7527,52.33507],[34.39173,51.76888],[34.14198,51.56641],[34.22482,51.25599],[35.02218,51.20757],[35.37792,50.77396],[35.35612,50.5772],[36.62617,50.22559],[37.39346,50.38395],[38.01063,49.91566],[38.59499,49.92646],[40.06906,49.60106],[40.08079,49.30743],[39.67466,48.78382],[39.89563,48.23241],[39.73828,47.89894],[38.77058,47.82561],[38.25511,47.5464],[38.22354,47.10219],[37.42514,47.02222],[36.75985,46.6987],[35.82368,46.64596],[34.96234,46.2732],[35.02079,45.65122],[35.51001,45.40999],[36.53,45.46999],[36.33471,45.11322],[35.24,44.94],[33.88251,44.36148],[33.32642,44.56488],[33.54692,45.03477],[32.45417,45.32747],[32.6308,45.51919],[33.58816,45.85157],[33.29857,46.0806],[31.74414,46.33335],[31.67531,46.70625],[30.74875,46.5831],[30.37761,46.03241],[29.60329,45.29331],[29.14972,45.46493],[28.67978,45.30403],[28.23355,45.48828],[28.48527,45.59691],[28.65999,45.93999],[28.93372,46.25883],[28.86297,46.43789],[29.07211,46.51768],[29.17065,46.37926],[29.75997,46.34999],[30.02466,46.42394],[29.83821,46.52533],[29.90885,46.67436],[29.55967,46.92858],[29.41514,47.34665],[29.05087,47.51023],[29.1227,47.8491],[28.67089,48.11815],[28.25955,48.15556],[27.52254,48.46712],[26.85782,48.36821],[26.61934,48.22073],[26.19745,48.22088],[25.94594,47.98715],[25.20774,47.89106],[24.86632,47.73753],[24.40206,47.98188],[23.76096,47.9856],[23.14224,48.09634],[22.71053,47.88219],[22.64082,48.15024],[22.08561,48.42226],[22.28084,48.82539],[22.55814,49.08574],[22.77642,49.0274],[22.51845,49.47677],[23.42651,50.30851],[23.92276,50.42488],[24.02999,50.70541],[23.52707,51.57845],[24.00508,51.61744],[24.55311,51.88846],[25.32779,51.91066],[26.33796,51.83229],[27.45407,51.5923],[28.24162,51.57223],[28.61761,51.42771],[28.99284,51.60204],[29.25494,51.36823],[30.15736,51.41614],[30.55512,51.3195],[30.61945,51.82281],[30.92755,52.04235],[31.786,52.10168]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ukraine\"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f18ae4b0c8380cd4acb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibb, H.","contributorId":92075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibb","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haver, C.","contributorId":35974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haver","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kozlov, K.","contributorId":56877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozlov","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Centeno, J.A.","contributorId":73806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jurgenson, V.","contributorId":88968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgenson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conko, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-6361-4921 kmconko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":2930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmconko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Xu, H.","contributorId":83331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70035669,"text":"70035669 - 2011 - The plight of the bees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-04T19:31:13.293917","indexId":"70035669","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The plight of the bees","docAbstract":"

The loss of biodiversity is a trend that is garnering much concern. As organisms have evolved mutualistic and synergistic relationships, the loss of one or a few species can have a much wider environmental impact. Since much pollination is facilitated by bees, the reported colony collapse disorder has many worried of widespread agricultural fallout and thus deleterious impact on human foodstocks. In this Feature, Spivak et al. review what is known of the present state of bee populations and provide information on how to mitigate and reverse the trend.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es101468w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Spivak, M., Mader, E., Vaughan, M., and Euliss, N.H., 2011, The plight of the bees: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 34-38, https://doi.org/10.1021/es101468w.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216245,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es101468w"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae9ee4b08c986b324209","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spivak, M.","contributorId":27703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spivak","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mader, E.","contributorId":82154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mader","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vaughan, M.","contributorId":77703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034114,"text":"70034114 - 2011 - Age, genesis, and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sangamon/Loveland complex in the Lower Mississippi Valley, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034114","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, genesis, and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sangamon/Loveland complex in the Lower Mississippi Valley, USA","docAbstract":"For more than a century, the Sangamon paleosol (the Sangamon) has been an integral part of geologic and pedologic investigations in the central United States, including the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri River Valleys. Compositional, pedologic, micromorphologic, stratigraphic, and age data indicate that the prominent reddish paleosol developed in silt-rich deposits of the Lower Mississippi Valley, from southernmost Illinois to northwestern Mississippi, represents multiple periods of soil formation, and is wholly or in part time equivalent to the Sangamon of the central United States. Thermoluminescence data, for localities where the Sangamon developed in loess, indicate that the primary period of loess deposition was from 190 to 130 ka (oxygen isotope stage, OIS6), that loess deposition continued intermittently from 130 to 74 ka (OIS5), and that deposition was wholly or in part coeval with Loveland loess deposition in the central United States. Beryllium-10, chemical, and pedologic data indicate that in the Lower Mississippi Valley: (1) the Sangamon represents a minimum time period of 60-80 k.y.; (2) there were at least two periods of soil formation, ca. 130-90 ka and 74-58 ka (OIS4); and (3) rates of weathering and pedogenesis equaled or exceeded the net loess-accumulation rate until at least 46 ka (OIS3) and resulted in development of a paleosol in the overlying basal Roxana Silt. Along a N-S transect from southern Illinois to western Mississippi, Sangamon macroscopic characteristics as well asthe micro-morphology, chemistry, and mineralogy, suggest a regional paleoclimate during periods of soil formation that: (1) was warm to hot, with a wider range in temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration than present; (2) had seasonal to decadal or longer periods of drought; and (3) had down-valley (southward) trends of increasing temperature and precipitation and decreasing seasonality and variation in annualto decadal precipitation. ?? 2011 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B30208.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H.W., Wysocki, D., Pavich, M., and Rutledge, E., 2011, Age, genesis, and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sangamon/Loveland complex in the Lower Mississippi Valley, USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 123, no. 1-2, p. 21-39, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30208.1.","startPage":"21","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216603,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30208.1"},{"id":244483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f5e4b0c8380cd47fec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, H. W.","contributorId":31426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wysocki, D.A.","contributorId":11678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wysocki","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rutledge, E.M.","contributorId":47819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035671,"text":"70035671 - 2011 - A reverse genetics system for the Great Lakes strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: the NV gene is required for pathogenicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-30T18:59:08","indexId":"70035671","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2661,"text":"Marine Biotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reverse genetics system for the Great Lakes strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: the NV gene is required for pathogenicity","docAbstract":"Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), belonging to the genus Novirhabdovirus in the family of Rhabdoviridae, causes a highly contagious disease of fresh and saltwater fish worldwide. Recently, a novel genotype of VHSV, designated IVb, has invaded the Great Lakes in North America, causing large-scale epidemics in wild fish. An efficient reverse genetics system was developed to generate a recombinant VHSV of genotype IVb from cloned cDNA. The recombinant VHSV (rVHSV) was comparable to the parental wild-type strain both in vitro and in vivo, causing high mortality in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). A modified recombinant VHSV was generated in which the NV gene was substituted with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP), and another recombinant was made by inserting the EGFP gene into the full-length viral clone between the P and M genes (rVHSV-EGFP). The in vitro replication kinetics of rVHSV-EGFP was similar to rVHSV; however, the rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP grew 2 logs lower. In yellow perch challenges, wtVHSV and rVHSV induced 82-100% cumulative per cent mortality (CPM), respectively, whereas rVHSV-EGFP produced 62% CPM and rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP caused only 15% CPM. No reversion of mutation was detected in the recovered viruses and the recombinant viruses stably maintained the foreign gene after several passages. These results indicate that the NV gene of VHSV is not essential for viral replication in vitro and in vivo, but it plays an important role in viral replication efficiency and pathogenicity. This system will facilitate studies of VHSV replication, virulence, and production of viral vectored vaccines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Biotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4","issn":"14362228","usgsCitation":"Ammayappan, A., Kurath, G., Thompson, T.M., and Vakharia, V.N., 2011, A reverse genetics system for the Great Lakes strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: the NV gene is required for pathogenicity: Marine Biotechnology, v. 13, no. 4, p. 672-683, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"672","endPage":"683","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4"},{"id":244138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e300e4b0c8380cd45d90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ammayappan, Arun","contributorId":81716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ammayappan","given":"Arun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Tarin M. tmthompson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Tarin","email":"tmthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vakharia, Vikram N.","contributorId":30846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vakharia","given":"Vikram","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034821,"text":"70034821 - 2011 - Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its implications for sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T11:44:54","indexId":"70034821","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its implications for sampling","docAbstract":"Predictive models of microclimate under various site conditions in forested headwater stream - riparian areas are poorly developed, and sampling designs for characterizing underlying riparian microclimate gradients are sparse. We used riparian microclimate data collected at eight headwater streams in the Oregon Coast Range to compare ordinary kriging (OK), universal kriging (UK), and kriging with external drift (KED) for point prediction of mean maximum air temperature (Tair). Several topographic and forest structure characteristics were considered as site-specific parameters. Height above stream and distance to stream were the most important covariates in the KED models, which outperformed OK and UK in terms of root mean square error. Sample patterns were optimized based on the kriging variance and the weighted means of shortest distance criterion using the simulated annealing algorithm. The optimized sample patterns outperformed systematic sample patterns in terms of mean kriging variance mainly for small sample sizes. These findings suggest methods for increasing efficiency of microclimate monitoring in riparian areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/x11-015","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Eskelson, B., Anderson, P.D., Hagar, J., and Temesgen, H., 2011, Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its implications for sampling: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 41, no. 5, p. 974-985, https://doi.org/10.1139/x11-015.","startPage":"974","endPage":"985","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215611,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-015"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28b2e4b0c8380cd5a317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eskelson, B.N.I.","contributorId":79725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eskelson","given":"B.N.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, P. D.","contributorId":91189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagar, J.C.","contributorId":46208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Temesgen, H.","contributorId":50371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temesgen","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035175,"text":"70035175 - 2011 - Why do some, but not all, tropical birds migrate? A comparative study of diet breadth and fruit preference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T13:06:10.869905","indexId":"70035175","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1603,"text":"Evolutionary Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why do some, but not all, tropical birds migrate? A comparative study of diet breadth and fruit preference","docAbstract":"

Annual migrations of birds profoundly influence terrestrial communities. However, few empirical studies examine why birds migrate, in part due to the difficulty of testing causal hypotheses in long-distance migration systems. Short-distance altitudinal migrations provide relatively tractable systems in which to test explanations for migration. Many past studies explain tropical altitudinal migration as a response to spatial and temporal variation in fruit availability. Yet this hypothesis fails to explain why some coexisting, closely-related frugivorous birds remain resident year-round. We take a mechanistic approach by proposing and evaluating two hypotheses (one based on competitive exclusion and the other based on differences in dietary specialization) to explain why some, but not all, tropical frugivores migrate. We tested predictions of these hypotheses by comparing diets, fruit preferences, and the relationships between diet and preference in closely-related pairs of migrant and resident species. Fecal samples and experimental choice trials revealed that sympatric migrants and residents differed in both their diets and fruit preferences. Migrants consumed a greater diversity of fruits and fewer arthropods than did their resident counterparts. Migrants also tended to have slightly stronger fruit preferences than residents. Most critically, diets of migrants more closely matched their preferences than did the diets of residents. These results suggest that migrants may be competitively superior foragers for fruit compared to residents (rather than vice versa), implying that current competitive interactions are unlikely to explain variation in migratory behavior among coexisting frugivores. We found some support for the dietary specialization hypothesis, propose refinements to the mechanism underlying this hypothesis, and discuss how dietary specialization might ultimately reflect past interspecific competition. We recommend that future studies quantify variation in nutritional content of tropical fruits, and determine whether frugivory is a consequence or a cause of migratory behaviour.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10682-010-9403-4","issn":"02697653","usgsCitation":"Boyle, W., Conway, C.J., and Bronstein, J.L., 2011, Why do some, but not all, tropical birds migrate? A comparative study of diet breadth and fruit preference: Evolutionary Ecology, v. 25, no. 1, p. 219-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-010-9403-4.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"236","ipdsId":"IP-019206","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0a0e4b08c986b32ef81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyle, W.A.","contributorId":101905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bronstein, Judith L.","contributorId":66084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronstein","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035672,"text":"70035672 - 2011 - Fish community and bioassessment responses to stream network position","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T15:10:54","indexId":"70035672","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish community and bioassessment responses to stream network position","docAbstract":"If organisms move beyond the boundaries of local sampling units, regional metacommunity dynamics could undermine the ability of bioassessment studies to characterize local environmental quality. We tested the prediction that fish dispersal influences local fish community structure and bioassessment metrics as a function of site position within stream networks. We evaluated fish community data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program in West Virginia, USA, to compare the influences of stream network position, ecoregion, basin, and stream size on local fish community composition. We assigned sites to 1 of 3 stream network positions: 1) main channels (MC, n  =  12) encompassed streams with upstream catchment areas >200 km2, 2) mainstem tributaries (MT, n  =  43) flowed into MC-sized confluences within 15 fluvial km, 3) headwater tributaries (HT, n  =  31) lacked such riverine confluences within 15 fluvial km. MT and HT sites had similar upstream catchment sizes and landuse gradients, but species richness was greater in MT sites than HT sites, whereas MT and MC sites were not different in this regard. Three bioassessment metrics were greater in MT sites than HT sites (intolerant species richness, cyprinid species richness, benthic species richness), but a multimetric index of biotic integrity did not differ among stream network positions. Ordinations revealed that fish community composition was organized primarily by zoogeographic basin (Monongahela River basin, New River basin, Ohio River basin), ecoregion (Central Appalachian Plateau, Western Appalachian Plateau, Ridge and Valley), and stream size. Riverine specialists were more abundant in MT than HT sites and were more abundant in basins connected to the Ohio River than in basins isolated from the Ohio River by a large waterfall (New River). Our results suggest that contemporary dispersal among streams influences fish community composition over small spatial scales (101 km), historical dispersal constrained by zoogeographic barriers influences community structure over larger areas (102 km), and contemporary dispersal by fishes influences certain metrics commonly used in bioassessment programs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","publisherLocation":"http://www.freshwater-science.org/","doi":"10.1899/09-155.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N., and Angermeier, P., 2011, Fish community and bioassessment responses to stream network position: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 30, no. 1, p. 296-309, https://doi.org/10.1899/09-155.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"309","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216276,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/09-155.1"},{"id":244139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1089e4b0c8380cd53cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, N.P. 0000-0002-1046-4568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":101466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035897,"text":"70035897 - 2011 - An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T20:04:26.516947","indexId":"70035897","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize","docAbstract":"

In the lowland Maya area, pollen records provide important insights into the impact of past human populations and climate change on tropical ecosystems. Despite a long history of regional paleoecological research, few studies have characterized the palynological signatures of lowland ecosystems, a fact which lowers confidence in ecological inferences made from palynological data. We sought to verify whether we could use pollen spectra to reliably distinguish modern ecosystem types in the Maya lowlands of Central America. We collected 23 soil and sediment samples from eight ecosystem types, including upland, riparian, secondary, and swamp (bajo) forests; pine savanna; and three distinct wetland communities. We analyzed pollen spectra with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and found significant compositional differences in ecosystem types' pollen spectra. Forested sites had spectra dominated by Moraceae/Urticaceae pollen, while non-forested sites had significant portions of Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Amaranthaceae pollen. Upland, bajo, and riparian forest differed in representation of Cyperaceae, Bactris-type, and Combretaceae/Melastomataceae pollen. High percentages of pine (Pinus), oak (Quercus), and the presence of Byrsonima characterized pine savanna. Despite its limited sample size, this study provides one of the first statistical analyses of modern pollen rain in the Maya lowlands. Our results show that pollen assemblages can accurately reflect differences between ecosystem types, which may help refine interpretations of pollen records from the Maya area.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Bhattacharya, T., Beach, T., and Wahl, D.B., 2011, An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 164, no. 1-2, p. 109-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216359,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010"}],"country":"Belize","otherGeospatial":"Maya lowlands","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.14308,17.80832],[-89.15091,17.95547],[-89.02986,18.00151],[-88.84834,17.8832],[-88.49012,18.48683],[-88.30003,18.49998],[-88.29634,18.35327],[-88.10681,18.34867],[-88.12348,18.07667],[-88.28535,17.64414],[-88.19787,17.48948],[-88.30264,17.13169],[-88.23952,17.03607],[-88.35543,16.53077],[-88.55182,16.26547],[-88.73243,16.23363],[-88.93061,15.88727],[-89.22912,15.88694],[-89.15081,17.01558],[-89.14308,17.80832]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Belize\"}}]}","volume":"164","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f0e4b0c8380cd48540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhattacharya, T.","contributorId":96920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beach, T.","contributorId":39607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beach","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahl, David B. 0000-0002-0451-3554 dwahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3554","contributorId":3433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","email":"dwahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035674,"text":"70035674 - 2011 - Environmental controls of wood entrapment in upper Midwestern streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T16:04:38","indexId":"70035674","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental controls of wood entrapment in upper Midwestern streams","docAbstract":"

Wood deposited in streams provides a wide variety of ecosystem functions, including enhancing habitat for key species in stream food webs, increasing geomorphic and hydraulic heterogeneity and retaining organic matter. Given the strong role that wood plays in streams, factors that influence wood inputs, retention and transport are critical to stream ecology. Wood entrapment, the process of wood coming to rest after being swept downstream at least 10 m, is poorly understood, yet important for predicting stream function and success of restoration efforts. Data on entrapment were collected for a wide range of natural wood pieces (n = 344), stream geomorphology and hydraulic conditions in nine streams along the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota. Locations of pieces were determined in summer 2007 and again following an overbank stormflow event in fall 2007. The ratio of piece length to effective stream width (length ratio) and the weight of the piece were important in a multiple logistic regression model that explained 25% of the variance in wood entrapment. Entrapment remains difficult to predict in natural streams, and often may simply occur wherever wood pieces are located when high water recedes. However, this study can inform stream modifications to discourage entrapment at road crossings or other infrastructure by applying the model formula to estimate the effective width required to pass particular wood pieces. Conversely, these results could also be used to determine conditions (e.g. pre-existing large, stable pieces) that encourage entrapment where wood is valued for ecological functions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7846","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Merten, E.C., Finlay, J., Johnson, L., Newman, R., Stefan, H., and Vondracek, B.C., 2011, Environmental controls of wood entrapment in upper Midwestern streams: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 4, p. 593-602, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7846.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-018202","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475242,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11299/183601","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216311,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7846"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.2247314453125,\n 46.66828707388311\n ],\n [\n -89.4451904296875,\n 46.66828707388311\n ],\n [\n -89.4451904296875,\n 48.0156497866894\n ],\n [\n -92.2247314453125,\n 48.0156497866894\n ],\n [\n -92.2247314453125,\n 46.66828707388311\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09b5e4b0c8380cd5201c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merten, Eric C.","contributorId":75355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merten","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":451805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finlay, Jacques","contributorId":172286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finlay","given":"Jacques","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Lucinda","contributorId":172287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Lucinda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, Raymond","contributorId":172288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Raymond","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stefan, Heinz","contributorId":172289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stefan","given":"Heinz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035389,"text":"70035389 - 2011 - Are temperate mature forests buffered from invasive lianas?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T14:32:05","indexId":"70035389","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2571,"text":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are temperate mature forests buffered from invasive lianas?","docAbstract":"Mature and old-growth forests are often thought to be buffered against invasive species due to low levels of light and infrequent disturbance. Lianas (woody vines) and other climbing plants are also known to exhibit lower densities in older forests. As part of a larger survey of the lianas of the southern Lake Michigan region in mature and old-growth forests, the level of infestation by invasive lianas was evaluated. The only invasive liana detected in these surveys was Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (Celastraceae). Although this species had only attached to trees and reached the canopy in a few instances, it was present in 30% of transects surveyed, mostly as a component of the ground layer. Transects with C. orbiculatus had higher levels of soil potassium and higher liana richness than transects without. In contrast, transects with the native C. scandens had higher pH, sand content, and soil magnesium and lower organic matter compared to transects where it was absent. Celastrus orbiculatus appears to be a generalist liana since it often occurs with native lianas. Celastrus orbiculatus poses a substantial threat to mature forests as it will persist in the understory until a canopy gap or other disturbance provides the light and supports necessary for it to ascend to the canopy and damage tree species. As a result, these forests should be monitored by land managers so that C. orbiculatus eradication can occur while invasions are at low densities and restricted to the ground layer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Torrey Botanical Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.3159/10-RA-055.1","issn":"10955674","usgsCitation":"Pavlovic, N.B., and Leicht-Young, S.A., 2011, Are temperate mature forests buffered from invasive lianas?: Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, v. 138, no. 1, p. 85-92, https://doi.org/10.3159/10-RA-055.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215555,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3159/10-RA-055.1"},{"id":243367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana;Michigan;Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed60e4b0c8380cd4978f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leicht-Young, Stacey A.","contributorId":80506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034819,"text":"70034819 - 2011 - Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow modeling in a gravel-bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034819","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow modeling in a gravel-bed river","docAbstract":"Many applications in river research and management rely upon two-dimensional (2D) numerical models to characterize flow fields, assess habitat conditions, and evaluate channel stability. Predictions from such models are potentially highly uncertain due to the uncertainty associated with the topographic data provided as input. This study used a spatial stochastic simulation strategy to examine the effects of topographic uncertainty on flow modeling. Many, equally likely bed elevation realizations for a simple meander bend were generated and propagated through a typical 2D model to produce distributions of water-surface elevation, depth, velocity, and boundary shear stress at each node of the model's computational grid. Ensemble summary statistics were used to characterize the uncertainty associated with these predictions and to examine the spatial structure of this uncertainty in relation to channel morphology. Simulations conditioned to different data configurations indicated that model predictions became increasingly uncertain as the spacing between surveyed cross sections increased. Model sensitivity to topographic uncertainty was greater for base flow conditions than for a higher, subbankfull flow (75% of bankfull discharge). The degree of sensitivity also varied spatially throughout the bend, with the greatest uncertainty occurring over the point bar where the flow field was influenced by topographic steering effects. Uncertain topography can therefore introduce significant uncertainty to analyses of habitat suitability and bed mobility based on flow model output. In the presence of such uncertainty, the results of these studies are most appropriately represented in probabilistic terms using distributions of model predictions derived from a series of topographic realizations. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009618","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Legleiter, C., Kyriakidis, P., McDonald, R.R., and Nelson, J.M., 2011, Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow modeling in a gravel-bed river: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009618.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009618"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a081ae4b0c8380cd51996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legleiter, C.J.","contributorId":104727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kyriakidis, P.C.","contributorId":66506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyriakidis","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, R. R.","contributorId":72810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034818,"text":"70034818 - 2011 - Future directions in geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T09:32:21","indexId":"70034818","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1490,"text":"Elements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future directions in geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry","docAbstract":"

Humanity is confronted with an enormous challenge, as succinctly stated by the late Steven Schneider (2001; quoted by Jantzen 2004*): “Humans are forcing the Earth’s environmental systems to change at a rate that is more advanced than their knowledge of the consequences.” Geobiologists and low-temperature geochemists characterize material from the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere to understand processes operating within and between these components of the Earth system from the atomic to the planetary scale. For this reason, the interwoven disciplines of geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry are central to understanding and ultimately predicting the behavior of these life-sustaining systems. We present here comments and recommendations from the participants of a workshop entitled “Future Directions in Geobiology and Low-Temperature Geochemistry,” hosted by the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, DC, on 27–28 August 2010. The goal of the workshop was to suggest ways to leverage the vast intellectual and analytical capabilities of our diverse scientific community to characterize the Earth’s past, present, and future geochemical habitat as we enter the second decade of what E. O. Wilson dubbed “the century of the environment.”

","largerWorkTitle":"Elements","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","issn":"18115209","usgsCitation":"Freeman, K., and Goldhaber, M., 2011, Future directions in geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry: Elements, v. 7, no. 2, p. 138-139.","productDescription":"2","startPage":"138","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-030765","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1431e4b0c8380cd54949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Katherine H.","contributorId":35906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Katherine H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034484,"text":"70034484 - 2011 - Diversity and biogeochemical structuring of bacterial communities across the Porangahau ridge accretionary prism, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T20:31:30.665979","indexId":"70034484","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diversity and biogeochemical structuring of bacterial communities across the Porangahau ridge accretionary prism, New Zealand","docAbstract":"

Sediments from the Porangahau ridge, located off the northeastern coast of New Zealand, were studied to describe bacterial community structure in conjunction with differing biogeochemical regimes across the ridge. Low diversity was observed in sediments from an eroded basin seaward of the ridge and the community was dominated by uncultured members of the Burkholderiales. Chloroflexi/GNS and Deltaproteobacteria were abundant in sediments from a methane seep located landward of the ridge. Gas-charged and organic-rich sediments further landward had the highest overall diversity. Surface sediments, with the exception of those from the basin, were dominated by Rhodobacterales sequences associated with organic matter deposition. Taxa related to the Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus and the JS1 candidates were highly abundant at the sulfate–methane transition zone (SMTZ) at three sites. To determine how community structure was influenced by terrestrial, pelagic and in situ substrates, sequence data were statistically analyzed against geochemical data (e.g. sulfate, chloride, nitrogen, phosphorous, methane, bulk inorganic and organic carbon pools) using the Biota-Environmental matching procedure. Landward of the ridge, sulfate was among the most significant structuring factors. Seaward of the ridge, silica and ammonium were important structuring factors. Regardless of the transect location, methane was the principal structuring factor on SMTZ communities.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01133.x","issn":"01686496","usgsCitation":"Hamdan, L., Gillevet, P., Pohlman, J., Sikaroodi, M., Greinert, J., and Coffin, R., 2011, Diversity and biogeochemical structuring of bacterial communities across the Porangahau ridge accretionary prism, New Zealand: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 77, no. 3, p. 518-532, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01133.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"518","endPage":"532","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475343,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01133.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215912,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01133.x"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a034fe4b0c8380cd5040b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamdan, L.J.","contributorId":30474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamdan","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillevet, P.M.","contributorId":33499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillevet","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pohlman, J. W. 0000-0002-3563-4586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":38362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sikaroodi, M.","contributorId":13060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikaroodi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greinert, J.","contributorId":61668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greinert","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coffin, R.B.","contributorId":59628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034815,"text":"70034815 - 2011 - Effects of ignition location models on the burn patterns of simulated wildfires","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T11:55:53.194341","indexId":"70034815","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of ignition location models on the burn patterns of simulated wildfires","docAbstract":"

Fire simulation studies that use models such as FARSITE often assume that ignition locations are distributed randomly, because spatially explicit information about actual ignition locations are difficult to obtain. However, many studies show that the spatial distribution of ignition locations, whether human-caused or natural, is non-random. Thus, predictions from fire simulations based on random ignitions may be unrealistic. However, the extent to which the assumption of ignition location affects the predictions of fire simulation models has never been systematically explored. Our goal was to assess the difference in fire simulations that are based on random versus non-random ignition location patterns. We conducted four sets of 6000 FARSITE simulations for the Santa Monica Mountains in California to quantify the influence of random and non-random ignition locations and normal and extreme weather conditions on fire size distributions and spatial patterns of burn probability. Under extreme weather conditions, fires were significantly larger for non-random ignitions compared to random ignitions (mean area of 344.5 ha and 230.1 ha, respectively), but burn probability maps were highly correlated (r = 0.83). Under normal weather, random ignitions produced significantly larger fires than non-random ignitions (17.5 ha and 13.3 ha, respectively), and the spatial correlations between burn probability maps were not high (r = 0.54), though the difference in the average burn probability was small. The results of the study suggest that the location of ignitions used in fire simulation models may substantially influence the spatial predictions of fire spread patterns. However, the spatial bias introduced by using a random ignition location model may be minimized if the fire simulations are conducted under extreme weather conditions when fire spread is greatest.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.11.016","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Bar-Massada, A., Syphard, A., Hawbaker, T., Stewart, S.I., and Radeloff, V.C., 2011, Effects of ignition location models on the burn patterns of simulated wildfires: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 26, no. 5, p. 583-592, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.11.016.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"592","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Malibu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.22088623046875,\n 33.920571528675076\n ],\n [\n -118.41064453125,\n 33.920571528675076\n ],\n [\n -118.41064453125,\n 34.22088697429016\n ],\n [\n -119.22088623046875,\n 34.22088697429016\n ],\n [\n -119.22088623046875,\n 33.920571528675076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0721e4b0c8380cd51588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bar-Massada, A.","contributorId":7524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bar-Massada","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Syphard, A.D.","contributorId":68950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syphard","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":196234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":447773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, S. I.","contributorId":99779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radeloff, V. C.","contributorId":58467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radeloff","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}