Interactions between hydrothermal fluids and rock alter mineralogy, leading to the formation of secondary minerals and potentially significant physical and chemical property changes. Reactive transport simulations are essential for evaluating the coupled processes controlling the geochemical, thermal and hydrological evolution of geothermal systems. The objective of this preliminary investigation is to successfully replicate observations from a series of hydrothermal laboratory experiments [Morrow et al., 2001] using the code TOUGHREACT. The laboratory experiments carried out by Morrow et al. [2001] measure permeability reduction in fractured and intact Westerly granite due to high-temperature fluid flow through core samples. Initial permeability and temperature values used in our simulations reflect these experimental conditions and range from 6.13 × 10−20 to 1.5 × 10−17 m2 and 150 to 300 °C, respectively. The primary mineralogy of the model rock is plagioclase (40 vol.%), K-feldspar (20 vol.%), quartz (30 vol.%), and biotite (10 vol.%). The simulations are constrained by the requirement that permeability, relative mineral abundances, and fluid chemistry agree with experimental observations. In the models, the granite core samples are represented as one-dimensional reaction domains. We find that the mineral abundances, solute concentrations, and permeability evolutions predicted by the models are consistent with those observed in the experiments carried out by Morrow et al. [2001] only if the mineral reactive surface areas decrease with increasing clay mineral abundance. This modeling approach suggests the importance of explicitly incorporating changing mineral surface areas into reactive transport models.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, thirty-sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"Thirty-Sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"January 31-February 2, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, California","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford Geothermal Program","publisherLocation":"Stanford, California","usgsCitation":"Palguta, J., Williams, C.F., Ingebritsen, S.E., Hickman, S.H., and Sonnenthal, E., 2011, An approach to modeling coupled thermal-hydraulic-chemical processes in geothermal systems, in Proceedings, thirty-sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, California, January 31-February 2, 2011, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027365","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/IGAstandard/search_results.php?showmax=99&CONFERENCE=Stanford%20Geothermal%20Workshop&SortField=Last1&SortOrder=Ascend&Find=Start%20Search&Year=2011"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa2fe4b0518e3546bc14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palguta, Jennifer","contributorId":146806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palguta","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sonnenthal, Eric","contributorId":146807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonnenthal","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":99012,"text":"sir20105239 - 2011 - Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":99012,"text":"sir20105239 - 2011 - Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas","indexId":"sir20105239","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70041359,"text":"sir20125246 - 2012 - Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10","indexId":"sir20125246","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70041359,"text":"sir20125246 - 2012 - Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10","indexId":"sir20125246","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-23T15:31:26","indexId":"sir20105239","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5239","title":"Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas","docAbstract":"Lake Maumelle is one of two principal drinking-water supplies for the Little Rock and North Little Rock metropolitan areas. Lake Maumelle and the Maumelle River (its primary tributary) are more pristine than most other reservoirs and streams in the region. However, as the Lake Maumelle watershed becomes increasingly more urbanized and timber harvesting becomes more frequent, concerns about the sustainability of the quality of the water supply also have increased. Two models were developed to partially address these concerns. A Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model was developed using input data collected from October 2004 through 2008. A CE-QUAL-W2 model was developed to simulate reservoir hydrodynamics and selected water quality using the simulated output from the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model from January 2005 through 2008.\n\nThe Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN watershed model was calibrated to five streamflow-gaging stations, and in general, these stations characterize a range of subwatershed areas with varying land-use types. Continuous streamflow data, discrete sediment concentration data, and other discrete water-quality data were used to calibrate the Lake Maumelle Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model. The CE-QUAL-W2 reservoir model was calibrated to water-quality data and reservoir pool altitude collected during January 2005 through December 2008 at three lake stations.\n\nIn general, the overall simulation for the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN and CE-UAL-W2 models matched reasonably well to the measured data. In general, simulated and measured suspended-sediment concentrations during periods of base flow (streamflows not substantially influenced by runoff) agree reasonably well for Williams Junction (with differences-simulated minus measured value-generally ranging from -14 to 19 mg/L, and percent difference-relative to the measured value-ranging from -87 to 642 percent) and Wye (differences generally ranging from -2 to 14 mg/L, -62 to 251 percent); however, the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model generally does not match the suspended-sediment concentrations for all stations during periods of stormflow (streamflow substantially influenced by runoff). Generally, this is also the case for fecal coliform bacteria numbers and total organic carbon and nutrient concentrations. In general, water temperature and dissolved-oxygen concentration simulations followed measured seasonal trends for all stations with the largest differences occurring during periods of lowest water temperatures (for temperature) or during the periods of lowest measured dissolved-oxygen concentrations (for dissolved oxygen).\n\nFor the CE-QUAL-W2 model, simulated vertical distributions of temperatures and dissolved-oxygen concentrations agreed with measured distributions even for complex temperature profiles. Considering the oligotrophic-mesotrophic (low to intermediate primary productivity and associated low nutrient concentrations) condition of Lake Maumelle, simulated algae, phosphorus, and ammonia concentrations compared well with generally low measured values.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105239","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Central Arkansas Water","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.M., Westerman, D.A., Petersen, J., Green, W.R., and De Lanois, J.L., 2011, Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5239, ix, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105239.","productDescription":"ix, 103 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5239.bmp"},{"id":14449,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,34.666666666666664 ], [ -93,35.11666666666667 ], [ -92.16666666666667,35.11666666666667 ], [ -92.16666666666667,34.666666666666664 ], [ -93,34.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62479a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De Lanois, Jeanne L. jdelanoi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Lanois","given":"Jeanne","email":"jdelanoi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207958,"text":"70207958 - 2011 - Composition, stability, and measurement of reduced uranium phases for groundwater bioremediation at Old Rifle, CO","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T10:43:17","indexId":"70207958","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T10:34:01","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition, stability, and measurement of reduced uranium phases for groundwater bioremediation at Old Rifle, CO","docAbstract":"Reductive biostimulation is currently being explored as a possible remediation strategy for U-contaminated groundwater, and is being investigated at a field site in Rifle, CO, USA. The long-term stability of the resulting U(IV) phases is a key component of the overall performance of the remediation approach and depends upon a variety of factors, including rate and mechanism of reduction, mineral associations in the subsurface, and propensity for oxidation. To address these factors, several approaches were used to evaluate the redox sensitivity of U: (1) measurement of the rate of oxidative dissolution of biogenic uraninite (UO2(s)) deployed in groundwater at Rifle, (2) characterization of a zone of natural bioreduction exhibiting relevant reduced mineral phases, and (3) laboratory studies of the oxidative capacity of Fe(III) and reductive capacity of Fe(II) with regard to U(IV) and U(VI), respectively.
Wastewater treatment plants are often the most substantial contributor of trace organic compounds including pharmaceuticals, steroidal hormones, and surfactants to surface waters. Studying stream reaches below wastewater treatment plants provide valuable information on the environmental persistence of these compounds. Three methods for conducting field investigations to evaluate in-stream attenuation of trace organic compounds are presented: (1) using intrinsic tracers in wastewater, (2) environmental sampling coupled with dye studies to assess travel times between sample locations, and (3) Lagrangian sampling. Advantages and limitations of each method are discussed, along with key findings from several investigations.
This review summarises and evaluates the present knowledge on the behaviour, the biological effects and the routes of uptake of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to organisms, with considerations on the nanoparticle physicochemistry in the ecotoxicity testing systems used. Different types of Ag NP syntheses, characterisation techniques and predicted current and future concentrations in the environment are also outlined.
Rapid progress in this area has been made over the last few years, but there is still a critical lack of understanding of the need for characterisation and synthesis in environmental and ecotoxicological studies. Concentration and form of nanomaterials in the environment are difficult to quantify and methodological progress is needed, although sophisticated exposure models show that predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) for Ag NPs in different environmental compartments are at the range of ng L− 1 to mg kg− 1. The ecotoxicological literature shows that concentrations of Ag NPs below the current and future PECs, as low as just a few ng L− 1, can affect prokaryotes, invertebrates and fish indicating a significant potential, though poorly characterised, risk to the environment. Mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood although it seems clear that in some cases nanoscale specific properties may cause biouptake and toxicity over and above that caused by the dissolved Ag ion.
This review concludes with a set of recommendations for the advancement of understanding of the role of nanoscale silver in environmental and ecotoxicological research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.012","usgsCitation":"Fabrega, J., Luoma, S.N., Tyler, C.R., Galloway, T., and Lead, J.R., 2011, Silver nanoparticles: Behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment: Environment International, v. 37, no. 2, p. 517-531, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"531","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/08ab172fdda74272bc0d63b279b9f05b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":371410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrega, Julia","contributorId":221693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fabrega","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyler, Charles R.","contributorId":170025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galloway, Tamara","contributorId":221694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galloway","given":"Tamara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lead, Jamie R.","contributorId":41331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lead","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207955,"text":"70207955 - 2011 - Crude oil at the Bemidji Site: 25 years of monitoring, modeling, and understanding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T09:09:03","indexId":"70207955","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T09:07:18","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Crude oil at the Bemidji Site: 25 years of monitoring, modeling, and understanding","title":"Crude oil at the Bemidji Site: 25 years of monitoring, modeling, and understanding","docAbstract":"The fate of hydrocarbons in the subsurface near Bemidji, Minnesota, has been investigated by a multidisciplinary group of scientists for over a quarter century. Research at Bemidji has involved extensive investigations of multiphase flow and transport, volatilization, dissolution, geochemical interactions, microbial populations, and biodegradation with the goal of providing an improved understanding of the natural processes limiting the extent of hydrocarbon contamination. A considerable volume of oil remains in the subsurface today despite 30 years of natural attenuation and 5 years of pump‐and‐skim remediation. Studies at Bemidji were among the first to document the importance of anaerobic biodegradation processes for hydrocarbon removal and remediation by natural attenuation. Spatial variability of hydraulic properties was observed to influence subsurface oil and water flow, vapor diffusion, and the progression of biodegradation. Pore‐scale capillary pressure‐saturation hysteresis and the presence of fine‐grained sediments impeded oil flow, causing entrapment and relatively large residual oil saturations. Hydrocarbon attenuation and plume extent was a function of groundwater flow, compound‐specific volatilization, dissolution and biodegradation rates, and availability of electron acceptors. Simulation of hydrocarbon fate and transport affirmed concepts developed from field observations, and provided estimates of field‐scale reaction rates and hydrocarbon mass balance. Long‐term field studies at Bemidji have illustrated that the fate of hydrocarbons evolves with time, and a snap‐shot study of a hydrocarbon plume may not provide information that is of relevance to the long‐term behavior of the plume during natural attenuation.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es2007148","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Hsu-Kim, H., Ryan, J., and Alvarez, P., 2011, Guest comment: Nanoscale metal−organic matter interactions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 8, p. 3194-3195, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2007148.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3194","endPage":"3195","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":208828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsu-Kim, Heileen","contributorId":178880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsu-Kim","given":"Heileen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joe","contributorId":194254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alvarez, Pedro F.","contributorId":42517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Pedro F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207951,"text":"70207951 - 2011 - A tree-ring reconstruction of the salinity gradient in the northern estuary of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T08:32:43","indexId":"70207951","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T08:27:20","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tree-ring reconstruction of the salinity gradient in the northern estuary of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Increasing salinity loading in the Colorado River has become a major concern for agricultural and municipal water supplies. The Colorado Salinity Control Act was implemented in 1974 to protect and enhance the quality of water in the Colorado River Basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Salinity Control Forum, summarized salinity reductions in the McElmo Creek basin in southwest Colorado as a result of salinity-control modifications and flow-regime changes that result from the Dolores Project, which consists of the construction of McPhee reservoir on the Dolores River and salinity control modifications along the irrigation water delivery system.
Flow-adjusted salinity trends using S-LOADEST estimations for a streamgage on McElmo Creek (site 1), that represents outflow from the basin, indicates a decrease in salinity load by 39,800 tons from water year 1978 through water year 2006, which is an average decrease of 1,370 tons per year for the 29-year period. Annual-load calculations for a streamgage on Mud Creek (site 6), that represents outflow from a tributary basin, indicate a decrease of 7,300 tons from water year 1982 through water year 2006, which is an average decrease of 292 tons per year for the 25-year period. The streamgage Dolores River at Dolores, CO (site 17) was chosen to represent a background site that is not affected by the Dolores Project. Annual load calculations for site 17 estimated a decrease of about 8,600 tons from water year 1978 through water year 2006, which is an average decrease of 297 tons per year for the 29-year period. The trend in salinity load at site 17 was considered to be representative of a natural trend in the region.
Typically, salinity concentrations at outflow sites decreased from the pre-Dolores Project period (water years 1978—1984) to the post-Dolores Project period (water years 2000—2006). The median salinity concentration for site 1 (main basin outflow) decreased from 2,210 milligrams per liter per day in the preperiod to 2,110 milligrams per liter per day in the postperiod. The median salinity concentration for site 6 (tributary outflow) increased from 3,370 milligrams per liter per day in the preperiod to 3,710 milligrams per liter per day in the postperiod. Salinity concentrations typically increased at inflow sites from the preperiod to the postperiod. Salinity concentrations increased from 178 milligrams per liter per day during the preperiod at Main Canal #1 (site 16) to 227 milligrams per liter per day during the postperiod at the Dolores Tunnel Outlet near Dolores, CO (site 15).
Calculation of the historical flow regime in McElmo Creek was done using a water-budget analysis of the basin. During water years 2000—2006, an estimated 845,000 acre-feet of water was consumed by crops and did not return to the creek as streamflow. The remaining 76,000 acre-feet, or 10,900 acre-feet per year for the 7-year postperiod, was assumed to represent a historical flow condition. The historical flow of 10,900 acre-feet per year is equivalent to 15.1 cubic feet per second.
Average total dissolved solids concentrations for water in each type of sedimentary rock were used to estimate natural salinity loads. Most surface-water sites used to fit the criteria needed to achieve a natural TDS concentration were springs. An average spring TDS value for sandstones geology in the basin was 350 milligrams per liter, and the average value for Mancos Shale geology was 4,000 milligrams per liter. The natural salinity loads in McElmo Creek were estimated to be 29,100 tons per year, which is 43 percent of the salinity load that was calculated for the postperiod.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105218","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Richards, R.J., and Leib, K.J., 2011, Characterization of hydrology and salinity in the Dolores project area, McElmo Creek region, southwest Colorado, water years 1978-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5218, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105218.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"38","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423544,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98412.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5218.bmp"},{"id":19187,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"McElmo Creek region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.25,\n 37.6667\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -108.3333,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -108.3333,\n 37.6667\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 37.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a4e4b07f02db5c0696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Rodney J. 0000-0003-3953-984X rjrichar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-984X","contributorId":2204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Rodney","email":"rjrichar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209426,"text":"70209426 - 2011 - The effects of wetland restoration on mercury bioaccumulation in the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project: Using the biosentinel toolbox to monitor changes across multiple habitats and spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-07T11:54:31.188408","indexId":"70209426","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-07T06:42:43","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The effects of wetland restoration on mercury bioaccumulation in the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project: Using the biosentinel toolbox to monitor changes across multiple habitats and spatial scales","docAbstract":"The project was initiated in April 2010, and to date has included four sampling events of surface water (April, May, June/July, and August 2010) and five sampling events of biota (April, May, June/July, August, and September 2010) and three sampling events for surface sediment (May, June/July, and August 2010). This annual report briefly summarizes our progress to date.
No abstract available.
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Tracers that are commonly considered conservative may undergo reactive processes, such as ion exchange, thus changing the aqueous composition of the system. As a result, the measured electrical conductivity may reflect not only solute transport but also reactive processes. We have evaluated the impacts of ion exchange reactions, rate-limited mass transfer, and surface conduction on quantifying tracer mass, mean arrival time, and temporal variance in laboratory-scale column experiments. Numerical examples showed that (1) ion exchange can lead to resistivity-estimated tracer mass, velocity, and dispersivity that may be inaccurate; (2) mass transfer leads to an overestimate in the mobile tracer mass and an underestimate in velocity when using electrical methods; and (3) surface conductance does not notably affect estimated moments when high-concentration tracers are used, although this phenomenon may be important at low concentrations or in sediments with high and/or spatially variable cation-exchange capacity. In all cases, colocated groundwater concentration measurements are of high importance for interpreting geophysical data with respect to the controlling transport processes of interest.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3511356","usgsCitation":"Singha, K., Li, L., Day-Lewis, F.D., and Regberg, A.B., 2011, Quantifying solute transport processes: Are chemically \"conservative\" tracers electrically conservative?: Geophysics, v. 76, no. 1, p. 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9781439870532","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., and Brown, J.G., 2011, Integrating field observations and inverse and forward modeling: application at a site with acidic, heavy-metal-contaminated groundwater, chap. 8 of Geochemical modeling of groundwater: vadose and geothermal systems, v. 6, p. 181-233.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"233","ipdsId":"IP-030289","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2011/glynn_2011.pdf#page=23"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b475e4b0702d0e844b44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, James G.","contributorId":81094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044656,"text":"70044656 - 2011 - Comparison of simulations of land-use specific water demand and irrigation water supply by MF-FMP and IWFM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T15:08:37","indexId":"70044656","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:54:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":292,"text":"Technical Information Record","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"TIR-2","title":"Comparison of simulations of land-use specific water demand and irrigation water supply by MF-FMP and IWFM","docAbstract":"Two hydrologic models, MODFLOW with the Farm Process (MF-FMP) and the Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM), are compared with respect to each model’s capabilities of simulating land-use hydrologic processes, surface-water routing, and groundwater flow. Of major concern among the land-use processes was the consumption of water through evaporation and transpiration by plants. The comparison of MF-FMP and IWFM was conducted and completed using a realistic hypothetical case study. Both models simulate the water demand for water-accounting units resulting from evapotranspiration and inefficiency losses and, for irrigated units, the supply from surface-water deliveries and groundwater pumpage. The MF-FMP simulates reductions in evapotranspiration owing to anoxia and wilting, and separately considers land-use-related evaporation and transpiration; IWFM simulates reductions in evapotranspiration related to the depletion of soil moisture. The models simulate inefficiency losses from precipitation and irrigation water applications to runoff and deep percolation differently. MF-FMP calculates the crop irrigation requirement and total farm delivery requirement, and then subtracts inefficiency losses from runoff and deep percolation. In IWFM, inefficiency losses to surface runoff from irrigation and precipitation are computed and subtracted from the total irrigation and precipitation before the crop irrigation requirement is estimated. Inefficiency losses in terms of deep percolation are computed simultaneously with the crop irrigation requirement. The seepage from streamflow routing also is computed differently and can affect certain hydrologic settings and magnitudes ofstreamflow infiltration. MF-FMP assumes steady-state conditions in the root zone; therefore, changes in soil moisture within the root zone are not calculated. IWFM simulates changes in the root zone in both irrigated and non-irrigated natural vegetation. Changes in soil moisture are more significant for non-irrigated natural vegetation areas than in the irrigated areas. Therefore, to facilitate the comparison of models, the changes in soil moisture are only simulated by IWFM for the natural vegetation areas, and soil-moisture parameters in irrigated regions in IWFM were specified at constant values . The IWFM total simulated changes in soil moisture that are related to natural vegetation areas vary from stress period to stress period but are small over the entire two-year period of simulation. In the hypothetical case study, IWFM simulates more evapotranspiration and return flows and less streamflow infiltration than MF-FMP. This causes more simulated surface-water diversions upstream and less simulated water available to downstream farms in IWFM compared to MF-FMP. The evapotranspiration simulated by the two models is well correlated even though the quantity is different. The different approaches used to simulate soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and inefficient losses yield different results for deep percolation and pumpage. In IWFM, deep percolation is a function of soil moisture; therefore, the constant soil-moisture requirement for irrigated regions, assumed for this comparison, results in a constant deep percolation rate. This led to poor correlation with the variable deep percolation rates simulated in MF-FMP, where the deep percolation rate, a fraction of inefficiency losses from precipitation and irrigation, is a function of quasi-steady state infiltration for each soil type and a function of groundwater head. Similarly, the larger simulated evapotranspiration in IWFM is mainly responsible for larger simulated groundwater pumpage demands and related lower groundwater levels in IWFM compared to MF-FMP. Because of the differences in features between MF-FMP and IWFM, the user may find that for certain hydrologic settings one model is better suited than the other. The performance of MF-FMP and IWFM in this particular hypothetical test case, with a fixed framework composed of common initial and boundary conditions and input parameter values, does not necessarily predict the performance of MF-FMP and IWFM in a real-world situation with variable framework and parameter values. These differences may affect the evaluation of policies, projects, or water-balance analysis for some hydrologic settings. Generally, both models are powerful tools that simulate a connected system of aquifer, stream networks, land surface, root zone, and runoff processes. MF-FMP simulated the hypothetical test case in about 4 minutes compared to about 58 minutes for IWFM.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Schmid, W., Dogural, E., Hanson, R.T., Kadir, T., and Chung, F., 2011, Comparison of simulations of land-use specific water demand and irrigation water supply by MF-FMP and IWFM: Technical Information Record TIR-2, xii, 68 p.","productDescription":"xii, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"80","ipdsId":"IP-001273","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275588,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://baydeltaoffice.water.ca.gov/modeling/hydrology/IWFM/Publications/downloadables/Reports/IWFM%20and%20MF-FMP%20TIR-2%20(USGS-DWR%20Nov2011).pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e061e4b0cecbe8fa9860","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dogural, Emin","contributorId":20629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dogural","given":"Emin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kadir, Tariq","contributorId":26208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadir","given":"Tariq","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chung, Francis","contributorId":54488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146224,"text":"70146224 - 2011 - Recent and historic drivers of landscape change in the Everglades ridge, slough, and Tree Island mosaic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-14T13:06:19","indexId":"70146224","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent and historic drivers of landscape change in the Everglades ridge, slough, and Tree Island mosaic","docAbstract":"More than half of the original Everglades extent formed a patterned peat mosaic of elevated ridges, lower and more open sloughs, and tree islands aligned parallel to the dominant flow direction. This ecologically important landscape structure remained in a dynamic equilibrium for millennia prior to rapid degradation over the past century in response to human manipulation of the hydrologic system. Restoration of the patterned landscape structure is one of the primary objectives of the Everglades restoration effort. Recent research has revealed that three main drivers regulated feedbacks that initiated and maintained landscape structure: the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water depths, surface and subsurface flow, and phosphorus supply. Causes of recent degradation include but are not limited to perturbations to these historically important controls; shifts in mineral and sulfate supply may have also contributed to degradation. Restoring predrainage hydrologic conditions will likely preserve remaining landscape pattern structure, provided a sufficient supply of surface water with low nutrient and low total dissolved solids content exists to maintain a rainfall-driven water chemistry. However, because of hysteresis in landscape evolution trajectories, restoration of areas with a fully degraded landscape could require additional human intervention.
","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2010.531219","usgsCitation":"Larsen, L., Nicholas Aumen, Bernhardt, C.E., Engel, V., Givnish, T.J., S Hagerthey, P.M., Harvey, J., Leonard, L., McCormick, P., McVoy, C., Noe, G.E., Nungesser, M.K., Rutchey, K., Sklar, F., Troxler, T.G., Volin, J.C., and Willard, D.A., 2011, Recent and historic drivers of landscape change in the Everglades ridge, slough, and Tree Island mosaic: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 344-381, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.531219.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"381","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019250","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299668,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643389.2010.531219#.VJG9x_nF9qN"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e3a30e4b0b22a157fa0ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Laurel G. lglarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Laurel G.","email":"lglarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholas Aumen","contributorId":140210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholas Aumen","affiliations":[{"id":13414,"text":"Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engel, Vic 0000-0002-3858-7308","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":140213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engel","given":"Vic","affiliations":[{"id":13415,"text":"Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Givnish, Thomas J.","contributorId":49648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givnish","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"S Hagerthey, P McCormick","contributorId":140211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"S Hagerthey","given":"P","email":"","middleInitial":"McCormick","affiliations":[{"id":7036,"text":"South Florida Water Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - 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Groundwater, pore water and surface wetland water data were used to help characterize the relationships between surface and groundwater with respect to nutrient dynamics. Photosynthesis and subsequent decomposition of vegetation in these hydrologically dynamic wetlands generates a large amount of dissolved C and N, although the subsurface till, derived in part from organic matter rich Pierre Shale, is a likely secondary source of nutrients in deeper groundwater. While surface water DOC concentrations ranged from 2.2 to 4.6 mM, groundwater values were 0.15 mM to 3.7 mM. Greater specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) in the wetland water column and in soil pore waters relative to groundwater indicate more reactive DOC in the surface to near-surface waters. Circumneutral wetlands had greater SUVA254, possibly because of variations in vegetation communities. The dominant inorganic nitrogen species was NH4+ in both wetland water and most ground water samples. The exceptions were 3 wells with NO3- ranging from 38 to 115 μM. Shallow groundwater wells (Well 28 and Well 13S) with greater connection to wetland surface water had greater NH4+ concentrations (1.1 mM and 120 μM) than other well samples (3–90 μM). Pore water nutrient chemistry was more similar to surface water than ground water. Nitrogen results suggest reducing conditions in both groundwater and surface water, possibly due to the microbial uptake of O2 by decaying vegetation in the wetland water column, labile organic C available in shallow groundwater, or the oxidation of pyrite associated with the subsurface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.025","usgsCitation":"Holloway, J.M., Goldhaber, M.B., and Mills, C., 2011, Carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry of a Prairie Pothole Wetland, Stutsman County, North Dakota, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, supplement, p. 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PRMS is a deterministic, distributed-parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land cover on streamflow and multiple intermediate hydrologic states. Precipitation and temperature output from five general circulation models (GCMs) using one current and three future climate-change scenarios were statistically downscaled for input into PRMS. Projections of urbanization through 2050 derived for the Flint River basin by the Forecasting Scenarios of Future Land-Cover (FORE-SCE) land-cover change model were also used as input to PRMS. Comparison of the central tendency of streamflow simulated based on the three climate-change scenarios showed a slight decrease in overall streamflow relative to simulations under current conditions, mostly caused by decreases in the surface- runoff and groundwater components. The addition of information about forecasted urbanization of land surfaces to the hydrologic simulation mitigated the decreases in streamflow, mainly by increasing surface runoff.
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Exchange with the stream may extend into the interstitial areas of the streambed, the hyporheic zone, the riparian area, or the catchment's groundwater flow system. Even at the smaller scales, the exchanges significantly influence solute transport, nutrient cycling, and the aquatic ecosystem. Over the recent decades, considerable attention has been given to the solute transport aspects of stream–groundwater interactions. Stream–groundwater interactions are now being recognized as practical matters to be considered in environmental issues, such as stream restoration and fish habitat. In this chapter, the emphasis is on introducing (1) the breadth of hydrologic interactions between streams and groundwater and (2) the importance of interpreting these interactions to understanding stream chemistry and ecology.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on Water Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-53199-5.00115-9","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., 2011, Stream-groundwater interactions, chap. 2.2 of Treatise on Water Science, v. 2, p. 537-546, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53199-5.00115-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"546","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":850289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198712,"text":"70198712 - 2011 - Nanoparticles formed from bacterial oxyanion reduction of toxic Group 15 and 16 metalloids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T07:38:52","indexId":"70198712","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T09:59:33","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"16","title":"Nanoparticles formed from bacterial oxyanion reduction of toxic Group 15 and 16 metalloids","docAbstract":"This chapter presents some examples of nanoparticles formed by only a few microbial species that are cultivated in only a handful of laboratories worldwide. The investigations so far have just scratched the surface of the potential of the natural world to yield bionanomineral producers. While future research should involve screening surveys of the prokaryotes for this biomineralizing phenomenon, more detailed investigations are justified. The chapter discusses microbial Interaction with Group 15 and 16 Toxic Metalloids. The toxicity of the metalloids Se, Te, and As is due to the disruption of thiol intracellular biochemistry through the formation of stable, long-lived sulfur complexes. Selenium oxyanion reduction occurs in a wide range of microbes, including representatives of the Wolinella, Pseudomonas, Sulfurospirillum, Enterobacter, Thaurea, Bacillus, Shewanella, and Citrobacter genera. Technological applications of Se(0) and Te(0) nanoparticles include their use in photocopiers, microelectronic circuits, and solar cells as a result of their photo-optical and semiconducting physical properties. Nonetheless, once novel Se, Te, and As bionanoparticles are identified as having significant technical applications, applied research into their practical commercial production will without doubt ensue rapidly.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial metal and metalloid metabolism: Advances and applications","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/9781555817190","isbn":"978-1-55581-536-3","usgsCitation":"Pearce, C., Baseman, S., Fellowes, J., and Oremland, R.S., 2011, Nanoparticles formed from bacterial oxyanion reduction of toxic Group 15 and 16 metalloids, chap. 16 of Microbial metal and metalloid metabolism: Advances and applications, p. 297-319, https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555817190.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"319","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b488e4b0702d0e844b47","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742673,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742674,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, C.I.","contributorId":65315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baseman, S.","contributorId":207075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baseman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fellowes, J.W.","contributorId":85451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellowes","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198710,"text":"70198710 - 2011 - Hydrology and biogeochemistry linkages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T09:44:23","indexId":"70198710","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T09:39:27","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hydrology and biogeochemistry linkages","docAbstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the linkages between hydrology and biogeochemistry in terrestrial and aquatic systems. Selected topics include hydrological pathways on drainage basin slopes, mountain environments, within-river (or in-stream) processes, wetlands, groundwater (and groundwater–surface water interactions), and lakes. Beginning from catchment headwaters, This chapter introduces mechanisms delivering water from hillslopes to stream channels, highlighting the relative importance of biogeochemical processes along hydrological pathways. It considers processes affecting components of the water budget, including snow formation and ablation processes, and interactions with the soil below snow cover and during snowmelt. It presents the concept of nutrient spiraling and the importance of temperature and stream flow variability on biogeochemistry, as well as groundwater–surface water interactions through hyporheic and riparian zones. This chapter contrasts important processes in hydrologically isolated wetlands with those temporally connected to streams and rivers. It addresses stream and groundwater inputs, stratification, and within-lake processes, interactions with sediments, and a discussion about limiting nutrients. This chapter presents information about typical reactions controlled by hydrological pathways, lithology (mineralogy) and biota, the importance of residence time in biogeochemical evolution, and linkages between groundwater Acidic atmospheric deposition
The time frame for natural attenuation of crude oil contamination in the subsurface has been studied for the last 27 years at a spill site located near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA. Data from the
groundwater contaminant plume show that dissolved benzene concentrations adjacent to the oil decreased by 50% between 1993 and 2007. To assess how this decrease is related to benzene
concentrations in the crude oil, samples of oil were bailed from floating oil in five wells and analysed for volatile components. Compared to reference oil collected from the pipeline in 1984, benzene
concentrations in the well located farthest downgradient in the oil have decreased an average of 50%. Benzene and ethylbenzene depletion are linearly correlated with oil saturation in the pore space
suggesting that dissolution is the primary removal mechanism and biodegradation within the oil body is insignificant.