In late 2007, a perched lava channel, built up to 45 m above the preexisting surface, developed during the ongoing eruption near Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō cone on Kīlauea Volcano’s east rift zone. The lava channel was segmented into four pools extending over a total of 1.4 km. From late October to mid-December, a cyclic behavior, consisting of steady lava level rise terminated by vigorous spattering and an abrupt drop in lava level, was commonly observed in pool 1. We use geologic observations, video, time-lapse camera images, and seismicity to characterize and understand this cyclic behavior. Spattering episodes occurred at intervals of 40–100 min during peak activity and involved small (5–10-m-high) fountains limited to the margins of the pool. Most spattering episodes had fountains which migrated downchannel. Each spattering episode was associated with a rapid lava level drop of about 1 m, which was concurrent with a conspicuous cigar-shaped tremor burst with peak frequencies of 4–5 Hz. We interpret this cyclic behavior to be gas pistoning, and this is the first documented instance of gas pistoning in lava well away from the deeper conduit. Our observations and data indicate that the gas pistoning was driven by gas accumulation beneath the visco-elastic component of the surface crust, contrary to other studies which attribute similar behavior to the periodic rise of gas slugs. The gas piston events typically had a gas mass of about 2,500 kg (similar to the explosions at Stromboli), with gas accumulation and release rates of about 1.1 and 5.7 kg s−1, respectively. The time-averaged gas output rate of the gas pistoning events accounted for about 1–2% of the total gas output rate of the east rift zone eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0431-2","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Orr, T.R., Wilson, D.C., Dow, D.C., and Freeman, R., 2011, Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 6, p. 639-653, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0431-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"653","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano ","volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b475e4b0702d0e844b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":139620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dow, David C.","contributorId":52703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, R.","contributorId":7525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047157,"text":"70047157 - 2011 - Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-09T16:12:40","indexId":"70047157","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T15:47:09","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":275,"text":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"174","title":"Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Eocene (34 Ma) Caetano caldera in north-central \nNevada offers an exceptional opportunity to study the \nphysical and petrogenetic evolution of a large (20 km by \n10–18 km pre-extensional dimensions) silicic magma \nchamber, from precursor magmatism to caldera collapse \nand intrusion of resurgent plutons. Caldera-related rocks \nshown on this map include two units of crystal-rich \nintracaldera tuff totaling over 4 km thickness, caldera \ncollapse breccias, tuff dikes that fed the eruption, \nhydrothermally altered post-eruption rocks, and two \ngenerations of resurgent granitic intrusions (John et al., \n2008). The map also depicts middle Miocene (about 16–12 \nMa) normal faults and synextensional basins that \naccommodated >100 percent extension and tilted the \ncaldera into a series of ~40° east-dipping blocks, \nproducing exceptional 3-D exposures of the caldera \ninterior (Colgan et al., 2008).
\nThis 1:75,000-scale map is a compilation of published \nmaps and extensive new mapping by the authors (fig. 1), \nand supersedes a preliminary 1:100,000-scale map \npublished by Colgan et al. (2008) and John et al. (2008). \nNew mapping focused on the margins of the Caetano \ncaldera, the distribution and lithology of rocks within the \ncaldera, and on the Miocene normal faults and sedimentary \nbasins that record Neogene extensional faulting. The \ndefinition of geologic units and their distribution within \nthe caldera is based entirely on new mapping, except in the \nnorthern Toiyabe Range, where mapping by Gilluly and \nGates (1965) was modified with new field observations. \nThe distribution of pre-Cenozoic rocks outside the caldera \nwas largely compiled from existing sources with minor \nmodifications, with the exception of the northeastern \ncaldera margin (west of the Cortez Hills Mine), which was \nremapped in the course of this work and published as a \nstand-alone 1:6000-scale map (Moore and Henry, 2010).
","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Colgan, J.P., Henry, C., and John, D.A., 2011, Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 174, v. Map no. 174, Text: 10 p.; Plate: 36.0 x 28.0 inches.","productDescription":"Text: 10 p.; Plate: 36.0 x 28.0 inches","numberOfPages":"10","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-028979","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275262,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/dox.htm"}],"scale":"75000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Eureka County;Lander County","otherGeospatial":"Caetano Caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.124895,40.02927 ], [ -117.124895,40.300207 ], [ -116.499214,40.300207 ], [ -116.499214,40.02927 ], [ -117.124895,40.02927 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"Map no. 174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5c39e4b0b290850fa5d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047251,"text":"70047251 - 2011 - Seismic swarm associated with the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska: earthquake locations and source parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T15:56:28","indexId":"70047251","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T15:47:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic swarm associated with the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska: earthquake locations and source parameters","docAbstract":"An energetic seismic swarm accompanied an eruption of Kasatochi Volcano in the central Aleutian volcanic arc in August of 2008. In retrospect, the first earthquakes in the swarm were detected about 1 month prior to the eruption onset. Activity in the swarm quickly intensified less than 48 h prior to the first large explosion and subsequently subsided with decline of eruptive activity. The largest earthquake measured as moment magnitude 5.8, and a dozen additional earthquakes were larger than magnitude 4. The swarm exhibited both tectonic and volcanic characteristics. Its shear failure earthquake features were b value = 0.9, most earthquakes with impulsive P and S arrivals and higher-frequency content, and earthquake faulting parameters consistent with regional tectonic stresses. Its volcanic or fluid-influenced seismicity features were volcanic tremor, large CLVD components in moment tensor solutions, and increasing magnitudes with time. Earthquake location tests suggest that the earthquakes occurred in a distributed volume elongated in the NS direction either directly under the volcano or within 5-10 km south of it. Following the MW 5.8 event, earthquakes occurred in a new crustal volume slightly east and north of the previous earthquakes. The central Aleutian Arc is a tectonically active region with seismicity occurring in the crusts of the Pacific and North American plates in addition to interplate events. We postulate that the Kasatochi seismic swarm was a manifestation of the complex interaction of tectonic and magmatic processes in the Earth's crust. Although magmatic intrusion triggered the earthquakes in the swarm, the earthquakes failed in context of the regional stress field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007435","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, N.G., Prejean, S.G., and Hansen, R.A., 2011, Seismic swarm associated with the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska: earthquake locations and source parameters: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 116, no. B2, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007435.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-021089","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275477,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007435"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasatoshi Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.0,50.0 ], [ -178.0,53.0 ], [ -172.0,53.0 ], [ -172.0,50.0 ], [ -178.0,50.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f39a67e4b0a32220222f9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, Natalia G.","contributorId":96987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Natalia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Roger A.","contributorId":73901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047156,"text":"70047156 - 2011 - The regional structural setting of the 2008 Wells earthquake and Town Creek Flat Basin: implications for the Wells earthquake fault and adjacent structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T14:51:21","indexId":"70047156","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:44:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":125,"text":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"36","title":"The regional structural setting of the 2008 Wells earthquake and Town Creek Flat Basin: implications for the Wells earthquake fault and adjacent structures","docAbstract":"The 2008 Wells earthquake occurred on a northeast-striking, southeast-dipping fault that is clearly delineated by the aftershock swarm to a depth of 10-12 km below sea level. However, Cenozoic rocks and structures around Wells primarily record east-west extension along north- to north-northeast-striking, west-dipping normal faults that formed during the middle Miocene. These faults are responsible for the strong eastward tilt of most basins and ranges in the area, including the Town Creek Flat basin (the location of the earthquake) and the adjacent Snake Mountains and western Windermere Hills. These older west-dipping faults are locally overprinted by a younger generation of east-dipping, high-angle normal faults that formed as early as the late Miocene and have remained active into the Quaternary. The most prominent of these east-dipping faults is the set of en-échelon, north-striking faults that bounds the east sides of the Ruby Mountains, East Humboldt Range, and Clover Hill (about 5 km southwest of Wells). The northeastern-most of these faults, the Clover Hill fault, projects northward along strike toward the Snake Mountains and the approximately located surface projection of the Wells earthquake fault as defined by aftershock locations. The Clover Hill fault also projects toward a previously unrecognized, east-facing Quaternary fault scarp and line of springs that appear to mark a significant east-dipping normal fault along the western edge of Town Creek Flat. Both western and eastern projections may be northern continuations of the Clover Hill fault. The Wells earthquake occurred along this east-dipping fault system.
\nTwo possible alternatives to rupture of a northern continuation of the Clover Hill fault are that the earthquake fault (1) is antithetic to an active west-dipping fault or (2) reactivated a Mesozoic thrust fault that dips east as a result of tilting by the west-dipping faults along the west side of the Snake Mountains. Both alternatives are precluded by the depths of the earthquake and aftershocks, about 8 km and as deep as 12 km, respectively. These depths are below where an antithetic fault would intersect any main fault, and a tilted, formerly shallow and sub-horizontal thrust fault would not extend to depths of more than about 5–6 km.
\nThe east-dipping, high-angle, earthquake fault cuts older west-dipping faults rather than reactivating them, highlighting a change in the structural style of Basin and Range extension in this region from closely-spaced, west-dipping faults that rotated significantly during slip and accommodated large-magnitude extension, to widely-spaced, high-angle faults that accommodate much less total strain over a long time span.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Henry, C.S., and Colgan, J.P., 2011, The regional structural setting of the 2008 Wells earthquake and Town Creek Flat Basin: implications for the Wells earthquake fault and adjacent structures: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication 36, v. Special Publication 36, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-013285","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286306,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Wells","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.924,40.5084 ], [ -115.924,41.3569 ], [ -114.1865,41.3569 ], [ -114.1865,40.5084 ], [ -115.924,40.5084 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"Special Publication 36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535595a0e4b0120853e8c291","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, Christopher S.","contributorId":42522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006125,"text":"70006125 - 2011 - The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-31T09:53:37","indexId":"70006125","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T09:38:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"In central Idaho, Neoproterozoic stratified rocks are engulfed by the Late Cretaceous Idaho batholith and by Eocene volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Challis event. Studied sections in the Gospel Peaks and Big Creek areas of west-central Idaho are in roof pendants of the Idaho batholith. A drill core section studied from near Challis, east-central Idaho, lies beneath the Challis Volcanic Group and is not exposed at the surface. Metamorphic and deformational overprinting, as well as widespread dismembering by the younger igneous rocks, conceals many primary details. Despite this, these rocks provide important links for regional correlations and have produced critical geochronological data for two Neoproterozoic glacial periods in the North American Cordillera.\nMovement of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) through the hydrologic cycle is an important component of global carbon budgets, but there is considerable uncertainty about the controls of DIC transmission from landscapes to streams, and through river networks to the oceans. In this study, diel measurements of DIC, d13C-DIC, dissolved oxygen (O2), d18O-O2, alkalinity, pH, and other parameters were used to assess the relative magnitudes of biological and geochemical controls on DIC cycling and flux in a nutrient-rich, net autotrophic stream. Rates of photosynthesis (P), respiration (R), groundwater discharge, air–water exchange of CO2, and carbonate precipitation/dissolution were quantified through a time-stepping chemical/isotope (12C and 13C, 16O and 18O) mass balance model. Groundwater was the major source of DIC to the stream. Primary production and carbonate precipitation were equally important sinks for DIC removed from the water column. The stream was always super-saturated with respect to carbonate minerals, but carbonate precipitation occurred mainly during the day when P increased pH. We estimated more than half (possibly 90%) of the carbonate precipitated during the day was retained in the reach under steady baseflow conditions. The amount of DIC removed from the overlying water through carbonate precipitation was similar to the amount of DIC generated from R. Air–water exchange of CO2 was always from the stream to the atmosphere, but was the smallest component of the DIC budget. Overall, the in-stream DIC reactions reduced the amount of CO2 evasion and the downstream flux of groundwater-derived DIC by about half relative to a hypothetical scenario with groundwater discharge only. Other streams with similar characteristics are widely distributed in the major river basins of North America. Data from USGS water quality monitoring networks from the 1960s to the 1990s indicated that 40% of 652 stream monitoring stations in the contiguous USA were at or above the equilibrium saturation state for calcite, and 77% of all stations exhibited apparent increases in saturation state from the 1960/70s to the 1980/90s. Diel processes including partially irreversible carbonate precipitation may affect net carbon fluxes from many such watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.012","usgsCitation":"Tobias, C., and Bohlke, J., 2011, Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond: Chemical Geology, v. 283, no. 1-2, p. 18-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-022716","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.21093749999999,\n 49.49667452747045\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -125.68359374999999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -125.33203125,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -116.3671875,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 24.046463999666567\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -73.30078125,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -69.78515625,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 49.38237278700955\n ],\n [\n -126.21093749999999,\n 49.49667452747045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"283","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ebfc72e4b07f1501afcfc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tobias, Craig","contributorId":90612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044301,"text":"70044301 - 2011 - Notes on the geology and meteorology of sites infected with white-nose syndrome before July 2010 in Southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T15:07:22","indexId":"70044301","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2805,"text":"NSS News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the geology and meteorology of sites infected with white-nose syndrome before July 2010 in Southeastern United States","docAbstract":"Since 2006, numerous bat colonies in North America have experienced unusually high incidences of mortality. In these colonies, bats are infected by a white fungus named Geomyces destructans, which has been observed on bat muzzles, noses, ears, and (or) wings. Although it is not exactly certain how and why these bats are dying, this condition has been named white-nose syndrome (WNS). WNS appears to have spread from an initial infection site at a cave in New York, and was first identified south of Pennsylvania during January 2009. By the end of June 2010, 41 infected sites had identified in the states of West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, and Tennessee. Most of these sites are natural caves in limestone of either Cambrian-Ordovician age or Silurian-Devonian age. Published air temperature values in these WNS-infected caves range from -3.3 to 15.6 °C, and humidity measurements range from 68 to 100 %.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"NSS News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Speleological Society","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C.S., and Garrity, C.P., 2011, Notes on the geology and meteorology of sites infected with white-nose syndrome before July 2010 in Southeastern United States: NSS News, v. 2011, no. 17, p. 16-25.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-026229","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271379,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://microbiology.usgs.gov/documents/Swezey_Garrity_2011.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana;Kentucky;Maryl;North Carolina;Ohio;Pennsylvania;Virginia;West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.43,34.98 ], [ -87.43,40.20 ], [ -75.37,40.20 ], [ -75.37,34.98 ], [ -87.43,34.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2011","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765bebe4b0f989f99e010b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S. 0000-0003-4019-9264 cswezey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-9264","contributorId":601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher","email":"cswezey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044351,"text":"70044351 - 2011 - Paleogene calcareous nannofossils of Southern Maryland, South Dover Bridge Core, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-30T15:46:54","indexId":"70044351","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2395,"text":"Journal of Nannoplankton Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleogene calcareous nannofossils of Southern Maryland, South Dover Bridge Core, USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Nannoplankton Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Nannoplankton Association","usgsCitation":"Self-Trail, J.M., 2011, Paleogene calcareous nannofossils of Southern Maryland, South Dover Bridge Core, USA: Journal of Nannoplankton Research, v. 32, no. 1, p. 1-28.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"29","ipdsId":"IP-022265","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180e7eae4b0df838b924d88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean M. jstrail@usgs.gov","contributorId":2205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044482,"text":"70044482 - 2011 - U.S. Geological Survey: A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T11:47:27","indexId":"70044482","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey: A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a multidisciplinary agency that provides assessments of natural resources (geological, hydrological, biological), the disturbances that affect those resources, and the disturbances that affect the built environment, natural landscapes, and human society. Until now, USGS map products have been generated and distributed primarily as 2-D maps, occasionally providing cross sections or overlays, but rarely allowing the ability to characterize and understand 3-D systems, how they change over time (4-D), and how they interact. And yet, technological advances in monitoring natural resources and the environment, the ever-increasing diversity of information needed for holistic assessments, and the intrinsic 3-D/4-D nature of the information obtained increases our need to generate, verify, analyze, interpret, confirm, store, and distribute its scientific information and products using 3-D/4-D visualization, analysis, modeling tools, and information frameworks. Today, USGS scientists use 3-D/4-D tools to (1) visualize and interpret geological information, (2) verify the data, and (3) verify their interpretations and models. 3-D/4-D visualization can be a powerful quality control tool in the analysis of large, multidimensional data sets. USGS scientists use 3-D/4-D technology for 3-D surface (i.e., 2.5-D) visualization as well as for 3-D volumetric analyses. Examples of geological mapping in 3-D include characterization of the subsurface for resource assessments, such as aquifer characterization in the central United States, and for input into process models, such as seismic hazards in the western United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 13 in Synopsis of Current Three-dimensional Geological Mapping and Modeling in Geological Survey Organizations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Illinois State Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Jacobsen, L.J., Glynn, P.D., Phelps, G.A., Orndorff, R.C., Bawden, G.W., and Grauch, V.J., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey: A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling, chap. of Chapter 13 in Synopsis of Current Three-dimensional Geological Mapping and Modeling in Geological Survey Organizations, p. 69-79.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"79","ipdsId":"IP-024495","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273202,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2011/jacobsen_glynn_etal_2011.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c72e4b08a3322c2c372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobsen, Linda J.","contributorId":9159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phelps, Geoff A.","contributorId":59328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grauch, V. 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Such adjustment includes climate-bias correction, spatial refinement (\"downscaling\"), and consideration of the roles of hydrologic processes that were neglected in the climate model. Described herein is a quantitative analysis of the effects of hydrologic adjustment on the projections of runoff change associated with projected twenty-first-century climate change. In a case study including three climate models and 10 river basins in the contiguous United States, the authors find that relative (i.e., fractional or percentage) runoff change computed with hydrologic adjustment more often than not was less positive (or, equivalently, more negative) than what was projected by the climate models. The dominant contributor to this decrease in runoff was a ubiquitous change in runoff (median -11%) caused by the hydrologic model’s apparent amplification of the climate-model-implied growth in potential evapotranspiration. Analysis suggests that the hydrologic model, on the basis of the empirical, temperature-based modified Jensen–Haise formula, calculates a change in potential evapotranspiration that is typically 3 times the change implied by the climate models, which explicitly track surface energy budgets. In comparison with the amplification of potential evapotranspiration, central tendencies of other contributions from hydrologic adjustment (spatial refinement, climate-bias adjustment, and process refinement) were relatively small. The authors’ findings highlight the need for caution when projecting changes in potential evapotranspiration for use in hydrologic models or drought indices to evaluate climate-change impacts on water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/2010EI363.1","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., and Dunne, K.A., 2011, On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration: Earth Interactions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010EI363.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019747","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010ei363.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270444,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010EI363.1"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf6e4b075500ee5ca7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Krista A. kadunne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Krista","email":"kadunne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032270,"text":"70032270 - 2011 - Excess nitrogen in the U.S. environment: Trends, risks, and solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032270","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2121,"text":"Issues in Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Excess nitrogen in the U.S. environment: Trends, risks, and solutions","docAbstract":"It is not surprising that humans have profoundly altered the global nitrogen (N) cycle in an effort to feed 7 billion people, because nitrogen is an essential plant and animal nutrient. Food and energy production from agriculture, combined with industrial and energy sources, have more than doubled the amount of reactive nitrogen circulating annually on land. Humanity has disrupted the nitrogen cycle even more than the carbon (C) cycle. We present new research results showing widespread effects on ecosystems, biodiversity, human health, and climate, suggesting that in spite of decades of research quantifying the negative consequences of too much available nitrogen in the biosphere, solutions remain elusive. There have been important successes in reducing nitrogen emissions to the atmosphere and this has improved air quality. Effective solutions for reducing nitrogen losses from agriculture have also been identified, although political and economic impediments to their adoption remain. Here, we focus on the major sources of reactive nitrogen for the United States (U.S.), their impacts, and potential mitigation options. Sources: ??? Intensive development of agriculture, industry, and transportation has profoundly altered the U.S. nitrogen cycle. ??? Nitrogen emissions from the energy and transportation sectors are declining, but agricultural emissions are increasing. ??? Approximately half of all nitrogen applied to boost agricultural production escapes its intended use and is lost to the environment. Impacts: ??? Two-thirds of U.S. coastal systems are moderately to severely impaired due to nutrient loading; there are now approximately 300 hypoxic (low oxygen) zones along the U.S. coastline and the number is growing. One third of U.S. streams and two fifths of U.S. lakes are impaired by high nitrogen concentrations. ??? Air pollution continues to reduce biodiversity. A nation-wide assessment has documented losses of nitrogen-sensitive native species in favor of exotic, invasive species. ??? More than 1.5 million Americans drink well water contaminated with too much (or close to too much) nitrate (a regulated drinking water pollutant), potentially placing them at increased risk of birth defects and cancer. More research is needed to deepen understanding of these health risks. ??? Several pathogenic infections, including coral diseases, bird die-offs, fish diseases, and human diarrheal diseases and vector-borne infections are associated with nutrient losses from agriculture and from sewage entering ecosystems. ??? Nitrogen is intimately linked with the carbon cycle and has both warming and cooling effects on the climate. Mitigation Options: ??? Regulation of nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions from energy and transportation sectors has greatly improved air quality, especially in the eastern U.S. Nitrogen oxide is expected to decline further as stronger regulations take effect, but ammonia remains mostly unregulated and is expected to increase unless better controls on ammonia emissions from livestock operations are implemented. ??? Nitrogen loss from farm and livestock operations can be reduced 30-50% using current practices and technologies and up to 70-90% with innovative applications of existing methods. Current U.S. agricultural policies and support systems, as well as declining investments in agricultural extension, impede the adoption of these practices. Society faces profound challenges to meet demands for food, fiber, and fuel while minimizing unintended environmental and human health impacts. While our ability to quantify transfers of nitrogen across land, water, and air has improved since the first publication of this series in 1997, an even bigger challenge remains: using the science for effective management policies that reduce climate change, improve water quality, and protect human and environmental health. ?? The Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Issues in Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10928987","usgsCitation":"Davidson, E., David, M., Galloway, J., Goodale, C., Haeuber, R., Harrison, J., Howarth, R.W., Jaynes, D., Lowrance, R., Thomas, N.B., Peel, J., Pinder, R., Porter, E., Snyder, C., Townsend, A., and Ward, M., 2011, Excess nitrogen in the U.S. environment: Trends, risks, and solutions: Issues in Ecology, no. 15.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0da6e4b0c8380cd53117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, E.A.","contributorId":26843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"David, M.B.","contributorId":20089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, J.N.","contributorId":8740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodale, C.L.","contributorId":100677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodale","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeuber, R.","contributorId":52528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeuber","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harrison, J. 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W.","contributorId":48126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howarth","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jaynes, D.B.","contributorId":103505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaynes","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lowrance, R.R.","contributorId":21836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowrance","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thomas, Nolan B.","contributorId":6735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nolan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Peel, J.L.","contributorId":46374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peel","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pinder, R.W.","contributorId":36817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinder","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Porter, E.","contributorId":77434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Snyder, C.S.","contributorId":7149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Townsend, A.R.","contributorId":16631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ward, M.H.","contributorId":35939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70044842,"text":"70044842 - 2011 - Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T12:58:21","indexId":"70044842","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Española Basin, New Mexico, USA","title":"Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) and radiocarbon ages were determined for 43 groundwater samples collected in the eastern Española Basin, New Mexico (USA), to identify mountain-block recharge in waters <10 thousand years (ka) old and to evaluate possible changes in mountain-block recharge over the past ∼35 ka. For Holocene samples from the southeastern area, NGTs are dominantly 2–4° cooler than the measured water-table temperature near the mountain front. Computed minimum mountain-block recharge fractions are dominantly 0.2–0.5, consistent with previous large mountain-block recharge estimates. NGTs do not display the distinct low during the last glacial maximum observed in other paleorecharge studies; samples recharged 15–25 ka ago are on average only 1.3° cooler than Holocene samples. Instead, samples with the coldest NGTs were recharged 25–35 ka ago. A proposed explanation is that higher precipitation rates during the last glacial maximum resulted in a lower mean recharge elevation for the basin, essentially buffering the effect of the lower mean annual air temperature and producing NGTs similar to the Holocene. In the period preceding the last glacial maximum, precipitation rates more like today’s resulted in Holocene-like mountain-block recharge fractions, producing a mean NGT ∼5° cooler than the Holocene, as expected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0696-8","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., 2011, Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 2, p. 379-397, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0696-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"397","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021349","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Española","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.124496,35.658970 ], [ -106.124496,36.021891 ], [ -105.884857,36.021891 ], [ -105.884857,35.658970 ], [ -106.124496,35.658970 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6e9e4b0b7010f820176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70055896,"text":"70055896 - 2011 - Helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic surveys at Mounts Adams, Baker and Rainier, Washington: implications for debris flow hazards and volcano hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-19T18:59:26.414195","indexId":"70055896","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic surveys at Mounts Adams, Baker and Rainier, Washington: implications for debris flow hazards and volcano hydrology","docAbstract":"High‐resolution helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic (HEM) data flown over the rugged, ice‐covered Mt. Adams, Mt. Baker and Mt. Rainier volcanoes (Washington), reveal the distribution of alteration, water and ice thickness essential to evaluating volcanic landslide hazards. These data, combined with geological mapping and rock property measurements, indicate the presence of appreciable thicknesses (>500 m) of water‐saturated hydrothermally altered rock west of the modern summit of Mount Rainier in the Sunset Amphitheater region and in the central core of Mount Adams north of the summit. Alteration at Mount Baker is restricted to thinner (<300 m) zones beneath Sherman Crater and the Dorr Fumarole Fields. The EM data identified water‐saturated rocks from the surface to the detection limit (100–200 m) in discreet zones at Mt. Rainier and Mt Adams and over the entire summit region at Mt. Baker. The best estimates for ice thickness are obtained over relatively low resistivity (<800 ohm‐m) ground for the main ice cap on Mt. Adams and over most of the summit of Mt. Baker. The modeled distribution of alteration, pore fluids and partial ice volumes on the volcanoes helps identify likely sources for future alteration‐related debris flows, including the Sunset Amphitheater region at Mt. Rainier, steep cliffs at the western edge of the central altered zone at Mount Adams and eastern flanks of Mt. Baker.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Workshop on Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Methods and Their Applications, Beijing, China, October 10-13, 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Workshop on Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Methods and Their Applications, Beijing, China, October 10-13, 2011","conferenceDate":"October 10-13, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Beijing, China","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3659065","usgsCitation":"Finn, C.A., and Deszcz-Pan, M., 2011, Helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic surveys at Mounts Adams, Baker and Rainier, Washington: implications for debris flow hazards and volcano hydrology, in International Workshop on Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Methods and Their Applications, Beijing, China, October 10-13, 2011, Beijing, China, October 10-13, 2011, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3659065.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030425","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Adams, Mount Baker, Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.84200306934184,\n 46.93722614399013\n ],\n [\n -121.84200306934184,\n 46.78827550036689\n ],\n [\n -121.62012445724865,\n 46.78827550036689\n ],\n [\n -121.62012445724865,\n 46.93722614399013\n ],\n [\n -121.84200306934184,\n 46.93722614399013\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.88412388017676,\n 48.83985693441136\n ],\n [\n -121.88412388017676,\n 48.72595868701214\n ],\n [\n -121.74121006389123,\n 48.72595868701214\n ],\n [\n -121.74121006389123,\n 48.83985693441136\n ],\n [\n -121.88412388017676,\n 48.83985693441136\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.56989136689592,\n 46.278660025581104\n ],\n [\n -121.56989136689592,\n 46.099510596725935\n ],\n [\n -121.38175341912235,\n 46.099510596725935\n ],\n [\n -121.38175341912235,\n 46.278660025581104\n ],\n [\n -121.56989136689592,\n 46.278660025581104\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9bae4b027f0aee3bb0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maria 0000-0002-6298-5314 maryla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-5314","contributorId":1263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maria","email":"maryla@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035060,"text":"70035060 - 2011 - Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:49:18","indexId":"70035060","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"A 24-h field experiment was conducted during July 2008 at a wetland on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake (GSL) to assess the diurnal cycling of methylmercury (MeHg). Dissolved (< 0.45 μm) MeHg showed a strong diurnal variation with consistently decreasing concentrations during daylight periods and increasing concentrations during non-daylight periods. The proportion of MeHg relative to total Hg in the water column consistently decreased with increasing sunlight duration, indicative of photodegradation. During the field experiment, measured MeHg photodegradation rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 ng L− 1 h− 1. Convective overturn of the water column driven by nighttime cooling of the water surface was hypothesized as the likely mechanism to replace the MeHg in the water column lost via photodegradation processes. A hydrodynamic model of the wetland successfully simulated convective overturn of the water column during the field experiment. Study results indicate that daytime monitoring of selected wetlands surrounding GSL may significantly underestimate the MeHg content in the water column. Wetland managers should consider practices that maximize the photodegradation of MeHg during daylight periods.
Two bituminous coal zones, the San Pedro and the Santo Tomas, in the middle Eocene Claiborne Group of Webb County, south Texas (Figure 1), are among the coal resources that are not evaluated quantitatively as part of the current Gulf Coastal Plain coal resource assessment. Coal beds within these zones were mined by underground methods northwest of Laredo until 1939 and have been intermittently mined at the surface since 1979. These coals have long been regarded as unique within the Gulf Coast Tertiary coal-bearing section because they are high-volatile C bituminous in rank and because their physical characteristics resemble upper Carboniferous cannel coals of the Appalachians and Europe.
Discontinuous exposures of the Santo Tomas and the underlying San Pedro coal zone extend northwestward from Dolores for approximately 15 to 21 mi along the breaks of the Rio Grande and its tributaries in Webb County (Figure 1). This part of south Texas lies along the southwestern flank of the Rio Grande Embayment, which extends south and southeastwardly through the Mexican States of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas (Figure 1). Within the embayment, the lower to middle part of the Claiborne Group consists of marine mudstones (Reklaw Formation) in the east and northeast and sandstones and mudstones (Bigford Formation) in the south and southwest (Figure 2). The marine mudstones coarsen upward into fluvial-deltaic sandstones (Queen City Sand) that prograded gulfward across eastern and central Texas (Guevara and Garcia, 1972). To the west and southwest, the interval overlying the Bigford Formation becomes less sandy, and claystones (El Pico Clay) predominate. Although the San Pedro coal zone has been placed traditionally near the top of the Bigford Formation and the Santo Tomas coal zone near the base of the El Pico Clay, recent work has failed to validate a mappable contact between these formations (Warwick and Hook, 1995). The coal beds dip northeast at less than 2 degrees towards the synclinal axis of the basin.
The following summary is based upon published and unpublished reports; drillhole records (geophysical logs, descriptions of cores and cuttings); coal-quality data obtained from the permit files of the Railroad Commission of Texas and recent sampling by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); a preliminary review of proprietary data acquired recently by the USGS; and field work conducted by the USGS since 1994. A total of approximately 200 drillhole records was examined.
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It is visible today in inverted relief. Pebbles in the river gravel came from at least as far northeast as the San Juan Mountains. The river valley was carved out of easily eroded Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks, whose debris overloaded the river with abundant detritus, possibly steepening the gradient. After the river became inactive, the regional drainage network was rearranged twice, and the Four Corners region was lowered by erosion 1–2 km. The river provides constraints on the history of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon; its continuation into lakes in Arizona or Utah is unlikely, as is integration of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon by lake spillover. The downstream course of the river was probably across the Kaibab Arch in a valley roughly coincident with the present eastern Grand Canyon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/G119A.1","issn":"10525173","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, I., Holm, R.F., and Lucchitta, B.K., 2011, A Miocene river in northern Arizona and its implications for the Colorado River and Grand Canyon: GSA Today, v. 21, no. 10, p. 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1130/G119A.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215950,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G119A.1"},{"id":243787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e468e4b0c8380cd4663a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Ivo","contributorId":94291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Ivo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holm, Richard F.","contributorId":8009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":446683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034604,"text":"70034604 - 2011 - Probing magnetic bottom and crustal temperature variations along the Red Sea margin of Egypt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-15T12:01:31.957985","indexId":"70034604","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probing magnetic bottom and crustal temperature variations along the Red Sea margin of Egypt","docAbstract":"Over 50 magnetic bottom depths derived from spectra of magnetic anomalies in Eastern Egypt along the Red Sea margin show variable magnetic bottoms ranging from 10 to 34 km. The deep magnetic bottoms correspond more closely to the Moho depth in the region, and not the depth of 580 °C, which lies significantly deeper on the steady state geotherms. These results support the idea of Wasilewski and coworkers that the Moho is a magnetic boundary in continental regions. Reduced-to-pole magnetic highs correspond to areas of Younger Granites that were emplaced toward the end of the Precambrian. Other crystalline Precambrian units formed earlier during the closure of ocean basins are not strongly magnetic. In the north, magnetic bottoms are shallow (10–15 km) in regions with a high proportion of these Younger Granites. In the south, the shoaling of the magnetic bottom associated with the Younger Granites appears to be restricted to the Aswan and Ras Banas regions. Complexity in the variation of magnetic bottom depths may arise due to a combination of factors: i) regions of Younger (Precambrian) Granites with high magnetite content in the upper crust, leaving behind low Curie temperature titanomagnetite components in the middle and lower crust, ii) rise in the depth of 580 °C isotherm where the crust may have been heated due to initiation of intense magmatism at the time of the Red Sea rifting (~ 20 Ma), and iii) the contrast of the above two factors with respect to the neighboring regions where the Moho and/or Curie temperature truncates lithospheric ferromagnetism. Estimates of fractal and centroid magnetic bottoms in the oceanic regions of the Red Sea are significantly below the Moho in places suggesting that oceanic uppermost mantle may be serpentinized to the depth of 15–30 km in those regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.002","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Ravat, D., Salem, A., Abdelaziz, A., Elawadi, E., and Morgan, P., 2011, Probing magnetic bottom and crustal temperature variations along the Red Sea margin of Egypt: Tectonophysics, v. 510, no. 3-4, p. 337-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Egypt","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[34.9226,29.50133],[34.64174,29.09942],[34.42655,28.34399],[34.15451,27.8233],[33.92136,27.6487],[33.58811,27.97136],[33.13676,28.41765],[32.42323,29.85108],[32.32046,29.76043],[32.73482,28.70523],[33.34876,27.69989],[34.10455,26.14227],[34.47387,25.59856],[34.79507,25.03375],[35.69241,23.92671],[35.49372,23.75237],[35.52598,23.10244],[36.69069,22.20485],[36.86623,22],[32.9,22],[29.02,22],[25,22],[25,25.6825],[25,29.23865],[24.70007,30.04419],[24.95762,30.6616],[24.80287,31.08929],[25.16482,31.56915],[26.49533,31.58568],[27.45762,31.32126],[28.45048,31.02577],[28.91353,30.87005],[29.68342,31.18686],[30.09503,31.4734],[30.97693,31.55586],[31.68796,31.4296],[31.96041,30.9336],[32.19247,31.26034],[32.99392,31.02407],[33.7734,30.96746],[34.26544,31.21936],[34.9226,29.50133]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Egypt\"}}]}","volume":"510","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ccbe4b0c8380cd7e8bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ravat, D.","contributorId":102971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salem, A.","contributorId":47604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salem","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abdelaziz, A.M.S.","contributorId":101480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abdelaziz","given":"A.M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elawadi, E.","contributorId":40694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elawadi","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, P.","contributorId":34096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034598,"text":"70034598 - 2011 - A short note on ground-motion recordings from the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake and ground-motion prediction equations in the Central and Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034598","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A short note on ground-motion recordings from the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake and ground-motion prediction equations in the Central and Eastern United States","docAbstract":"The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M 7.9) occurred along the western edge of the eastern China SCR and was well recorded by modern strong-motion instruments: 93 strong-motion stations within 1.4 to 300 km rupture distance recorded the main event. Preliminary comparisons show some similarities between ground-motion attenuation in the Wenchuan region and the central and eastern United States, suggesting that ground motions from the Wenchuan earthquake could be used as a database providing constraints for developing GMPEs for large earthquakes in the central and eastern United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.5.731","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Wang, Z., and Lu, M., 2011, A short note on ground-motion recordings from the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake and ground-motion prediction equations in the Central and Eastern United States: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 5, p. 731-734, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.5.731.","startPage":"731","endPage":"734","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.5.731"}],"volume":"82","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e588e4b0c8380cd46dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, M.","contributorId":19800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034589,"text":"70034589 - 2011 - MercNet: A national monitoring network to assess responses to changing mercury emissions in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:07:19","indexId":"70034589","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MercNet: A national monitoring network to assess responses to changing mercury emissions in the United States","docAbstract":"A partnership of federal and state agencies, tribes, industry, and scientists from academic research and environmental organizations is establishing a national, policy-relevant mercury monitoring network, called MercNet, to address key questions concerning changes in anthropogenic mercury emissions and deposition, associated linkages to ecosystem effects, and recovery from mercury contamination. This network would quantify mercury in the atmosphere, land, water, and biota in terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems to provide a national scientific capability for evaluating the benefits and effectiveness of emission controls. Program development began with two workshops, convened to establish network goals, to select key indicators for monitoring, to propose a geographic network of monitoring sites, and to design a monitoring plan. MercNet relies strongly on multi-institutional partnerships to secure the capabilities and comprehensive data that are needed to develop, calibrate, and refine predictive mercury models and to guide effective management. Ongoing collaborative efforts include the: (1) development of regional multi-media databases on mercury in the Laurentian Great Lakes, northeastern United States, and eastern Canada; (2) syntheses and reporting of these data for the scientific and policy communities; and (3) evaluation of potential monitoring sites. The MercNet approach could be applied to the development of other monitoring programs, such as emerging efforts to monitor and assess global mercury emission controls.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/s10646-011-0756-4","issn":"09639292","usgsCitation":"Schmeltz, D., Evers, D., Driscoll, C.T., Artz, R., Cohen, M., Gay, D., Haeuber, R., Krabbenhoft, D., Mason, R., Morris, K., and Wiener, J., 2011, MercNet: A national monitoring network to assess responses to changing mercury emissions in the United States: Ecotoxicology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1713-1725, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0756-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1713","endPage":"1725","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53c1e4b0c8380cd6ccc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmeltz, D.","contributorId":14662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeltz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evers, D.C.","contributorId":36501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evers","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Artz, R.","contributorId":16242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artz","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cohen, M.","contributorId":92886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gay, D.","contributorId":10635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haeuber, R.","contributorId":52528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeuber","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mason, R.","contributorId":11439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morris, K.","contributorId":38805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70034565,"text":"70034565 - 2011 - Emergence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T22:03:52","indexId":"70034565","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emergence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity","docAbstract":"Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a fish rhabdovirus that causes disease in a broad range of marine and freshwater hosts. The known geographic range includes the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and recently it has invaded the Great Lakes region of North America. The goal of this work was to characterize genetic diversity of Great Lakes VHSV isolates at the early stage of this viral emergence by comparing a partial glycoprotein (G) gene sequence (669 nt) of 108 isolates collected from 2003 to 2009 from 31 species and at 37 sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates fell into sub-lineage IVb within the major VHSV genetic group IV. Among these 108 isolates, genetic diversity was low, with a maximum of 1.05% within the 669 nt region. There were 11 unique sequences, designated vcG001 to vcG011. Two dominant sequence types, vcG001 and vcG002, accounted for 90% (97 of 108) of the isolates. The vcG001 isolates were most widespread. We saw no apparent association of sequence type with host or year of isolation, but we did note a spatial pattern, in which vcG002 isolates were more prevalent in the easternmost sub-regions, including inland New York state and the St. Lawrence Seaway. Different sequence types were found among isolates from single disease outbreaks, and mixtures of types were evident within 2 isolates from individual fish. Overall, the genetic diversity of VHSV in the Great Lakes region was found to be extremely low, consistent with an introduction of a new virus into a geographic region with previously naïve host populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao02362","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Thompson, T., Batts, W., Faisal, M., Bowser, P., Casey, J., Phillips, K., Garver, K., Winton, J., and Kurath, G., 2011, Emergence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 96, no. 1, p. 29-43, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02362.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475061,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02362","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215655,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02362"},{"id":243474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08ebe4b0c8380cd51d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, T.M.","contributorId":32008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batts, W.N. 0000-0002-6469-9004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":51043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faisal, M.","contributorId":19116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faisal","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowser, P.","contributorId":27824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casey, J.W.","contributorId":11987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Phillips, K.","contributorId":104300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garver, K.A.","contributorId":42766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70034547,"text":"70034547 - 2011 - Soils and late-Quaternary landscape evolution in the Cottonwood River basin, east-central Kansas: Implications for archaeological research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T12:06:53.39197","indexId":"70034547","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1749,"text":"Geoarchaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soils and late-Quaternary landscape evolution in the Cottonwood River basin, east-central Kansas: Implications for archaeological research","docAbstract":"Temporal and spatial patterns of landscape evolution strongly influence the temporal and spatial patterns of the archaeological record in drainage systems. In this geoarchaeological investigation we took a basin‐wide approach in assessing the soil stratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and geochronology of alluvial deposits and associated buried soils in the Cottonwood River basin of east‐central Kansas. Patterns of landscape evolution emerge when stratigraphic sequences and radiocarbon chronologies are compared by stream size and landform type. In the valleys of high‐order streams (≥4th order) the Younger Dryas Chronozone (ca. 11,000–10,000 14C yr B.P.) was characterized by slow aggradation accompanied by pedogenesis, resulting in the development of organic‐rich cumulic soils. Between ca. 10,000 and 4900 14C yr B.P., aggradation punctuated by soil formation was the dominant process in those valleys. Alluvial fans formed on the margins of high‐order stream valleys during the early and middle Holocene (ca. 9000–5000 14C yr B.P.) and continued to develop slowly until ca. 3000–2000 14C yr B.P. The late‐Holocene record of high‐order streams is characterized by episodes of entrenchment, rapid aggradation, and slow aggradation punctuated by soil development. By contrast, the early and middle Holocene (ca. 10,000–5000 14C yr B.P.) was a period of net erosion in the valleys of low‐order streams. However, during the late Holocene small valleys became zones of net sediment storage. Consideration of the effects of these patterns of landscape evolution on the archaeological record is crucial for accurately interpreting that record and searching for buried archaeological deposits dating to specific cultural periods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/gea.20367","issn":"08836353","usgsCitation":"Beeton, J., and Mandel, R., 2011, Soils and late-Quaternary landscape evolution in the Cottonwood River basin, east-central Kansas: Implications for archaeological research: Geoarchaeology, v. 26, no. 5, p. 693-723, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.20367.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"723","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215831,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.20367"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b922de4b08c986b319d50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeton, J.M.","contributorId":93297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeton","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mandel, R.D.","contributorId":58000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandel","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034533,"text":"70034533 - 2011 - Waves and tides responsible for the intermittent closure of the entrance of a small, sheltered tidal wetland at San Francisco, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T21:04:01.705421","indexId":"70034533","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waves and tides responsible for the intermittent closure of the entrance of a small, sheltered tidal wetland at San Francisco, CA","docAbstract":"Crissy Field Marsh (CFM; http://www.nps.gov/prsf/planyourvisit/crissy-field-marsh-and-beach.htm) is a small, restored tidal wetland located in the entrance to San Francisco Bay just east of the Golden Gate. The marsh is small but otherwise fairly typical of many such restored wetlands worldwide. The marsh is hydraulically connected to the bay and the adjacent Pacific Ocean by a narrow sandy channel. The channel often migrates and sometimes closes completely, which effectively blocks the tidal connection to the ocean and disrupts the hydraulics and ecology of the marsh. Field measurements of waves and tides have been examined in order to evaluate the conditions responsible for the intermittent closure of the marsh entrance. The most important factor found to bring about the entrance channel closure is the occurrence of large ocean waves. However, there were also a few closure events during times with relatively small offshore waves. Examination of the deep-water directional wave spectra during these times indicates the presence of a small secondary peak corresponding to long period swell from the southern hemisphere, indicating that CFM and San Francisco Bay in general may be more susceptible to long period ocean swell emanating from the south or southwest than the more common ocean waves coming from the northwest. The tidal records during closure events show no strong relationship between closures and tides, other than that closures tend to occur during multi-day periods with successively increasing high tides. It can be inferred from these findings that the most important process to the intermittent closure of the entrance to CFM is littoral sediment transport driven by the influence of ocean swell waves breaking along the CFM shoreline at oblique angles. During periods of large, oblique waves the littoral transport of sand likely overwhelms the scour potential of the tidal flow in the entrance channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2011.07.004","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Hanes, D., Ward, K., and Erikson, L.H., 2011, Waves and tides responsible for the intermittent closure of the entrance of a small, sheltered tidal wetland at San Francisco, CA: Continental Shelf Research, v. 31, no. 16, p. 1682-1687, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2011.07.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1682","endPage":"1687","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 37.48793540168987\n ],\n [\n -122.18170166015625,\n 37.48793540168987\n ],\n [\n -122.18170166015625,\n 37.920367835943516\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 37.920367835943516\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 37.48793540168987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfa4e4b08c986b32ea0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanes, D.M.","contributorId":22479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, K.","contributorId":95715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, L. H.","contributorId":21366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034516,"text":"70034516 - 2011 - Diffuse Pacific-North American plate boundary: 1000 km of dextral shear inferred from modeling geodetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T12:10:44.717204","indexId":"70034516","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diffuse Pacific-North American plate boundary: 1000 km of dextral shear inferred from modeling geodetic data","docAbstract":"Geodetic measurements tell us that the eastern part of the Basin and Range Province expands in an east-west direction relative to stable North America, whereas the western part of the province moves to the northwest. We develop three-dimensional finite element representations of the western United States lithosphere in an effort to understand the global positioning system (GPS) signal. The models are constrained by known bounding-block velocities and topography, and Basin and Range Province deformation is represented by simple plastic (thermal creep) rheology. We show that active Basin and Range spreading by gravity collapse is expected to have a strong southward component that does not match the GPS signal. We can reconcile the gravitational component of displacement with observed velocity vectors if the Pacific plate applies northwest-directed shear stress to the Basin and Range via the Sierra Nevada block. This effect reaches at least 1000 km east of the San Andreas fault in our models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G32176.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., and Thatcher, W., 2011, Diffuse Pacific-North American plate boundary: 1000 km of dextral shear inferred from modeling geodetic data: Geology, v. 39, no. 10, p. 943-946, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32176.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"943","endPage":"946","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 38.92522904714054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a010de4b0c8380cd4fa8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}