{"pageNumber":"1828","pageRowStart":"45675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68934,"records":[{"id":1007599,"text":"1007599 - 1990 - Toxicity of municipal wastewater effluents contaminated by pentachlorophenol in southwest Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T12:22:51","indexId":"1007599","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of municipal wastewater effluents contaminated by pentachlorophenol in southwest Missouri","docAbstract":"<p><span>Toxicity of effluents from two sewage treatment plants in Joplin, Missouri, was tested using&nbsp;</span><i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Pimephales promelas</i><span>. No test organisms survived in effluents from either plant, in effluents diluted with water from Turkey Creek (the receiving stream), or in water from Turkey Creek. Mortality was complete in all but the most dilute treatments of effluents, in which reconstituted water was used as the diluent. High concentrations of pentachlorophenol (130&ndash;970 &mu;g liter</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>) in effluents and the receiving stream likely caused mortality during the 7-day tests. Detectable concentrations of other phenolic compounds indicated the presence in Turkey Creek of other toxic by-products of pentachlorophenol manufacture. This study demonstrated the utility of biological tests of whole effluents to determine toxicity of wastewater effluents.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(90)90094-S","usgsCitation":"Wylie, G., Finger, S., and Crawford, R., 1990, Toxicity of municipal wastewater effluents contaminated by pentachlorophenol in southwest Missouri: Environmental Pollution, v. 64, p. 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(90)90094-S.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Jasper County","city":"Joplin","otherGeospatial":"Turkey Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.65133666992186,\n              36.97567823176651\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.65133666992186,\n              37.17126017626408\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38148498535156,\n              37.17126017626408\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.38148498535156,\n              36.97567823176651\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.65133666992186,\n              36.97567823176651\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wylie, G.D.","contributorId":68238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finger, S.E.","contributorId":29769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, R.W.","contributorId":10371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003081,"text":"1003081 - 1990 - Mercury accumulation in yellow perch in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Relation to lake characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:41:55","indexId":"1003081","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury accumulation in yellow perch in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Relation to lake characteristics","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied relations between lacustrine characteristics and the total mercury (Hg) content of calendar age-2 yellow perch (</span><i>Perca flavescens</i><span>) in 10 seepage lakes in north-central Wisconsin. Mean concentrations and burdens (masses) of Hg in whole perch varied widely among lakes, were negatively correlated with lake pH and were positively correlated with total Hg concentration in surficial profundal sediment. Approximately 80 to 90% of the variation in Hg concentration and burden in whole perch was explained with multiple regressions containing two independent variables: either lake pH or alkalinity, and Hg concentration in surficial sediment. Variation among lakes in the Hg concentration in yellow perch was unrelated to their relative rates of growth. The mean concentration of Hg in axial muscle tissue of age-5 walleyes (</span><i>Stizostedion vitreum vitreum</i><span>) from five of the study lakes was highly correlated with the mean concentration in whole age-2 perch in the same lakes. We hypothesized that the high Hg concentrations often seen in piscivorous fish in low-alkalinity lakes (relative to high-alkalinity lakes) is at least partly due to a greater dietary intake of Hg in such waters. Furthermore, the analysis of small yellow perch—the preferred prey of adult walleyes and an important forage species for many predatory fishes in the north-central United States—may be an effective approach to assessing Hg bioavailability in the region's lakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090711","usgsCitation":"Cope, W., Wiener, J., and Rada, R., 1990, Mercury accumulation in yellow perch in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Relation to lake characteristics: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 7, p. 931-940, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090711.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"940","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rada, R.G.","contributorId":7651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003829,"text":"1003829 - 1990 - Mortality from duck plague virus in immunosuppressed adult mallard ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T11:15:31","indexId":"1003829","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality from duck plague virus in immunosuppressed adult mallard ducks","docAbstract":"<p>Environmental contaminants contain chemicals that, if ingested, could affect the immunological status of wild birds, and in particular, their resistance to infectious disease. Immunosuppression caused by environmental contaminants, could have a major impact on waterfowl populations, resulting in increased susceptibility to contagious disease agents. Duck plague virus has caused repeated outbreaks in waterfowl resulting in mortality. In this study, several doses of cyclophosphamide (CY), a known immunosuppressant, were administered to adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to determine if a resultant decrease in resistance to a normally sub-lethal strain of duck plague virus would occur, and induce mortality in these birds. Death occurred in birds given CY only, and in birds given virus and CY, but not in those given virus only. There was significantly greater mortality and more rapid deaths in the duck plague virus-infected groups than in groups receiving only the immunosuppressant. A positively correlated dose-response effect was observed with CY mortalities, irrespective of virus exposure. A fuel oil and a crude oil, common environmental contaminants with immunosuppressive capabilities, were tested to determine if they could produce an effect similar to that of CY. Following 28 days of oral oil administration, the birds were challenged with a sub-lethal dose of duck plague virus. No alteration in resistance to the virus (as measured by mortality) was observed, except in the positive CY control group.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-26.3.299","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, D., Yuill, T.M., and Burgess, E., 1990, Mortality from duck plague virus in immunosuppressed adult mallard ducks: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 26, no. 3, p. 299-306, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-26.3.299.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-26.3.299","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b477b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, Diana R. 0000-0001-8540-8512","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-8512","contributorId":82252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Diana R.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yuill, Thomas M.","contributorId":60580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuill","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgess, E.C.","contributorId":19924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013299,"text":"1013299 - 1990 - Computer-aided procedure for counting waterfowl on aerial photographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:36:09","indexId":"1013299","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer-aided procedure for counting waterfowl on aerial photographs","docAbstract":"Examination of 46 Canada goose goslings yielded 14 species of parasites, including five Protozoa, four Nematoda, two Cestoda, and three Trematoda.  Evidence indicates that goslings acquired most of these infections during their first week of life. Some parasites, Prosthogonimus sp., occurred only in younger birds. Others, Leucocytozoon simondi, were evident only during the initial course of infection, while still others remained evident in older geese.  Parasites with a direct life cycle appeared to be more prevalent than those requiring intermediate hosts. Among 29 birds from a refuge in Michigan, 14 species of parasites were found; while in 17 goslings from a Utah refuge, only five  species occurred.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Bajzak, D., and Piatt, J.F., 1990, Computer-aided procedure for counting waterfowl on aerial photographs: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 18, no. 2, p. 125-129.","productDescription":"pp. 125-129","startPage":"125","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a637b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bajzak, D.","contributorId":45262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bajzak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003528,"text":"1003528 - 1990 - Effect of pH on the accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol in goldfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T17:38:05.210823","indexId":"1003528","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of pH on the accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol in goldfish","docAbstract":"<p><span>The kinetics of accumulation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) at various pH values were investigated to explore how pH-dependent accumulation might influence PCP toxicity. Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to 5 μg PCP/L in a static system buffered with 7.5 mM bicine or</span><i>N,N</i><span>-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (BES) at pH 7.0, 8.0, or 9.0. The amount of PCP in the fish, concentration of PCP in water, and the total amount of metabolites in the system were measured after exposure of fish from 1 to 96 hr. Equations for these variables based on a two compartment pharmacokinetic model were fitted simultaneously to the data using NONLIN, which uses an iterative nonlinear least squares technique. Uptake clearance, metabolic clearance, and apparent volume of distribution of PCP decreased as pH increased. The decrease in PCP accumulation with increased pH was not due solely to a pH-induced decrease in uptake. In addition, the distribution of PCP within the fish was altered by changes in the external pH. The pH-associated changes in distribution may have altered access of PCP to sites of metabolism, thereby altering the metabolic clearance. The pH-related changes in the pharmacokinetics of PCP resulted in a decrease in its bioconcentration factor with an increase in pH and account both for the decreased capacity of the fish to accumulate PCP and for its reduced LC50.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01054993","usgsCitation":"Stehly, G., and Hayton, W.L., 1990, Effect of pH on the accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol in goldfish: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 19, no. 3, p. 464-470, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01054993.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"470","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201921,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6255f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehly, G. R.","contributorId":34081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayton, W. L.","contributorId":100325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015976,"text":"70015976 - 1990 - Mechanisms controlling Cu, Fe, Mn, and Co profiles in peat of the Filson Creek Fen, northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T14:26:03.384523","indexId":"70015976","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms controlling Cu, Fe, Mn, and Co profiles in peat of the Filson Creek Fen, northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Filson Creek Fen, located in northeastern Minnesota, overlies a Cu-Ni sulfide deposit. A site in the fen was studied to evaluate the hydrogeochemical mechanisms governing the development of Fe, Mn, Co, and Cu profiles in the peat. At the study site, surface peat approximately 1 m thick is separated from the underlying mineralized bedrock by a 6–12 m thickness of lake and glaciofluvial sediments and till. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Co, and Cu in peat and major elements in pore water delineate a shallow, relatively oxidized, Cu-rich zone overlying a deeper, reduced, Fe-, Mn-, and Co-rich zone within the peat. Sequential metal extractions from peat samples reveal that 40–55% of the Cu in the shallow zone is associated with organic material, whereas the remaining Cu is distributed between iron-oxide, sulfide, and residual fractions. Sixty to seventy percent of the Fe, Mn, and Co concentrated in the deeper zone occur in the residual phase. The metal profiles and associations probably result from non-steady-state input of metals and detritus into the fen during formation of the peat column. The enrichment of organic-associated Cu in the upper, oxidized zone represents a combination of Cu transported into the fen with detrital plant fragments and soluble Cu, derived from weathering of outcrop and subcrop of the mineral deposit, transported into the fen, and fixed onto organic matter in the peat. The variable stratigraphy of the peat indicates that weathering processes and surface vegetation have changed through time in the fen. The Fe, Mn, and Co maxima at the base of the peat are associated with a maximum in detrital matter content of the peat resulting from a transition between the underlying inorganic sedimentary environment to an organic sedimentary environment. The chemistry of sediments and ground water collected beneath the peat indicate that mobilization of metals from sulfide minerals in the buried mineral deposit or glacial deposits is minimal. Therefore, the primary source of Cu to the peat at the study site is outcrops and shallow subcrops of the mineral deposit adjacent to the fen.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90111-W","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., Filipek, L., and Papp, C.S., 1990, Mechanisms controlling Cu, Fe, Mn, and Co profiles in peat of the Filson Creek Fen, northeastern Minnesota: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 11, p. 2933-2946, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90111-W.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2933","endPage":"2946","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5369e4b0c8380cd6ca78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, K.","contributorId":14054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Filipek, L.H.","contributorId":58392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filipek","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papp, C. S.E.","contributorId":69304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"C.","middleInitial":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1017335,"text":"1017335 - 1990 - Pintails: causes for the decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"1017335","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1158,"text":"California Waterfowl Association Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pintails: causes for the decline","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Waterfowl Association Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., 1990, Pintails: causes for the decline: California Waterfowl Association Magazine, v. 16, no. 2, p. 41-44.","productDescription":"p. 41-44","startPage":"41","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003211,"text":"1003211 - 1990 - Egg size and laying order of snowy egrets, great egrets, and black-crowned night-herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T12:24:24.890881","indexId":"1003211","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Egg size and laying order of snowy egrets, great egrets, and black-crowned night-herons","docAbstract":"The authors' objective was to describe egg size in relation to laying order for Great Egrets (Casmerodius  albus ), Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula ), and Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax ) in a southern  Texas colony and Great Egrets in a southern Florida colony. Based on egg-size patterns in other colonial  waterbirds and the occurrence of brood reduction in egrets and herons, they predicted that the final egg laid in a  clutch would be smaller than those laid earlier.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368698","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., and Frederick, P.C., 1990, Egg size and laying order of snowy egrets, great egrets, and black-crowned night-herons: Condor, v. 92, no. 3, p. 772-775, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368698.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"772","endPage":"775","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60f2a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frederick, P. C.","contributorId":66645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014592,"text":"1014592 - 1990 - Measurements of the abilities of cultured fishes to moisturize their digesta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T16:58:15","indexId":"1014592","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5295,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurements of the abilities of cultured fishes to moisturize their digesta","docAbstract":"<p></p><p>1. Four salmonid and four cool-water fish species were tested to determine their ability to moisturize their digesta.</p><p>2. After the fish were fed, they were sacrificed, the gut contents were removed and water content was determined.</p><p>3. The digesta of the salmonids contained the least water (63–72%) and those of largemouth bass the most (78%).</p><p>4. We conclude that there are distinct and significant differences between species and genera in the ability of fish to moisturize their digesta. The potential significance of this finding is discussed.</p><p></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0300-9629(90)90049-X","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., and Barrows, R., 1990, Measurements of the abilities of cultured fishes to moisturize their digesta: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology, v. 96, no. 1, p. 109-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(90)90049-X.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db61132c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrows, R.","contributorId":35271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2001206,"text":"2001206 - 1990 - Observations on the effects of irrigation water containing 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) on plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2001206","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"100","title":"Observations on the effects of irrigation water containing 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) on plants","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Gilderhus, P., 1990, Observations on the effects of irrigation water containing 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) on plants: Investigations in Fish Control 100, 3.","productDescription":"3","startPage":"0","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696456","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilderhus, P.A.","contributorId":60156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilderhus","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014606,"text":"1014606 - 1990 - Vertical distribution of adult American shad in the Connecticut River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T14:34:59","indexId":"1014606","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical distribution of adult American shad in the Connecticut River","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adult American shad&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa sapidissima</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>were sampled with vertical gill nets during the 1986 and 1987 spawning and postspawning migrations in the Connecticut River. Most (83%) were caught in the lower half of the water column, but not on the river bottom. The vertical distributions of gravid and spent fish were similar for both males and females. American shad showed no diel, seasonal, or yearly changes in depth distributions. Larger gravid fish swam deeper in the water column than did smaller gravid fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0151:NVDOAA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Witherell, D.B., and Kynard, B., 1990, Vertical distribution of adult American shad in the Connecticut River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 119, no. 1, p. 151-155, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0151:NVDOAA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"155","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6020a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witherell, David B.","contributorId":98169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witherell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kynard, Boyd","contributorId":84234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"Boyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003134,"text":"1003134 - 1990 - Removal of benzocaine from water by filtration with activated carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:42:34.353603","indexId":"1003134","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of benzocaine from water by filtration with activated carbon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Benzocaine is a promising candidate for registration with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as an anesthetic in fish culture, management, and research. A method for the removal of benzocaine from hatchery effluents could speed registration of this drug by eliminating requirements for data on its residues, tolerances, detoxification, and environmental hazards. Carbon filtration effectively removes many organic compounds from water. This study tested the effectiveness of three types of activated carbon for removing benzocaine from water by column filtration under controlled laboratory conditions. An adsorptive capacity was calculated for each type of activated carbon. Filtrasorb 400 (12 × 40 mesh; U.S. standard sieve series) showed the greatest capacity for benzocaine adsorption (76.12 mg benzocaine/g carbon); Filtrasorb 300 (8 × 30 mesh) ranked next (31.93 mg/g); and Filtrasorb 816 (8 × 16 mesh) adsorbed the least (1.0 mg/g). Increased adsorptive capacity was associated with smaller carbon particle size; however, smaller particle size also impeded column flow. Carbon filtration is a practical means for removing benzocaine from treated water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0032:CROBFW%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Howe, G., Bills, T., and Marking, L.L., 1990, Removal of benzocaine from water by filtration with activated carbon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 52, no. 1, p. 32-35, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0032:CROBFW%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a3b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, G.E.","contributorId":53734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000563,"text":"1000563 - 1990 - Recovery of an offshore lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) population in eastern Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T11:26:31","indexId":"1000563","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of an offshore lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) population in eastern Lake Superior","docAbstract":"<p><span>The lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) population at Stannard Rock, Michigan, an isolated offshore reef in eastern Lake Superior, was monitored each spring from 1959&ndash;79 using a permit assessment gill net fishery. This population, like nearly all of those in inshore waters, declined to low levels during the years of intense predation by the sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) in the late 1950s and early 1960s. After sea lamprey control began in 1961, the abundance of native lake trout at Stannard Rock began to increase slowly in the 1960s and was limited to recruitment into the fishable stock of native fish that were juveniles during the years of high sea lamprey activity. By the early 1970s, lake trout abundance increased sharply and remained at a high level. This rapid recovery resulted from several strong year classes produced by the small spawning aggregations that reached maturity in the 1960s. Reproduction occurred in all years during and after the peak of sea lamprey activity in 1959. The strengths of year classes produced in 1963&ndash;1968 were related to the relative abundance of spawners the previous fall.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(90)71421-9","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G.L., 1990, Recovery of an offshore lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) population in eastern Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 16, no. 2, p. 279-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(90)71421-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a31d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Gary L.","contributorId":16356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000578,"text":"1000578 - 1990 - Decline of wildcelery buds in the lower Detroit River, 1950-85","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:56:31","indexId":"1000578","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decline of wildcelery buds in the lower Detroit River, 1950-85","docAbstract":"<p>American wildcelery buds (Vallisneria americana), an abundant food eaten by diving ducks (Aythini) during migrations, decreased in the lower Detroit River of the Great Lakes from 1950 to 1985. Bud densities decreased at 2 (-14 and -18 buds/mA?) of 5 locations and were similar at 3 (-2, +2, and +3 buds/mA?) of 5 locations. Net change in all 5 areas combined, however, was a decrease of 36,720,000 buds, a 72% decline. Estimated potential losses of waterfowl feeding days caused by the decreased bud densities were 147,000 for canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria), 241,000 for redhead ducks (A. americana), or 664,000 for lesser scaup (A. affinis). Thus, the decline of wildcelery in the Detroit River may have contributed to decreased use of Michigan migration routes by some waterfowl species between 1950 and 1985.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808903","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., and Manny, B.A., 1990, Decline of wildcelery buds in the lower Detroit River, 1950-85: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 1, p. 72-76, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808903.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"76","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672675","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000581,"text":"1000581 - 1990 - Benthic invertebrate bioassays with toxic sediment and pore water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:54:12","indexId":"1000581","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic invertebrate bioassays with toxic sediment and pore water","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relative sensitivities of bioassays to determine the toxicity of sediments were investigated and three methods of making the sample dilutions required to generate dose-response relationships were compared. The assays studied were: (a) Microtox&reg;, a 15-min assay of</span><i>Photobacterium phosphoreum</i><span>&nbsp;bioluminescence inhibition by pore water; (b) 48-h&nbsp;</span><i>Daphnia magna</i><span>lethality test in pore water; (c) 10-d subchronic assay of lethality to and reduction of weight gain by&nbsp;</span><i>Chironomus tentans</i><span>&nbsp;performed in either whole sediment or pore water; (d) 168-h acute lethality assay of&nbsp;</span><i>Hexagenia limbata</i><span>&nbsp;in either whole sediment or pore water. The three methods of diluting sediments were: (a) extracting pore water from the toxic location and dilution with pore water from the control station; (b) diluting whole sediment from the toxic location with control whole sediment from a reference location, then extracting pore water; and (c) diluting toxic, whole sediment with whole sediment from a reference location, then using the whole sediment in bioassays. Based on lethality,&nbsp;</span><i>H. limbata</i><span>&nbsp;was the most sensitive organism to the toxicity of Detroit River sediment. Lethality of&nbsp;</span><i>D. magna</i><span>&nbsp;in pore water was similar to that of&nbsp;</span><i>H. limbata</i><span>&nbsp;in whole sediment and can be used to predict effects of whole sediment toxicity to&nbsp;</span><i>H. limbata.</i><span>&nbsp;The concentration required to cause a 50% reduction in&nbsp;</span><i>C. tentans</i><span>&nbsp;growth (10-d EC50) was approximately that which caused 50% lethality of&nbsp;</span><i>D. magna</i><span>&nbsp;(48-h LC50) and was similar to the toxicity that restricts benthic invertebrate colonization of contaminated sediments. While the three dilution techniques gave similar results with some assays, they gave very different results in other assays. The dose-response relationships determined by the three dilution techniques would be expected to vary with sediment, toxicant and bioassay type, and the dose-response relationship derived from each technique needs to be interpreted accordingly.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090214","usgsCitation":"Giesy, J.P., Rosiu, C.J., Graney, R.L., and Henry, M.G., 1990, Benthic invertebrate bioassays with toxic sediment and pore water: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 2, p. 233-248, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090214.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"248","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481ee4b07f02db4dff41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosiu, Cornell J.","contributorId":102035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiu","given":"Cornell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graney, Robert L.","contributorId":37294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graney","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henry, Mary G.","contributorId":38517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014611,"text":"1014611 - 1990 - Gas transfer within a multi-stage packed column oxygen absorber: Model development and application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T15:39:11.113728","indexId":"1014611","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas transfer within a multi-stage packed column oxygen absorber: Model development and application","docAbstract":"<p><span>A packed column oxygen obsorber was developed in which oxygen flow is directed, in serial reuse, through parallel packed column stages receiving equal portions of the liquid being treated. The relative performance of the absorber was established using a computer simulation program employing finite difference-mass transfer calculations. The program was calibrated using packing specific mass transfer coefficients derived from pilot scale test data. A separate series of tests served to verify model assumptions and performance predictions. Simulation data indicated multi-stage operation can substantially reduce the column height required to achieve a selected oxygen absorption efficiency (AE); for example, the column height required to achieve an AE of 76·5% with an inlet volumetric oxygenwater ratio of 0·008 (column packing, 3·81 cm plastic ACTIFIL</span><sup>®</sup><span>; water temperature, 20°C; influent dissolved oxygen, 9·08 mg/litre; operating pressure (absolute), 760 mm Hg) was 0·27 m using a 10-stage system versus 1·39 m using a single-stage absorber. Reductions in column height achieved were related to oxygen and water feed rates, number of stages employed, mass transfer characteristics of the column packing used, and concentrations of dissolved gases in the liquid being treated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(90)90010-W","usgsCitation":"Watten, B.J., and Boyd, C.E., 1990, Gas transfer within a multi-stage packed column oxygen absorber: Model development and application: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 9, no. 1, p. 33-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(90)90010-W.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, Claude E.","contributorId":192710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Claude","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000582,"text":"1000582 - 1990 - Toxicokinetics of PAHs in <i>Hexagenia</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:52:23","indexId":"1000582","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicokinetics of PAHs in <i>Hexagenia</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The accumulation kinetics of two waterborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) and phenanthrene (PHE), were studied in the mayfly nymph (<i>Hexagenia limbata</i>).</p>\n<p>The uptake clearance decreased while the bioconcentration of BAP increased with an increase in weight of the&nbsp;<i>H. limbata</i>&nbsp;nymph. The relationship between uptake clearance and bioconcentration for PHE was variable, and bioconcentration was greater for the heavier animals.</p>\n<p>Two kinetic models were used to evaluate the effect of nymph weight on disposition of PAHs: (a) the amount-uptake clearance model, similar to models most frequently used in environmental toxicology; and (b) a clearance-volume model, similar to models used in clinical pharmacology. The two models gave similar predictive results but were different in a few cases. These differences in common parameter estimation probably resulted from methodologies used and high data variability rather than the models themselves, since they are mathematically equal. Some of the parameters are unique to each of the models and are defined and described.</p>\n<p>The clearance of oxygen from water is inversely and linearly related to the weight of the mayfly nymphs, but oxygen clearances were always much less than the uptake clearances of the PAHs. The high PAH uptake clearance compared to oxygen clearance implies a greater surface area or efficiency for PAH accumulation from water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090206","usgsCitation":"Stehly, G.R., Landrum, P.F., Henry, M.G., and Klemm, C., 1990, Toxicokinetics of PAHs in <i>Hexagenia</i>: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 2, p. 167-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090206.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62802e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehly, Guy R.","contributorId":11553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landrum, Peter F.","contributorId":20688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landrum","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Mary G.","contributorId":38517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klemm, C.","contributorId":21917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014613,"text":"1014613 - 1990 - Modeling the effects of serial off-gas reuse on the performance of a hooded surface oxygen obsorption system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T15:44:56.110048","indexId":"1014613","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the effects of serial off-gas reuse on the performance of a hooded surface oxygen obsorption system","docAbstract":"<p><span>A numerical model was used to evaluate the performance of a surface agitation system designed to contact commercial oxygen with water. The modeled system was unique in that oxygen-rich off-gas, normally discharged to the atmosphere, was directed in serial reuse through additional contact stages receiving untreated water. A correlation between the agitator mass-transfer coefficient and power demand, needed to calibrate the model, was established using a single-stage (37 W) contactor of 1·18 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;capacity. Additional tests, conducted with both single and three-stage equipment, verified model assumptions and performance predictions. Simulation runs indicated oxygen flow or power input required to meet a given effluent dissolved gas criterion can be substantially reduced by the off-gas reuse step; for example, to achieve an effluent dissolved oxygen of 24·1 mg/litre with a single stage agitator the oxygen feed rate needed was 61·5% greater than that required by a six-stage system receiving the same total power input (standard aeration efficiency, 0·5 kg/kW h; water flow rate, 100 litre/min; influent dissolved oxygen, 9·08 mg/litre at 15°C). The savings achieved increased with (1) greater target effluent dissolved oxygen concentrations, (2) lower oxygen feed rates, (3) higher input power levels, and (4) number of contact stages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(90)90014-Q","usgsCitation":"Watten, B.J., Meade, J.W., and Boyd, C.E., 1990, Modeling the effects of serial off-gas reuse on the performance of a hooded surface oxygen obsorption system: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 9, no. 2, p. 97-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(90)90014-Q.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, Claude E.","contributorId":192710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Claude","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014642,"text":"1014642 - 1990 - Effects of ozonated-water reuse on salinity tolerance of Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:44:03.533462","indexId":"1014642","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of ozonated-water reuse on salinity tolerance of Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>We conducted several seasonal aquarium experiments to determine survival and body chemistry changes of Atlantic salmon (</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>) after 24‐h exposures to salinities of 0, 16.5, 33, and 40‰ at 10°C. Fish transferred directly to test aquaria from an ozonated, 100‰ closed water‐reuse system at 18°C were compared with fish acclimated to single‐use water at 10°C for 1–3 weeks before salinity challenges in solutions of sea salt. In the initial (December and January) challenges, all Atlantic salmon from the closed system with a fork length of at least 200 mm survived exposure to 16.5 and 33‰ salinity, but not 40‰; fish 135 mm long or shorter did not survive exposure to 33‰ salinity. In later experiments, prior acclimation of fish to single‐use water at 10°C helped protect them against exposure to high salinity (i.e., 33 and 40‰) at 10°C. Few fish that were moved directly from the water‐reuse system into test aquaria lived for 24 h in 33 or 40‰ salinity. Atlantic salmon contained less water at 33‰ than at 16.5‰ or in fresh water, but carcass water content did not differ within salinity treatments between fish previously held at 18°C and those acclimated to 10°C and single‐use water. At each salinity, serum sodium concentration tended to rise less in those fish acclimated to the singleuse system than in those transferred directly from the reuse system to the aquaria. The exposure of Atlantic salmon to an elevated acclimation temperature (18°C) in the water‐reuse system exacerbated the disruption of their ionic exchange at exposures to 33 and 40‰ sea salt. A trace of copper (27 μg/L) in the reused water also may have reduced the salinity tolerance of these fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0036:EOOWRO%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., and Williams, R., 1990, Effects of ozonated-water reuse on salinity tolerance of Atlantic salmon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 52, no. 1, p. 36-40, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0036:EOOWRO%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.C.","contributorId":103621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003180,"text":"1003180 - 1990 - Enhanced bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium and lead in low-alkalinity waters: An emerging regional environmental problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T17:32:53.766564","indexId":"1003180","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium and lead in low-alkalinity waters: An emerging regional environmental problem","docAbstract":"During the past decade or so, observations of high mercury concentrations in fish have renewed concerns  and mercury, primarily in two groups of fresh waters: low-alkalinity lakes (the topic of this editorial) and newly  created impoundments. The recent focus on the chemistry and biota of low-alkalinity (< 50  mu eq/L) waters  stemmed largely from concerns about acidic deposition and its effects on sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Such  studies have revealed high concentrations of mercury in biota from low-alkalinity waters in some regions--even  in seemingly pristine, semi-remote watersheds lacking both identifiable anthropogenic sources of the metal and  mercury-enriched ores. Consequently, much of the concern about mercury in aquatic systems has shifted from  direct point sources to more diffuse, poorly defined sources, possibly associated with atmospheric transport and  deposition.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090701","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J., and Stokes, P., 1990, Enhanced bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium and lead in low-alkalinity waters: An emerging regional environmental problem: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 7, p. 821-823, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090701.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"823","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokes, P.M.","contributorId":41112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2000134,"text":"2000134 - 1990 - Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.): A literature review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T13:30:48","indexId":"2000134","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"176","displayTitle":"Sago pondweed (<i>Potamogeton pectinatus</i> L.): A literature review","title":"Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.): A literature review","docAbstract":"<p>Sago pondweed (<i>Potamogeton pectinatus</i> L.) is a submersed macrophyte of nearly cosmopolitan distribution. The plant is of worldwide importance as a waterfowl food but also can be a nuisance in irrigation canals and recreational areas. The plant reproduces by many different means, depending on habitat and environmental stress. Several genetic ecotypes have evolved. Most important as waterfowl food are the turions (tubers), vegetative propagules rich in carbohydrates that are mostly buried in bottom sediments. In temperate wetlands, most turions sprout in spring, making sago behave as an annual. Drupelets (seeds) are the sexual propagules of sago and provide a mechanism for sago to survive periods of drought and excessive water salinity. Drupelets can be washed ashore or carried by birds for long distances. Sago decomposes rapidly at senescence, annually in temperate wetlands.</p><p>Sago is mostly found in semipermanently or permanently flooded mixosaline lacustrine, palustrine, and riverine wetlands &lt; 2.5 m deep, where fetches are not large or currents are &lt; 1 m/s. Sago seems to prefer stable water levels but can tolerate significant water level fluctuations. Among the Potamogetons, only sago tolerates high salinity, pH, and alkalinity, but it fares poorly among specialist taxa in acidic or nutrient-poor waters. Sago is highly tolerant of eutrophic waters, and it can be the only species of submersed macrophyte present in heavily polluted sites. Sago grows in nearly all bottom substrates. Turbidity is the factor that most frequently limits sago growth.</p><p>Sago often occurs in monotypic stands but can grow with many other submersed and emergent macrophytes. Dominance by sago in certain wetlands sometimes alternates with dominance by other submersed macrophytes when salinities or other environmental factors change. Sago also can be associated with a large variety of unattached filamentous, planktonic, or epiphytic algae. Increased turbidity caused by planktonic algae often is responsible for lowered sago production. Less common biotic limiting factors are organic pollutants and consumption and uprooting by waterfowl and fish.</p><p>Sago provides food or shelter for amphibians, reptiles, fish, and mammals. The greatest value of sago in North America is as food for migrant and staging waterfowl, primarily diving ducks and swans. Sago beds also provide habitat for a large complex of invertebrates (an important food source for young waterfowl), but direct consumption of living sago by invertebrates is negligible.</p><p>Sago has been propagated for many years-indoors, as an experimental organism for work in plant physiology or herbicide testing, and outdoors, for purposes of attracting waterfowl. Much work has also been done developing methods to control excessive sago growth in fishponds and irrigation canals.</p><p>Future research should concentrate on (1) determining, in a variety of wetland types, the causes of light-limiting turbidity that often suppresses sago growth, (2) understanding the ways in which human activities on and near wetlands affect sago production, and (3) developing reliable and predictable techniques to stimulate sago production for waterfowl by using water level manipulations and other means, in a variety of environmental settings.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Kantrud, H.A., 1990, Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.): A literature review: Resource Publication 176, 89 p.","productDescription":"89 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kantrud, Harold A.","contributorId":82375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007566,"text":"1007566 - 1990 - Growth and equilibrium in sea otter populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T16:16:22.270247","indexId":"1007566","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and equilibrium in sea otter populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>(1) Counts through time were compiled for five sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) populations in the north-east Pacific Ocean that were below equilibrium density: Attu Island, south-east Alaska, British Columbia, Washington State, and central California. Similar data were obtained from the equilibrium density population at Amchitka Island in 1971 and 1986. </span></p><p><span>(2) Shorelines of Attu and Amchitka islands each were divided into forty-five segments, within which lineal (length of shore at mean higher high water) and areal (mean higher high water to the 10-fathom (18.3-m) depth contour) measures were made of the amount of habitat. </span></p><p><span>(3) Rate of increase for the four northern populations was 17-20% year-1. Density- or size-dependent changes in rate of increase could not be demonstrated for any of these populations. The California population, in contrast, has undergone three apparent growth phases: the early 1900s to the mid-1970s when it increased about 5% year-1; the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s when it declined about 5% year-1; and the mid-1980s to 1988 when it increased about 7% year-1. An exponential growth model accounted for 92-98% of the variation in counts through time in all cases. </span></p><p><span>(4) Population increase at Attu Island was achieved largely by range expansion as opposed to increased density. Range expansion in lineal and areal habitat occurred at 11% and 13% year-1, respectively; neither rate was lower (P &gt; 0.25) than the observed rate of increase in numbers of animals counted. </span></p><p><span>(5) Despite similarities in island size and physical environment, the most conservative estimates of population density at Amchitka Island were &gt; 3 X greater than maximum density estimates for Attu Island. </span></p><p><span>(6) Surveys of Amchitka Island from the mid-1930s through the mid-1980s indicate that the population increased to a peak in the 1940s; declined abruptly thereafter; and subsequently increased to a new and higher equilibrium in the 1960s, where it has since remained. </span></p><p><span>(7) These population data, together with information on sea otter foraging and benthic community structure at Attu and Amchitka islands, suggest that multiple population equilibria exist in this system, emanating from complex trophic interactions low in the food web. I hypothesize that the lower population equilibrium is achieved largely or exclusively on an invertebrate diet consisting principally of herbivorous sea urchins. When unregulated by sea otter predation, the rocky benthos is deforested by sea urchin grazing. As growing otter populations compete increasingly for food, grazing intensity declines and the system shifts to one dominated by kelp beds, in turn leading to increased production, a shift in habitat structure, and population increases of kelp bed fishes. Apparently this new food resource elevates the sea otter population to a higher and more stable equilibrium.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.2307/4870","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., 1990, Growth and equilibrium in sea otter populations: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 59, p. 385-400, https://doi.org/10.2307/4870.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129970,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654b75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001413,"text":"1001413 - 1990 - Producing ducks using wire and electricity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:03:43","indexId":"1001413","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3439,"text":"South Carolina Waterfowl and Wetlands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Producing ducks using wire and electricity","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"South Carolina Waterfowl and Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lokemoen, J.T., 1990, Producing ducks using wire and electricity: South Carolina Waterfowl and Wetlands, v. 4, no. 1, p. 8-9.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lokemoen, J. T.","contributorId":79049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014764,"text":"1014764 - 1990 - Effect of feeding rate and gas supersaturation on survival and growth of lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:46:17.884534","indexId":"1014764","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of feeding rate and gas supersaturation on survival and growth of lake trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fingerling lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) were reared for 35 d in water with total dissolved gas pressures of 46, 78, 108, or 159 mm Hg above ambient conditions (▵P). Within each gas pressure treatment, daily feeding rations were (1) 1.7% of the total weight offish in the heaviest of three replicates, (2) 1.7% of the weight of fish in each individual tank, or (3) 0.9% of the weight in each tank (underfeeding). Signs of gas bubble trauma were first observed as hemorrhagic spots on the eyes of some fish reared at ▵P = 46, and external evidence of trauma increased as ▵P increased. All fish sampled at ▵P = 159 showed signs of gas bubble disease; the most common were eye hemorrhage and bubble formation inside the mouth. Mortality was 11% or less among fish reared at gas levels up to ▵P = 108. Mortality was as high as 55% at ▵P = 159, but did not differ among feeding treatments. Net weight gain by fish was low at ▵P = 159 because of both high mortality and slow growth. Growth was slowest for underfed fish at all gas levels, and underfed fish consistently showed increasing injury as gas pressures increased. Calculation of feeding rate on the basis of fish weight in individual tanks allowed the most cost‐efficient food distribution. Culture of lake trout at ▵P &lt; 46 is recommended.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0045:EOFRAG%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., Meade, J.W., and Smith, R.A., 1990, Effect of feeding rate and gas supersaturation on survival and growth of lake trout: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 52, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0045:EOFRAG%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62569e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000614,"text":"1000614 - 1990 - Changes in Wisconsin's Lake Michigan salmonid sport fishery, 1969-1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T09:40:25","indexId":"1000614","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in Wisconsin's Lake Michigan salmonid sport fishery, 1969-1985","docAbstract":"The modern sport fishery for salmonids in Wisconsin waters of Lake Michigan was begun during 1963-1969 with the stocking of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), brook trout (<i>S. fontinalis</i>), brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>), coho salmon (<i>O. kisutch</i>), and chinook salmon (<i>O. tshawytscha</i>).  The fishery grew rapidly during 1969-1985 as angler effort increased 10-fold, catch rate doubled, and catch increased 20-fold.  The stocking and catch became increasingly dominated by chinook salmon, with coho salmon and lake trout of secondary importance and brown, rainbow, and brook trout of least importance.  Trolling dominated the fishery, particularly by launched-boat anglers and, more recently, by moored-boat anglers.  Charter boat trolling grew the most continuously and had the highest catch rates.  The catch by trollers was dominated by chinook and coho salmon and lake trout.  Pier, stream, and shore anglers fished less overall, but had catch rates that were similar to launched-boat anglers.  The catch by pier and shore anglers was spread among chinook and coho salmon, and lake, brown and rainbow trout.  The catch by stream anglers was dominated by chinook salmon.  The percentage of stocked fish that were subsequently caught (catch ratio) was highest for fingerling chinook salmon (12.9%).  Yearling brook trout, brown trout, coho salmon, lake trout, and rainbow trout had intermediate catch ratios (5.1-9.8%).  Fingerling brook trout, brown trout, and lake trout had the lowest catch ratios (2.5-3.5%).  The catch ratio for rainbow trout dropped from 9.8 to 5.1% after stocking with a different strain (the Shasta strain).  Fingerling rainbow trout produced the lowest returns (<0.5%).  We derived stocking recommendations for each species and life stage based on these catch ratios, and catch objectives based on maintaining catch levels recorded during 1983-1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1990)010<0442:CIWSLM>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Schultz, P.T., and Lasee, B.A., 1990, Changes in Wisconsin's Lake Michigan salmonid sport fishery, 1969-1985: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 10, no. 4, p. 442-457, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1990)010<0442:CIWSLM>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"457","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268701,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1990)010<0442:CIWSLM>2.3.CO;2"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.1873,41.3809 ], [ -88.1873,46.1266 ], [ -84.5178,46.1266 ], [ -84.5178,41.3809 ], [ -88.1873,41.3809 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db54560b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Paul T.","contributorId":71518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lasee, Becky A.","contributorId":30586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasee","given":"Becky","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}