The concentrations of boron, molybdenum, and selenium in young chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were determined in three partial life cycle chronic toxicity studies. In each study, fish were exposed to a mixture of boron, molybdenum, selenate, and selenite in the proportions found in subsurface agricultural drainage water in the basin of the San Joaquin Valley, California. Tests were conducted in well water and in site-specific fresh and brackish waters. No boron or molybdenum was detected in fish exposed to concentrations as high as 6,046 μg boron/L and 193 μg molybdenum/L for 90 d in well water or fresh water; however, whole-body concentrations of selenium increased with increasing exposure concentrations in well water and fresh water, but not in brackish water. Concentrations of selenium in chinook salmon were strongly correlated with reduced survival and growth of fish in well water and with reduced survival in a 15-d seawater challenge test of fish from fresh water. Concentrations of selenium in fish seemed to reach a steady state after 60 d of exposure in well water or fresh water. Fish in brackish water had only background concentrations of selenium after 60 d of exposure, and no effects on survival and growth in brackish water or on survival in a 10-d seawater challenge test were exhibited. This lack of effect in brackish water was attributed to initiation of the study with advanced fry, which were apparently better able to metabolize the trace element mixture than were the younger fish used in studies with well water and fresh water. In all three experimental waters, concentration factors (whole-body concentration/waterborne concentration) for selenium decreased with increasing exposure concentrations, suggesting decreased uptake or increased excretion, or both, of selenium at the higher concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0500:COBMAS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., and Wiedmeyer, R.H., 1990, Concentrations of boron, molybdenum, and selenium in chinook salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 119, no. 3, p. 500-510, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0500:COBMAS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"500","endPage":"510","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5821a0e0e4b02f1a881de98e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiedmeyer, Raymond H.","contributorId":176717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiedmeyer","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016258,"text":"70016258 - 1990 - Hydrologic and hydraulic research in mountain rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:19:04","indexId":"70016258","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and hydraulic research in mountain rivers","docAbstract":"Although our current (1990) knowledge of hydrologic and hydraulic processes is based on many years of study, there are river environments where these processes are complex and poorly understood. One of these environments is in mountainous areas, which cover about 25 percent of the United States. Use of conventional hydrologic and hydraulic techniques in mountain-river environments may produce erroneous results and interpretations in a wide spectrum of water-resources investigations. An ongoing U.S. Geological Survey research project is being conducted to improve the understanding of hydrologic and hydraulic processes of mountainous areas and to improve the results of subsequent hydrologic investigations. Future hydrologic and hydraulic research needs in mountainous areas are identified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01381.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, R.D., 1990, Hydrologic and hydraulic research in mountain rivers: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 26, no. 3, p. 419-429, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01381.x.","startPage":"419","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267741,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01381.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3552e4b0c8380cd5fe07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":372996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016129,"text":"70016129 - 1990 - Vapor-pressure osmometric study of the molecular weight and aggregation tendency of a reference-soil fulvic acid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016129","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vapor-pressure osmometric study of the molecular weight and aggregation tendency of a reference-soil fulvic acid","docAbstract":"The molecular weight and aggregation tendency of a reference-soil fulvic acid in Armadale horizon Bh were determined by vapor-pressure osmometry using tetrahydrofuran and water as solvents. With tetrahydrofuran, number-average molecular weight values of 767 ?? 34 and 699 ?? 8 daltons were obtained from two separate sets of measurements. Two sets of measurements with water also yielded values within this range (754 ?? 70 daltons) provided that the fulvic acid concentration in water did not exceed 7 mg ml-1; at higher concentrations (9.1-13.7 mg ml-1) a number-average molecular weight of 956 ?? 25 daltons was resolved, providing evidence of molecular aggregation. Extension of these studies to 80% neutralized fulvic acid showed that a sizeable fraction of the sodium counter ion is not osmotically active.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytica Chimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(00)81228-3","issn":"00032670","usgsCitation":"Marinsky, J., and Reddy, M., 1990, Vapor-pressure osmometric study of the molecular weight and aggregation tendency of a reference-soil fulvic acid: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 232, no. 1, p. 123-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)81228-3.","startPage":"123","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)81228-3"}],"volume":"232","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc123e4b08c986b32a46d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marinsky, J.A.","contributorId":42706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinsky","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015968,"text":"70015968 - 1990 - Maceral and palynomorph facies from two tertiary peat-forming environments in the Powder River Basin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T12:15:34.438677","indexId":"70015968","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maceral and palynomorph facies from two tertiary peat-forming environments in the Powder River Basin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The differences between the depositional settings of the Smith and Anderson subbituminous coal beds (Paleocene, central Powder River Basin, U.S.A.) are interpreted on the basis of their petrographic composition and palynologic assemblages. The Smith coal bed is relatively thin
Because the peat of the Anderson coal bed formed on top of thick
The orientations and termination directions of newly formed ice gouges, identified in a 5-year study of two offshore corridors in eastern Harrison Bay, Alasaka, indicate a bimodal distribution of sediment transport directions: west-southwest and southeast, due to ice-keel bulldozing. The westerly sediment transport results from the dominant westward drift of sea ice and ocean currents, whereas the southeasterly transport results from episodic fall storms with winds from the northwest. Transport associated with ice gouging occurs by bulldozing and by resuspension during the bulldozing processes. Fine-grained (< 63 μm) sediment transport may also involve transport of resuspended sediment by intensified currents found near the grounded floes, leaving behind a lag of coarser sediments.
In Harrison Bay, about 6000 m3 of sediment is reworked each year by ice gouging for every square kilometer of the seafloor between water depths of 5 and 18 m. Over 50% of this sediment is moved onshore to the southeast, whereas 35% is moved alongshore to the west. The actual distance of sediment transport is dependent upon the grain size of the seafloor sediment. Coarse-grained material (> 63 μm) is bulldozed as far as 7 m in the direction of ice movement, whereas sediment finer than 63 μm may be transported by intensified bottom currents up to 80 times this distance.
A map of mean annual runoff for States within the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Mid-Atlantic United States was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Direct/Delayed Response Project being conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This map shows mean annual runoff during water years 1951-80.
\nMean annual runoff from the northeastern region during 1951-80 ranged from less than 12 to greater than 40 inches. Runoff from the southeastern region runoff ranged from less than 12 to greater than 55 inches. In the mid-Atlantic region ranged from less than 10 to greater than 40 inches.
\nError analysis using 93 gaging stations not used for preparing the runoff map showed that the runoff map could be used to predict runoff with an average error of less than 10%. Errors in runoff estimation averaged about 12% if the locations of the gaging stations were used to estimate runoff instead of computing an area-weighted average over the basin. If the locations of the gaging stations were used to estimate runoff, there also was a significant negative bias of the errors that did not occur if the centroid or a weighted average runoff of the drainage basin were used.
\nThe runoff map is expected to be more accurate in areas that have a relatively high concentration of gaging stations and little topographic variability, such as part of the Northeast. Based on these criteria, the least reliably mapped areas would be in the Smokey Mountains along the North Carolina- Tennessee border.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Krug, W.R., Gebert, W.A., Graczyk, D., Stevens, D.L., Rochelle, B.P., and Church, M.R., 1990, Map of mean annual runoff for the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Mid-Atlantic United States, water years 1951-80: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4094, Report: iv, 11 p.; 1 Plate: 21.76 x 37.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884094.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; 1 Plate: 21.76 x 37.40 inches","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414923,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47012.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4094/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54372,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54371,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4094/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"3168000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.6667,\n 47.4544\n ],\n [\n -91.6667,\n 25\n ],\n [\n -67,\n 25\n ],\n [\n -67,\n 47.4544\n ],\n [\n -91.6667,\n 47.4544\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a92e4b07f02db657b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krug, William R.","contributorId":53381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gebert, Warren A. wagebert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"Warren","email":"wagebert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graczyk, David J.","contributorId":107265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Donald L. Jr.","contributorId":105764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rochelle, Barry P.","contributorId":103316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochelle","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Church, M. Robbins","contributorId":57497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robbins","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70015867,"text":"70015867 - 1990 - Molluscan evidence for early middle Miocene marine glaciation in southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T12:16:16.253386","indexId":"70015867","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molluscan evidence for early middle Miocene marine glaciation in southern Alaska","docAbstract":"Profound cooling of Miocene marine climates in southern Alaska culminated in early middle Miocene coastal marine glaciation in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska. This climatic change resulted from interaction of the Yakutat terrane with southern Alaska beginning in late Oligocene time. The ensuing extreme uplift of the coastal Chugach and St. Elias Mountains resulted in progressive regional cooling that culminated in coastal marine glaciation beginning in the early middle Miocene (15-16 Ma) and continuing to the present. The counterclockwise flow of surface water from the frigid northeastern Gulf of Alaska resulted in a cold-temperate shallow-marine environment in the western Gulf of Alaska, as it does today. Ironically, dating of Gulf of Alaska marine glaciation as early middle Miocene is strongly reinforced by the presence of a few tropical and subtropical mollusks in western Gulf of Alaska faunas. Shallow-marine waters throughout the Gulf of Alaska were cold-temperate to cold in the early middle Miocene, when the world ocean was undergoing peak Neogene warming.
A reconnaissance survey of the extent of metal contamination in the Rio Grande de Tarcoles river system of Costa Rica indicated high levels of chromium (Cr) in the fine-grain bed sediments (<60 μm) of tributaries downstream from leather tanneries (50–83 times Cr background or 3000–5000 μg/g). In the main channel of the river downstream of the San Jose urban area, Cr contamination in sediments was 4–6 times background and remained relatively constant over 50 km to the mouth of the river. Sediments from a mangrove swamp at the river mouth had Cr levels 2–3 times above background. Similar patterns of dilution were observed for lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) sediment contamination, although the contamination levels were lower. The high affinity of Cr towards particulate phases, probably as Cr(III), allows the use of Cr contamination levels for delineating regions of deposition of fine-grained sediments and dilution of particle associated contaminants during transport and deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0043-1354(90)90130-X","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., Davis, J., Cain, D., Lamothe, P.J., Fries Fernandez, T., Vargas, J., and Murillo, M., 1990, Distribution and transport of sediment-bound metal contaminants in the Rio Grande de Tarcoles, Costa Rica (Central America): Water Research, v. 24, no. 7, p. 805-812, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(90)90130-X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.484375,\n 7.798078531355303\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 7.798078531355303\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 11.39387923296741\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 11.39387923296741\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 7.798078531355303\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02aae4b0c8380cd50154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fries Fernandez, T.L.G.","contributorId":32299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries Fernandez","given":"T.L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vargas, J.A.","contributorId":86898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vargas","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murillo, M.M.","contributorId":42711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murillo","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70016279,"text":"70016279 - 1990 - Coastal retreat and shoreface profile variations in the Canadian Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-23T12:03:50.572049","indexId":"70016279","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal retreat and shoreface profile variations in the Canadian Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"The coastline of the southern Canadian Beaufort Sea consists primarily of unconsolidated bluffs. Although the sea is ice-free for 3 months of the year and wave energy is restricted by pack ice, the coast is undergoing regional retreat with erosion rates as high as 10 m a−1 in some locations. Simple and multiple regression analyses were carried out to determine the degree of correlation between the mean retreat rate measured at various locations and the different parameters that may control shoreline recession. Sediment texture, ground-ice content, cliff height, wave energy and shoreface gradient revealed medium to poor correlation with erosion rates, showing that the recessive evolution of the coastline can not be explained solely by wave-induced and subaerial processes. The comparison of nearshore echo-sounding records from 1987 with bathymetry from 1971 showed substantial erosion (up to 1 m) of the submarine profile between 12 and 15 m of water. There is strong evidence that this erosion has been caused by sea ice gouging on the seafloor. From depths of 5 to 9 m, accretion has taken place, possibly induced by ice-push processes, and inshore of the 5 m isobath wave and current erosion of the shoreface has occurred. These results suggest that the erosion of the inner shelf by ice gouging drives the erosion observed inshore on the coastal bluffs and nearshore zone as the shoreface profile strives for a state of dynamic equilibrium.
Although flamingos in Haiti can still be found in most areas of their historical range, survey results indicate that numbers have declined drastically over the last 50 years. The coastal mangrove lagoons between Grand Saline and Gonaïves, the inland lakes of Étang Saumâtre and Trou Caïman, and Ile de la Gonâve have been, and remained, the major areas used by flamingos. The species has been extripated from areas with high human population densities (Ile à Vache, Les Cayes, and Cap-Haïtien). No evidence of breeding activity was obtained. The last nesting colony known to occur in Haiti was reported in 1928. Available data suggest that Haiti is mostly utilized by flamingos for feeding and roosting during non-breeding, winter dispersal from Great Inagua, and perhaps Cuba. Flamingo numbers in Haiti are estimated at about 900 (±600) birds. Population trends in Haiti are likely declining due to increasing human disturbance, habitat degradation, and exploitation for food and trade.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521577","usgsCitation":"Ottenwalder, J.A., Woods, C., Rathbun, G.B., and Thorbjarnarson, J., 1990, Status of the greater flamingo in Haiti: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 13, p. 115-123, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521577.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130004,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Haiti","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-73.18979,19.91568],[-72.57967,19.8715],[-71.71236,19.71446],[-71.62487,19.16984],[-71.7013,18.78542],[-71.94511,18.6169],[-71.68774,18.31666],[-71.7083,18.045],[-72.37248,18.21496],[-72.84441,18.14561],[-73.45455,18.21791],[-73.92243,18.03099],[-74.45803,18.34255],[-74.36993,18.66491],[-73.44954,18.52605],[-72.69494,18.4458],[-72.33488,18.66842],[-72.79165,19.10163],[-72.7841,19.48359],[-73.41502,19.63955],[-73.18979,19.91568]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Haiti\"}}]}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ottenwalder, J. A.","contributorId":11988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ottenwalder","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woods, C.A.","contributorId":46031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorbjarnarson, J.B.","contributorId":34084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorbjarnarson","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003134,"text":"1003134 - 1990 - Removal of benzocaine from water by filtration with activated carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:42:34.353603","indexId":"1003134","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of benzocaine from water by filtration with activated carbon","docAbstract":"Benzocaine is a promising candidate for registration with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as an anesthetic in fish culture, management, and research. A method for the removal of benzocaine from hatchery effluents could speed registration of this drug by eliminating requirements for data on its residues, tolerances, detoxification, and environmental hazards. Carbon filtration effectively removes many organic compounds from water. This study tested the effectiveness of three types of activated carbon for removing benzocaine from water by column filtration under controlled laboratory conditions. An adsorptive capacity was calculated for each type of activated carbon. Filtrasorb 400 (12 × 40 mesh; U.S. standard sieve series) showed the greatest capacity for benzocaine adsorption (76.12 mg benzocaine/g carbon); Filtrasorb 300 (8 × 30 mesh) ranked next (31.93 mg/g); and Filtrasorb 816 (8 × 16 mesh) adsorbed the least (1.0 mg/g). Increased adsorptive capacity was associated with smaller carbon particle size; however, smaller particle size also impeded column flow. Carbon filtration is a practical means for removing benzocaine from treated water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0032:CROBFW%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Howe, G., Bills, T., and Marking, L.L., 1990, Removal of benzocaine from water by filtration with activated carbon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 52, no. 1, p. 32-35, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0032:CROBFW%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a3b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, G.E.","contributorId":53734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016323,"text":"70016323 - 1990 - Gas chromatographic separation of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide for stable isotopic analysis of carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T17:43:10.046757","indexId":"70016323","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas chromatographic separation of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide for stable isotopic analysis of carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac00208a014","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K., and Coplen, T.B., 1990, Gas chromatographic separation of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide for stable isotopic analysis of carbon dioxide: Analytical Chemistry, v. 62, no. 9, p. 972-973, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00208a014.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"972","endPage":"973","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223564,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14c5e4b0c8380cd54b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":54308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016136,"text":"70016136 - 1990 - Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples for detecting hydromorphic trace-element anomalies associated with precious-metal mineralized bedrock buried beneath glacial overburden in northern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70016136","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples for detecting hydromorphic trace-element anomalies associated with precious-metal mineralized bedrock buried beneath glacial overburden in northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"One objective of the International Falls and Roseau, Minnesota, CUSMAP projects was to develop a means of conducting regional-scale geochemical surveys in areas where bedrock is buried beneath complex glacially derived overburden. Partial analysis of B-horizon soils offered hope for detecting subtle hydromorphic trace-element dispersion patterns. An enzyme-based partial leach selectively removes metals from oxide coatings on the surfaces of soil materials without attacking their matrix. Most trace-element concentrations in the resulting solutions are in the part-per-trillion to low part-per-billion range, necessitating determinations by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. The resulting data show greater contrasts for many trace elements than with other techniques tested. Spatially, many trace metal anomalies are locally discontinuous, but anomalous trends within larger areas are apparent. In many instances, the source for an anomaly seems to be either basal till or bedrock. Ground water flow is probably the most important mechanism for transporting metals toward the surface, although ionic diffusion, electrochemical gradients, and capillary action may play a role in anomaly dispersal. Sample sites near the Rainy Lake-Seine River fault zone, a regional shear zone, often have anomalous concentrations of a variety of metals, commonly including Zn and/or one or more metals which substitute for Zn in sphalerite (Cd, Ge, Ga, and Sn). Shifts in background concentrations of Bi, Sb, and As show a trend across the area indicating a possible regional zoning of lode-Au mineralization. Soil anomalies of Ag, Co, and Tl parallel basement structures, suggesting areas that may have potential for Cobalt/Thunder Baytype silver viens. An area around Baudette, Minnesota, which is underlain by quartz-chlorite-carbonate-altered shear zones, is anomalous in Ag, As, Bi, Co, Mo, Te, Tl, and W. Anomalies of Ag, As, Bi, Te, and W tend to follow the fault zones, suggesting potential for lode-Au deposits. Soil anomalies of Co, Mo, and Tl appear to follow northwest-striking structures that cross the shear zones, suggesting that Thunder Bay-type mineralization may have overprinted earlier mineralization along the shear zones.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Gold '90 Symposium - Gold '90","conferenceDate":"26 February 1990 through 1 March 1990","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Soc of Mining Engineers of AIME","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO, United States","isbn":"087335091X","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.J., Meier, A.L., and Riddle, G., 1990, Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples for detecting hydromorphic trace-element anomalies associated with precious-metal mineralized bedrock buried beneath glacial overburden in northern Minnesota, Proceedings of the Gold '90 Symposium - Gold '90, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 26 February 1990 through 1 March 1990, p. 189-207.","startPage":"189","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09f5e4b0c8380cd52120","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hausen Donald M.Halbe Douglas N.Petersen Erich U.Tafuri William J.","contributorId":128400,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hausen Donald M.Halbe Douglas N.Petersen Erich U.Tafuri William J.","id":536322,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Robert J.","contributorId":12192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle, G.","contributorId":55284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043725,"text":"70043725 - 1990 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T10:12:03","indexId":"70043725","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1989","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of (1) books and maps that were published during 1989, and (2) articles by Geological Survey personnel in non-Geological Survey journals and books that came to our attention in 1989; it supplements the permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961\", \"Publications of the Geological Survey; 1962-1970\", and ''Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971 through 1981.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043725","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1989: Publications of the US Geological Survey, iv, 399 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043725.","productDescription":"iv, 399 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272671,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043725/report.pdf"},{"id":267711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043725/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad66e4b0b6328103b507","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043727,"text":"70043727 - 1990 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T10:12:30","indexId":"70043727","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of (1) books and maps 1 that were published during 1990, and (2) articles by Geological Survey personnel in non-Geological Survey journals and books that came to our attention in 1990; it supplements the permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961\", \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970\", and \"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971 through 1981.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043727","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 445 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043727.","productDescription":"v, 445 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272672,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043727/report.pdf"},{"id":267714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043727/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad66e4b0b6328103b50b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003180,"text":"1003180 - 1990 - Enhanced bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium and lead in low-alkalinity waters: An emerging regional environmental problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T17:32:53.766564","indexId":"1003180","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium and lead in low-alkalinity waters: An emerging regional environmental problem","docAbstract":"During the past decade or so, observations of high mercury concentrations in fish have renewed concerns and mercury, primarily in two groups of fresh waters: low-alkalinity lakes (the topic of this editorial) and newly created impoundments. The recent focus on the chemistry and biota of low-alkalinity (< 50 mu eq/L) waters stemmed largely from concerns about acidic deposition and its effects on sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Such studies have revealed high concentrations of mercury in biota from low-alkalinity waters in some regions--even in seemingly pristine, semi-remote watersheds lacking both identifiable anthropogenic sources of the metal and mercury-enriched ores. Consequently, much of the concern about mercury in aquatic systems has shifted from direct point sources to more diffuse, poorly defined sources, possibly associated with atmospheric transport and deposition.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090701","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J., and Stokes, P., 1990, Enhanced bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium and lead in low-alkalinity waters: An emerging regional environmental problem: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 7, p. 821-823, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090701.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"823","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokes, P.M.","contributorId":41112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}