{"pageNumber":"1832","pageRowStart":"45775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46614,"records":[{"id":1122,"text":"wsp1773 - 1964 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Anchorage area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1773","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1773","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Anchorage area, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Anchorage area, at the head of Cook Inlet in south-central Alaska, \r\noccupies 150 square miles of a glaciated lowland and lies between two estuaries and the Chugach Mountains. Two military bases are in the area; \r\nAnchorage is the largest city in Alaska and the chief transportation center \r\nfor this part of the State. \r\nThe bedrock in the Anchorage area is chiefly Tertiary shale in the lowland \r\nand metamorphic rocks of Mesozoic age beneath the adjacent mountain \r\nslopes. Glacial drift which underlies nearly the entire area has an average \r\nthickness of several hundred feet and appears to include at least five sheets \r\nof deposits, two of which are exposed. The drift consists of till, outwash stream and lake deposits (sand and gravel), and estuarine (and lake) deposits \r\n(clay and silt). The stratigraphy and lateral distribution of the deposits are \r\ncomplex, but data at hand s, how that the thickest deposits, including all the \r\nestuarine and lake sediment and most of the stream-deposited sediment, \r\nare beneath the lowland away from the mountain wall, and that the deposits \r\nnear the mountains are till and subordinate outwash sediments. \r\nDeposits of sand and gravel laid down by outwash streams in channels and \r\non outwash plains are the most important aquifers, and the only \r\nones which yield large quantities of ground water from single beds. Thin \r\nlayers of sandy or gravelly material in till are also important aquifers although they yield relatively small quantities of water. Bedded sand and \r\nsilt associated with the estuarine and lake(?) clay commonly becomes unstable during drilling and pumping, and has been successfully developed in \r\nonly a few wells. Unconfined aquifers are extensive, but permeable saturated \r\nmaterial is thin in many places and water supplies available from them are \r\nsmall or undependable in those places. The most important aquifers are confined or artesian. Clay and till form the confining beds: the till is somewhat 'leaky' in many places. Near Anchorage the buried water-bearing \r\nbeds appear to be interconnected and to form a single artesian system. The \r\nwater table and piezometric surface slope from the mountain wall of the \r\nlowland toward the estuaries, and the flow of the ground water is in that \r\ndirection. The aquifers are recharged by the infiltration of precipitation \r\nat the land surface and of surface water through stream beds: near the mountains the artesian aquifers are probably recharged in part by percolation from \r\nthe water-table aquifer, and far from the mountains the water-table aquifer \r\nis probably recharged in part by upward flow from the underlying artesian \r\naquifers. In several valleys and in a few other places, in the lowland, artesian wells flow at the land surface. \r\nThe outwash sand and gravel are moderately to very permeable; most \r\nof the other water-bearing material are much less permeable. The co- efficient of transmissibility for some single beds of sandy gravel is as high \r\nas 60,000 to I00,000 gpd per ft (gallons per day per foot); for the entire \r\nsection of glacial drift at and near Anchorage it is believed to be of the \r\norder of 200,000 gpd per ft. Calculations based on this value for the total \r\nsection and on the slope of the piezometric surface indicate that in the \r\nimmediate vicinity of Anchorage about 5 million gpd flows through each \r\nmile-wide section of the drift (measured in a northeast-southwest direction, perpendicular to the direction of flow), under normal (nonpumping) conditions. Under conditions of continuous heavy pumping the slope of the piezometric surface is steepened, flow is increased, and additional recharge is induced. \r\n\r\nThe highest yield reported from a well in this area is 2.600 gpm (gallons per minute) with 35 feet of drawdown: the highest reported specific capacity is 180 gpm per ft of drawdown, for a well pumped at. 270 gpm. \r\n\r\nOnly a few wells in the area have been developed for high yields. Well screens have been used ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1773","usgsCitation":"Cederstrom, D.J., Trainer, F.W., and Waller, R.M., 1964, Geology and ground-water resources of the Anchorage area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1773, vi, 108 p. :illus., maps (1 col.) diagrs., tables. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1773.","productDescription":"vi, 108 p. :illus., maps (1 col.) diagrs., tables. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1773/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25887,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1773/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25888,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1773/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25889,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1773/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25890,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1773/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1773/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrom, Dagfin John","contributorId":90287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrom","given":"Dagfin","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trainer, Frank W.","contributorId":103655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainer","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waller, Roger Milton","contributorId":22320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"Milton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1960,"text":"wsp1779K - 1964 - Chemical quality of surface waters in the Brazos River basin in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T11:24:32","indexId":"wsp1779K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"K","title":"Chemical quality of surface waters in the Brazos River basin in Texas","docAbstract":"

The Brazos River basin, which makes up 15 percent of the land area of Texas, extends from the High Plains, where altitudes reach 4,200 feet and the average precipitation ranges from 15 to 20 inches a year, to the Gulf of Mexico where the annual rainfall is 45-^50 inches. Large reservoirs have been built in the Brazos River basin, but the use of the stored water has been limited because the salinity often makes the water undesirable for municipal and industrial use. However, the water is generally satisfactory for irrigation. Records for the Brazos River show that the salinity of the water was a problem even as early as 1906 and that the water more often than not failed to meet today's chemical-quality standards for a municipal supply.

\n

The salt load of the Brazos River comes from the entire basin and is the result of solution, accretion of undetermined amounts of oil-field brine, and accretion of brine from springs and seeps such as those in Salt Croton Creek which contribute about 400 tons of chloride a day.

\n

Much of the salinity of the Brazos River is due to inflow of brines above Possum Kingdom Dam. The area above Possum Kingdom Dam is about 52 percent of the total area in the Brazos River basin but contributes only about 17 percent of the total runoff; however, about 50 percent of the annual salt load comes from this part of the basin.

\n

Quality-of-water records show a wide difference in the salinity of the steams in different parts of the basin, Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from about 100 ppm (parts per million) for flood water to 300,000 ppm for saturated brines from springs.

\n

The quality of the surface water in the Brazos River basin is discussed by areas and by stream reaches. This study indicates that the water of the Salt Fork Brazos River is too saline for most uses. The water of the Double Mountain Fork Brazos River is less saline and might be used for irrigation; however, it probably could not be used as a municipal supply or as a supply for most industries. The water of the dear Fork Brazos River is generally good but is adversely affected by brine pollution. Chemical-quality records for the Lampasas, Leon, and Navasota Rivers indicate that the water of these streams is of excellent quality; however, more data are needed to determine variations. The quality of the water in other tributaries could only be inferred from the results of miscellaneous sampling and from the probable effect of the underlying rocks. The weighted-average concentration of constituents in the Brazos River at Richmond indicated that inflow below Whitney Reservoir has a dilution effect on the river. For 12 of the 14 years of record, the weighted-average dissolved-solids concentration of the Brazos River at Richmond was lessi than, the 500 ppm maximum limit recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service (1961).

\n

This study indicates that water stored in Possum Kingdom and Whitney Reservoirs tends to become stratified, with the more saline water being at the greater depths. Samples collected in 1956 at Whitney Reservoir showed that the chloride concentration at the bottom was almost twice that at the surface. After a flood in June 1957, the dissolved-solids concentrations of bottom releases at Possum Kingdom were almost double those of surface releases through the spillway even though the flood volume had been more than twice the capacity of the reservoir.

\n

The quality of water in the lower main stem can be improved by control and disposal of brines in the upper basin. Also, the maximum concentrations in the water of the lower main stem can be lowered by dilution with water stored in reservoirs on tributaries that yield water of good quality.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779K","usgsCitation":"Irelan, B., and Mendieta, H., 1964, Chemical quality of surface waters in the Brazos River basin in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, Report: vi, 70 p.; 4 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779K.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 70 p.; 4 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27313,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779k/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27314,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779k/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27315,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779k/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27316,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779k/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27317,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779k/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e32ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irelan, Burdge","contributorId":15991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irelan","given":"Burdge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendieta, H.B.","contributorId":38965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendieta","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4148,"text":"cir493 - 1964 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alaska south of the Yukon River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-18T14:53:52","indexId":"cir493","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"493","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alaska south of the Yukon River","docAbstract":"This report presents a method for evaluating the magnitude and frequency of floods on the basis of the analysis of flood records. One composite frequency curve is applied to the entire study region. This curve relates floods of various magnitudes at any site within the region to probable recurrence intervals (from 1.1 to 50 years) for those floods. Flood magnitudes are reduced to dimensionless form by expressing them as a ratio to mean annual flood. Magnitudes of mean annual floods vary with the flood-producing characteristics of stream basins. On the basis of the limited data available, drainage-area size is found to be the only significant factor affecting the magnitude of the mean annual flood. Trial and error groupings of gaging-station records show that the region can be split into three hydrologic areas: one curve defines the relation within each area between mean annual flood and drainage area. These three curves in combination with the composite flood-frequency curve permit, for natural-flow conditions at any site, the determination of flood magnitude for a given recurrence interval, or the determination of recurrence interval for a flood of known magnitude.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir493","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska State Highway Department and the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads","usgsCitation":"Berwick, V.K., Childers, J.M., and Kuentzel, M., 1964, Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alaska south of the Yukon River: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 493, Report: iii, 15 p.; 1 Map: 19.27 x 16.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir493.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 15 p.; 1 Map: 19.27 x 16.80 inches","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0493/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31254,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0493/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271065,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0493/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berwick, Vernon Kenneth","contributorId":50806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berwick","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childers, Joseph M.","contributorId":14379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuentzel, M.A.","contributorId":84248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuentzel","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1335,"text":"wsp1535J - 1964 - Chemical composition of snow in the northern Sierra Nevada and other areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T17:45:05","indexId":"wsp1535J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1535","chapter":"J","title":"Chemical composition of snow in the northern Sierra Nevada and other areas","docAbstract":"

Melting snow provides a large part of the water used throughout the western conterminous United States for agriculture, industry, and domestic supply. It is an active agent in chemical weathering, supplies moisture for forest growth, and sustains fish and wildlife. Despite its importance, virtually nothing has been known of the chemical character of snow in the western mountains until the present study.

Analysis of more than 100 samples, most from the northern Sierra Nevada, but some from Utah, Denver, Colo., and scattered points, shows that melted snow is a dilute solution containing measurable amounts of some or all of the inorganic constituents commonly found in natural water. There are significant regional differences in chemical composition; the progressive increase in calcium content with increasing distance eastward from the west slope of the Sierra Nevada is the most pronounced. The chemical character of individual snowfalls is variable. Some show predominant influence of oceanic salt; others show strong effects of mineralization from continental sources, probably largely dust. Silica and boron were found in about half the samples analyzed for these constituents; precipitation is seldom analyzed for these substances.

Results of the chemical analyses for major constituents in snow samples are summarized in the following table. The median and mean values for individual constituents are derived from 41-78 samples of Sierra Nevada snow, 6-18 samples of Utah snow, and 6-17 samples of Denver, Colo., snow.

The sodium, chloride, and perhaps boron found in snow are probably incorporated in moisture-laden air masses as they move over the Pacific Ocean. Silica, although abundant in the silicate-mineral nuclei found in some snowflakes, may be derived in soluble form largely from dust. Calcium, magnesium, and some bicarbonate are probably added by dust of continental origin. The sources of the other constituents remain unknown.

When snowmelt comes in contact with the lithosphere, the earlier diversity of chemical type largely disappears. The melt water rapidly increases its content of dissolved solids and becomes calcium magnesium bicarbonate in type. Silica, whose concentration increases more than tenfold, shows the largest gain; calcium and bicarbonate contents also increase markedly. Most of the additional mineral matter is from soft and weathered rock; bicarbonate, however, is largely from the soil atmosphere.

Investigators, some reporting as much as a century ago, concentrated attention largely on nitrogen compounds and seldom reported other constituents except chloride and sulfate. The Northern European precipitation-sampling network provides the most comprehensive collection of data on precipitation chemistry, but it does not segregate snow from other forms of precipitation. The present study establishes with confidence the chemical character of snow in the Sierra Nevada, and suggests that the dissolved-solids content of precipitation increases with increasing distance inland from the Pacific Coast.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1535J","usgsCitation":"Feth, J.H., Rogers, S.M., and Roberson, C.E., 1964, Chemical composition of snow in the northern Sierra Nevada and other areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1535, Report: iii, 39 p.; Plate: 28.00 x 21.15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1535J.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 39 p.; Plate: 28.00 x 21.15 inches","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26389,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1535j/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26390,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1535j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1535j/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":109971,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24719.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24719"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","city":"Denver","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feth, John Henry Frederick","contributorId":37310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry Frederick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, S. M.","contributorId":101637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberson, Charles Elmer","contributorId":79451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Elmer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":7812,"text":"ofr649 - 1964 - Preliminary report on tests of the application of geophysical methods to Arctic ground water problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T23:37:43.02624","indexId":"ofr649","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-9","title":"Preliminary report on tests of the application of geophysical methods to Arctic ground water problems","docAbstract":"

Seismic refraction and electrical resistivity surveys were made during the summer and fall of 1952 in the Tanana Valley near Fairbanks, Alaska, as part of the studies of the application of geophysical techniques to ground-water problems in Alaska instigated in 1951 by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Laboratories. Work centered around the highway junctions at Fairbanks, Big Delta, and Tok. It was found that both survey methods defined the horizontal extent of the frozen ground and both were capable of determining the depth to the top of the permafrost but neither regularly yielded reliable information on the material beneath the top of the permafrost. The greatest need at present is for a thorough examination of data obtained in the field seasons of 1948 and 1952. Two fundamental theoretical investigations are desirable: (1) examination of the attenuation of longitudinal waves traveling through a thin layer, and (2) further development of the theoretical multilayer resistivity interpretation of problems in which the second layer has a very high resistivity. Further field work should include: (1) tests of the U.S. Geological Survey's new shallow-reflection seismograph; (2) a brief test of electromagnetic equipment; (3) additional resistivity measurements with commutated current; and (4) both seismic and resistivity measurements in areas where the bedrock possesses different physical properties from the schist usually found in interior Alaska. It is doubtful that geophysical techniques are sufficiently developed to be valuable for use by Army personnel in prospecting for ground water in areas of thick permafrost.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr649","collaboration":"Prepared in 1954 in cooperation with U.S. Department of the Army, Engineer Research and Development Laboratories","usgsCitation":"Barnes, D., and MacCarthy, G.R., 1964, Preliminary report on tests of the application of geophysical methods to Arctic ground water problems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-9, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr649.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422762,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0009/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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David F.","contributorId":72787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"David F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacCarthy, Gerald R.","contributorId":30624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCarthy","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57732,"text":"ofr64169 - 1964 - Ground-water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma, 1961-62","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:34:27","indexId":"ofr64169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-169","title":"Ground-water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma, 1961-62","docAbstract":"

The investigation of the ground-water resources of Oklahoma by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board includes a continuing program to collect records of water levels in selected observation wells on a systematic basis. These water-level records: (1) provide an index to available ground-water supplies; (2) facilitate the prediction of trends in water levels that will indicate likely changes in storage; (3) aid in the prediction of the base flow of streams; (4) provide information for use in basic research; (5) provide long-term continuous records of fluctuations of water levels in representative wells; and (6) serve as a framework to which other types of hydrologic data may be related.

Prior to 1956, measurements of water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma were included in water-supply papers published annually by the U. S. Geological Survey (table 1). Beginning with the 1956 calendar year, however, Geological Survey water-level reports will contain only records of a selected network of observation wells, and will be published at 5-year intervals. The first of this series, for the 1956-59 period, was published in 1962.

This report has been prepared primarily to present water-level records of wells not included in the Federal network. However, for the sake of completeness it includes water-level records of Federal wells that either have been or will be published in Water-Supply Papers since 1955. This report, which contains water-level records for the 2-year period (1961-62), is the second of a series presenting water-level records for all permanent observation wells in Oklahoma. The first report, published in 1963, contains water-level records for the 5-year period (1956-60).

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, P.R.","contributorId":102068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moeller, M.D.","contributorId":76008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moeller","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":62003,"text":"mr38 - 1964 - Placer gold occurrences in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-09T13:28:20.950341","indexId":"mr38","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":324,"text":"Mineral Investigations Resource Map","code":"MR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"38","title":"Placer gold occurrences in Alaska","docAbstract":"

The following references give data on localities of placer gold by quadrangle and are keyed by number within each quadrangle to locations shown on map. The quadrangle boundaries and names used on the map are those selected by the U. S. Geological Survey for topographic mapping in Alaska on a scale of 1:250,000. The references cited for each group of localities are the most complete or most recent descriptions as of December 31, 1960.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mr38","usgsCitation":"Cobb, E.H., 1964, Placer gold occurrences in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Resource Map 38, Report: 15 p.; 1 Plate: 48.05 x 38.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mr38.","productDescription":"Report: 15 p.; 1 Plate: 48.05 x 38.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485627,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/38/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":111430,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/21761","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":180651,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/38/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":260448,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/38/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":485486,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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1964"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-12T18:21:42.897614","indexId":"ofr6431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-31","title":"Suggested exploration target in west-central Maine","docAbstract":"

Reconnaissance geochemical drainage surveys have located a stream in the southern part of the Long Pond quadrangle in Somerset County, Maine, where the active stream sediment contains as much as 2,500 parts per million (ppm) lead and 7,000 ppm zinc. Although this anomaly has been known for some time, its apparent significance has recently increased. Reappraisal of the anomalous pattern in the light of a large quantity of geochemical data obtained by a regional geochemical mapping program during the past two years has shown that this lead anomaly is by far the strongest one yet found by the Geological Survey in Maine. Galena-and pyrite-bearing quartz veins are present in the drainage basin of this stream, but the exposed veins are not believed to contain enough lead to be the principal cause of the geochemical anomaly. Accordingly, the drainage basin of this stream is believed to be above average in mineral potential.

The anomalous stream, here named Pyrite Creek for convenience, is the northeastern branch of a major tributary to Bean Brook.

Figure 1 presents the data of the detailed geochemical survey along Pyrite Creek, reconnaissance geochemical data in the surrounding area, and the approximate distribution of the major rock types.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Canney, Frank Cogswell","contributorId":70776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canney","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Cogswell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, Edwin Van Horn","contributorId":22306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"Van Horn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13858,"text":"ofr6463 - 1964 - Distribution of mercury, silver, tellurium, arsenic, and antimony in the Rowe Canyon area, White Pine County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-18T13:31:58.592679","indexId":"ofr6463","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-63","title":"Distribution of mercury, silver, tellurium, arsenic, and antimony in the Rowe Canyon area, White Pine County, Nevada","docAbstract":"

The accompanying geochemical maps are based in part on data published in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-E, Article 180 (Brokaw and others, 1963), and in part on new data acquired since the publication of Professional Paper 450-E. The mercury was determined by atomic absorption techniques, as described by Vaughn and McCarthy (1964), the silver by standard emission spectrographic techniques, and the tellurium, arsenic, and antimony by wet chemical methods.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6463","usgsCitation":"Gott, G.B., and McCarthy, J.H., 1964, Distribution of mercury, silver, tellurium, arsenic, and antimony in the Rowe Canyon area, White Pine County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-63, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6463.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490822,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0063/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"White Pine County","otherGeospatial":"Rowe 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Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-24T16:41:24.498663","indexId":"ofr65109","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"65-109","title":"Materials tests data, Franklin, Webster, and Nuckolls Counties, Nebraska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr65109","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.D., Van Horn, R., Dobrovolny, E., and Buck, L., 1964, Materials tests data, Franklin, Webster, and Nuckolls Counties, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 65-109, Report: 6 p.; 3 Tables: 23.99 x 41.35 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr65109.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; 3 Tables: 23.99 x 41.35 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":491198,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1965/0109/Table-2.pdf","text":"Table 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":491199,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1965/0109/Table-3.pdf","text":"Table 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":491197,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1965/0109/Table-1.pdf","text":"Table 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L.P.","contributorId":51306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":16451,"text":"ofr64161 - 1964 - Seismic refraction survey in the Great Miami River Valley and vicinity, Montgomery, Warren, and Butler Counties, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T16:32:53.565544","indexId":"ofr64161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-161","title":"Seismic refraction survey in the Great Miami River Valley and vicinity, Montgomery, Warren, and Butler Counties, Ohio","docAbstract":"

As part of a continuing program to define the thickness and extent of water-bearing sand and gravel deposits in southwestern Ohio, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Ohio Division of Water and The Miami Conservancy District, completed a seismic refraction survey of the Great Miami River valley and adjacent areas between Dayton and Hamilton, Ohio, in the fall of 1963. A similar survey of the adjoining lower Great Miami River and Whitewater River valleys was completed in 1962 (Watkins, 1963; Spieker and Watkins, unpublished data).

The area of the survey includes known or inferred portions of an interglacial drainage system which is deeply entrenched into bedrock. Ohio was covered by glaciers at least three times during the Pleistocene epoch. As each glacier melted, rock fragments absorbed by the glacier were transported and deposited in these buried valleys by torrents of meltwater. The total thickness of glacial drift is over 300 feet in some places.

Much of the glacial material is highly permeable and saturated with large quantities of water of good quality. The underlying bedrock is virtually impermeable and yields only meager quantities of water. The cities of Dayton, Middletown, Hamilton, and many industries in the Miami River valley rely on wells in the glacial deposits as their principal source of water. The purpose of the present survey is to define the thickness and extent of these important water-bearing formations. Such information will make possible a more accurate evaluation of the area's water resources than has previously have been possible.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","doi":"10.3133/ofr64161","usgsCitation":"Watkins, J.S., and Spieker, A.M., 1964, Seismic refraction survey in the Great Miami River Valley and vicinity, Montgomery, Warren, and Butler Counties, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-161, Report: iii, 6 p.; 3 Figures: 20.02 x 26.16 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64161.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 6 p.; 3 Figures: 20.02 x 26.16 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330795,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0161/figure-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":330794,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0161/figure-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":330793,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0161/figure-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":330792,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":492836,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8056.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Butler County, Montgomery County, Warren County","otherGeospatial":"Great Miami River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.3529,39.2916],[-84.3881,39.2969],[-84.4292,39.2981],[-84.4358,39.2994],[-84.4644,39.3026],[-84.4834,39.3009],[-84.5049,39.306],[-84.5239,39.303],[-84.5633,39.3082],[-84.599,39.3085],[-84.6306,39.3121],[-84.6376,39.3092],[-84.6417,39.3051],[-84.7029,39.3049],[-84.8191,39.3056],[-84.8186,39.3531],[-84.8181,39.3673],[-84.8166,39.4134],[-84.8159,39.4692],[-84.8154,39.5218],[-84.8154,39.5296],[-84.815,39.5677],[-84.7026,39.5675],[-84.591,39.5676],[-84.4788,39.5685],[-84.4788,39.5898],[-84.4806,39.6573],[-84.4818,39.7448],[-84.4836,39.8305],[-84.4854,39.9184],[-84.4261,39.9193],[-84.3691,39.9207],[-84.3008,39.9217],[-84.2558,39.9218],[-84.1629,39.9226],[-84.1646,39.895],[-84.1656,39.8859],[-84.051,39.8801],[-84.0539,39.8501],[-84.055,39.8424],[-84.0554,39.8361],[-84.0602,39.8365],[-84.0926,39.8379],[-84.097,39.7938],[-84.0989,39.7725],[-84.0994,39.7657],[-84.1052,39.7039],[-84.1119,39.6282],[-84.1118,39.6263],[-84.1094,39.6259],[-84.1137,39.5778],[-84.03,39.5725],[-83.9769,39.5691],[-83.9798,39.5396],[-83.9813,39.5264],[-83.9818,39.5187],[-83.9838,39.5001],[-84.0004,39.3249],[-84.0067,39.2554],[-84.2602,39.2703],[-84.2573,39.2735],[-84.2574,39.2775],[-84.2604,39.2789],[-84.2652,39.2802],[-84.2659,39.2829],[-84.2624,39.2883],[-84.3339,39.2932],[-84.3529,39.2916]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Butler\",\"state\":\"OH\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watkins, Joel S.","contributorId":10788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spieker, Andrew M.","contributorId":41492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spieker","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12674,"text":"ofr6413 - 1964 - Reconnaissance geochemistry of stream sediments from three areas near Juneau, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T20:19:32.865407","indexId":"ofr6413","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-13","title":"Reconnaissance geochemistry of stream sediments from three areas near Juneau, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Results of a preliminary inquiry into background metal content of stream sediments near Juneau, Alaska, and whether this background is related to geologic terrane indicate that stream sediments derived chiefly from metamorphic rocks show significantly higher modal nickel, zinc, and arsenic than do sediments derived mainly from sedimentary or igneous rocks. Metal-content data that are closely related to areal geology will be required before systematic geochemical prospecting by stream-sediment sampling in southeast Alaska will be very effective.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6413","usgsCitation":"Berg, H., 1964, Reconnaissance geochemistry of stream sediments from three areas near Juneau, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-13, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6413.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423814,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0013/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Juneau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.772259154342,\n 58.50149487777199\n ],\n [\n -134.772259154342,\n 58.17857516496329\n ],\n [\n -134.00321618559198,\n 58.17857516496329\n ],\n [\n -134.00321618559198,\n 58.50149487777199\n ],\n [\n -134.772259154342,\n 58.50149487777199\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643ba1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berg, Henry C.","contributorId":73176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Henry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16256,"text":"ofr64151 - 1964 - Magnetic properties of Pd, Pd-H and Pd-D from 300 degrees K to 4.2 degrees K","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-05T20:04:29.494955","indexId":"ofr64151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-151","title":"Magnetic properties of Pd, Pd-H and Pd-D from 300 degrees K to 4.2 degrees K","docAbstract":"

The magnetic properties of many substances first studied seriously by Faraday have played an important role in our modern technology. In particular, the magnetic properties of the transition elements are of great importance in the understanding of the electronic band form of these elements. Once the electronic band form is known, many of the physical properties may be predicted. Although many investigations have been made of the magnetic properties of palladium, no recent measurements have been reported at temperatures lower than 20° K.

There is some discrepancy between the earlier work of Onnes and Oosterhuis (1913, 1914) and the later work of Hoare and Matthews (1952). There is reason to believe that the later work is correct because of the purity of the samples, but the data indicate a necessity for measurements at temperatures below 20° K.

Palladium adsorbs enormous amounts of hydrogen and a study of this effect could lead to information which would be valuable in the interpretation of the magnetic properties of palladium. The magnetic susceptibility of hydrogenized palladium was studied first by Graham (1869). Since that time it has been shown by Svensson (1953) that the susceptibility of palladium diminishes linearly with increasing hydrogen content and finally reaches a value just below zero for a H/pd volume ratio of 800/1. This same effect was shown to occur by Sieverts and Danz (1937) when deuterium is substituted for hydrogen. Recently, Wucher (1952) has made a study of the variation of the susceptibility of hydrogenized palladium with temperature from -98.6° C to 16.3° C. However, later measurements of the resistivity and thermoelectric power of hydrogenized palladium by Schindler and Smith (1979) indicate that there might be a magnetic anomaly in hydrogenized palladium at 40° K.

The purpose of this work is to extend the previous measurements down to 4.2° K, but measurements will be made on desorbed as well as adsorbed samples of hydrogenized and deuterized palladium. The results on the desorbed samples turned out to be quite interesting and suggest further experiments.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr64151","usgsCitation":"Thorpe, A.N., 1964, Magnetic properties of Pd, Pd-H and Pd-D from 300 degrees K to 4.2 degrees K: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-151, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64151.","productDescription":"56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0151/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":432173,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649328","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorpe, Arthur N.","contributorId":52591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorpe","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70106994,"text":"70106994 - 1964 - Surface water records of Indiana, 1964","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T06:05:17","indexId":"70106994","displayToPublicDate":"1965-01-01T13:50:14","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Surface water records of Indiana, 1964","docAbstract":"

The surface-water records for the 1964 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, under the direction of Malcolm D. Hale, district engineer, Surface Water Branch.

\n
\n

This report marks the beginning of a new method of presenting, annually, basic data on surface-water records by States. Through September 30, 1960, the records of discharge and stage of streams and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.\" Since 1951 there have been 20 volumes in the series; each volume covered an area whose boundaries coincided with those of certain natural drainage areas. The records in Indiana were contained in Parts 3A, 4 and 5 of that series.

\n
\n

Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data will be released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Distribution of these basic-data reports will be limited and primarily for local needs. The records later will be published in Geological Survey water-supply papers at 5-year intervals. These 5-year water-supply papers will show daily discharge and will be compiled on the same geographical areas previously used for the annual series; however, some of the 14 parts of coterminous United States will be further subdivided.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/70106994","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources Commission; State Department of Conservation, Division of Water Resources; State Highway Commission; State Board of Health; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1964, Surface water records of Indiana, 1964, vii, 208 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70106994.","productDescription":"vii, 208 p.","numberOfPages":"218","temporalStart":"1963-10-01","temporalEnd":"1964-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287925,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70106994/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b2808e4b0929ba496abc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207229,"text":"70207229 - 1964 - Late quaternary sea-level change and crustal rise at Boston, Massachusetts, with notes on the autocompaction of peat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-12T13:54:19","indexId":"70207229","displayToPublicDate":"1964-12-31T13:44:18","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late quaternary sea-level change and crustal rise at Boston, Massachusetts, with notes on the autocompaction of peat","docAbstract":"

The compression of peat beneath its own weight (autocompaction) is discussed, and it is shown that because of this process radiocarbondated samples of salt-marsh peat or peaty sediment, other than very thin samples cut from the base of the deposit, cannot be correlated with sea level without construction of a sea-level change curve from other types of data. With rising sea level there is a maximum thickness of salt-marsh peat for any given productivity of marsh grass. Because of this limitation, most marshes older than about 5500 years B.P. have been drowned. An important effect of peat autocompaction is the intrusion of wood into older peat horizons and the juxtaposition of wood of different ages. Wood, therefore, should be avoided in the dating of peat profiles. The roots of salt-marsh plants generally descend a foot or more beneath the rhizomes, contaminating older horizons insofar as radiocarbon dating is concerned. This contamination tends to make dates from marsh samples err on the young side. Sixteen radiocarbon dates from the Boston area are used to construct a sea-level curve going back to 14,000 years B.P. Relative sea level was at +60 feet or higher 14,000 years B.P., dropping sharply to approximately -70 feet about 10,000 years B.P. From a low of -70 feet, sea level rose steadily to about -2 feet approximately 3000 years B.P. Since then sea level appears to have kept close to its present level, probably fluctuating about a foot during the course of the stillstand. A crustal movement curve, based on the relative sea-level curve for Boston and the eustatic curve, indicates that about 290 feet of crustal rise occurred between 14,000-6000 years B.P., with a maximum rate of uplift of about 0.2 foot per year at 12,750 years B.P., and that from 6000 to 3000 years B.P., crustal subsidence occurred at Boston. © 1964, The Geological Society of America, Inc.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[63:LQSCAC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Kaye, C.A., and Barghoorn, E., 1964, Late quaternary sea-level change and crustal rise at Boston, Massachusetts, with notes on the autocompaction of peat: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 75, no. 2, p. 63-80, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[63:LQSCAC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"63","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","city":"Boston ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 42.23665188032057\n ],\n [\n -70.740966796875,\n 42.23665188032057\n ],\n [\n -70.740966796875,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 42.23665188032057\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaye, C. A.","contributorId":6003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaye","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barghoorn, E.S.","contributorId":105052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barghoorn","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010834,"text":"70010834 - 1964 - Distribution of narrow-width magnetic anomalies in Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-13T16:08:41.894003","indexId":"70010834","displayToPublicDate":"1964-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of narrow-width magnetic anomalies in Antarctica","docAbstract":"Data for aeromagnetic profiles obtained in Antarctica during the 1963-64 austral summer were used together with earlier results to construct a map showing the areal distribution of narrow-width magnetic anomalies. Numerous anomalies are associated with known volcanic mountains in western Antarctica. A large area of few anomalies is probably a result of an extension of the thick metasedimentary section observed in the Ellsworth Mountains. Portions of the Trans-Antarctic Mountains have associated anomalies which are probably caused by late Cenozoic volcanic rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.144.3621.993","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., 1964, Distribution of narrow-width magnetic anomalies in Antarctica: Science, v. 144, no. 3621, p. 993-999, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.144.3621.993.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"993","endPage":"999","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.85785973188521,\n -76.00429262784503\n ],\n [\n -85.85785973188521,\n -80.31176682978996\n ],\n [\n -79.58844408830257,\n -80.31176682978996\n ],\n [\n -79.58844408830257,\n -76.00429262784503\n ],\n [\n -85.85785973188521,\n -76.00429262784503\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3621","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02e7e4b0c8380cd50259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":359753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70205243,"text":"70205243 - 1964 - Some Middle Eocene, Lower Eocene, and Paleocene foraminiferal faunas from west Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-16T16:44:05.775684","indexId":"70205243","displayToPublicDate":"1964-04-10T10:07:28","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":19853,"text":"Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some Middle Eocene, Lower Eocene, and Paleocene foraminiferal faunas from west Florida","docAbstract":"

This discussion of the lithology and microfauna of the clastic facies of the Ecocene and Paleocene rocks of Florida is based mainly on data obtained from the study of many cores taken in the Oil City corporation Walton Land and Timber Co. well 1, Walton County, Fla. Although the fauna of the middle Eocene rocks in western Florida is composed mainly of species that have been reported from rocks of equivalent age in the western Gulf Coast, its distinctive species, and poor representation of a few species that are diagnostic in the western area. The assemblages of small Foraminifera in the lower Eocene rocks are composed, mainly, of specimens of species that have been described  from outcrops of the Wilcox Group in Alabama. The microfauna of the clastic facies of the Paleocene in western Florida is informally called the \"Tamesi' Fauna\" in this report. This Fauna is particularly important because it contains abundant Glorotalia velasconesis, a diagnostic species of the Velasco (Paleocene) Formation of Mexico, is also diagnostic of the \"Tamesi fauna.\" On the basis of the environmental preference of Recent analogous pelagic forms, the preferential environment of the containing sediments, it is inferred that the \"Tamesi fauna\" developed in a subtropical, open sea environment.  

The Effect of the temperature, salinity, bathymetry, and associated factors on the distribution of Recent pelagic species of Foraminifera has been discussed by several authors. Similar controls were probably effective during Paleocene time. The presence of certain species of pelagic Foraminifera in one Paleocene unit, and their absences in another, is therefore not necessarily an index to the relative position of the units in the vertical time sequence. The stratigraphic distribution of the benthonic species of the \"Tamesi Fauna\" in western Florida is usually accord with their stratigraphic distribution in the Paleocene beds in other parts of the Gulf coast. Consequently, on the basis of the foregoing enviromental and distributive data, it is suggested that the \"Tamesi Fauna\" of the clasttic lithofacies of the Paleocene in western Florida respresents an interval of geologic time that is equivalent to the represented by the Clayton, Porters Creek, and Naheola formations of Alqabama and Correlative stratigraphic units in other parts of the Gulf region. It is believed that the outer neritic Paleocene sediments of west Florida grade northward into the inner-neritic Paleocene sediments that crop out in Alabama. Fifty seven species of Foraminifera that are characteristic of the cored Paleocene section in the Walton well, and recorded from 37 other wells distributed across northwestern Florida and southern Georgia, are discussed and figured. Two species are describes as new: Epoides libertyensis and Cibicides libertyensis.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research","issn":"0011-409X","usgsCitation":"Applin, E., 1964, Some Middle Eocene, Lower Eocene, and Paleocene foraminiferal faunas from west Florida: Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, v. 15, no. 2, p. 45-72.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"72","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 24.206889622398023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Applin, Esther English Richards","contributorId":10794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applin","given":"Esther English Richards","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221183,"text":"70221183 - 1964 - Relation of temperature distribution to ground-water movement in carbonate rocks of central Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T17:34:58.608687","indexId":"70221183","displayToPublicDate":"1964-03-01T12:31:10","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of temperature distribution to ground-water movement in carbonate rocks of central Israel","docAbstract":"

The Cenomanian-Turonian formations of central Israel constitute a highly permeable dolomite and limestone aquifer. In this area it is on the west limb of an anticlinorium that trends north-northeast, and it contains water under artesian pressure. A graph of water temperatures and well depths suggests that there is a very small vertical temperature gradient in local segments of the aquifer. The small gradient is believed to result from a large vertical component of flow that tends to equalize the vertical temperature distribution. On a regional scale the apparent horizontal temperature distribution indicates a westward increase with increasing depth of the aquifer, suggesting a manifestation of the regional geothermal gradient. The westward increase in temperature also implies that the lateral component of flow may be in the normal range for artesian carbonate-rock aquifers whose pores consist mainly of solution cavities. Locally, pumping appears to have affected the temperature distribution by modifying the natural flow pattern. In parts of the most intensively developed area, the aquifer is hydraulically connected with overlying coastal-plain deposits, and some cooler water has been induced to move into the aquifer from this source. At three other areas, pumping has resulted in an apparent horizontal shift of the isotherms on a temperature-distribution map. The data suggest that the spatial distribution of temperature may be used to determine some of the flow characteristics of carbonate-rock aquifers.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[209:ROTDTG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schneider, R., 1964, Relation of temperature distribution to ground-water movement in carbonate rocks of central Israel: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 75, no. 3, p. 209-216, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[209:ROTDTG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"216","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.57373046875,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n 35.430908203125,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n 35.13427734375,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n 34.1455078125,\n 31.372399104880525\n ],\n [\n 34.9365234375,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n 35.595703125,\n 32.13840869677249\n ],\n [\n 35.57373046875,\n 33.284619968887675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":878,"text":"878 - 1964 - Water resources data for Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T16:13:40","indexId":"878","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T16:12:07","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.3133/878","issn":"0276-1319","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Virginia and other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1964, Water resources data for Virginia, https://doi.org/10.3133/878.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.6754,36.5408 ], [ -83.6754,39.466 ], [ -75.2422,39.466 ], [ -75.2422,36.5408 ], [ -83.6754,36.5408 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1eff2e4b0fe532be2df6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":836,"text":"836 - 1964 - Water resources data for Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T15:21:02","indexId":"836","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T15:19:53","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/836","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Arizona and other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1964, Water resources data for Arizona, https://doi.org/10.3133/836.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1efe1e4b0fe532be2dea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221133,"text":"70221133 - 1964 - Hydrologic factors pertinent to ground‐water contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T18:50:54.556763","indexId":"70221133","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T13:47:53","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic factors pertinent to ground‐water contamination","docAbstract":"

Predictions of where and how a fluid waste may travel from disposal site to the water table require detailed information on the physical characteristics, location, and extent of all pervious and impervious materials in the unsaturated zone. Principles concerning the flow system in the unsaturated zone indicate the importance of choice of disposal technique in predicting the time required for the fluid waste to traverse the distance to the water table. With appropriate data on the location, extent, and physical properties of water‐bearing materials and on the boundaries of the saturated zone flow system, it is possible to analyze the relative merits of a variety of waste disposal techniques and to describe the probable consequences of each. Environments of consolidated rocks, such as granites, sandstones, and limestones, pose problems in addition to those related to unconsolidated or granular porous media in defining the fluid‐flow regimes that involve joint patterns, fracture patterns, solutional openings, and the rock structure. The consequences of ground‐water contamination can be just as damaging to water users as the pollution of surface streams. In fact it can be argued that the consequences are far more damaging because they persist over much longer periods of time after the contaminating source has been eliminated. It would appear prudent, therefore, to guard against contamination of the ground‐water resource in the first instance, rather than to engage in long expensive rehabilitation measures after the damage has been done. In 1960 Graham Walton presented data concerning contamination, by sewage or other man‐made wastes, of surface and underground waters. The circumstances attending the reported incidents of contamination, especially those involving ground‐water supplies, have aided materially in the choice of a few principles and ideas that will identify the role of some significant hydrologic factors in the underground movement of fluid wastes. Walton's discussion of ground‐water contamination refers often to physical settings into which fluid wastes are discharged at or near the land surface into cesspools, tile‐drain fields, and holding ponds. Furthermore, most reported instances of ground‐water contamination have taken place in relatively humid. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01739.x","usgsCitation":"Brown, R., 1964, Hydrologic factors pertinent to ground‐water contamination: Groundwater, v. 2, no. 1, p. 5-12, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01739.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221132,"text":"70221132 - 1964 - Hydrologic factors pertinent to ground‐water contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T12:04:08.414151","indexId":"70221132","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T13:47:53","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic factors pertinent to ground‐water contamination","docAbstract":"

Predictions of where and how a fluid waste may travel from disposal site to the water table require detailed information on the physical characteristics, location, and extent of all pervious and impervious materials in the unsaturated zone. Principles concerning the flow system in the unsaturated zone indicate the importance of choice of disposal technique in predicting the time required for the fluid waste to traverse the distance to the water table. With appropriate data on the location, extent, and physical properties of water‐bearing materials and on the boundaries of the saturated zone flow system, it is possible to analyze the relative merits of a variety of waste disposal techniques and to describe the probable consequences of each. Environments of consolidated rocks, such as granites, sandstones, and limestones, pose problems in addition to those related to unconsolidated or granular porous media in defining the fluid‐flow regimes that involve joint patterns, fracture patterns, solutional openings, and the rock structure. The consequences of ground‐water contamination can be just as damaging to water users as the pollution of surface streams. In fact it can be argued that the consequences are far more damaging because they persist over much longer periods of time after the contaminating source has been eliminated. It would appear prudent, therefore, to guard against contamination of the ground‐water resource in the first instance, rather than to engage in long expensive rehabilitation measures after the damage has been done. In 1960 Graham Walton presented data concerning contamination, by sewage or other man‐made wastes, of surface and underground waters. The circumstances attending the reported incidents of contamination, especially those involving ground‐water supplies, have aided materially in the choice of a few principles and ideas that will identify the role of some significant hydrologic factors in the underground movement of fluid wastes. Walton's discussion of ground‐water contamination refers often to physical settings into which fluid wastes are discharged at or near the land surface into cesspools, tile‐drain fields, and holding ponds. Furthermore, most reported instances of ground‐water contamination have taken place in relatively humid. 

","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA The Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01739.x","usgsCitation":"Brown, R., 1964, Hydrologic factors pertinent to ground‐water contamination: Groundwater, v. 2, no. 1, p. 5-12, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01739.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":846,"text":"846 - 1964 - Water resources data for Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T13:21:31","indexId":"846","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T13:20:04","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Indiana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/846","issn":"0364-4340","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Indiana and other State and Federal agencies.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1964, Water resources data for Indiana, https://doi.org/10.3133/846.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1efe4e4b0fe532be2dec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":849,"text":"849 - 1964 - Water resources data for Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T13:04:37","indexId":"849","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T13:03:30","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Kentucky","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Louisville, KY","doi":"10.3133/849","issn":"0364-4081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Kentucky, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey, and with other state and federal agencies.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1964, Water resources data for Kentucky, https://doi.org/10.3133/849.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.5693,36.4972 ], [ -89.5693,39.1475 ], [ -81.965,39.1475 ], [ -81.965,36.4972 ], [ -89.5693,36.4972 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1efe5e4b0fe532be2decd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":855,"text":"855 - 1964 - Water resources data for Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T12:44:09","indexId":"855","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T12:42:38","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Michigan","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/855","issn":"0364-4375","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan and other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1964, Water resources data for Michigan, https://doi.org/10.3133/855.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.42,41.7 ], [ -90.42,48.2 ], [ -82.41,48.2 ], [ -82.41,41.7 ], [ -90.42,41.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1efe8e4b0fe532be2deee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}