Two important trends affecting the expected growth of global gas markets are (1) the shift by many industrialized countries from coal-fired electricity generation to the use of natural gas to generate electricity and (2) the industrialization of the heavily populated Asian countries of India and China. This paper surveys discovered gas in stranded conventional gas accumulations and presents estimates of the cost of developing and producing stranded gas in selected countries. Stranded gas is natural gas in discovered or identified fields that is not currently commercially producible for either physical or economic reasons. Published reserves of gas at the global level do not distinguish between volumes of gas in producing fields and volumes in nonproducing fields. Data on stranded gas reported here-that is the volumes, geographical distribution, and size distributions of stranded gas fields at the country and regional level-are based on the examination of individual-field data and represent a significant improvement in information available to industry and government decision makers. Globally, stranded gas is pervasive, but large volumes in large accumulations are concentrated in only a few areas. The cost component of the paper focuses on stranded conventional gas accumulations in Africa and South America that have the potential to augment supplies to Europe. The methods described for the computation of extraction and transport costs are innovative in that they use information on the sizes and geographical distribution of the identified stranded gas fields. The costs are based on industry data specific to the country and geologic basin where the stranded gas is located. Gas supplies to Europe can be increased significantly at competitive costs by the development of stranded gas. Net extraction costs of producing the identified gas depend critically on the natural-gas-liquids (NGLs) content, the prevailing prices of liquids, the size of the gas accumulation, and the deposit's location. The diversity of the distribution of stranded gas is one obstacle to the exercise of market power by the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF).
","conferenceTitle":"SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium 2010","conferenceDate":"March 8-9, 2010","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","issn":"21501173","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Freeman, P., 2011, Survey of stranded gas and delivered costs to Europe of selected gas resources, SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium 2010, March 8-9, 2010, p. 149-162.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba29ae4b08c986b31f806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":193092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032544,"text":"70032544 - 2011 - New insights from well responses to fluctuations in barometric pressure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032544","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights from well responses to fluctuations in barometric pressure","docAbstract":"Hydrologists have long recognized that changes in barometric pressure can produce changes in water levels in wells. The barometric response function (BRF) has proven to be an effective means to characterize this relationship; we show here how it can also be utilized to glean valuable insights into semi-confined aquifer systems. The form of the BRF indicates the degree of aquifer confinement, while a comparison of BRFs between wells sheds light on hydrostratigraphic continuity. A new approach for estimating hydraulic properties of aquitards from BRFs has been developed and verified. The BRF is not an invariant characteristic of a well; in unconfined or semi-confined aquifers, it can change with conditions in the vadose zone. Field data from a long-term research site demonstrate the hydrostratigraphic insights that can be gained from monitoring water levels and barometric pressure. Such insights should be of value for a wide range of practical applications. ?? 2010 The Author(s). Journal compilation ?? 2010 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00768.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Butler, J., Jin, W., Mohammed, G., and Reboulet, E., 2011, New insights from well responses to fluctuations in barometric pressure: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 4, p. 525-533, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00768.x.","startPage":"525","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00768.x"},{"id":241283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65d8e4b0c8380cd72c62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, J.J.","contributorId":55605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, W.","contributorId":27682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mohammed, G.A.","contributorId":108321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohammed","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reboulet, E.C.","contributorId":13047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reboulet","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032577,"text":"70032577 - 2011 - Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032577","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change","docAbstract":"Soil water content strongly affects permafrost dynamics by changing the soil thermal properties. However, the movement of liquid water, which plays an important role in the heat transport of temperate soils, has been under-represented in boreal studies. Two different heat transport models with and without convective heat transport were compared to measurements of soil temperatures in four boreal sites with different stand ages and drainage classes. Overall, soil temperatures during the growing season tended to be over-estimated by 2-4??C when movement of liquid water and water vapor was not represented in the model. The role of heat transport in water has broad implications for site responses to warming and suggests reduced vulnerability of permafrost to thaw at drier sites. This result is consistent with field observations of faster thaw in response to warming in wet sites compared to drier sites over the past 30. years in Canadian boreal forests. These results highlight that representation of water flow in heat transport models is important to simulate future soil thermal or permafrost dynamics under a changing climate. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Fan, Z., Neff, J.C., Harden, J., Zhang, T., Veldhuis, H., Czimczik, C., Winston, G., and O'Donnell, J., 2011, Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 10, p. 1836-1842, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009.","startPage":"1836","endPage":"1842","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475068,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40r7c46p","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009"}],"volume":"409","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc79fe4b08c986b32c545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fan, Z.","contributorId":31211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, T.","contributorId":61536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Veldhuis, H.","contributorId":64410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veldhuis","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Czimczik, C.I.","contributorId":57274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czimczik","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winston, G.C.","contributorId":106274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O'Donnell, J. A.","contributorId":85367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032576,"text":"70032576 - 2011 - A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032576","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2401,"text":"Journal of Nonlinear Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference","docAbstract":"The most widely used functional response in describing predator-prey relationships is the Holling type II functional response, where per capita predation is a smooth, increasing, and saturating function of prey density. Beddington and DeAngelis modified the Holling type II response to include interference of predators that increases with predator density. Here we introduce a predator-interference term into a Holling type I functional response. We explain the ecological rationale for the response and note that the phase plane configuration of the predator and prey isoclines differs greatly from that of the Beddington-DeAngelis response; for example, in having three possible interior equilibria rather than one. In fact, this new functional response seems to be quite unique. We used analytical and numerical methods to show that the resulting system shows a much richer dynamical behavior than the Beddington-DeAngelis response, or other typically used functional responses. For example, cyclic-fold, saddle-fold, homoclinic saddle connection, and multiple crossing bifurcations can all occur. We then use a smooth approximation to the Holling type I functional response with predator mutual interference to show that these dynamical properties do not result from the lack of smoothness, but rather from subtle differences in the functional responses. ?? 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Nonlinear Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6","issn":"09388974","usgsCitation":"Seo, G., and DeAngelis, D., 2011, A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference: Journal of Nonlinear Science, v. 21, no. 6, p. 811-833, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6.","startPage":"811","endPage":"833","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4eae4b0c8380cd46a0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seo, G.","contributorId":29225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seo","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032575,"text":"70032575 - 2011 - Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:37:23","indexId":"70032575","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach","docAbstract":"Few studies attempt to model the range of possible post-fire hydrologic and geomorphic hazards because of the sparseness of data and the coupled, nonlinear, spatial, and temporal relationships among landscape variables. In this study, a type of unsupervised artificial neural network, called a self-organized map (SOM), is trained using data from 540 burned basins in the western United States. The sparsely populated data set includes variables from independent numerical landscape categories (climate, land surface form, geologic texture, and post-fire condition), independent landscape classes (bedrock geology and state), and dependent initiation processes (runoff, landslide, and runoff and landslide combination) and responses (debris flows, floods, and no events). Pattern analysis of the SOM-based component planes is used to identify and interpret relations among the variables. Application of the Davies-Bouldin criteria following k-means clustering of the SOM neurons identified eight conceptual regional models for focusing future research and empirical model development. A split-sample validation on 60 independent basins (not included in the training) indicates that simultaneous predictions of initiation process and response types are at least 78% accurate. As climate shifts from wet to dry conditions, forecasts across the burned landscape reveal a decreasing trend in the total number of debris flow, flood, and runoff events with considerable variability among individual basins. These findings suggest the SOM may be useful in forecasting real-time post-fire hazards, and long-term post-recovery processes and effects of climate change scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.001","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., 2011, Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 26, no. 12, p. 1660-1674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1660","endPage":"1674","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c03e4b0c8380cd6f981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032236,"text":"70032236 - 2011 - Kin encounter rate and inbreeding avoidance in canids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032236","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kin encounter rate and inbreeding avoidance in canids","docAbstract":"Mating with close kin can lead to inbreeding depression through the expression of recessive deleterious alleles and loss of heterozygosity. Mate selection may be affected by kin encounter rate, and inbreeding avoidance may not be uniform but associated with age and social system. Specifically, selection for kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance may be more developed in species that live in family groups or breed cooperatively. To test this hypothesis, we compared kin encounter rate and the proportion of related breeding pairs in noninbred and highly inbred canid populations. The chance of randomly encountering a full sib ranged between 1-8% and 20-22% in noninbred and inbred canid populations, respectively. We show that regardless of encounter rate, outside natal groups mates were selected independent of relatedness. Within natal groups, there was a significant avoidance of mating with a relative. Lack of discrimination against mating with close relatives outside packs suggests that the rate of inbreeding in canids is related to the proximity of close relatives, which could explain the high degree of inbreeding depression observed in some populations. The idea that kin encounter rate and social organization can explain the lack of inbreeding avoidance in some species is intriguing and may have implications for the management of populations at risk. ?? 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05358.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Geffen, E., Kam, M., Hefner, R., Hersteinsson, P., Angerbjorn, A., Dalen, L., Fuglei, E., Noren, K., Adams, J., Vucetich, J., Meier, T., Mech, L., Vonholdt, B., Stahler, D., and Wayne, R., 2011, Kin encounter rate and inbreeding avoidance in canids: Molecular Ecology, v. 20, no. 24, p. 5348-5358, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05358.x.","startPage":"5348","endPage":"5358","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214977,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05358.x"},{"id":242739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4099e4b0c8380cd64eb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geffen, E.","contributorId":86876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geffen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kam, M.","contributorId":88967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kam","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hefner, R.","contributorId":39211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hefner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hersteinsson, P.","contributorId":54809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hersteinsson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Angerbjorn, A.","contributorId":64471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angerbjorn","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dalen, L.","contributorId":99393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalen","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fuglei, E.","contributorId":57285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuglei","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Noren, K.","contributorId":8302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noren","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Adams, J.R.","contributorId":94876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vucetich, J.","contributorId":82549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vucetich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Meier, T.J.","contributorId":66632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Vonholdt, B.M.","contributorId":47993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vonholdt","given":"B.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stahler, D.R.","contributorId":90107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wayne, R.K.","contributorId":24869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayne","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70032548,"text":"70032548 - 2011 - Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor","docAbstract":"Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data may often be hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on a gravel bar were performed to investigate the origins of SP signals at a restored river section of the Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. The SP mapping and subsequent inversion of the data indicate that the SP sources are mainly located in the upper few meters in regions of soil cover rather than bare gravel. Wavelet analyses of the time-series indicate a strong, but non-linear influence of water table and water content variations, as well as rainfall intensity on the recorded SP signals. Modeling of the SP response with respect to an increase in the water table elevation and precipitation indicate that the distribution of soil properties in the vadose zone has a very strong influence. We conclude that the observed SP responses on the gravel bar are more complicated than previously proposed semi-empiric relationships between SP signals and hydraulic head or the thickness of the vadose zone. We suggest that future SP monitoring in restored river corridors should either focus on quantifying vadose zone processes by installing vertical profiles of closely spaced SP electrodes or by installing the electrodes within the river to avoid signals arising from vadose zone processes and time-varying electrochemical conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes. ?? 2011 Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/hess-15-729-2011","issn":"10275606","usgsCitation":"Linde, N., Doetsch, J., Jougnot, D., Genoni, O., Durst, Y., Minsley, B., Vogt, T., Pasquale, N., and Luster, J., 2011, Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 15, no. 3, p. 729-742, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011.","startPage":"729","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475085,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d02e4b08c986b31821d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linde, N.","contributorId":37545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doetsch, J.","contributorId":35131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doetsch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jougnot, D.","contributorId":102697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jougnot","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Genoni, O.","contributorId":7918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genoni","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durst, Y.","contributorId":20989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Minsley, B. J.","contributorId":52107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"B. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vogt, T.","contributorId":66925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pasquale, N.","contributorId":43991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasquale","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Luster, J.","contributorId":51101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luster","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70032509,"text":"70032509 - 2011 - Tourmaline as a recorder of ore-forming processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T14:16:31","indexId":"70032509","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1490,"text":"Elements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tourmaline as a recorder of ore-forming processes","docAbstract":"Tourmaline occurs in diverse types of hydrothermal mineral deposits and can be used to constrain the nature and evolution of ore-forming fl uids. Because of its broad range in composition and retention of chemical and isotopic signatures, tourmaline may be the only robust recorder of original mineralizing processes in some deposits. Microtextures and in situ analysis of compositional and isotopic variations in ore-related tourmaline provide valuable insights into hydrothermal systems in seafl oor, sedimentary, magmatic, and metamorphic environments. Deciphering the hydrothermal record in tourmaline also holds promise for aiding exploration programs in the search for new ore deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2113/gselements.7.5.321","issn":"18115209","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., and Trumbull, R.B., 2011, Tourmaline as a recorder of ore-forming processes: Elements, v. 7, no. 5, p. 321-326, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.7.5.321.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-028096","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213635,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.7.5.321"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5a7e4b08c986b3267ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trumbull, Robert B.","contributorId":105129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trumbull","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032549,"text":"70032549 - 2011 - Ontogenetic and diel variation in stream habitat use by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a headwater stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T14:07:47","indexId":"70032549","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic and diel variation in stream habitat use by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a headwater stream","docAbstract":"Although considerable information exists on habitat use by stream salmonids, only a small portion has quantitatively examined diurnal and nocturnal habitat variation. We examined diel variation in habitat use by age-0 and age-1+ brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during summer and autumn in a headwater stream in northern Pennsylvania. Habitat variables measured included cover, depth, substrate, and velocity. The most pronounced diel variation occurred in the use of cover during both seasons. Both age-0 brook trout and age-1+ trout were associated with less cover at night. Age-0 brook trout occupied swifter water during the day than at night during both seasons, but the difference was not significant. Increased cover, depth, and substrate size governed the habitat of age-1+ brook trout. Our findings support the need for a better understanding of diel differences in habitat use of stream salmonids when considering habitat enhancement and protection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2011.553948","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Ross, R.M., Dropkin, D.S., and Redell, L.A., 2011, Ontogenetic and diel variation in stream habitat use by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a headwater stream: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 143-152, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553948.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475364,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553948","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553948"},{"id":241380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e4de4b0c8380cd7559b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032414,"text":"70032414 - 2011 - Seasonal timing of first rain storms affects rare plant population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-07T09:55:03","indexId":"70032414","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal timing of first rain storms affects rare plant population dynamics","docAbstract":"A major challenge in forecasting the ecological consequences of climate change is understanding the relative importance of changes to mean conditions vs. changes to discrete climatic events, such as storms, frosts, or droughts. Here we show that the first major storm of the growing season strongly influences the population dynamics of three rare and endangered annual plant species in a coastal California (USA) ecosystem. In a field experiment we used moisture barriers and water addition to manipulate the timing and temperature associated with first major rains of the season. The three focal species showed two- to fivefold variation in per capita population growth rates between the different storm treatments, comparable to variation found in a prior experiment imposing eightfold differences in season-long precipitation. Variation in germination was a major demographic driver of how two of three species responded to the first rains. For one of these species, the timing of the storm was the most critical determinant of its germination, while the other showed enhanced germination with colder storm temperatures. The role of temperature was further supported by laboratory trials showing enhanced germination in cooler treatments. Our work suggests that, because of species-specific cues for demographic transitions such as germination, changes to discrete climate events may be as, if not more, important than changes to season-long variables.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/11-0471.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Levine, J., McEachern, A.K., and Cowan, C., 2011, Seasonal timing of first rain storms affects rare plant population dynamics: Ecology, v. 92, no. 12, p. 2236-2247, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0471.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2236","endPage":"2247","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213688,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0471.1"},{"id":241339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88dde4b08c986b316bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levine, J.M.","contributorId":77748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levine","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEachern, A. K.","contributorId":29777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowan, C.","contributorId":46777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032415,"text":"70032415 - 2011 - A heuristic simulation model of Lake Ontario circulation and mass balance transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032415","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A heuristic simulation model of Lake Ontario circulation and mass balance transport","docAbstract":"The redistribution of suspended organisms and materials by large-scale currents is part of natural ecological processes in large aquatic systems but can contribute to ecosystem disruption when exotic elements are introduced into the system. Toxic compounds and planktonic organisms spend various lengths of time in suspension before settling to the bottom or otherwise being removed. We constructed a simple physical simulation model, including the influence of major tributaries, to qualitatively examine circulation patterns in Lake Ontario. We used a simple mass balance approach to estimate the relative water input to and export from each of 10 depth regime-specific compartments (nearshore vs. offshore) comprising Lake Ontario. Despite its simplicity, our model produced circulation patterns similar to those reported by more complex studies in the literature. A three-gyre pattern, with the classic large counterclockwise central lake circulation, and a simpler two-gyre system were both observed. These qualitative simulations indicate little offshore transport along the south shore, except near the mouths of the Niagara River and Oswego River. Complex flow structure was evident, particularly near the Niagara River mouth and in offshore waters of the eastern basin. Average Lake Ontario residence time is 8 years, but the fastest model pathway indicated potential transport of plankton through the lake in as little as 60 days. This simulation illustrates potential invasion pathways and provides rough estimates of planktonic larval dispersal or chemical transport among nearshore and offshore areas of Lake Ontario. ?? 2011 Taylor & Francis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2011.553928","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., and Chalupnicki, M., 2011, A heuristic simulation model of Lake Ontario circulation and mass balance transport: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553928.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475084,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553928","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553928"},{"id":241372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e41be4b0c8380cd463f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":106065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalupnicki, M.A.","contributorId":37966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalupnicki","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032541,"text":"70032541 - 2011 - Methodology to assess water presence on speleothems during periods of low precipitation, with implications for recharge sources - Kartchner Caverns, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-29T11:59:04","indexId":"70032541","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2201,"text":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methodology to assess water presence on speleothems during periods of low precipitation, with implications for recharge sources - Kartchner Caverns, Arizona","docAbstract":"Beginning in January 2005, recharge processes and the presence of water on speleothems were monitored in Kartchner Caverns during a 44-month period when annual rainfall rates were 6 to 18 percent below the long-term mean. Electrical-resistance sensors designed to detect the presence of water were used to identify ephemeral streamflow in the channels overlying the cave as well as the movement of water within the cave system. Direct infiltration of precipitation through overhead rocks provided consistent inflow to the cave, but precipitation rates and subsequent infiltration rates were reduced during the comparatively dry years. Ephemeral stream-channel recharge through autogenic and allogenic processes, the predominant recharge mechanism during wetter periods, was limited to two low-volume events. From visual observations, it appeared that recharge from channel infiltration was equal to or less than recharge from overhead infiltration. Electrical-resistance sensors were able to detect thin films of water on speleothems, including stalactites, ribbons, and stalagmites. These films of water were directly attributed to overhead infiltration of precipitation. Periods of low precipitation resulted in decreased speleothem wetness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Speleological Society","doi":"10.4311/jcks2009es0094","issn":"10906924","usgsCitation":"Blasch, K.W., 2011, Methodology to assess water presence on speleothems during periods of low precipitation, with implications for recharge sources - Kartchner Caverns, Arizona: Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 73, no. 2, p. 63-74, https://doi.org/10.4311/jcks2009es0094.","startPage":"63","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487758,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.4311/jcks2009es0094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4311/jcks2009es0094"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5578e4b0c8380cd6d207","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032542,"text":"70032542 - 2011 - Evaluation of Nobuto filter paper strips for the detection of avian influenza virus antibody in waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T19:49:20.26049","indexId":"70032542","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Nobuto filter paper strips for the detection of avian influenza virus antibody in waterfowl","docAbstract":"The utility of using Nobuto paper strips for the detection of avian influenza antibodies was examined in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) experimentally infected with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Blood was collected 2 wk after infection and was preserved either as serum or whole blood absorbed onto Nobuto strips. Analysis of samples using a commercially available blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed comparable results (???96% sensitivity for all methods) between sera stored at -30 C and the Nobuto strip preservation method even when the Nobuto strips were stored up to 3 mo at room temperature (RT). Significant differences were detected in the ratio of sample absorbance to negative control absorbance for Nobuto strips stored at RT compared with sera stored at -30 C, although these differences did not affect the ability of the test to reliably detect positive and negative samples. Nobuto strips are a convenient and sensitive alternative to the collection of serum samples when maintaining appropriate storage temperatures is difficult. ?? 2011 American Association of Avian Pathologists.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1637/9687-021511-ResNote.1","issn":"00052086","usgsCitation":"Dusek, R., Hall, J.S., Nashold, S.W., Teslaa, J.L., and Ip, H., 2011, Evaluation of Nobuto filter paper strips for the detection of avian influenza virus antibody in waterfowl: Avian Diseases, v. 55, no. 4, p. 674-676, https://doi.org/10.1637/9687-021511-ResNote.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"674","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1637/9687-021511-ResNote.1"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c1de4b0c8380cd52a3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":30203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nashold, Sean W. 0000-0002-8869-6633 snashold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-6633","contributorId":3611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nashold","given":"Sean","email":"snashold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teslaa, Joshua L. 0000-0001-7802-3454 jteslaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-3454","contributorId":5794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teslaa","given":"Joshua","email":"jteslaa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":15829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032543,"text":"70032543 - 2011 - Evidence for low-grade metamorphism, hydrothermal alteration, and diagenesis on Mars from phyllosilicate mineral assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:53:52","indexId":"70032543","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for low-grade metamorphism, hydrothermal alteration, and diagenesis on Mars from phyllosilicate mineral assemblages","docAbstract":"The enhanced spatial and spectral resolution provided by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has led to the discovery of numerous hydrated silicate minerals on Mars, particularly in the ancient, cratered crust comprising the southern highlands. Phases recently identified using visible/near-infrared spectra include: smectite, chlorite, prehnite, high-charge phyllosilicates (illite or muscovite), the zeolite analcime, opaline silica, and serpentine. Some mineral assemblages represent the products of aqueous alteration at elevated temperatures. Geologic occurrences of these mineral assemblages are described using examples from west of the Isidis basin near the Nili Fossae and with reference to differences in implied temperature, fluid composition, and starting materials during alteration. The alteration minerals are not distributed homogeneously. Rather, certain craters host distinctive alteration assemblages: (1) prehnite-chlorite-silica, (2) analcime-silica-Fe,Mg-smectite-chlorite, (3) chlorite-illite (muscovite), and (4) serpentine, which furthermore has been found in bedrock units. These assemblages contrast with the prevalence of solely Fe,Mg-smectites in most phyllosilicate-bearing terrains on Mars, and they represent materials altered at depth then exposed by cratering. Of the minerals found to date, prehnite provides the clearest evidence for subsurface, hydrothermal/metamorphic alteration, as it forms only under highly restricted conditions (T = 200–400ºC). Multiple mechanisms exist for forming the other individual minerals; however, the most likely formation mechanisms for the characteristic mineralogic assemblages observed are, for (1) and (2), low-grade metamorphism or hydrothermal (<400ºC) circulation of fluids in basalt; for (3), transformation of trioctahedral smectites to chlorite and dioctahedral smectites to illite during diagenesis; and for (4), low-grade metamorphism or hydrothermal (<400ºC) circulation of fluids in ultramafic rocks. Evidence for high-grade metamorphism at elevated pressures or temperatures >400ºC has not been found.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590402","usgsCitation":"Ehlmann, B.L., Mustard, J., Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., and Murchie, S., 2011, Evidence for low-grade metamorphism, hydrothermal alteration, and diagenesis on Mars from phyllosilicate mineral assemblages: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 59, no. 4, p. 359-377, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590402.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"377","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d48e4b0c8380cd52f08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ehlmann, Bethany L. 0000-0002-2745-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-3240","contributorId":147154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mustard, John F","contributorId":147770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mustard","given":"John F","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murchie, Scott L.","contributorId":22615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032484,"text":"70032484 - 2011 - Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032484","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands","docAbstract":"Natural wetlands often have a heterogeneous soil surface topography, or microtopography (MT), that creates microsites of variable hydrology, vegetation, and soil biogeochemistry. Created mitigation wetlands are designed to mimic natural wetlands in structure and function, and recent mitigation projects have incorporated MT as one way to attain this goal. Microtopography may influence nitrogen (N) cycling in wetlands by providing adjacent areas of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and by increasing carbon storage, which together facilitate N cycling and removal. This study investigated three created wetlands in the Virginia Piedmont that incorporated disking-induced MT during construction. One site had paired disked and undisked plots, allowing an evaluation of the effects of this design feature on N flux rates. Microtopography was measured using conventional survey equipment along a 1-m circular transect and was described using two indices: tortuosity (T), describing soil surface roughness and relief, and limiting elevation difference (LD), describing soil surface relief. Ammonification, nitrification, and net N mineralization were determined with in situ incubation of modified ion-exchange resin cores and denitrification potential was determined using denitrification enzyme assay (DEA). Results demonstrated that disked plots had significantly greater LD than undisked plots one year after construction. Autogenic sources of MT (e.g. tussock-forming vegetation) in concert with variable hydrology and sedimentation maintained and in some cases enhanced MT in study wetlands. Tortuosity and LD values remained the same in one wetland when compared over a two-year period, suggesting a dynamic equilibrium of MT-forming and -eroding processes at play. Microtopography values also increased when comparing the original induced MT of a one-year old wetland with MT of older created wetlands (five and eight years old) with disking-induced MT, indicating that MT can increase by natural processes over time. When examined along a hydrologic gradient, LD increased with proximity to an overflow point as a result of differential sediment deposition and erosion during flood events. Nitrification increased with T and denitrification potential increased with LD, indicating that microtopographic heterogeneity enhances coupled N fluxes. The resulting N flux patterns may be explained by the increase in oxygen availability elicited by greater T (enhancing nitrification) and by the adjacent zones of aerobic and anaerobic conditions elicited by greater LD (enhancing coupled nitrification and denitrification potential). Findings of this study support the incorporation of MT into the design and regulatory evaluation of created wetlands in order to enhance N cycling and removal. ?? 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Ahn, C., and Noe, G., 2011, Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands: Ecological Engineering, v. 37, no. 9, p. 1398-1406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013.","startPage":"1398","endPage":"1406","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013"},{"id":241444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56abe4b0c8380cd6d73a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.L.","contributorId":37547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahn, C.","contributorId":22589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032258,"text":"70032258 - 2011 - Unique geologic insights from \"non-unique\" gravity and magnetic interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032258","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unique geologic insights from \"non-unique\" gravity and magnetic interpretation","docAbstract":"Interpretation of gravity and magnetic anomalies is mathematically non-unique because multiple theoretical solutions are always possible. The rigorous mathematical label of \"nonuniqueness\" can lead to the erroneous impression that no single interpretation is better in a geologic sense than any other. The purpose of this article is to present a practical perspective on the theoretical non-uniqueness of potential-field interpretation in geology. There are multiple ways to approach and constrain potential-field studies to produce significant, robust, and definitive results. The \"non-uniqueness\" of potential-field studies is closely related to the more general topic of scientific uncertainty in the Earth sciences and beyond. Nearly all results in the Earth sciences are subject to significant uncertainty because problems are generally addressed with incomplete and imprecise data. The increasing need to combine results from multiple disciplines into integrated solutions in order to address complex global issues requires special attention to the appreciation and communication of uncertainty in geologic interpretation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G136A.1","issn":"10525173","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., and Blakely, R., 2011, Unique geologic insights from \"non-unique\" gravity and magnetic interpretation: GSA Today, v. 21, no. 12, p. 4-11, https://doi.org/10.1130/G136A.1.","startPage":"4","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214794,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G136A.1"},{"id":242545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc85e4b08c986b328c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032700,"text":"70032700 - 2011 - Thiamine concentrations in lake whitefish eggs from the upper Great Lakes are related to maternal diet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T09:34:28","indexId":"70032700","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thiamine concentrations in lake whitefish eggs from the upper Great Lakes are related to maternal diet","docAbstract":"Thiamine deficiency is responsible for reproductive impairment in several species of salmonines in the Great lakes, and is thought to be caused by the consumption of prey containing thiaminase, a thiamine-degrading enzyme. Because thiaminase levels are extremely high in dreissenid mussels, fish that prey on them may be susceptible to thiamine deficiency. We determined thiamine concentrations in lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis eggs from the upper Laurentian Great Lakes to assess the potential for thiamine deficiency and to determine if thiamine concentrations in lake whitefish eggs were related to maternal diet. Mean thiamine concentrations in lake whitefish eggs were highest in Lake Huron, intermediate in Lake Superior, and lowest in Lake Michigan. Some fish had thiamine concentrations below putative thresholds for lethal and sublethal effects in salmonines, suggesting that some larval lake whitefish may currently be at risk of at least sublethal effects of low thiamine concentrations, although thiamine thresholds are unknown for lake whitefish. Egg thiamine concentrations in lake whitefish eggs were statistically significantly related to isotopic carbon signatures, suggesting that egg thiamine levels were related to maternal diet, but low egg thiamine concentrations did not appear to be associated with a diet of dreissenids. Egg thiamine concentrations were not statistically significantly related to multifunction oxidase induction, suggesting that lower egg thiamine concentrations in lake whitefish were not related to contaminant exposure.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.09.004","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Riley, S., Rinchard, J., Ebener, M., Tillitt, D.E., Munkittrick, K., Parrott, J., and Allen, J., 2011, Thiamine concentrations in lake whitefish eggs from the upper Great Lakes are related to maternal diet: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 37, no. 4, p. 732-737, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.09.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"732","endPage":"737","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.61 ], [ -92.11,48.88 ], [ -81.28,48.88 ], [ -81.28,41.61 ], [ -92.11,41.61 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb293e4b08c986b3258ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, Stephen 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":169479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinchard, J.","contributorId":79290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinchard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebener, M.P.","contributorId":93422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebener","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Munkittrick, K.R.","contributorId":82540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munkittrick","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parrott, J.L.","contributorId":76954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrott","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Allen, J.D.","contributorId":57656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032701,"text":"70032701 - 2011 - Long-term change in perennial vegetation along the Colorado river in Grand Canyon national park (1889-2010)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T12:24:47.220654","indexId":"70032701","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term change in perennial vegetation along the Colorado river in Grand Canyon national park (1889-2010)","docAbstract":"Long-term monitoring data are difficult to obtain for high-value resource areas, particularly in remote parts of national parks. One long-used method for evaluating change uses ground-based repeat photography to match historical images of landscapes. River expeditions that documented a proposed railroad route through Grand Canyon with large-format photographs occurred in 1889 and 1890. A total of 452 images from those expeditions are still in existence, and these were matched as closely as possible from December 1989 through March 1992. In 2010 and 2011, we are repeating these matches 120 years after the originals and 20 years after the first matches. This repeat photography provides visual information that can be interpreted for changes in terrestrial and riparian ecosystems along the river corridor, including change in the desert plant assemblages related to increasing winter low temperatures and severe drought. The riparian ecosystem, which originally consisted of native species established along the stage of frequent floods, has increased in area, density, and biomass as both nonnative and native species have become established following flow regulation by Glen Canyon Dam. The original and matched images provide the basis for one element of a robust monitoring program for the effects of climate change on ecosystem resources.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.H., Belnap, J., Scott, M.L., and Esque, T., 2011, Long-term change in perennial vegetation along the Colorado river in Grand Canyon national park (1889-2010): Park Science, v. 28, no. 2, p. 83-87.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270017,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2201709","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.9799,35.7503 ], [ -113.9799,36.8654 ], [ -111.5871,36.8654 ], [ -111.5871,35.7503 ], [ -113.9799,35.7503 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a497be4b0c8380cd68641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":195896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032705,"text":"70032705 - 2011 - The 16 May 1909 northern Great Plains earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T11:38:57","indexId":"70032705","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 16 May 1909 northern Great Plains earthquake","docAbstract":"The largest historical earthquake in the northern Great Plains occurred on 16 May 1909. Our analysis of intensity assignments places the earthquake location (48.81° N, 105.38° W) close to the Montana–Saskatchewan border with an intensity magnitude MI of 5.3–5.4. Observations from two seismic observatories in Europe give an average Ms value of 5.3. The 1909 earthquake is near an alignment of epicenters of small earthquakes in Montana and Saskatchewan and on strike with the mapped Hinsdale fault in Montana. Thus, the 1909 earthquake may have occurred on a 300-km-long seismically active fault, which could have seismic-hazard implications for the region, particularly for the hydraulically emplaced earth-filled Fort Peck Dam, constructed in the 1930s on the Missouri River in northeast Montana.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110054","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Stickney, M.C., and Rogers, G., 2011, The 16 May 1909 northern Great Plains earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 6, p. 3065-3071, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110054.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3065","endPage":"3071","temporalStart":"1909-05-16","temporalEnd":"1909-05-16","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110054"},{"id":241734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.17,28.16 ], [ -114.17,54.13 ], [ -95.56,54.13 ], [ -95.56,28.16 ], [ -114.17,28.16 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"101","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba615e4b08c986b320e9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickney, M. C.","contributorId":96227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickney","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, Gary C.","contributorId":41980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Gary C.","affiliations":[{"id":13092,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032706,"text":"70032706 - 2011 - Heterogeneous pumice populations in the 2.08-Ma Cerro Galán Ignimbrite: Implications for magma recharge and ascent preceding a large-volume silicic eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-12T11:39:05","indexId":"70032706","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterogeneous pumice populations in the 2.08-Ma Cerro Galán Ignimbrite: Implications for magma recharge and ascent preceding a large-volume silicic eruption","docAbstract":"Triggering mechanisms of large silicic eruptions remain a critical unsolved problem. We address this question for the ~2.08-Ma caldera-forming eruption of Cerro Galán volcano, Argentina, which produced distinct pumice populations of two colors: grey (5%) and white (95%) that we believe may hold clues to the onset of eruptive activity. We demonstrate that the color variations correspond to both textural and compositional variations between the clast types. Both pumice types have bulk compositions of high-K, high-silica dacite to low-silica rhyolite, but there are sufficient compositional differences (e.g., ~150 ppm lower Ba at equivalent SiO2 content and 0.03 wt.% higher TiO2 in white pumice than grey) to suggest that the two pumice populations are not related by simple fractionation. Trace element concentrations in crystals mimic bulk variations between clast types, with grey pumice containing elevated Ba, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in both bulk samples (average Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations are 27, 35, and 82 in grey pumice vs. 11, 19, and 60 in white pumice) and biotite phenocrysts and white pumice showing elevated Li concentrations in biotite and plagioclase phenocrysts. White and grey clasts are also texturally distinct: White pumice clasts contain abundant phenocrysts (44–57%), lack microlites, and have highly evolved groundmass glass compositions (76.4–79.6 wt.% SiO2), whereas grey pumice clasts contain a lower percentage of phenocrysts/microphenocrysts (35–49%), have abundant microlites, and have less evolved groundmass glass compositions (69.4–73.8 wt.% SiO2). There is also evidence for crystal transfer between magma producing white and grey pumice. Thin highly evolved melt rims surround some fragmental crystals in grey pumice clasts and appear to have come from magma that produced white pumice. Furthermore, based on crystal compositions, white bands within banded pumice contain crystals originating in grey magma. Finally, only grey pumice clasts form breadcrusted surface textures. We interpret these compositional and textural variations to indicate distinct magma batches, where grey pumice originated from an originally deeper, more volatile-rich dacite recharge magma that ascended through and mingled with the volumetrically dominant, more highly crystalline chamber that produced white pumice. Shortly before eruption, the grey pumice magma stalled within shallow fractures, forming a vanguard magma phase whose ascent may have provided a trigger for eruption of the highly crystalline rhyodacite magma. We suggest that in the case of the Cerro Galán eruption, grey pumice provides evidence not only for cryptic silicic recharge in a large caldera system but also a probable trigger for the eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0525-5","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Wright, H.M., Folkes, C.B., Cas, R.A., and Cashman, K., 2011, Heterogeneous pumice populations in the 2.08-Ma Cerro Galán Ignimbrite: Implications for magma recharge and ascent preceding a large-volume silicic eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 10, p. 1513-1533, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0525-5.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1513","endPage":"1533","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0525-5"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Cerro Galan Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.884765625,\n -27.527758206861897\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n -25.005972656239177\n ],\n [\n -64.0283203125,\n -25.005972656239177\n ],\n [\n -64.0283203125,\n -27.527758206861897\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n -27.527758206861897\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a308ee4b0c8380cd5d743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folkes, Christopher B.","contributorId":62032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folkes","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cas, Ray A.F.","contributorId":44361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cas","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cashman, Katharine V.","contributorId":40097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Katharine V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032708,"text":"70032708 - 2011 - Intercontinental gene flow among western arctic populations of lesser snow geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70032708","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Intercontinental gene flow among western arctic populations of lesser snow geese","docAbstract":"Quantifying the spatial genetic structure of highly vagile species of birds is important in predicting their degree of population demographic and genetic independence during changing environmental conditions, and in assessing their abundance and distribution. In the western Arctic, Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) provide an example useful for evaluating spatial population genetic structure and the relative contribution of male and female philopatry to breeding and wintering locales. We analyzed biparentally inherited microsatellite loci and maternally inherited mtDNA sequences from geese breeding at Wrangel Island (Russia) and Banks Island (Canada) to estimate gene flow among populations whose geographic overlap during breeding and winter differ. Significant differences in the frequencies of mtDNA haplotypes contrast with the homogeneity of allele frequencies for microsatellite loci. Coalescence simulations revealed high variability and asymmetry between males and females in rates and direction of gene flow between populations. Our results highlight the importance of wintering areas to demographic independence and spatial genetic structure of these populations. Male-mediated gene flow among the populations on northern Wrangel Island, southern Wrangel Island, and Banks Island has been substantial. A high rate of female-mediated gene flow from southern Wrangel Island to Banks Island suggests that population exchange can be achieved when populations winter in a common area. Conversely, when birds from different breeding populations do not share a common wintering area, the probability of population exchange is likely to be dramatically reduced. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2011.","largerWorkTitle":"Condor","language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.100009","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Shorey, R.I., Scribner, K., Kanefsky, J., Samuel, M., and Libants, S., 2011, Intercontinental gene flow among western arctic populations of lesser snow geese, in Condor, v. 113, no. 4, p. 735-746, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100009.","startPage":"735","endPage":"746","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487720,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214081,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100009"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf3e4b0c8380cd63196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shorey, Rainy I.","contributorId":63633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shorey","given":"Rainy","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanefsky, Jeannette","contributorId":72213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanefsky","given":"Jeannette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Libants, S.V.","contributorId":22591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Libants","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032713,"text":"70032713 - 2011 - On the powerful use of simulations in the quake-catcher network to efficiently position low-cost earthquake sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032713","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"On the powerful use of simulations in the quake-catcher network to efficiently position low-cost earthquake sensors","docAbstract":"The Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) uses low-cost sensors connected to volunteer computers across the world to monitor seismic events. The location and density of these sensors' placement can impact the accuracy of the event detection. Because testing different special arrangements of new sensors could disrupt the currently active project, this would best be accomplished in a simulated environment. This paper presents an accurate and efficient framework for simulating the low cost QCN sensors and identifying their most effective locations and densities. Results presented show how our simulations are reliable tools to study diverse scenarios under different geographical and infrastructural constraints. ?? 2011 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - 2011 7th IEEE International Conference on eScience, eScience 2011","conferenceTitle":"7th IEEE International Conference on eScience, eScience 2011","conferenceDate":"5 December 2011 through 8 December 2011","conferenceLocation":"Stockholm","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/eScience.2011.19","isbn":"9780769545974","usgsCitation":"Benson, K., Estrada, T., Taufer, M., Lawrence, J., and Cochran, E., 2011, On the powerful use of simulations in the quake-catcher network to efficiently position low-cost earthquake sensors, in Proceedings - 2011 7th IEEE International Conference on eScience, eScience 2011, Stockholm, 5 December 2011 through 8 December 2011, p. 77-84, https://doi.org/10.1109/eScience.2011.19.","startPage":"77","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213645,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eScience.2011.19"},{"id":241293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6de7e4b0c8380cd753be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, K.","contributorId":38785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estrada, T.","contributorId":92062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estrada","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taufer, M.","contributorId":56862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taufer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawrence, J.","contributorId":13591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cochran, E.","contributorId":66923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032514,"text":"70032514 - 2011 - Pseudospectral modeling and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032514","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pseudospectral modeling and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media","docAbstract":"Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is one of the most widely used techniques in environmental and engineering geophysics to determine shear-wave velocities and dynamic properties, which is based on the elastic layered system theory. Wave propagation in the Earth, however, has been recognized as viscoelastic and the propagation of Rayleigh waves presents substantial differences in viscoelastic media as compared with elastic media. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out numerical simulation and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media to better understand Rayleigh-wave behaviors in the real world. We apply a pseudospectral method to the calculation of the spatial derivatives using a Chebyshev difference operator in the vertical direction and a Fourier difference operator in the horizontal direction based on the velocity-stress elastodynamic equations and relations of linear viscoelastic solids. This approach stretches the spatial discrete grid to have a minimum grid size near the free surface so that high accuracy and resolution are achieved at the free surface, which allows an effective incorporation of the free surface boundary conditions since the Chebyshev method is nonperiodic. We first use an elastic homogeneous half-space model to demonstrate the accuracy of the pseudospectral method comparing with the analytical solution, and verify the correctness of the numerical modeling results for a viscoelastic half-space comparing the phase velocities of Rayleigh wave between the theoretical values and the dispersive image generated by high-resolution linear Radon transform. We then simulate three types of two-layer models to analyze dispersive-energy characteristics for near-surface applications. Results demonstrate that the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media is relatively higher than in elastic media and the fundamental mode increases by 10-16% when the frequency is above 10. Hz due to the velocity dispersion of P and S waves. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.05.004","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Zhang, K., Luo, Y., Xia, J., and Chen, C., 2011, Pseudospectral modeling and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 31, no. 10, p. 1332-1337, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.05.004.","startPage":"1332","endPage":"1337","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213723,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.05.004"},{"id":241378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fc5e4b0c8380cd7f961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, K.","contributorId":71724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146327,"text":"70146327 - 2011 - Book review: Nonlinear ocean waves and the inverse scattering transform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T12:20:27","indexId":"70146327","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Nonlinear ocean waves and the inverse scattering transform","docAbstract":"Nonlinear Ocean Waves and the Inverse Scattering Transform is a comprehensive examination of ocean waves built upon the theory of nonlinear Fourier analysis. The renowned author, Alfred R. Osborne, is perhaps best known for the discovery of internal solitons in the Andaman Sea during the 1970s. In this book, he provides an extensive treatment of nonlinear water waves based on a nonlinear spectral theory known as the inverse scattering transform. The writing is exceptional throughout the book, which is particularly useful in explaining some of the more difficult mathematical concepts.
\nReview info: Nonlinear Ocean Waves and the Inverse Scattering Transform. By Alfred R. Osborne, 2010. ISBN: 978-125286299, 917 pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s00024-010-0260-4","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., 2011, Book review: Nonlinear ocean waves and the inverse scattering transform: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 168, no. 10, p. 1889-1890, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0260-4.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1889","endPage":"1890","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026440","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554200c6e4b0a658d793b2de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70190330,"text":"70190330 - 2011 - Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-27T10:26:24","indexId":"70190330","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea","docAbstract":"Gas hydrate saturations were estimated using five different methods in silt and silty clay foraminiferous sediments from drill hole SH2 in the South China Sea. Gas hydrate saturations derived from observed pore water chloride values in core samples range from 10 to 45% of the pore space at 190–221 m below seafloor (mbsf). Gas hydrate saturations estimated from resistivity (Rt) using wireline logging results are similar and range from 10 to 40.5% in the pore space. Gas hydrate saturations were also estimated by P wave velocity obtained during wireline logging by using a simplified three-phase equation (STPE) and effective medium theory (EMT) models. Gas hydrate saturations obtained from the STPE velocity model (41.0% maximum) are slightly higher than those calculated with the EMT velocity model (38.5% maximum). Methane analysis from a 69 cm long depressurized core from the hydrate-bearing sediment zone indicates that gas hydrate saturation is about 27.08% of the pore space at 197.5 mbsf. Results from the five methods show similar values and nearly identical trends in gas hydrate saturations above the base of the gas hydrate stability zone at depths of 190 to 221 mbsf. Gas hydrate occurs within units of clayey slit and silt containing abundant calcareous nannofossils and foraminifer, which increase the porosities of the fine-grained sediments and provide space for enhanced gas hydrate formation. In addition, gas chimneys, faults, and fractures identified from three-dimensional (3-D) and high-resolution two-dimensional (2-D) seismic data provide pathways for fluids migrating into the gas hydrate stability zone which transport methane for the formation of gas hydrate. Sedimentation and local canyon migration may contribute to higher gas hydrate saturations near the base of the stability zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of Geophysical Research","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007944","usgsCitation":"Wang, X., Hutchinson, D.R., Wu, S., Yang, S., and Guo, Y., 2011, Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. B5, Article B05102; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007944.","productDescription":"Article B05102; 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-022714","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007944","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South China Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 105,\n 15\n ],\n [\n 121,\n 15\n ],\n [\n 121,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 105,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 105,\n 15\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"B5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a3da31e4b077f005673227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Xiujuan","contributorId":195861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xiujuan","affiliations":[{"id":34424,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Shiguo","contributorId":195862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Shiguo","affiliations":[{"id":34424,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, Shengxiong","contributorId":195863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Shengxiong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34423,"text":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guo, Yiqun","contributorId":68659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Yiqun","affiliations":[{"id":34423,"text":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}