Monogamy is the primary mating system among waterfowl, but extra-pair copulations (EPCs) have been documented in at least 39 species (McKinney et al. 1983). Extra-pair copulations occur in most Holarctic species of dabbling ducks (Anas spp.), but have been recorded in only three species of geese: Lesser Snow Geese, Chen caerulescens caerulescens (Mineau and Cooke 1979a), Ross’ Geese, C. rossii (J. Ryder in McKinney et al. 1984), and Greater White-fronted Geese, Anser albifrons frontalis (C.R. Ely, pers. comm.).
In colonial Lesser Snow Geese, the close proximity of nesting conspecifics may enable males to pursue EPCs as a secondary reproductive strategy (Mineau and Cooke, 1979a, 1979b). Copulatory behavior of other geese has not been studied in sufficient detail to permit comparison with Lesser Sone Geese. Here we report on timing and rates of pair copulations (PCs) and EPCs, and describe behaviors associated with EPCs in colonially nesting Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans).
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1368407","usgsCitation":"Welsh, D., and Sedinger, J.S., 1990, Extra-pair copulations in Black Brant: The Condor, v. 92, no. 1, p. 242-244, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368407.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b9e4b025c46429afee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Daniel","contributorId":181869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welsh","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85625,"text":"85625 - 1990 - Mass-marking of otoliths of lake trout sac fry by temperature manipulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:06","indexId":"85625","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mass-marking of otoliths of lake trout sac fry by temperature manipulation","docAbstract":"\r\n The otoliths of 676,000 sac fry of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in 1986, and of \r\n1,100,000 in 1987, were marked by daily manipulation of water temperature. The fish were stocked into Lake Huron in the spring. Otolith marks consisted of groups of daily growth rings accentuated into recognizable patterns by steadily raising and lowering the temperature about IOA?C (from a base of 1-4A?C) over 14h. In 1987, groups of marked and control fish were held for 6 months. The otoliths were removed from samples of the fish, embedded in epoxy, thin-sectioned by grinding in the sagittal plane, etched, and viewed by using a combination of a compound microscope (400-1000x) and a video enhancement system. One or more readable otolith sections were obtained from 39 of a sample of 40 fish. Three independent readers examined 41 otoliths for marks and correctly classified the otoliths, with accuracies of 85, 98,and 100%, as being from marked or unmarked fish. The exact number of rings in a recognizable pattern sometimes differed from the number of temperature cycles to which the fish were exposed. Counts of daily rings within groups of six rings varied less than counts within groups of three rings.\r\n","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish-marking techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Bergstedt, R., Eshenroder, R., Bowen, C., Seelye, J., and Locke, J., 1990, Mass-marking of otoliths of lake trout sac fry by temperature manipulation, chap. of Fish-marking techniques, 216-223.","productDescription":"216-223","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a9c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504585,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giorgi, A.E.","contributorId":113673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgi","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heidenger, R.C.","contributorId":112019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidenger","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504587,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jester, D. B. Jr.","contributorId":111926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jester","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504586,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prince, E.D.","contributorId":112411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504588,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winans, G.A.","contributorId":113084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winans","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504589,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Bergstedt, R.A.","contributorId":74330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eshenroder, R.L.","contributorId":62542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshenroder","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, C.","contributorId":95007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Locke, J.C.","contributorId":8038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1014592,"text":"1014592 - 1990 - Measurements of the abilities of cultured fishes to moisturize their digesta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T16:58:15","indexId":"1014592","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5295,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurements of the abilities of cultured fishes to moisturize their digesta","docAbstract":"1. Four salmonid and four cool-water fish species were tested to determine their ability to moisturize their digesta.
2. After the fish were fed, they were sacrificed, the gut contents were removed and water content was determined.
3. The digesta of the salmonids contained the least water (63–72%) and those of largemouth bass the most (78%).
4. We conclude that there are distinct and significant differences between species and genera in the ability of fish to moisturize their digesta. The potential significance of this finding is discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0300-9629(90)90049-X","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., and Barrows, R., 1990, Measurements of the abilities of cultured fishes to moisturize their digesta: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Physiology, v. 96, no. 1, p. 109-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(90)90049-X.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db61132c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrows, R.","contributorId":35271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007566,"text":"1007566 - 1990 - Growth and equilibrium in sea otter populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T16:16:22.270247","indexId":"1007566","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and equilibrium in sea otter populations","docAbstract":"(1) Counts through time were compiled for five sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations in the north-east Pacific Ocean that were below equilibrium density: Attu Island, south-east Alaska, British Columbia, Washington State, and central California. Similar data were obtained from the equilibrium density population at Amchitka Island in 1971 and 1986.
(2) Shorelines of Attu and Amchitka islands each were divided into forty-five segments, within which lineal (length of shore at mean higher high water) and areal (mean higher high water to the 10-fathom (18.3-m) depth contour) measures were made of the amount of habitat.
(3) Rate of increase for the four northern populations was 17-20% year-1. Density- or size-dependent changes in rate of increase could not be demonstrated for any of these populations. The California population, in contrast, has undergone three apparent growth phases: the early 1900s to the mid-1970s when it increased about 5% year-1; the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s when it declined about 5% year-1; and the mid-1980s to 1988 when it increased about 7% year-1. An exponential growth model accounted for 92-98% of the variation in counts through time in all cases.
(4) Population increase at Attu Island was achieved largely by range expansion as opposed to increased density. Range expansion in lineal and areal habitat occurred at 11% and 13% year-1, respectively; neither rate was lower (P > 0.25) than the observed rate of increase in numbers of animals counted.
(5) Despite similarities in island size and physical environment, the most conservative estimates of population density at Amchitka Island were > 3 X greater than maximum density estimates for Attu Island.
(6) Surveys of Amchitka Island from the mid-1930s through the mid-1980s indicate that the population increased to a peak in the 1940s; declined abruptly thereafter; and subsequently increased to a new and higher equilibrium in the 1960s, where it has since remained.
(7) These population data, together with information on sea otter foraging and benthic community structure at Attu and Amchitka islands, suggest that multiple population equilibria exist in this system, emanating from complex trophic interactions low in the food web. I hypothesize that the lower population equilibrium is achieved largely or exclusively on an invertebrate diet consisting principally of herbivorous sea urchins. When unregulated by sea otter predation, the rocky benthos is deforested by sea urchin grazing. As growing otter populations compete increasingly for food, grazing intensity declines and the system shifts to one dominated by kelp beds, in turn leading to increased production, a shift in habitat structure, and population increases of kelp bed fishes. Apparently this new food resource elevates the sea otter population to a higher and more stable equilibrium.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.2307/4870","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., 1990, Growth and equilibrium in sea otter populations: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 59, p. 385-400, https://doi.org/10.2307/4870.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129970,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654b75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015971,"text":"70015971 - 1990 - Hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes of ground and surface waters from two adjacent closed basins, Atacama Desert, northern Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T13:19:57.072795","indexId":"70015971","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes of ground and surface waters from two adjacent closed basins, Atacama Desert, northern Chile","docAbstract":"The geochemistry and stable isotopes of groundwaters, surface waters, and precipitation indicate different sources of some dissolved constituents, but a common source of recharge and other constituents in two adjacent closed basins in the Atacama Desert region of northern Chile (24°15′–24°45′S). Waters from artesian wells, trenches, and ephemeral streams in the Punta Negra Basin are characterized by concentrations of Na>Ca>Mg and Cl≥SO4,with TDS<10 g/l. Values of δD and δ18O for Punta Negra Basin waters follow an evaporitic trend typical of closed basin waters in northern Chile and elsewhere. In contrast, ground waters in the Hamburgo Basin, located about 25 km NW of the Punta Negra Basin, have concentrations of Na > Mg≥Ca and SO4 >Cl, with TDS also <10 g/l. Aqueous speciation calculations indicate that Hamburgo Basin groundwaters are close to saturation with respect to gypsum. The relatively high SO4 and low Ca in Hamburgo Basin waters result from SO4 influx and subsequent gypsum precipitation related to weathering at La Escondida, a large porphyry copper deposit located near to the center of the basin. Deep mine waters from 130 m below the water table at La Escondida also have Na>Mg≥Ca and SO4 >Cl, but with TDS up to 40 g/l. The deep mine waters have pH between 3.2 and 3.9, and are high in dissolved CO2 (δ13C= −4.8%PDB), indicating probable interaction with oxidizing sulfides. The deep mine waters have δ18O values of ≈−1.8%.compared with values < −3.5‰ for other Hamburgo Basin waters; thus the mine waters may represent a mixture of meteoric waters with deeper “metamorphic” waters, which had interacted with rocks and exchanged oxygen isotopes at elevated temperatures. Alternatively, the deep mine waters may represent fossil meteoric waters which evolved isotopically along an evaporative trend starting from values quite depleted in δ18O and °Dd relative to either precipitation or shallow groundwaters. High I/Br ratios in the Hamburgo Basin waters and La Escondida mine waters are consistent with regionally high I in surficial deposits in the Atacama Desert region and may represent dissolution of a wind-blown evaporite component.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(90)90067-F","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., and Whittemore, D.O., 1990, Hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes of ground and surface waters from two adjacent closed basins, Atacama Desert, northern Chile: Applied Geochemistry, v. 5, no. 5-6, p. 719-734, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90067-F.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"734","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223442,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Atacama Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.66856557962502,\n -17.9947891130375\n ],\n [\n -71.66856557962502,\n -29.545242026483983\n ],\n [\n -66.57307328474353,\n -29.545242026483983\n ],\n [\n -66.57307328474353,\n -17.9947891130375\n ],\n [\n -71.66856557962502,\n -17.9947891130375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3365e4b0c8380cd5ef7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138193,"text":"70138193 - 1990 - Origin of Florida Canyon and the role of spring sapping on the formation of submarine box canyons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-28T10:35:58","indexId":"70138193","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of Florida Canyon and the role of spring sapping on the formation of submarine box canyons","docAbstract":"Florida Canyon, one of a series of major submarine canyons on the southwestern edge of the Florida Platform, was surveyed using GLORIA, SeaBeam, and Deep-Tow technologies, and it was directly observed during three DSRV Alvin dives. Florida Canyon exhibits two distinct morphologies: a broad V-shaped upper canyon and a deeply entrenched, flat-floored, U-shaped lower canyon. The flat- floored lower canyon extends 20 km into the Florida Platform from the abyssal Gulf. The lower canyon ends abruptly at an ∼3 km in diameter semicircular headwall that rises 750 m with a >60° slope angle to the foot of the upper canyon. The sides of the lower canyon are less steep than its headwall and are characterized by straight faces that occur along preferred orientations and indicate a strong joint control. The upper canyon is characterized by a gently sloping, straight V-shaped central valley cut into a broad terrace. The flat floor of the upper canyon continues as terraces along the upper walls of the lower canyon. On the flanks of the upper canyon, there are five >50-m-deep, >0.5-km-wide, closed sink-hole-like depressions which indicate subsurface dissolution within the platform. The origin of the lower canyon is difficult to explain with traditional models of submarine canyon formation by external physical processes. The movement of ground water, probably with high salinities and reduced compounds along regional joints, may have focused the corrosive force of submarine spring sapping at the head of the lower canyon to produce the canyon's present shape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0502:OOFCAT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Paull, C.K., Spiess, F.N., Curray, J.R., and Twichell, D.C., 1990, Origin of Florida Canyon and the role of spring sapping on the formation of submarine box canyons: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 102, no. 4, p. 502-515, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0502:OOFCAT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"502","endPage":"515","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Florida Canyon","volume":"102","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c1fe4b08de9379b3641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":538580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spiess, Fred N.","contributorId":16059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiess","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6728,"text":"Scripps Inst Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curray, Joseph R.","contributorId":92424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curray","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6728,"text":"Scripps Inst Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29625,"text":"wri884074 - 1990 - Ground-water quality near a scavenger-waste-disposal facility in Manorville, Suffolk County, New York 1984-85","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T19:28:16.484224","indexId":"wri884074","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4074","title":"Ground-water quality near a scavenger-waste-disposal facility in Manorville, Suffolk County, New York 1984-85","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884074","usgsCitation":"Scorca, M., 1990, Ground-water quality near a scavenger-waste-disposal facility in Manorville, Suffolk County, New York 1984-85: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4074, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884074.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414724,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46994.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Suffolk County","city":"Manorville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.8,\n 40.8361\n ],\n [\n -72.8,\n 40.8069\n ],\n [\n -72.75,\n 40.8069\n ],\n [\n -72.75,\n 40.8361\n ],\n [\n -72.8,\n 40.8361\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scorca, M. P.","contributorId":21997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scorca","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28104,"text":"wri894148 - 1990 - Evaluation of ground-water recharge along the Gila River as a result of the flood of October 1983, in and near the Gila River Indian Reservation, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:50:01.487462","indexId":"wri894148","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4148","title":"Evaluation of ground-water recharge along the Gila River as a result of the flood of October 1983, in and near the Gila River Indian Reservation, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"Flow in the Gila River from the flood of October 1983 infiltrated the stream channel and recharged the groundwater system along the Gila River floodplain from Ashurst-Hayden Dam to the confluence with the Salt River. Changes in groundwater levels from January 1983 to March 1984 confirmed the occurrence of recharge to the groundwater system. The average water level change for 74 wells was +24.2 ft. The water-level rise was greatest in the reach from river mile 15 to river mile 22, where the average water level change for 10 wells was +59.4 ft. The average water level increase for 28 miles from river mile 40 to river mile 71 was +14.2 ft. Estimates of recharge from January 1983 to March 1984 ranged from 440,000 to 640, 000 acre-ft. A water budget method and a water level change method were used to estimate the recharge to the aquifer. At least 46% to 66% of the recharge was the result of streamflow infiltration from the Gila River during October 1983 to February 1984. The increase in aquifer storage was one to two times greater than the quantity of groundwater pumped from the Gila River Indian Reservation during the 10 years preceding the flood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894148","usgsCitation":"Konieczki, A., and Anderson, S.R., 1990, Evaluation of ground-water recharge along the Gila River as a result of the flood of October 1983, in and near the Gila River Indian Reservation, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4148, Report: v, 30 p.; 2 Plates: 32.37 x 19.42 inches and 33.18 x 31.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894148.","productDescription":"Report: v, 30 p.; 2 Plates: 32.37 x 19.42 inches and 33.18 x 31.47 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415482,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47236.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56928,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4148/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56927,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4148/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56929,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4148/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County, Pinal County","otherGeospatial":"Gila River, Gila River Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.3106,\n 33.3964\n ],\n [\n -112.3106,\n 32.9667\n ],\n [\n -111.0944,\n 32.9667\n ],\n [\n -111.0944,\n 33.3964\n ],\n [\n -112.3106,\n 33.3964\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fad84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konieczki, A.D.","contributorId":28218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konieczki","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S. R.","contributorId":93518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013299,"text":"1013299 - 1990 - Computer-aided procedure for counting waterfowl on aerial photographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:36:09","indexId":"1013299","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer-aided procedure for counting waterfowl on aerial photographs","docAbstract":"Examination of 46 Canada goose goslings yielded 14 species of parasites, including five Protozoa, four Nematoda, two Cestoda, and three Trematoda. Evidence indicates that goslings acquired most of these infections during their first week of life. Some parasites, Prosthogonimus sp., occurred only in younger birds. Others, Leucocytozoon simondi, were evident only during the initial course of infection, while still others remained evident in older geese. Parasites with a direct life cycle appeared to be more prevalent than those requiring intermediate hosts. Among 29 birds from a refuge in Michigan, 14 species of parasites were found; while in 17 goslings from a Utah refuge, only five species occurred.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Bajzak, D., and Piatt, J.F., 1990, Computer-aided procedure for counting waterfowl on aerial photographs: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 18, no. 2, p. 125-129.","productDescription":"pp. 125-129","startPage":"125","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a637b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bajzak, D.","contributorId":45262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bajzak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137859,"text":"70137859 - 1990 - Flume experiments on the alignment of transverse, oblique, and longitudinal dunes in directionally varying flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T14:19:57","indexId":"70137859","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flume experiments on the alignment of transverse, oblique, and longitudinal dunes in directionally varying flows","docAbstract":"For more than a century geologists have wondered why some bedforms are orientated roughly transverse to flow, whereas others are parallel or oblique to flow. This problem of bedform alignment was studied experimentally using subaqueous dunes on a 3–6-m-diameter sand-covered turntable on the floor of a 4-m-wide flume.
\n\n
In each experiment, two flow directions (relative to the bed) were produced by alternating the turntable between two orientations. The turntable was held in each orientation for a short time relative to the reconstitution time of the bedforms; the resulting bedforms were in equilibrium with the time-averaged conditions of the bimodal flows. Dune alignment was studied for five divergence angles (the angle between the two flow directions): 45°, 67–5°, 90°, 112–5° and 135°. The flow depth during all experiments was approximately 30 cm; mean velocity was approximately 50 cm s-1 and mean grain diameter was 0–6 mm. Each experiment continued for 30–75 min, during which time the flume flow was steady and the turntable position changed every 2 min. At the end of each experiment, water was slowly drained from the flume and dune alignment was measured. Transverse dunes (defined relative to the resultant transport direction) were created when the divergence angle was 45° and 67–5°, and longitudinal dunes were created when the divergence angle was 135°. At intermediate divergence angles, dunes with both orientations were produced, but transverse dunes were dominant at 90°, and longitudinal dunes were dominant at 112–5°.
\n\n
One experiment was conducted with a divergence angle of 135° and with unequal amounts of transport in the two flow directions. This was achieved by changing the orientation of the turntable at unequal time intervals, thereby causing the amount of transport to be unequal in the two directions. The dunes formed during this experiment were oblique to the resultant transport direction.
\n\n
These experimental dunes follow the same rule of alignment as wind ripples studied in previous turntable experiments. In both sets of experiments, the bedforms developed with the orientation having the maximum gross bedform-normal transport (the orientation at which the sum of the bedform-normal components of the two transport vectors reaches its maximum value). In other words, the bedforms develop with an orientation that is as transverse as possible to the two flows. In those cases where the two flows diverge by more than 90° and transport equal amounts of sand, bedforms that are as transverse as possible to the two separate flows will be parallel to the resultant of the two flow vectors. Although such bedforms have been defined by previous work as longitudinal bedforms, they are intrinsically the same kind of bedform as transverse bedforms.
\nAfter the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill into Prince William Sound, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Exxon Company, U.S.A., began rescuing sea otters (Enhydra lutris). The primary objective of this operation was to capture live, oiled sea otters for cleaning and rehabilitation. Between 30 March and 29 May 1989, 139 live sea otters were captured in the sound and transported to rehabilitation centers in Valdez, Alaska. Within the first 15 days of capture operations, 122 (88%) otters were captured. Most sea otters were captured near Knight, Green, and Evans islands in the western sound. The primary capture method consisted of dipnetting otters out of water and off beaches. While capture rates declined over time, survival of captured otters increased as the interval from spill date to capture date increased. The relative degree of oiling observed for each otter captured declined over time. Declining capture rates led to the use of tangle nets. The evidence suggests the greatest threat to sea otters in Prince William Sound occurred within the first 3 weeks after the spill. Thus, in the future, the authors believe rescue efforts should begin as soon as possible after an oil spill in sea otter habitat. Further, preemptive capture and relocation of sea otters in Prince William Sound may have increased the number of otters that could have survived this event.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea otter symposium: Proceedings of a symposium to evaluate the response effort on behalf of sea otters after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill into Prince William Sound (Biological Reports 90[12])","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Sea Otter Symposium: Symposium to evaluate the response effort on behalf of sea otters after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill into Prince William Sound","conferenceDate":"April 17-19, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.5962/bhl.title.45854","issn":"0895-1926","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Weltz, F., 1990, Evaluation of sea otter capture after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska, in Sea otter symposium: Proceedings of a symposium to evaluate the response effort on behalf of sea otters after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill into Prince William Sound (Biological Reports 90[12]), Anchorage, AK, April 17-19, 1990, p. 61-69, https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45854.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"69","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45854","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965f9c5e4b0d1f9f05cae6c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bayha, Keith","contributorId":30270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayha","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702307,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kormendy, Jennifer","contributorId":190781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kormendy","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702308,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weltz, F.","contributorId":100704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weltz","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81366,"text":"81366 - 1990 - Chironomidae of the southeastern United States: a checklist of species and notes on biology, distribution, and habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:42:39","indexId":"81366","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":25,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Chironomidae of the southeastern United States: a checklist of species and notes on biology, distribution, and habitat","docAbstract":"We provide a current listing of the species of midges (Diptera:Chironomidae) in the southeastern United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee). This checklist should aid research on this group of insects, which have often proved useful in the assessment of water quality. We document each species' distribution and general habitat and provide the best taxonomic reference to facilitate the identification or description of species in that genus. Changes in nomenclature, unique ecological traits, bibliographic sources, or other items of information are summarized in a paragraph on each genus. Of the 10 sub-families currently recognized in the Chironomidae, 7 occur in the Southeast. The chironomid fauna of the six southeastern States now consist of 164 described genera and 479 described species. In addition we have listed 14 genera and 245 species that are tenatively noted as undescribed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hudson, P.L., Lenat, D.R., Caldwell, B.A., and Smith, D., 1990, Chironomidae of the southeastern United States: a checklist of species and notes on biology, distribution, and habitat: Fish and Wildlife Research 7, 46 p.","productDescription":"46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lenat, David R.","contributorId":23500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenat","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, Broughton A.","contributorId":95848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Broughton","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, David","contributorId":56303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185810,"text":"70185810 - 1990 - Adsorption of benzene, toluene, and xylene by two tetramethylammonium-smectites having different charge densities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T11:15:19","indexId":"70185810","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adsorption of benzene, toluene, and xylene by two tetramethylammonium-smectites having different charge densities","docAbstract":"A high-charge smectite from Arizona [cation-exchange capacity (CEC) = 120 meq/100 g] and a low-charge smectite from Wyoming (CEC = 90 meq/100 g) were used to prepare homoionic tetramethylammonium (TMA)-clay complexes. The adsorption of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene as vapors by the dry TMA-clays and as solutes from water by the wet TMA-clays was studied. The adsorption of the organic vapors by the dry TMA-smectite samples was strong and apparently consisted of interactions with both the aluminosilicate mineral surfaces and the TMA exchange ions in the interlayers. In the adsorption of organic vapors, the closer packing of TMA ions in the dry high-charge TMA-smectite, compared with the dry low-charge TMA-smectite, resulted in a somewhat higher degree of shape-selective adsorption of benzene, toluene, and xylene. In the presence of water, the adsorption capacities of both samples for the aromatic compounds were significantly reduced, although the uptake of benzene from water by the low-charge TMA-smectite was still substantial. This lower sorption capacity was accompanied by increased shape-selectivity for the aromatic compounds. The reduction in uptake and increased selectivity was much more pronounced for the water-saturated, high-charge TMA-smectite than for the low-charge TMA-smectite. Hydration of the TMA exchange ions and/or the mineral surfaces apparently reduced the accessibility of the aromatic molecules to interlamellar regions. The resulting water-induced sieving effect was greater for the high-charge TMA-smectite due to the higher density of exchanged TMA-ions. The low-charge Wyoming TMA-smectite was a highly effective adsorbent for removing benzene from water and may be useful for purifying benzene-contaminated water.
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","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac00217a027","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M., Pomes, M., Perry, C.A., and Schwab, A.P., 1990, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of triazine herbicides in water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 62, no. 18, p. 2043-2048, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00217a027.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"2043","endPage":"2048","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81fe4b02ff32c68573c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E. 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Shoreline counts (by boat) of sea otters in Prince William Sound in 1984 suggested that a minimum of 4,500 sea otters inhabited nearshore waters of Prince William Sound. Areas of highest density within the western portion of Prince William Sound included the Bainbridge Island area, Montague Island, Green Island, and Port Wells. About 1,330 sea otters were counted from helicopters along the coast of the Kenai Peninsula. Highest densities of sea otters were found along the western end of the Kenai Peninsula. At Kodiak Island, about 3,500 sea otters were counted in coastal surveys from helicopters. Highest densities of sea otters were found in Perenosa Bay in northern Afognak Island, and in waters between Afogneik, Kodiak, and Raspberry Islands. Along the Alaska Peninsula, about 6,500 sea otters were counted between Kamishak Bay and Unimak Pass. Areas of concentration included the Izembek Lagoon airea. False Pass, the Pavlof Islands, Hallo Bay, and Kujulik Bay. Line transect surveys conducted offshore of the coastal strips indicate that at the time of the surveys relatively high densities of sea otters existed offshore at Kodiak Island and along the Alaska Peninsula, but not on the Kenai Peninsula.
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For centuries, society has placed enormous value on coastal areas for living, working, and recreation. In nearly all regions of the world, the largest population is distributed along the coastlines. The marine ecosystems provide food, shelter, and spawning grounds for fisheries, and refuge and sanctuary for wildlife. Dramatic increases in the population living in coastal regions have changed the pattern of land use and the movement of sediments. Obviously, these changes have not come without a price. Accompanying the coastal population increase is competition for the use of estuarine and coastal resources: the diversion of fresh water for irrigation and the discharge of waste water into these systems. The changing patterns of water use have resulted in deterioration of water quality, and in irreversible impacts on many marine ecosystems. All of these alterations directly affect the economic development and the quality of life in adjacent regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/CE038","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., 1990, Residual currents and long-term transport, 544 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/CE038.","productDescription":"544 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebee4b08116168223b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016137,"text":"70016137 - 1990 - Episodic changes in lateral transport and phytoplankton distribution in South San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T11:13:06","indexId":"70016137","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic changes in lateral transport and phytoplankton distribution in South San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Increased lateral flows were directed to the west and may explain the large fluctuations in phytoplankton biomass observed over the broad eastern shoal during spring. -from Authors
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"Huzzey, L., Cloern, J., and Powell, T., 1990, Episodic changes in lateral transport and phytoplankton distribution in South San Francisco Bay: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 35, no. 2, p. 472-478.","startPage":"472","endPage":"478","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_35/issue_2/0472.pdf"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a0fe4b0c8380cd521a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huzzey, L.M.","contributorId":38287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huzzey","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. 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One of these environments is in mountainous areas, which cover about 25 percent of the United States. Use of conventional hydrologic and hydraulic techniques in mountain-river environments may produce erroneous results and interpretations in a wide spectrum of water-resources investigations. An ongoing U.S. Geological Survey research project is being conducted to improve the understanding of hydrologic and hydraulic processes of mountainous areas and to improve the results of subsequent hydrologic investigations. Future hydrologic and hydraulic research needs in mountainous areas are identified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01381.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, R.D., 1990, Hydrologic and hydraulic research in mountain rivers: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 26, no. 3, p. 419-429, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01381.x.","startPage":"419","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267741,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01381.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3552e4b0c8380cd5fe07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":372996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015790,"text":"70015790 - 1990 - Observation of sediment resuspension in Old Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70015790","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Observation of sediment resuspension in Old Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Equipment and methodology have been developed to monitor sediment resuspension at two sites in Old Tampa Bay. Velocities are measured with electromagnetic current meters and suspended solids and turbidity are monitored with optical backscatterance sensors. In late November 1989, a vertical array of instrument pairs was deployed from a permanent platform at a deep-water site, and a submersible instrument package with a single pair of instruments was deployed at a shallow-water site. Wind waves caused resuspension at the shallow-water site, but not at the deeper platform site, and spring tidal currents did not cause resuspension at either site.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference","conferenceDate":"30 July 1990 through 3 August 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627748","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1990, Observation of sediment resuspension in Old Tampa Bay, Florida, in Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 30 July 1990 through 3 August 1990, p. 51-56.","startPage":"51","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a5ae4b0c8380cd7411e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chang Howard H.Hill Joseph C.","contributorId":128375,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Chang Howard H.Hill Joseph C.","id":536306,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016230,"text":"70016230 - 1990 - Combustion tube method for measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios using calcium oxide for total rmoval of carbon dioxide and water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T17:40:40.597665","indexId":"70016230","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combustion tube method for measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios using calcium oxide for total rmoval of carbon dioxide and water","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac00204a019","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., and Grim, E., 1990, Combustion tube method for measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios using calcium oxide for total rmoval of carbon dioxide and water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 62, no. 5, p. 526-529, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00204a019.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"529","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e3e4b0c8380cd4cd63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grim, E.","contributorId":41144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015896,"text":"70015896 - 1990 - Hydrogeologic implications of increased septic-tank-soil-absorption system density, Ogden Valley, Weber County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015896","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrogeologic implications of increased septic-tank-soil-absorption system density, Ogden Valley, Weber County, Utah","docAbstract":"Ground water in Ogden Valley occurs in perched, confined, and unconfined aquifers in the valley fill to depths of 600 feet and more. The confined aquifer, which underlies only the western portion of the valley, is overlain by cleyey silt lacustrine sediments probably deposited during the Bonneville Basin's Little Valley lake cycle sometime between 90,000 and 150,000 years ago. The top of this cleyey silt confining layer is generally 25 to 60 feet below the ground surface. Unconfined conditions occur above and beyond the outer margin of the confining layer. The sediments overlying the confining layer are primarily Lake Bonneville deposits. Water samples from springs, streams, and wells around Pineview Reservoir, and from the reservoir itself, were collected and analyzed. These samples indicate that water quality in Ogden Valley is presently good. Average nitrate concentrations in the shallow unconfined aquifer increase toward the center of Ogden Valley. This trend was not observed in the confined aquifer. There is no evidence, however, of significant water-quality deterioration, even in the vicinity of Huntsville, a town that has been densely developed using septic-tank-soil-absorption systems for much of the time since it was founded in 1860.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1990 Annual Symposium on Engineering Geology & Geotechnical Engineering","conferenceDate":"4 April 1990 through 6 April 1990","conferenceLocation":"Pocatello, ID, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Idaho State University","publisherLocation":"Pocatello, ID, United States","usgsCitation":"Lowe, M., and Miner, M.L., 1990, Hydrogeologic implications of increased septic-tank-soil-absorption system density, Ogden Valley, Weber County, Utah, Proceedings of the 1990 Annual Symposium on Engineering Geology & Geotechnical Engineering, Pocatello, ID, USA, 4 April 1990 through 6 April 1990.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33e6e4b0c8380cd5f369","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Robinson Lee","contributorId":128409,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Robinson Lee","id":536315,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lowe, Mike","contributorId":27522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miner, Michael L.","contributorId":10159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015904,"text":"70015904 - 1990 - The US Geological Survey's National Mapping Division programs, products, and services that can support wetlands mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015904","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1022,"text":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The US Geological Survey's National Mapping Division programs, products, and services that can support wetlands mapping","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey (USGS) programs can play an important role in support of President Bush's policy of no net loss of wetlands. A principal goal of USGS is to provide cartographic information that contributes to the wise management of the Nation's natural resources. This information consists of maps, cartographic data bases (graphic and digital), remotely sensed imagery, and information services. These products are used by Federal, State, and local governments, the private sector, and individual citizens in making decisions on the existence and use of land and water resources. I discuss the programs, products, and information services of the National Mapping Division, the tools available to determine where wetlands exist, and the capability of periodic measurement of wetlands to help in assessing compliance with the concept of no net loss of wetlands. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Baxter, F., 1990, The US Geological Survey's National Mapping Division programs, products, and services that can support wetlands mapping: Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service, v. 90, no. 18, p. 87-92.","startPage":"87","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba94be4b08c986b32217c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baxter, F.S.","contributorId":10555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}