{"pageNumber":"183","pageRowStart":"4550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11364,"records":[{"id":70025500,"text":"70025500 - 2003 - Magma supply dynamics at Westdahl volcano, Alaska, modeled from satellite radar interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T14:45:02","indexId":"70025500","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma supply dynamics at Westdahl volcano, Alaska, modeled from satellite radar interferometry","docAbstract":"<p>A group of satellite radar interferograms that span the time period from 1991 to 2000 shows that Westdahl volcano, Alaska, deflated during its 1991-1992 eruption and is reinflating at a rate that could produce another eruption within the next several years. The rates of inflation and deflation are approximated by exponential decay functions having time constants of about 6 years and a few days, respectively. This behavior is consistent with a deep, constant-pressure magma source connected to a shallow reservoir by a magma-filled conduit. An elastic deformation model indicates that the reservoir is located about 6 km below sea level and beneath Westdahl Peak. We propose that the magma flow rate through the conduit is governed by the pressure gradient between the deep source and the reservoir. The pressure gradient, and hence the flow rate, are greatest immediately after eruptions. Pressurization of the reservoir decreases both the pressure gradient and the flow rate, but eventually the reservoir ruptures and an eruption or intrusion ensues. The eruption rate is controlled partly by the pressure gradient between the reservoir and surface, and therefore it, too, decreases with time. When the supply of eruptible magma is exhausted, the eruption stops, the reservoir begins to repressurize at a high rate, and the cycle repeats. This model might also be appropriate for other frequently active volcanoes with stable magma sources and relatively simple magma storage systems.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2002JB002311","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Masterlark, T., Dzurisin, D., Rykhus, R., and Wicks, C., 2003, Magma supply dynamics at Westdahl volcano, Alaska, modeled from satellite radar interferometry: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 7, e2354: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB002311.","productDescription":"e2354: 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jb002311","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b3de4b0c8380cd693b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rykhus, Russ","contributorId":53575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wicks, C. Jr.","contributorId":87681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025497,"text":"70025497 - 2003 - Effect of analytical conditions in wavelength dispersive electron microprobe analysis on the measurement of strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Ca) ratios in otoliths of anadromous salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:27:47","indexId":"70025497","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of analytical conditions in wavelength dispersive electron microprobe analysis on the measurement of strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Ca) ratios in otoliths of anadromous salmonids","docAbstract":"<p>The use of strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Ca) ratios in otoliths is becoming a standard method to describe life history type and the chronology of migrations between freshwater and seawater habitats in teleosts (e.g. Kalish, 1990; Radtke et al., 1990; Secor, 1992; Rieman et al., 1994; Radtke, 1995; Limburg, 1995; Tzeng et al. 1997; Volk et al., 2000; Zimmerman, 2000; Zimmerman and Reeves, 2000, 2002). This method provides critical information concerning the relationship and ecology of species exhibiting phenotypic variation in migratory behavior (Kalish, 1990; Secor, 1999). Methods and procedures, however, vary among laboratories because a standard method or protocol for measurement of Sr in otoliths does not exist. In this note, we examine the variations in analytical conditions in an effort to increase precision of Sr/Ca measurements. From these findings we argue that precision can be maximized with higher beam current (although there is specimen damage) than previously recommended by Gunn et al. (1992).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., and Nielsen, R.L., 2003, Effect of analytical conditions in wavelength dispersive electron microprobe analysis on the measurement of strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Ca) ratios in otoliths of anadromous salmonids: Fishery Bulletin, v. 101, no. 3, p. 712-718.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fishbull.noaa.gov/1013/1013toc.htm","text":"Fishery Bulletin: Volume 101, Issue 3"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05bee4b0c8380cd50f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Roger L.","contributorId":32045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025478,"text":"70025478 - 2003 - Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by pryoclastic flow at Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025478","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by pryoclastic flow at Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Pyroclastic flows entering the sea are plausible mechanisms for tsunami generation at volcanic island arcs worldwide. We evaluate tsunami generation by pyroclastic flow using an example from Aniakchak volcano in Alaska where evidence for tsunami inundation coincident with a major, caldera-forming eruption of the volcano ca. 3.5 ka has been described. Using a numerical model, we simulate the tsunami and compare the results to field estimates of tsunami run up.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., and Watts, P., 2003, Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by pryoclastic flow at Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 14.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a692de4b0c8380cd73bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, P.","contributorId":81669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025391,"text":"70025391 - 2003 - Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Alaska Peninsula: Source of the Late Wisconsin Dawson tephra, Yukon Territory, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025391","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Alaska Peninsula: Source of the Late Wisconsin Dawson tephra, Yukon Territory, Canada","docAbstract":"The Emmons Lake Volcanic Center on the Alaska Peninsula of southwestern Alaska is the site of at least two rhyolitic caldera-forming eruptions (C1 and C2) of late Quaternary age that are possibly the largest of the numerous caldera-forming eruptions known in the Aleutian arc. The deposits produced by these eruptions are widespread (eruptive volumes of >50 km3 each), and their association with Quaternary glacial and eolian deposits on the Alaska Peninsula and elsewhere in Alaska and northwestern Canada enhances the likelihood of establishing geochronological control on Quaternary stratigraphic records in this region. The pyroclastic deposits associated with the second caldera-forming eruption (C2) consist of loose, granular, airfall and pumice-flow deposits that extend for tens of kilometres beyond Emmons Lake caldera, reaching both the Bering Sea and Pacific Ocean coastlines north and south of the caldera. Geochronological and compositional data on C2 deposits indicate a correlation with the Dawson tephra, a 24 000 14C BP (27 000 calibrated years BP), widespread bed of silicic ash found in loess deposits in west-central Yukon Territory, Canada. The correlation clearly establishes the Dawson tephra as the time-stratigraphic marker of the last glacial maximum.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/e03-026","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Waythomas, C.F., Miller, T.P., and Trusdell, F., 2003, Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Alaska Peninsula: Source of the Late Wisconsin Dawson tephra, Yukon Territory, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 40, no. 7, p. 925-936, https://doi.org/10.1139/e03-026.","startPage":"925","endPage":"936","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-026"},{"id":236002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0901e4b0c8380cd51d5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, M. T.","contributorId":10438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025389,"text":"70025389 - 2003 - Winter habitat use by female caribou in relation to wildland fires in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-03T16:52:11","indexId":"70025389","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter habitat use by female caribou in relation to wildland fires in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The role of wildland fire in the winter habitat use of caribou (</span><i>Rangifer tarandus</i><span>) has long been debated. Fire has been viewed as detrimental to caribou because it destroys the slow-growing climax forage lichens that caribou utilize in winter. Other researchers argued that caribou were not reliant on lichens and that fire may be beneficial, even in the short term. We evaluated the distribution of caribou relative to recent fires (&lt;50 years old) within the current winter range of the Nelchina caribou herd in east-central Alaska. To address issues concerning independence and spatial and temporal scales, we used both conventional very high frequency and global positioning system telemetry to estimate caribou use relative to recent, known-aged burns. In addition, we used two methods to estimate availability of different habitat classes. Caribou used recently burned areas much less than expected, regardless of methodologies used. Moreover, within burns, caribou were more likely to use habitat within 500 m of the burn perimeter than core areas. Methods for determining use and availability did not have large influences on our measures of habitat selectivity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research press","doi":"10.1139/z03-109","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., Dale, B.W., Collins, W.B., and Adams, L., 2003, Winter habitat use by female caribou in relation to wildland fires in interior Alaska: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 81, no. 7, p. 1192-1201, https://doi.org/10.1139/z03-109.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1192","endPage":"1201","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1365EPK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"GPS Tracking Data for the Nelchina Herd Caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti), Alaska, 1999-2002"},{"id":235968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd153e4b08c986b32f378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, William B.","contributorId":190452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025269,"text":"70025269 - 2003 - Variation in plumage, molt, and morphology of the Whiskered Auklet (<i>Aethia pygmaea</i>) in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T10:09:48","indexId":"70025269","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in plumage, molt, and morphology of the Whiskered Auklet (<i>Aethia pygmaea</i>) in Alaska","docAbstract":"We studied molt and size variation in Whiskered Auklets collected at sea in August from the Aleutian Islands in 1992 and 1993. We evaluated size differences from external and skeletal measurements. Adults were molting extensively in August, indicating that molt began in July. Primaries 1-5 had been completely replaced, while primaries 6-8 were in various stages of replacement, and primaries 9 and 10 were old in most birds. We also found that juveniles were not molting. This pattern is similar to other species of small auklets where breeding and molt in adults overlap, but juveniles do not molt until the following summer. This suggests that Whiskered Auklets are subjected to similar ecological constraints as other auklets. We provide the first skeletal measurements of Whiskered Auklets and some new external measurements. Results of statistical analyses indicate that there is no sexual dimorphism in adults. A small sample of juveniles suggests that they are similar in size to adults.","language":"English","publisher":"The Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-74.1.90","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Pitocchelli, J., Piatt, J.F., and Carter, H., 2003, Variation in plumage, molt, and morphology of the Whiskered Auklet (<i>Aethia pygmaea</i>) in Alaska: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 74, no. 1, p. 90-98, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-74.1.90.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc160e4b08c986b32a548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitocchelli, Jay","contributorId":28419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitocchelli","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":79546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry R.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026130,"text":"70026130 - 2003 - Bedload component of glacially discharged sediment: Insights from the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026130","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedload component of glacially discharged sediment: Insights from the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"The flux of glacially derived bedload and the proportions of the suspended and bedload components carried by proglacial streams are highly debated. Published data indicate a large range-from <30% to >75%-in the bedload percentage of the total load. Two \"vents,\" where supercooled subglacial meltwater and sediment are discharged, were sampled over the course of an entire melt season in order to quantify the flux of glacially delivered bedload at the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska. The bedload component contributed by these vents, for the one melt season monitored, is negligible. Furthermore, the bedload fluxes appear to be strongly supply limited, as shown by the poorly correlated discharge, bedload-flux magnitude, and grain-size caliber. Thus, in this case, any attempt to employ a predictive quantitative expression for coarse-sediment production based on discharge alone would be inaccurate. A nonglaciated basin proximal to the Matanuska Glacier terminus yielded higher bedload sediment fluxes and larger clast sizes than delivered by the two monitored vents. Such nonglaciated basins should not be overlooked as potentially major sources of coarse bedload that is reworked and incorporated into valley outwash.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0007:BCOGDS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J., Pazzaglia, F., Evenson, E., Lawson, D.E., Alley, R.B., Germanoski, D., and Denner, J., 2003, Bedload component of glacially discharged sediment: Insights from the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska: Geology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 7-10, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0007:BCOGDS>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"7","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0007:BCOGDS>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f041e4b0c8380cd4a6a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, J.T.","contributorId":96061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pazzaglia, F.J.","contributorId":73793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pazzaglia","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evenson, E.B.","contributorId":79628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawson, D. E.","contributorId":9343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alley, R. B.","contributorId":49533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Germanoski, D.","contributorId":19349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germanoski","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Denner, J.D.","contributorId":54778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025232,"text":"70025232 - 2003 - The slow advance of a calving glacier: Hubbard Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:24:31","indexId":"70025232","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The slow advance of a calving glacier: Hubbard Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Hubbard Glacier is the largest tidewater glacier in North America. In contrast to most glaciers in Alaska and northwestern Canada, Hubbard Glacier thickened and advanced during the 20th century. This atypical behavior is an important example of how insensitive to climate a glacier can become during parts of the calving glacier cycle. As this glacier continues to advance, it will close the seaward entrance to 50 km long Russell Fjord and create a glacier-dammed, brackish-water lake. This paper describes measured changes in ice thickness, ice speed, terminus advance and fjord bathymetry of Hubbard Glacier, as determined from airborne laser altimetry, aerial photogrammetry, satellite imagery and bathymetric measurements. The data show that the lower regions of the glacier have thickened by as much as 83 m in the last 41 years, while the entire glacier increased in volume by 14.1 km3. Ice speeds are generally decreasing near the calving face from a high of 16.5 m d-1 in 1948 to 11.5 m d-1 in 2001. The calving terminus advanced at an average rate of about 16 m a-1 between 1895 and 1948 and accelerated to 32 m a-1 since 1948. However, since 1986, the advance of the part of the terminus in Disenchantment Bay has slowed to 28 m a-1. Bathymetric data from the lee slope of the submarine terminal moraine show that between 1978 and 1999 the moraine advanced at an average rate of 32 m a-1, which is the same as that of the calving face.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta Connect","doi":"10.3189/172756403781816400","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Trabant, D., Krimmel, R.M., Echelmeyer, K., Zirnheld, S., and Elsberg, D., 2003, The slow advance of a calving glacier: Hubbard Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A: Annals of Glaciology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756403781816400.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756403781816400","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269198,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781816400"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb037e4b08c986b324ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trabant, D.C.","contributorId":42209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krimmel, R. M.","contributorId":81093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echelmeyer, K.A.","contributorId":11781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echelmeyer","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zirnheld, S.L.","contributorId":100170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirnheld","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elsberg, D.H.","contributorId":53140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsberg","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025224,"text":"70025224 - 2003 - Deciphering the social structure of Marbled Murrelets from behavioral observations at sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T13:12:45","indexId":"70025224","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deciphering the social structure of Marbled Murrelets from behavioral observations at sea","docAbstract":"<p><span>We surveyed Marbled Murrelets (</span><i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i><span>) daily from small boats in Auke Bay and Fritz Cove, Alaska, from May through August 1992 and 1993. Differences in numbers of juveniles and in the timing of their presence in the study area between the two years indicated that breeding phenology was late and productivity was low in 1992 compared to 1993. This difference was consistent with variability in the physical environment. Of 99 fish identified in the bills of fish-holding adult murrelets, 81 (82%) were Pacific Sand Lance (</span><i>Ammodytes hexapterus</i><span>). Counts of fish-holding adult murrelets were significantly higher in the evening than at any other time of day. Time of day had no significant effects on counts of fledglings, indicating that juveniles were moving into and out of the study area during the day. Murrelets were predominantly found in groups of two or more, even during incubation, suggesting that murrelets incur an appreciable benefit, such as increased foraging efficiency, from foraging in groups. For both summers, there was no correlation between counts of murrelets on the water and numbers of murrelet detections in the adjacent forest. We suggest that many behavior patterns of the Marbled Murrelet (displaying, choosing of mates, and pair-bonding, finding of nest sites and successful foraging of juveniles) may be socially facilitated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0266:DTSSOM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Speckman, S., Piatt, J.F., and Springer, A.M., 2003, Deciphering the social structure of Marbled Murrelets from behavioral observations at sea: Waterbirds, v. 26, no. 3, p. 266-274, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0266:DTSSOM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"274","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe04e4b0c8380cd4ea8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Springer, Alan M. ams@ims.uaf.edu","contributorId":172461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"Alan","email":"ams@ims.uaf.edu","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182827,"text":"70182827 - 2003 - Metamorphism within the Chugach accretionary complex on southern Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T16:47:17.279694","indexId":"70182827","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metamorphism within the Chugach accretionary complex on southern Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>On Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska, we identify four metamorphic events that affect rocks associated with the Chugach accretionary complex. This study focuses on the M1 and M4 metamorphic events. Mesozoic schists, gneisses, and migmatitic gneisses exposed near the Kasnyku pluton on central Baranof Island represent the M1 metamorphic rocks. These rocks underwent amphibolite facies metamorphism. Calculated temperatures and pressures range from about 620 to 780 ºC and 5.5 to 6.6 kbar and are compatible with the observed metamorphic mineral assemblages.</p><p>The M4 metamorphism affected rocks of the Sitka Graywacke on southern Baranof Island, producing extensive biotite and garnet zones as well as andalusite and sillimanite zones at the contacts of the Crawfish Inlet and Redfish Bay plutons. Calculated M4 temperatures and pressures from the andalusite and sillimanite zones range from 575 to 755 ºC and 3.4 to 6.9 kbar. These results fall within the sillimanite stability field, at pressures higher than andalusite stability. These results may indicate the M4 metamorphic event occurred along a P-T path along which the equilibration of aluminosilicate-garnet-plagioclase-quartz did not occur or was not maintained. This interpretation is supported by the occurrence of andalusite and sillimanite within the same sample. We propose the data reflect a clockwise P-T path with peak M4 metamorphism of the sillimanite-bearing samples adjacent to the intrusions at an approximate depth of 15 to 20 km, followed by rapid uplift without reequilibration of garnet-plagioclase-aluminosilicate-quartz.</p><p>The large extent of the biotite zone, and possibly the garnet zone, suggests that an additional heat source must have existed to regionally metamorphose these rocks during the M4 event. We suggest the M4 regional thermal metamorphism and intrusion of the Crawfish Inlet and Redfish Bay plutons were synchronous and the result of heat flux from a slab window beneath the accretionary complex at that time. If our conclusions regarding the effect of the slab window are correct, the style of metamorphism is different from the Chugach metamorphic complex, which is clearly linked to a slab window. Therefore, our findings would suggest that there is no distinct metamorphic signature for slab window effects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.253","usgsCitation":"Zumsteg, C.L., Himmelberg, G.R., Karl, S.M., and Haeussler, P.J., 2003, Metamorphism within the Chugach accretionary complex on southern Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 371, p. 253-267, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.253.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Baranof Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -137.10274018307013,\n              58.155322960395466\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.10274018307013,\n              56.057413217051334\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.057328670576,\n              56.057413217051334\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.057328670576,\n              58.155322960395466\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.10274018307013,\n              58.155322960395466\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zumsteg, Cathy L.","contributorId":141226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zumsteg","given":"Cathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13719,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, Glen R.","contributorId":57921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182826,"text":"70182826 - 2003 - Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T15:37:38.263204","indexId":"70182826","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>A mid-Paleocene to early Eocene encounter between an oceanic spreading center and a subduction zone produced a wide range of geologic features in Alaska. The most striking effects are seen in the accretionary prism (Chugach–Prince William terrane), where 61 to 50 Ma near-trench granitic to gabbroic plutons were intruded into accreted trench sediments that had been deposited only a few million years earlier. This short time interval also saw the genesis of ophiolites, some of which contain syngenetic massive sulfide deposits; the rapid burial of these ophiolites beneath trench turbidites, followed immediately by obduction; anomalous high-T, low-P, near-trench metamorphism; intense ductile deformation; motion on transverse strike-slip and normal faults; gold mineralization; and uplift of the accretionary prism above sea level. The magmatic arc experienced a brief flare-up followed by quiescence. In the Alaskan interior, 100 to 600 km landward of the paleotrench, several Paleocene to Eocene sedimentary basins underwent episodes of extensional subsidence, accompanied by bimodal volcanism. Even as far as 1000 km inboard of the paleotrench, the ancestral Brooks Range and its foreland basin experienced a pulse of uplift that followed about 40 million years of quiescence.</p><p>All of these events - but most especially those in the accretionary prism - can be attributed with varying degrees of confidence to the subduction of an oceanic spreading center. In this model, the ophiolites and allied ore deposits were produced at the soon-to-be subducted ridge. Near-trench magmatism, metamorphism, deformation, and gold mineralization took place in the accretionary prism above a slab window, where hot asthenosphere welled up into the gap between the two subducted, but still diverging, plates. Deformation took place as the critically tapered accretionary prism adjusted its shape to changes in the bathymetry of the incoming plate, changes in the convergence direction before and after ridge subduction, and changes in the strength of the prism as it was heated and then cooled. In this model, events in the Alaskan interior would have taken place above more distal, deeper parts of the slab window. Extensional (or transtensional) basin subsidence was driven by the two subducting plates that each exerted different tractions on the upper plate. The magmatic lull along the arc presumably marks a time when hydrated lithosphere was not being subducted beneath the arc axis. The absence of a subducting slab also may explain uplift of the Brooks Range and North Slope: Geodynamic models predict that longwavelength uplift of this magnitude will take place far inboard from Andean-type margins when a subducting slab is absent. Precise correlations between events in the accretionary prism and the Alaskan interior are hampered, however, by palinspastic problems. During and since the early Tertiary, margin-parallel strike-slip faulting has offset the near-trench plutonic belt - i.e., the very basis for locating the triple junction and slab window&nbsp;- from its backstop, by an amount that remains controversial.</p><p>Near-trench magmatism began at 61 Ma at Sanak Island in the west but not until 51 Ma at Baranof Island, 2200 km to the east. A west-to-east age progression suggests migration of a trench-ridge-trench triple junction, which we term the Sanak-Baranof triple junction. Most workers have held that the subducted ridge separated the Kula and Farallon plates. As a possible alternative, we suggest that the ridge may have separated the Kula plate from another oceanic plate to the east, which we have termed the Resurrection plate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.19","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., Kusky, T.M., Haeussler, P.J., Goldfarb, R.J., Miller, M.L., Dumoulin, J.A., Nelson, S.W., and Karl, S.M., 2003, Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 371, p. 19-49, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.19.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -163,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -163,\n              53\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kusky, Timothy M.","contributorId":11664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nelson, Steven W.","contributorId":74024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70182820,"text":"70182820 - 2003 - Controls on intrusion of near-trench magmas of the Sanak-Baranof Belt, Alaska, during Paleogene ridge subduction, and consequences for forearc evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T15:11:37","indexId":"70182820","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on intrusion of near-trench magmas of the Sanak-Baranof Belt, Alaska, during Paleogene ridge subduction, and consequences for forearc evolution","docAbstract":"<p>A belt of Paleogene near-trench plutons known as the Sanak-Baranof belt intruded the southern Alaska convergent margin. A compilation of isotopic ages of these plutons shows that they range in age from 61 Ma in the west to ca. 50 Ma in the east. This migrating pulse of magmatism along the continental margin is consistent with North Pacific plate reconstructions that suggests the plutons were generated by migration of a trench-ridge-trench triple junction along the margin. On the Kenai Peninsula the regional lower greenschist metamorphic grade of the turbiditic host rocks, texture of the plutons, contact-metamorphic assemblage, and isotopic and fluid inclusion studies suggest that the plutons were emplaced at pressures of 1.5–3.0 kbars (5.2–10.5 km) into a part of the accretionary wedge with an ambient temperature of 210–300 °C. The presence of kyanite, garnet, and cordierite megacrysts in the plutons indicates that the melts were generated at a depth greater than 20 km and minimum temperature of 650 °C. These megacrysts are probably xenocrystic remnants of a restitic or contact metamorphic phase entrained by the melt during intrusion. However, it is also possible that they are primary magmatic phases crystallized from the peraluminous melt.</p><p>Plutons of the Sanak-Baranof belt serve as time and strain markers separating kinematic regimes that predate and postdate ridge subduction. Pre-ridge subduction structures are interpreted to be related to the interaction between the leading oceanic plate and the Chugach terrane. These include regional thrust faults, NE-striking map-scale folds with associated axial planar foliation, type-1 mélanges, and an arrayof faults within the contact aureole indicating shortening largely accommodated by layer-parallel extension. Syn-ridge subduction features include the plutons, dikes, and ductile shear zones within contact aureoles with syn-kinematic metamorphic mineral growth and foliation development. Many of the studied plutons have sheeted margins and appear to have intruded along extensional jogs in margin-parallel strike-slip faults, whereas others form significant angles with the main faults and may have been influenced by minor faults of other orientations. Some of the plutons of the Sanak-Baranof belt have their long axes oriented parallel to faults of an orthorhombic fault set, implying that these faults may have provided a conduit for magma emplacement. This orthorhombic set of late faults is interpreted to have initially formed during the ridge subduction event, and continued to be active for a short time after passage of the triple junction. ENE-striking dextral faults of this orthorhombic fault system exhibit mutually crosscutting relationships with Eocene dikes related to ridge subduction, and mineralized strike-slip and normal faults of this system have yielded 40Ar/39Ar ages identical to near-trench intrusives related to ridge subduction. Movement on the orthorhombic fault system accommodated exhumation of deeper levels of the southern Alaska accretionary wedge, which is interpreted as a critical taper adjustment to subduction of younger oceanic lithosphere during ridge subduction. These faults therefore accommodate both deformation of the wedge and assisted emplacement of near-trench plutons. Structures that crosscut the plutons and aureoles include the orthorhombic fault set and dextral strike-slip faults, reflecting a new kinematic regime established after ridge subduction, during underthrusting of the trailing oceanic plate with new dextral-oblique convergence vectors with the overriding plate. The observation that the orthorhombic fault set both cuts and is cut by Eocene intrusives demonstrates the importance of these faults for magma emplacement in the forearc.</p><p>A younger, ca. 35 Ma suite of plutons intrudes the Chugach terrane in the Prince William Sound region, and their intrusion geometry was strongly influenced by pre-existing faults developed during ridge subduction. The generation of these plutons may be related to the sudden northward migration of the triple junction at ca. 40–33 Ma, as the ridge was being subducted nearly parallel to the trench during this interval. These younger plutons are used to provide additional constraints on the structural evolution of the wedge. Late- to post-ridge subduction fabrics include a pressure solution cleavage and additional movement on the orthorhombic fault system. After triple junction migration, subduction of the trailing oceanic plate involved a significant component of dextral transpression and northward translation of the Chugach terrane. This change in kinematics is recorded by very late gouge-filled dextral faults in the late structures of the accretionary prism.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.269","usgsCitation":"Kusky, T.M., Bradley, D., Donely, D.T., Rowley, D., and Haeussler, P.J., 2003, Controls on intrusion of near-trench magmas of the Sanak-Baranof Belt, Alaska, during Paleogene ridge subduction, and consequences for forearc evolution: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 371, p. 269-292, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.269.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"292","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -163,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -163,\n              53\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kusky, Timothy M.","contributorId":11664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donely, D. Thomas","contributorId":184255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rowley, David","contributorId":173099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowley","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12621,"text":"University of Chicago and University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182216,"text":"70182216 - 2003 - Using the bootstrap and fast Fourier transform to estimate confidence intervals of 2D kernel densities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:18:01","indexId":"70182216","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the bootstrap and fast Fourier transform to estimate confidence intervals of 2D kernel densities","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1026092103819","usgsCitation":"Kern, J.W., McDonald, T.L., Amstrup, S.C., Durner, G.M., and Erickson, W.P., 2003, Using the bootstrap and fast Fourier transform to estimate confidence intervals of 2D kernel densities: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 10, no. 4, p. 405-418, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026092103819.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"418","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc3e4b01ccd54f8b529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kern, John W.","contributorId":55552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kern","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Trent L.","contributorId":92193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":670018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":670019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erickson, Wallace P.","contributorId":78627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025165,"text":"70025165 - 2003 - The 1997 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska: A synthesis of remotely sensed imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:20:33","indexId":"70025165","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1997 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska: A synthesis of remotely sensed imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Okmok Volcano, in the eastern Aleutian Islands, erupted in February and March of 1997 producing a 6-km-long lava flow and low-level ash plumes. This caldera is one of the most active in the Aleutian Arc, and is now the focus of international multidisciplinary studies. A synthesis of remotely sensed data (AirSAR, derived DEMs, Landsat MSS and ETM+ data, AVHRR, ERS, JERS, Radarsat) has given a sequence of events for the virtually unobserved 1997 eruption. Elevation data from the AirSAR sensor acquired in October 2000 over Okmok were used to create a 5-m resolution DEM mosaic of Okmok Volcano. AVHRR nighttime imagery has been analyzed between February 13 and April 11, 1997. Landsat imagery and SAR data recorded prior to and after the eruption allowed us to accurately determine the extent of the new flow. The flow was first observed on February 13 without precursory thermal anomalies. At this time, the flow was a large single lobe flowing north. According to AVHRR Band 3 and 4 radiance data and ground observations, the first lobe continued growing until mid to late March, while a second, smaller lobe began to form sometime between March 11 and 12. This is based on a jump in the thermal and volumetric flux determined from the imagery, and the physical size of the thermal anomalies. Total radiance values waned after March 26, indicating lava effusion had ended and a cooling crust was growing. The total area (8.9 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>), thickness (up to 50 m) and volume (1.54×10</span><sup>8</sup><span> m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) of the new lava flow were determined by combining observations from SAR, Landsat ETM+, and AirSAR DEM data. While the first lobe of the flow ponded in a pre-eruption depression, our data suggest the second lobe was volume-limited. Remote sensing has become an integral part of the Alaska Volcano Observatory’s monitoring and hazard mitigation efforts. Studies like this allow access to remote volcanoes, and provide methods to monitor potentially dangerous ones.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00180-X","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M., Dehn, J., Papp, K., Lu, Z., Dean, K., Moxey, L., Izbekov, P., and Guritz, R., 2003, The 1997 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska: A synthesis of remotely sensed imagery: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 127, no. 1-2, p. 87-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00180-X.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478528,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.725.4123","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00180-X"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba63de4b08c986b320fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, M.R.","contributorId":96059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dehn, J.","contributorId":36731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dehn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papp, K.R.","contributorId":107907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dean, K.","contributorId":42767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dean","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13097,"text":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moxey, L.","contributorId":104263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxey","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Izbekov, P.","contributorId":46748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbekov","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Guritz, R.","contributorId":56428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guritz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70185514,"text":"70185514 - 2003 - Seabird, fisheries, marine mammal, and oceanographic investigations around Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak Islands, August 1996 (SMMOCI 96-3)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:23:36","indexId":"70185514","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5330,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"AMNWR 03/06","title":"Seabird, fisheries, marine mammal, and oceanographic investigations around Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak Islands, August 1996 (SMMOCI 96-3)","docAbstract":"<p>Although islands in the Aleutians are known to support some of the highest densities of seabirds in the world, their remoteness has limited systematic research on the at-sea distribution of seabirds near these colonies.<span>&nbsp; </span>Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak islands, in the central Aleutian Islands, together comprise one of nine ecological sites monitored once every 5 years on an annual rotation since 1996 by the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR).<span>&nbsp; </span>To supplement annual colony monitoring and examine seabird distribution away from colony sites, the AMNWR personnel in conjunction with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) researchers, conducted a pelagic survey of the waters around these 3 islands in 1996.</p><p>Previous research in this area has focused on the seabird colony sites located on Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak islands.<span>&nbsp; </span>Although boat-based circumnavigations have been used to evaluate colony populations (Early et al. 1981; Bailey and Trapp 1986; Byrd and Williams 1994; Byrd 1995a, 1995b), wide ranging pelagic surveys to examine foraging patterns had not previously been conducted near the islands.<span>&nbsp; </span>The goal of this survey was to examine foraging patterns of the seabirds nesting in the study area and identify factors that may explain seabird distribution patterns.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Homer, AK","usgsCitation":"Drew, G.S., Piatt, J.F., Byrd, G.V., and Dragoo, D.E., 2003, Seabird, fisheries, marine mammal, and oceanographic investigations around Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak Islands, August 1996 (SMMOCI 96-3): U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report AMNWR 03/06, 37 p.","productDescription":"37 p.","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Andreanof Island group, Aleutian Islands, Kasatochi island, Koniuji island, Ulak island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -175.968017578125,\n              52.18403686498285\n            ],\n            [\n              -176.077880859375,\n              52.12337138625387\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.9185791015625,\n              52.005173970555695\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.72082519531247,\n              52.00179230422271\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.4791259765625,\n              52.02207846999333\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.27587890625,\n              52.06262321411284\n            ],\n            [\n              -174.92431640625,\n              52.14360239845529\n            ],\n            [\n              -174.935302734375,\n              52.335339071889386\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.1275634765625,\n              52.342051636387865\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.968017578125,\n              52.18403686498285\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df04e4b05ec79911d1b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrd, G. Vernon","contributorId":88416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vernon","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dragoo, Donald E.","contributorId":36782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dragoo","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025157,"text":"70025157 - 2003 - Two distinct phylogenetic clades of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus overlap within the Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T15:12:09","indexId":"70025157","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two distinct phylogenetic clades of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus overlap within the Columbia River basin","docAbstract":"<p>Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), an aquatic rhabdovirus, causes a highly lethal disease of salmonid fish in North America. To evaluate the genetic diversity of IHNV from throughout the Columbia River basin, excluding the Hagerman Valley, Idaho, the sequences of a 303 nt region of the glycoprotein gene (mid-G) of 120 virus isolates were determined. Sequence comparisons revealed 30 different sequence types, with a maximum nucleotide diversity of 7.3% (22 mismatches) and an intrapopulational nucleotide diversity of 0.018. This indicates that the genetic diversity of IHNV within the Columbia River basin is 3-fold higher than in Alaska, but 2-fold lower than in the Hagerman Valley, Idaho. Phylogenetic analyses separated the Columbia River basin IHNV isolates into 2 major clades, designated U and M. The 2 clades geographically overlapped within the lower Columbia River basin and in the lower Snake River and tributaries, while the upper Columbia River basin had only U clade and the upper Snake River basin had only M clade virus types. These results suggest that there are co-circulating lineages of IHNV present within specific areas of the Columbia River basin. The epidemiological significance of these findings provided insight into viral traffic patterns exhibited by IHNV in the Columbia River basin, with specific relevance to how the Columbia River basin IHNV types were related to those in the Hagerman Valley. These analyses indicate that there have likely been 2 historical events in which Hagerman Valley IHNV types were introduced and became established in the lower Columbia River basin. However, the data also clearly indicates that the Hagerman Valley is not a continuous source of waterborne virus infecting salmonid stocks downstream.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao055187","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Garver, K., Troyer, R., and Kurath, G., 2003, Two distinct phylogenetic clades of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus overlap within the Columbia River basin: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 55, no. 3, p. 187-203, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao055187.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao055187","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265891,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v55/n3/p187-203/"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb94ee4b08c986b327bbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garver, K.A.","contributorId":42766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troyer, R.M.","contributorId":63592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troyer","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179619,"text":"70179619 - 2003 - Does the Animal Welfare Act apply to free-ranging animals?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-06T10:49:32","indexId":"70179619","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5255,"text":"ILAR Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does the Animal Welfare Act apply to free-ranging animals?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite the long-standing role that institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs) have played in reviewing and approving studies at academic institutions, compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is not always complete for government natural resource agencies that use free-ranging animals in research and management studies. Even at universities, IACUCs face uncertainties about what activities are covered and about how to judge proposed research on free-ranging animals. One reason for much of the confusion is the AWA vaguely worded exemption for \"field studies.\" In particular, fish are problematic because of the AWA exclusion of poikilothermic animals. However, most university IACUCs review studies on all animals, and the Interagency Research Animal Committee (IRAC) has published the \"IRAC Principles,\" which extend coverage to all vertebrates used by federal researchers. Despite this extended coverage, many scientists working on wild animals continue to view compliance with the AWA with little enthusiasm. IACUCs, IACUC veterinarians, wildlife veterinarians, and fish and wildlife biologists must learn to work together to comply with the law and to protect the privilege of using free-ranging animals in research.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/ilar.44.4.252","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D.M., 2003, Does the Animal Welfare Act apply to free-ranging animals?: ILAR Journal, v. 44, no. 4, p. 252-258, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.44.4.252.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.44.4.252","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58773eb9e4b0315b4c11ff13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026202,"text":"70026202 - 2003 - New and unique U.S. magnetic database is forthcoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T19:08:10.887837","indexId":"70026202","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2610,"text":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New and unique U.S. magnetic database is forthcoming","docAbstract":"<p>A<span>n exciting and cost-effective opportunity to acquire a new U.S. magnetic anomaly database exists in calendar year 2004. High Altitude Mapping Missions Incorporated (HAMM) is currently planning an airborne mission to collect high-resolution Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) imagery at an altitude of about 15 km, with a flight-line spacing of about 14 km over the conterminous United States and Alaska. Total and vector magnetic field data will also be collected as a secondary mission objective (i.e., a “piggy-back” magnetometer system). Because HAMM would fund the main flight costs of the mission, the geomagnetic community would acquire invaluable magnetic data at a nominal cost. These unique data should provide new insights on fundamental tectonic and thermal processes and give a new view of the structural and lithologic framework of continental areas and offshore regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SEG Library","doi":"10.1190/1.1885534","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Hinze, W., Randy, K.G., Labson, V., and Roest, W., 2003, New and unique U.S. magnetic database is forthcoming: Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), v. 22, no. 1, p. 50-51, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885534.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6557e4b0c8380cd72b7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.","contributorId":10207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinze, W.","contributorId":82510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinze","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randy, Keller G.","contributorId":39990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randy","given":"Keller","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Labson, V.","contributorId":56013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roest, W.","contributorId":17382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roest","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182597,"text":"70182597 - 2003 - Large woody debris and flow resistance in step-pool channels, Cascade Range, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:51:52","indexId":"70182597","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large woody debris and flow resistance in step-pool channels, Cascade Range, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Total flow resistance, measured as Darcy-Weisbach </span><i>f</i><span>, in 20 step-pool channels with large woody debris (LWD) in Washington, ranged from 5 to 380 during summer low flows. Step risers in the study streams consist of either (1) large and relatively immobile woody debris, bedrock, or roots that form fixed, or “forced,” steps, or (2) smaller and relatively mobile wood or clasts, or a mixture of both, arranged across the channel by the stream. Flow resistance in step-pool channels may be partitioned into grain, form, and spill resistance. Grain resistance is calculated as a function of particle size, and form resistance is calculated as large woody debris drag. Combined, grain and form resistance account for less than 10% of the total flow resistance. We initially assumed that the substantial remaining portion is spill resistance attributable to steps. However, measured step characteristics could not explain between-reach variations in flow resistance. This suggests that other factors may be significant; the coefficient of variation of the hydraulic radius explained 43% of the variation in friction factors between streams, for example. Large woody debris generates form resistance on step treads and spill resistance at step risers. Because the form resistance of step-pool channels is relatively minor compared to spill resistance and because wood in steps accentuates spill resistance by increasing step height, we suggest that wood in step risers influences channel hydraulics more than wood elsewhere in the channel. Hence, the distribution and function, not just abundance, of large woody debris is critical in steep, step-pool channels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00333-1","usgsCitation":"Curran, J.H., and Wohl, E.E., 2003, Large woody debris and flow resistance in step-pool channels, Cascade Range, Washington: Geomorphology, v. 51, no. 1-3, p. 141-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00333-1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"157","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","volume":"51","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15441e4b01ccd54fc5ec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curran, Janet H. 0000-0002-3899-6275 jcurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-6275","contributorId":690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Janet","email":"jcurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wohl, Ellen E.","contributorId":16969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohl","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025055,"text":"70025055 - 2003 - High precision earthquake locations reveal seismogenic structure beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:51:53","indexId":"70025055","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High precision earthquake locations reveal seismogenic structure beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1989, an unusual earthquake swarm occurred beneath Mammoth Mountain that was probably associated with magmatic intrusion. To improve our understanding of this swarm, we relocated Mammoth Mountain earthquakes using a double difference algorithm. Relocated hypocenters reveal that most earthquakes occurred on two structures, a near-vertical plane at 7–9 km depth that has been interpreted as an intruding dike, and a circular ring-like structure at ∼5.5 km depth, above the northern end of the inferred dike. Earthquakes on this newly discovered ring structure form a conical section that dips outward away from the aseismic interior. Fault-plane solutions indicate that in 1989 the seismicity ring was slipping as a ring-normal fault as the center of the mountain rose with respect to the surrounding crust. Seismicity migrated around the ring, away from the underlying dike at a rate of ∼0.4 km/month, suggesting that fluid movement triggered seismicity on the ring fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018334","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S.G., Stork, A., Ellsworth, W.L., Hill, D., and Julian, B.R., 2003, High precision earthquake locations reveal seismogenic structure beneath Mammoth Mountain, California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 24, 4 p.; 2247, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018334.","productDescription":"4 p.; 2247","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018334","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera, Mammoth Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.15359497070312,\n              37.40725549559874\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.54385375976564,\n              37.40725549559874\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.54385375976564,\n              37.83907230547641\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.15359497070312,\n              37.83907230547641\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.15359497070312,\n              37.40725549559874\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30c3e4b0c8380cd5d919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stork, Anna","contributorId":100171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stork","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, David","contributorId":10500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Julian, Bruce R.","contributorId":50063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182750,"text":"70182750 - 2003 - Surgical implantation of transmitters into fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T15:19:16","indexId":"70182750","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5255,"text":"ILAR Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surgical implantation of transmitters into fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although the Animal Welfare Act does not cover poikilotherms, individual institutions and policies and legal requirements other than the Animal Welfare Act (e.g., the US Public Health Service and the Interagency Research Animal Committee's Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training) require the review of projects involving fish by institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs). IACUCs may, however, lack the knowledge and experience to evaluate fish projects judiciously, especially when the projects are in field settings. Surgeries involving implantation of transmitters and other instruments into the coelom, which now comprise a very common research tool in the study of free-ranging fishes, are examples of surgeries that use a broad spectrum of surgical and anesthetic techniques, some of which would not be considered acceptable for similar work on mammals. IACUCs should apply the standards they would expect to be used for surgeries on homeotherms to surgeries on fish. Surgeons should be carefully trained and experienced. Surgical instruments and transmitters should be sterile. Regulations and laws on the use of drugs in animals should be followed, particularly those concerned with anesthetics and antibiotics used on free-ranging fish. Exceptions to surgical procedures should be made only when circumstances are extreme enough to warrant the use of less than optimal procedures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ilar.44.4.295","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D.M., 2003, Surgical implantation of transmitters into fish: ILAR Journal, v. 44, no. 4, p. 295-306, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.44.4.295.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"306","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c5e4b01ccd54fddfe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026498,"text":"70026498 - 2003 - Coalbed methane, Cook Inlet, south-central Alaska: A potential giant gas resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T17:55:35.442338","indexId":"70026498","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coalbed methane, Cook Inlet, south-central Alaska: A potential giant gas resource","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cook Inlet Basin of south-central Alaska is a forearc basin containing voluminous Tertiary coal deposits with sufficient methane content to suggest a major coalbed gas resource. Coals ranging in thickness from 2 to 50 ft (0.6 to 15 m) and in gas content from 50 to 250 scf/ton (1.6 to 7.8 cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>/g) occur in Miocene-Oligocene fluvial deposits of the Kenai Group. These coals have been identified as the probable source of more than 8 tcf gas that has been produced from conventional sandstone reservoirs in the basin. Cook Inlet coals can be divided into two main groups: (1) those of bituminous rank in the Tyonek Formation that contain mainly thermogenic methane and are confined to the northeastern part of the basin (Matanuska Valley) and to deep levels elsewhere; and (2) subbituminous coals at shallow depths (&lt;5000 ft [1524 m]) in the Tyonek and overlying Beluga formations, which contain mainly biogenic methane and cover most of the central and southern basin. Based on core and corrected cuttings-desorption analyses, gas contents average 230 scf/ton (7.2 cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>/g) for bituminous coals and 80 scf/ton (2.5 cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>/g) for subbituminous coals. Isotherms constructed for samples of both coal ranks suggest that bituminous coals are saturated with respect to methane, whereas subbituminous coals at shallow depths along the eroded west-central basin margin are locally unsaturated. A preliminary estimate of 140 tcf gas in place is derived for the basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/072602870001","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, S.L., and Barker, C., 2003, Coalbed methane, Cook Inlet, south-central Alaska: A potential giant gas resource: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 87, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1306/072602870001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/01jan/0001/0001.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.46728515625,\n              58.66551303038583\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.744140625,\n              58.66551303038583\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.744140625,\n              62.50217455994255\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.46728515625,\n              62.50217455994255\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.46728515625,\n              58.66551303038583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f76fe4b0c8380cd4caff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, Scott L.","contributorId":43513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176673,"text":"70176673 - 2003 - Sea otter population declines in the Aleutian Archipelago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:47:21","indexId":"70176673","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea otter population declines in the Aleutian Archipelago","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sea otter (</span><i>Enhydra lutris</i><span>) populations were exploited to near extinction and began to recover after the cessation of commercial hunting in 1911. Remnant colonies of sea otters in the Aleutian archipelago were among the first to recover; they continued to increase through the 1980s but declined abruptly during the 1990s. We conducted an aerial survey of the Aleutian archipelago in 2000 and compared results with similar surveys conducted in 1965 and 1992. The number of sea otters counted decreased by 75% between 1965 and 2000; 88% for islands at equilibrial density in 1965. The population decline likely began in the mid-1980s and declined at a rate of 17.5%/year in the 1990s. The minimal population estimate was 8,742 sea otters in 2000. The population declined to a uniformly low density in the archipelago, suggesting a common and geographically widespread cause. These data are in general agreement with the hypothesis of increased predation on sea otters. These data chronicle one of the most widespread and precipitous population declines for a mammalian carnivore in recorded history.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0055:SOPDIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Doroff, A.M., Estes, J.A., Tinker, M.T., Burn, D., and Evans, T., 2003, Sea otter population declines in the Aleutian Archipelago: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 1, p. 55-64, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0055:SOPDIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0055:sopdit>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -188.173828125,\n              50.90303283111257\n            ],\n            [\n              -188.173828125,\n              55.07836723201515\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.740234375,\n              55.07836723201515\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.740234375,\n              50.90303283111257\n            ],\n            [\n              -188.173828125,\n              50.90303283111257\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe9614e4b0824b2d14d552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doroff, Angela M.","contributorId":140660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doroff","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burn, Douglas M.","contributorId":65022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burn","given":"Douglas M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, Thomas J.","contributorId":174904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":13235,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024700,"text":"70024700 - 2003 - Observations of a live Glaucous-winged Gull chick in an active Bald Eagle nest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-29T16:10:03.605121","indexId":"70024700","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of a live Glaucous-winged Gull chick in an active Bald Eagle nest","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report an apparent nonlethal predation attempt on and subsequent adoption of a Glaucous-winged Gull (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Larus glaucescens</span><span>) chick by a pair of Bald Eagles (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Haliaeetus leucocephalus</span><span>) in the Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a live Glaucous-winged Gull chick in a Bald Eagle nest. We describe our observations of this occurrence and offer explanations on how it may have occurred.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1676/03-046","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R., and Faris, J., 2003, Observations of a live Glaucous-winged Gull chick in an active Bald Eagle nest: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 115, no. 4, p. 481-483, https://doi.org/10.1676/03-046.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"483","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/210452","text":"External Repository"},{"id":388625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a82e4b0c8380cd741df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faris, J.T.","contributorId":62375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faris","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85893,"text":"85893 - 2003 - Patterns and processes of population change in selected nearshore vertebrate predators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T11:59:52","indexId":"85893","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Patterns and processes of population change in selected nearshore vertebrate predators","docAbstract":"Sea otters and harlequin ducks have not fully recovered from the oil spill. This project will explore links between oil exposure and the lack of population recovery, with the intent of understanding constraints to recovery of these species and the nearshore environment. In FY 02, sea otter work will include aerial surveys of distribution and abundance and estimates of age-specific survival rates. Harlequin duck field studies will examine the relationship between survival and CYP1A. Captive experiments on harlequin ducks will examine the relationships between oil exposure and CYP1A induction, and metabolic and behavioral consequences of exposure.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"EVOS Restoration Project 423 Final Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","collaboration":"EVOS Restoration Project 423 Final Report","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Ballachey, B.E., Dean, T., and Esler, D., 2003, Patterns and processes of population change in selected nearshore vertebrate predators.","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, T.A.","contributorId":67036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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