{"pageNumber":"1840","pageRowStart":"45975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46603,"records":[{"id":70263265,"text":"wdrCA612 - 1961 - Surface Water Records of California, 1961; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T16:40:24.733781","indexId":"wdrCA612","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T10:44:31","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-61-2","title":"Surface Water Records of California, 1961; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley","docAbstract":"<p>The surface-water records for the 1961 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites within the State of California are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, under the direction of Walter Hofmann, district engineer, Surface Water Branch.</p><p>This report marks the beginning of a new method of presenting, annually, basic data on surface-water records by States. Through September 30, 1960, the records of discharge and stage of streams and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.\" Since 1951 there have been 20 volumes in the series; each volume covered an area whose boundaries coincided with those of certain natural drainage areas. The records in California were contained in Parts 9, 10, and 11 of that series.</p><p>Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data will be released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Distribution of these basic data reports will be limited and primarily for local needs. The records later will be published in Geological Survey water-supply papers at 5-year intervals. These 5-year water-supply papers will show daily discharge and will be compiled on the same geographical areas previously used for the annual series; however, some of the 14 parts of conterminous United States will be further subdivided.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA612","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of California and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1961, Surface Water Records of California, 1961; Volume 2: Northern Great Basin and Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-61-2, xiii, 451- 875 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA612.","productDescription":"xiii, 451- 875 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":482105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1961/ca-61-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":482106,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1961/ca-61-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley, Northern Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":927455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175565,"text":"70175565 - 1961 - Records of wells, water levels, and chemical quality of ground water in the French Prairie-Mission Bottom area, northern Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T10:52:34","indexId":"70175565","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":115,"text":"Ground Water Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Records of wells, water levels, and chemical quality of ground water in the French Prairie-Mission Bottom area, northern Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\">An investigation of the ground-water resources of the northern Willamette Valley was begun in 1960 as a cooperative program between the Ground Water Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, and the Oregon State Engineer. The northern Willamette Valley area is one of the fastest growing areas of ground-water use within the state. The purpose of the investigation is to obtain an understanding of the availability, movement, and chemical quality of the ground-water resources of the area. This information is needed to attain an optimum development of the ground-water resources of the area and to aid in the prevention of problems of overdevelopment and pollution. The first phase of the program was the collection of well records, water level records, and chemical quality data in the central part of this area, which is known as the French Prairie-Mission Bottom area. The records collected in this phase of the study are essential in the preparation of an interpretive report describing the occurrence and movement of ground-water in the French Prairie-Mission Bottom area. These records, which will not be included in the interpretive report that is being prepared at this time, are being made available in this publication to aid in the location and the development of the ground-water resources of the area, and to serve as a supplement to the forthcoming interpretive report.</span></p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Price, D., 1961, Records of wells, water levels, and chemical quality of ground water in the French Prairie-Mission Bottom area, northern Willamette Valley, Oregon: Ground Water Report.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b57e4b03bcb0104bc5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70190790,"text":"70190790 - 1961 - Records and water-level measurements of selected wells and chemical analysis of ground water, East Shore area, Davis, Weber, and Box Elder Counties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:52:08","indexId":"70190790","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5497,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Records and water-level measurements of selected wells and chemical analysis of ground water, East Shore area, Davis, Weber, and Box Elder Counties","docAbstract":"<p>This report is intended to serve two purposes: (1) to make available to the public basic ground-water data useful in planning and studying development of water resources and (2) to supplement an interpretive report that will be published later.</p><p>Records were collected during the period 1935-61 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer as a part of the investigation of the ground-water resources of the East Shore area in Davis, Weber, and southern Box Elder Counties, Utah. During the period 1952-61 additional records were collected by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The interpretive material will be published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah State Engineer as a report entitled \"Groundwater conditions in the East Shore area, Utah, 1953-61,\" by Ralph E. Smith.</p><p>This report is most useful in predicting conditions likely to be found in areas that are being considered as well sites. The person considering the new well can spot the proposed site on plate 1 and examine the records of nearby wells as shown on the tables and figures. From table 1 he can note (1) the depth and diameter of wells in the vicinity and the yield of some of those wells, and (2) the depth to water or the feet of water pressure in wells in the vicinity; from table 2 and figure 2 he may note the historic fluctuations and trends of water levels in the vicinity; and from tables 3 and l he may note the chemical quality of the water from wells in the vicinity and the use made of this water. If the reader decides from his examination that conditions are favorable, he may place an application to drill a well with the State Engineer. If the State Engineer believes unappropriated water is available, the application may be approved after minimum statutory requirements have been satisfied.</p><p>The report is also useful when planning large-scale developments of water supply. This and other uses of the report will be helped by use of the interpretive report upon its release.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer's Office","usgsCitation":"Smith, R., 1961, Records and water-level measurements of selected wells and chemical analysis of ground water, East Shore area, Davis, Weber, and Box Elder Counties: Utah Basic-Data Report 1, 35 p.","productDescription":"35 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-020&Title=Basic+Data+Report+1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb953ce4b091459a578240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Ralph E.","contributorId":178301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Ralph E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2763,"text":"wsp1527 - 1961 - Floods in the Skagit River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T19:13:29.601078","indexId":"wsp1527","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1527","title":"Floods in the Skagit River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"According to Indian tradition, floods of unusually great magnitude harassed the Skagit River basin about 1815 and 1856. The heights of these floods were not recorded at the time; so they are called historical floods. Since the arrival of white men about 1863, a number of large and damaging floods have been witnessed and recorded. \r\n\r\nData concerning and verifying the early floods, including those of 1815 and 1856, were collected prior to 1923 by James E. Stewart. He talked with many of the early settlers in the valley who had listened to Indians tell about the terrible floods. Some of these settlers had referenced the maximum stages of floods they had witnessed by cutting notches at or measuring to high-water marks on trees. In order to verify flood stages Stewart spent many weeks finding and levelling to high-water marks such as drift deposits, sand layers in coves, and silt in the bark of certain types of trees. \r\n\r\nGaging stations have been in operation at various locations on the Skagit River and its tributaries since 1909, so recorded peak stages are available at certain sites for floods occurring since that date. All peak discharge data available for both historical and recorded floods have been listed in this report. The types of floods as to winter and summer, the duration of peaks, and the effect of reservoirs are discussed. \r\n\r\nIn 1899 Sterling Dam was constructed at the head of Gages Slough near Sedro Woolley. This was the beginning of major diking in the lower reaches of the Skagit River. Maps included in the report show the location of most of the dike failures that have occurred during the last 73 years and the area probably inundated by major floods. The damage resulting from certain floods is briefly discussed. \r\n\r\nThe report is concluded with a brief discussion of the U.S. Geological Survey method of computing flood-frequency curves as applied to the Skagit River basin. The treatment of single-station records and a means of combining these records for expressing regional significance are exemplified. Historical data are used in the development of both the single-station and the regional curves.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1527","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.E., and Bodhaine, G.L., 1961, Floods in the Skagit River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1527, Report: v, 66 p.; 2 Plates: 14.34 x 13.76 inches and 14.00 x 17.22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1527.","productDescription":"Report: v, 66 p.; 2 Plates: 14.34 x 13.76 inches and 14.00 x 17.22 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29197,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1527/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29196,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1527/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109965,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24703.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24703"},{"id":29198,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1527/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1527/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Skagit River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              49.283\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.667,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.667,\n              49.283\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              49.283\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e07df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, James E.","contributorId":13955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodhaine, George Lawrence","contributorId":89508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodhaine","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2980,"text":"wsp1526 - 1961 - Hydraulic and hydrologic aspects of flood-plain planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T20:29:05.829629","indexId":"wsp1526","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1526","title":"Hydraulic and hydrologic aspects of flood-plain planning","docAbstract":"<p>The valid incentives compelling occupation of the flood plain, up to and eve n into the stream channel, undoubtedly have contributed greatly to the development of the country. But the result has been a heritage of flood disaster, suffering, and enormous costs. Flood destruction awakened a consciousness toward reduction and elimination of flood hazards, originally manifested in the protection of existing developments. More recently, increased knowledge of the problem has shown the impracticability of permitting development that requires costly flood protect/on. The idea of flood zoning, or flood-plain planning, has received greater impetus as a result of this realization. This study shows how hydraulic and hydrologic data concerning the flood regimen of a stream can be used in appraising its flood potential and the risk inherent in occupation of its flood plain. The approach involves the study of flood magnitudes as recorded or computed; flood frequencies based1 on experience shown by many years of gaging-station record; use of existing or computed stagedischarge relations and flood profiles; and, where required, the preparation of flood-zone maps to show the areas inundated by floods of several magnitudes and frequencies. The planner can delineate areas subject to inundation by floods o* specific recurrence intervals for three conditions: (a) for the immediate vicinity of a gaging station; (b) for a gaged stream at a considerable distance from a gaging station; and (c) for an ungaged stream. The average depth for a flood of specific frequency can be estimated on the basis of simple measurements of area of drainage basin, width of channel, and slope of streambed. This simplified approach should be useful in the initial stages of flood-plain planning. Brief discussions are included on various types of flood hazards, the effects of urbanization on flood runoff, and zoning considerations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1526","usgsCitation":"Wiitala, S., Jetter, K., and Sommerville, A.J., 1961, Hydraulic and hydrologic aspects of flood-plain planning: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1526, Report: v, 69 p.; 4 Plates: 34.50 x 18.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1526.","productDescription":"Report: v, 69 p.; 4 Plates: 34.50 x 18.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415379,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24449.htm"},{"id":247262,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247261,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29736,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247264,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247263,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1526/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Carnegie","otherGeospatial":"Chartiers Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.0714,\n              40.4206\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1194,\n              40.4206\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1194,\n              40.3189\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0714,\n              40.3189\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0714,\n              40.4206\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a33c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiitala, S.W.","contributorId":41806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiitala","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jetter, K.R.","contributorId":23126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jetter","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sommerville, Alan J.","contributorId":64640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommerville","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045414,"text":"wdrCO611 - 1961 - Surface water records of Colorado, 1961","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-22T14:44:25","indexId":"wdrCO611","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-61-1","title":"Surface water records of Colorado, 1961","docAbstract":"The surface-water records for the 1961 water year for gaging stations and miscellaneous sites within the State of Colorado are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, under the direction of W. T. Miller, district engineer, Surface Water Branch, succeeded by J. W. Odell.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO611","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of of Colorado and other agencies","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, W.R., 1961, Surface water records of Colorado, 1961: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-61-1, xii, 326 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO611.","productDescription":"xii, 326 p.","numberOfPages":"344","temporalStart":"1960-10-01","temporalEnd":"1961-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272539,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1961/co-61/report.pdf"},{"id":270917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1961/co-61/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.000,37.0000 ], [ -109.000,41.0000 ], [ -102.000,41.0000 ], [ -102.000,37.0000 ], [ -109.000,37.0000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216de4b0411d430a8a35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division","contributorId":102359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"U.S. Geological Survey","given":"Water","email":"","middleInitial":"Resources Division","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010660,"text":"70010660 - 1961 - Palæomagnetic evidence relevant to a change in the earth's radius","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T20:11:24.916515","indexId":"70010660","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palæomagnetic evidence relevant to a change in the earth's radius","docAbstract":"<p>INTEREST in the hypothesis that the Earth's radius has increased during geological history has been renewed in recent years because of several sets of independent observations and interpretations. From studies of the deformation of mountain ranges and the distribution of faults and oceans, Carey<sup>1</sup>&nbsp;proposes an increase in the Earth's area of 45 per cent since the Pal&aelig;ozoic era. Heezen<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;similarly interprets submarine topography as indicating that the oceans may be immense rift valleys formed by a pulling apart of the continents as the Earth expanded. Using a different approach, Egyed<sup>3,4</sup>&nbsp;infers a rate of increase of the Earth's radius of 0.4&ndash;0.8 mm. per year. This calculation is based on a decrease in the total amount of continental area covered by oceans during the past 400 million years, as determined pal&aelig;ographically. Egyed<sup>4</sup>&nbsp;has also pointed out the desirability of using pal&aelig;omagnetic data to test this hypothesis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/189045a0","usgsCitation":"Cox, A., and Doell, R., 1961, Palæomagnetic evidence relevant to a change in the earth's radius: Nature, v. 189, no. 4758, p. 45-47, https://doi.org/10.1038/189045a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"189","issue":"4758","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a739ee4b0c8380cd77151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Allan","contributorId":89949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doell, Richard R.","contributorId":66683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doell","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010750,"text":"70010750 - 1961 - Graphic and algebraic solutions of the discordant lead-uranium age problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-19T17:06:36.661078","indexId":"70010750","displayToPublicDate":"1961-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Graphic and algebraic solutions of the discordant lead-uranium age problem","docAbstract":"<p>Uranium-bearing minerals that give lead-uranium and lead—lead ages that are essentially in agreement, i.e. concordant, generally are considered to have had a relatively simple geologic history and to have been unaltered since their deposition. The concordant ages obtained on such materials are, therefore, assumed to approach closely the actual age of the minerals. Many uranium-bearing samples, particularly uranium ores, give the following discordant age sequences;<span> </span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msup><mtext>U</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>238</mn></msup><mtext>&amp;lt;</mtext><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msup><mtext>U</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>235</mn></msup><mtext>&amp;#x2AA1;</mtext><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msup><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Pb<sup>206</sup>U<sup>238</sup>&lt;Pb<sup>207</sup>U<sup>235</sup>⪡Pb<sup>207</sup>Pb<sup>206</sup></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>or, less frequently,<span> </span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msup><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msup><mtext>&amp;#x2AA1;</mtext><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msup><mtext>U</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>235</mn></msup><mtext>&amp;lt;</mtext><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msup><mtext>U</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>238</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Pb<sup>207</sup>Pb<sup>206</sup>⪡Pb<sup>207</sup>U<sup>235</sup>&lt;Pb<sup>206</sup>U<sup>238</sup></span></span></span>. These discordant age sequences have been attributed most often to uncertainties in the common lead correction, selective loss of radio-active daughter products, loss or gain of lead or uranium, or contamination by an older generation of radiogenic lead.</p><p>The evaluation of discordant lead isotope age data may be separated into two operations. The first operation, with which this paper is concerned, is mechanical in nature and involves the calculation of the different possible concordant ages corresponding to the various processes assumed to have produced the discordant ages. The second operation is more difficult to define and requires, in part, some personal judgement. It includes a synthesis of the possible concordant age solutions with other independent geologic and isotopic evidence. The concordant age ultimately chosen as most acceptable should be consistent not only with the known events in the geologic history of the area, the age relations of the enclosing rocks, and the mineralogic and paragenetic evidence, but also with other independent age measurements and the isotopic data obtained on the lead in related or associated non-radioactive minerals.</p><p>The calculation of the possible concordant ages from discordant age data has been greatly simplified by Wetherill's graphical method of plotting the mole ratios of radiogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msup><mtext>U</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>238</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Pb<sup>206</sup>U<sup>238</sup></span></span></span><sup><span>&nbsp;</span></sup>(<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>238</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">N<sup>206</sup>N<sup>238</sup></span></span></span>) vs. radiogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msup><mtext>U</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>235</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Pb<sup>207</sup>U<sup>235</sup></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>235</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">N<sup>207</sup>N<sup>235</sup></span></span></span>) after correcting for the contaminating common Pb<sup>206</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and Pb<sup>207</sup>. The linear relationships noted in this graphical procedure have been extended to plots of the mole ratios of total<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msup><mtext>U</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>238</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Pb<sup>206</sup>U<sup>238</sup></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>t</mn></msup><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>238</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>t</sup>N<sup>206</sup>N<sup>238</sup></span></span></span>) vs. total<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msup><mtext>U</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>235</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Pb<sup>207</sup>U<sup>235</sup></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>t</mn></msup><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>235</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>t</sup>N<sup>207</sup>N<sup>235</sup></span></span></span>). This modification permits the calculation of concordant ages for unaltered samples using only the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-11-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msup><mtext>Pb</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Pb<sup>207</sup>Pb<sup>206</sup></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>ratio of the contaminating common lead.</p><p>If isotopic data are available for two samples of the same age,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>y</i>, from the same or related deposits or outcrops, graphs of the normalized difference ratios<span class=\"display\"><span class=\"formula\"><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-12-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>[</mtext><mtext>(</mtext><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>204</mn></msub><mtext>)x &amp;#x2212; (</mtext><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>206</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>204</mn></msub><mtext>)y</mtext><mtext>(</mtext><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>238</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>204</mn></msub><mtext>)x &amp;#x2212;(</mtext><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>238</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>204</mn></msub><mtext>)y</mtext><mtext>] vs. [</mtext><mtext>(</mtext><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>204</mn></msub><mtext>)x &amp;#x2212; (</mtext><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>207</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>204</mn></msub><mtext>)y</mtext><mtext>(</mtext><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>235</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>204</mn></msub><mtext>)x &amp;#x2212;(</mtext><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>235</mn></msub><mtext>N</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>204</mn></msub><mtext>)y</mtext><mtext>]</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">[(N<sub>206</sub>N<sub>204</sub>)x − (N<sub>206</sub>N<sub>204</sub>)y(N<sub>238</sub>N<sub>204</sub>)x −(N<sub>238</sub>N<sub>204</sub>)y] vs. [(N<sub>207</sub>N<sub>204</sub>)x − (N<sub>207</sub>N<sub>204</sub>)y(N<sub>235</sub>N<sub>204</sub>)x −(N<sub>235</sub>N<sub>204</sub>)y] </span></span></span></span></span>can give concordant ages corrected for unknown amounts of a common lead with an unknown Pb<sup>207</sup>/ Pb<sup>206</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratio. (If thorium is absent the difference ratios may be normalized with the more abundant index isotope, Pb<sup>208</sup>.) Similar plots of tho normalized, difference ratios for three genetically related samples (<i>x</i><span>&nbsp;</span>−<span>&nbsp;</span><i>y</i>) and(<i>x</i><span>&nbsp;</span>−<span>&nbsp;</span><i>z</i>), will give concordant ages corrected, in addition, for either one unknown period of past alteration or initial contamination by an older generation of radiogenic lead of unknown Pb<sup>207</sup>/Pb<sup>206</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratio.</p><p>Practical numerical solutions for many of tho concordant age calculations are not currently available. However, the algebraic equivalents of these new graphical methods give equations which may be programmed for computing machines. For geologically probable parameters the equations of higher order have two positive real roots that rapidly converge on the exact concordant ages corrected for original radiogenic lead and for loss or gain of lead or uranium. Modifications of these general age equations expanded only to the second degree have been derived for use with desk calculators.</p><p>These graphical and algebraic methods clearly suggest both the type and minimum number of samples necessary for adequate mathematical analysis of discordant lead isotope age data. This mathematical treatment also makes it clear that discordant lead isotope data alone cannot provide the basis for the choice of one of the possible concordant age solutions. The new equations, in particular, provide an incentive to improve our physical constants, analytical techniques and sampling methods in order that we may derive all of the useful geologic information that is available in a comprehensive lead isotope age study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(61)90116-8","usgsCitation":"Stieff, L.R., and Stern, T.W., 1961, Graphic and algebraic solutions of the discordant lead-uranium age problem: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 22, no. 2-4, p. 176-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(61)90116-8.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29c9e4b0c8380cd5ac33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stieff, L. R.","contributorId":25619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stieff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stern, T. W.","contributorId":36122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179897,"text":"70179897 - 1960 - Ground-water areas and well logs, central Sevier Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T17:20:38","indexId":"70179897","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5271,"text":"Utah State Engineer Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"Ground-water areas and well logs, central Sevier Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Between September 1959 and June 1960 the United States Geological Survey and the Utah State Engineer, with financial assistance from Garfield, Millard, Piute, Sanpete, and Sevier Counties and from local water-users’ associations, cooperated in an investigation to determine the structural framework of the central Sevier Valley and to evaluate the valley’s ground-water potential. An important aspect of the study was the drilling of 22 test holes under private contract. These data and other data collected during the course of the larger ground-water investigation of which the test drilling was a part will be evaluated in a report on the geology and ground-water resources of the central Sevier Valley. The present report has been prepared to make available the logs of test holes and to describe in general terms the availability of ground water in the different areas of the valley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Young, R.A., 1960, Ground-water areas and well logs, central Sevier Valley, Utah: Utah State Engineer Information Bulletin 3, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=21-4-060"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Sevier Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881defae4b01192927da005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Richard A.","contributorId":38975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3194,"text":"wsp1541B - 1960 - Double-mass curves, with a section fitting curves to cyclic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T07:59:56","indexId":"wsp1541B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1541","chapter":"B","title":"Double-mass curves, with a section fitting curves to cyclic data","docAbstract":"The double.-mass curve is used to check the consistency of many kinds of hydrologic data by comparing data for a single station with that of a pattern composed of the data from several other stations in the area The double-mass curve can be used to adjust inconsistent precipitation data. \r\n\r\nThe graph of the cumulative data of one variable versus the cumulative data of a related variable is a straight line so long as the relation between the variables is a fixed ratio. Breaks in the double-mass curve of such variables are caused by changes in the relation between the variables. These changes may be due to changes in the method of data collection or to physical changes that affect the relation. \r\n\r\nApplications of the double-mass curve to precipitation, streamflow, and sediment data, and to precipitation-runoff relations are described. A statistical test for significance of an apparent break in the slope of the double-mass curve is described by an example. Poor correlation between the variables can prevent detection of inconsistencies in a record, but an increase in the length of record tends to offset the effect of poor correlation. \r\n\r\nThe residual-mass curve, which is a modification of the double-mass curve, magnifies imperceptible breaks in the double-mass curve for detailed study. Of the several methods of fitting a smooth curve to cyclic or periodic data, the moving-arc method and the double-integration method deserve greater use in hydrology. Both methods are described in this manual. The moving-arc method has general applicability, and the double integration method is useful in fitting a curve to cycles of sinusoidal form.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1541B","usgsCitation":"Searcy, J., Hardison, C.H., and Langbein, W., 1960, Double-mass curves, with a section fitting curves to cyclic data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1541, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1541B.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1541b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30179,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1541b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db496791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Searcy, James K.","contributorId":44519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Searcy","given":"James K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardison, Clayton H.","contributorId":46073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardison","given":"Clayton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langbein, Walter B.","contributorId":98294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"Walter B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3817,"text":"cir434 - 1960 - Progress report on use of water by riparian vegetation, Cottonwood Wash, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:39","indexId":"cir434","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"434","title":"Progress report on use of water by riparian vegetation, Cottonwood Wash, Arizona","docAbstract":"Measurements of streamflow, ground-water levels, and meterological data obtained in a 4.1-mile reach of the flood plain of Cottonwood Wash, Mohave County, Ariz., define the use of water by riparian vegetation in that part of the stream valley. The computed evapotranspiration loss during the growing season of 1959 was 175 acre-feet, which represented about 33 percent of the water that entered the reach. The maximum rate of loss during the season was slightly more than 8 acre-feet per week, or about 60 percent of the inflow. \r\n\r\nThe project reach is divided into two parts: An upstream subreach of 2.6 miles and a downstream subreach of 1.5 miles. Seasonal losses in the upstream and downstream subreaches were 75 and 100 acre-feet respectively. Losses in the shorter downstream subreach were larger because of the greater plant population. \r\n\r\nDuring the summer of 1960 the vegetation in the lower subreach will be chemically defoliated as a part of the experiment to determine the savings in water losses that can be effected by modifying riparian vegetation. Tests on chemical defoliants indicate that a single spraying eliminates the leaves on cottonwood trees for 7 or 8 days and that no permanent damage results.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir434","usgsCitation":"Hendricks, E.L., Kam, W., and Bowie, J.E., 1960, Progress report on use of water by riparian vegetation, Cottonwood Wash, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 434, iii, 11 p. :ill., map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir434.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. :ill., map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0434/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30887,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0434/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendricks, E. L.","contributorId":50126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kam, William","contributorId":85159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kam","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowie, James E.","contributorId":29393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowie","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3609,"text":"cir415 - 1960 - Water management, agriculture, and ground-water supplies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir415","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"415","title":"Water management, agriculture, and ground-water supplies","docAbstract":"Encyclopedic data on world geography strikingly illustrate the drastic inequity in the distribution of the world's water supply. About 97 percent of the total volume of water is in the world's oceans. The area of continents and islands not under icecaps, glaciers, lakes, and inland seas is about 57.5 million square miles, of which 18 million (36 percent) is arid to semiarid. The total world supply of water is about 326.5 million cubic miles, of which about 317 million is in the oceans and about 9.4 million is in the land areas. Atmospheric moisture is equivalent to only about 3,100 cubic miles of water. \r\n\r\nThe available and accessible supply of ground water in the United States is somewhat more than 53,000 cubic miles (about 180 billion acre ft). The amount of fresh water on the land areas of the world at any one time is roughly 30,300 cubic miles and more than a fourth of this is in large fresh-water lakes on the North American Continent. \r\n\r\nAnnual recharge of ground water in the United States may average somewhat more than 1 billion acre-feet yearly, but the total volume of ground water in storage is equivalent to all the recharge in about the last 160 years. This accumulation of ground water is the nation's only reserve water resource, but already it is being withdrawn or mined on a large scale in a few areas. \r\n\r\nThe principal withdrawals of water in the United States are for agriculture and industry. Only 7.4 percent of agricultural land is irrigated, however; so natural soil moisture is the principal source of agricultural water, and on that basis agriculture is incomparably the largest water user. In view of current forecasts of population and industrial expansion, new commitments of water for agriculture should be scrutinized very closely, and thorough justification should be required. The 17 Western States no longer contain all the large irrigation developments. Nearly 10 percent of the irrigated area is in States east of the western bloc, chiefly in several Southeastern States. \r\n\r\nGround water is not completely 'self-renewing' because, where it is being mined, the reserve is being diminished and the reserve would be renewed only if pumping were stopped. \r\n\r\nWater is being mined at the rate of 5 million acre-feet per year in Arizona and 6 million in the High Plains of Texas. In contrast, water has been going into storage in the Snake River Plain of Idaho, where deep percolation from surface-water irrigation has added about 10 million acre-feet of storage since irrigation began. \r\n\r\nSituations in California illustrate problems of land subsidence resulting from pumping and use of water, and deterioration of ground-water reservoirs due to sea-water invasion. Much water development in the United States has been haphazard and rarely has there been integrated development of ground water and surface water. Competition is sharpening and new codes of water law are in the making. New laws, however, will not prevent the consequences of bad management. An important task for water management is to recognize the contingencies that may arise in the future and to prepare for them. \r\n\r\nThe three most important tasks at hand are to make more efficient use of water, to develop improved quantitative evaluations of water supplies arid their quality, and to develop management practices which are based on scientific hydrology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir415","usgsCitation":"Nace, R.L., 1960, Water management, agriculture, and ground-water supplies: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 415, 12 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir415.","productDescription":"12 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0415/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30645,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0415/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nace, Raymond L.","contributorId":93460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nace","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1797,"text":"wsp1488 - 1960 - The geology and ground-water resources of Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T20:24:07.378165","indexId":"wsp1488","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1488","title":"The geology and ground-water resources of Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>Large quantities of fresh ground water are available in Calcasieu Parish. Fresh water is present in sand of Recent, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and Miocene ages, although locally only small supplies for rural or stock use can be obtained from the shallow sand lenses of Recent and Pleistocene ages. The principal fresh-water-bearing sands are the '200-foot,' '500-foot,' and '700-foot' sands of the Chicot aquifer of Pleistocene age, from which 105 million gallons is pumped daily. A yield of as much as 4,500 gpm (gallons per minute) has been obtained from a single well. The sands are typical of the Chicot aquifer throughout southwestern Louisiana in that generally they grade from fine sand at the top to coarse sand and gravel at the base of the aquifer. The coefficient of permeability of the principal sands in Calcasieu Parish ranges from 660 to about 2,000 gpd (gallons per day) per square foot and averages 1,200 gpd per square foot. The permeability of the sands generally varies with textural changes. The maximum depth of occurrence of fresh ground water in Calcasieu Parish ranges from about 700 feet to 2,500 feet below mean sea level; locally, however, where the sands overlie structures associated with oil fields, the maximum depth is less than 300 feet. Pumping has caused water levels to decline, at varying rates, in all the sands. In the '200-foot' sand they are declining at a rate of about 2 feet per year. In the industrial district of Calcasieu Parish, levels in the '500-foot' sand are declining at a rate of about 5 feet per year, and in the '700-foot' sand at a rate of about 3.5 feet per year. Salt-water contamination is accompanying the water-level decline in the '700-foot' sand in the central part of the parish. Quality-of-water data indicate that water from wells screened in the Chicot aquifer generally is suitable for some uses without treatment but would require treatment to be satisfactory for other uses. The temperature of the water ranges from 70° to 79°F. The lenticular sands of Pliocene and Miocene ages have not been used as a source of fresh ground water in Calcasieu Parish; however, north of the Houston River these formations contain fresh water, and the water contained in these formations in other parts of southwestern Louisiana is known to be soft and suitable for most purposes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1488","usgsCitation":"Harder, A., 1960, The geology and ground-water resources of Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1488, Report: vi, 102 p.; 9 Plates: 28.00 × 21.86 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1488.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 102 p.; 9 Plates: 28.00 × 21.86 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26948,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26947,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26946,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109949,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24429.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24429"},{"id":26945,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26944,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26943,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26942,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26950,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26941,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26949,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1488/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Calcasieu Parish","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.1321,30.4033],[-93.1311,30.3804],[-93.0601,30.3796],[-93.0331,30.3795],[-93.031,30.3796],[-93.0312,30.3361],[-93.0316,30.3288],[-93.0312,30.3059],[-93.0309,30.2624],[-92.9971,30.2624],[-92.997,30.2313],[-92.9962,30.1577],[-92.8932,30.1586],[-92.8952,30.1476],[-92.8915,30.1467],[-92.8893,30.1421],[-92.8945,30.1384],[-92.9013,30.1324],[-92.9044,30.1314],[-92.9075,30.1259],[-92.9089,30.1181],[-92.9041,30.1136],[-92.8982,30.1091],[-92.8981,30.1049],[-92.896,30.1004],[-92.8917,30.0972],[-92.8911,30.0913],[-92.8904,30.0867],[-92.8893,30.0831],[-92.9922,30.084],[-92.9951,30.04],[-93.0642,30.0404],[-93.1149,30.0406],[-93.1291,30.0404],[-93.1294,30.0541],[-93.333,30.0541],[-93.6231,30.0535],[-93.7218,30.0543],[-93.7204,30.0572],[-93.7201,30.06],[-93.7204,30.0632],[-93.72,30.0653],[-93.7184,30.0667],[-93.7168,30.0663],[-93.7147,30.0649],[-93.713,30.0627],[-93.7114,30.059],[-93.7092,30.0559],[-93.7063,30.0555],[-93.7036,30.0558],[-93.7019,30.0571],[-93.7006,30.0597],[-93.7009,30.0615],[-93.7036,30.0661],[-93.7058,30.0674],[-93.7084,30.068],[-93.7121,30.0687],[-93.7153,30.069],[-93.7175,30.0704],[-93.7213,30.0749],[-93.7276,30.0797],[-93.7296,30.0811],[-93.7326,30.0836],[-93.7348,30.0865],[-93.7349,30.0897],[-93.7333,30.0911],[-93.7312,30.0907],[-93.7295,30.0894],[-93.7281,30.0875],[-93.7263,30.0858],[-93.7237,30.0863],[-93.7228,30.0872],[-93.7233,30.0886],[-93.7236,30.0909],[-93.7239,30.0936],[-93.7229,30.0959],[-93.721,30.0972],[-93.7182,30.0987],[-93.7166,30.1001],[-93.7153,30.1033],[-93.7142,30.1061],[-93.7138,30.1084],[-93.7127,30.1095],[-93.7112,30.1103],[-93.7094,30.1107],[-93.7073,30.111],[-93.7048,30.1109],[-93.704,30.1118],[-93.7033,30.1128],[-93.7033,30.1145],[-93.7034,30.116],[-93.7041,30.1178],[-93.7056,30.1187],[-93.7072,30.12],[-93.7078,30.1214],[-93.7069,30.122],[-93.7046,30.1228],[-93.7032,30.1232],[-93.702,30.1242],[-93.7014,30.1254],[-93.7016,30.1291],[-93.7017,30.1311],[-93.7018,30.1337],[-93.7013,30.1357],[-93.7003,30.1376],[-93.6992,30.1389],[-93.6977,30.139],[-93.6961,30.1381],[-93.6944,30.1368],[-93.692,30.1372],[-93.6908,30.1377],[-93.6892,30.1396],[-93.6893,30.141],[-93.6906,30.1417],[-93.693,30.1436],[-93.6945,30.1465],[-93.6947,30.1482],[-93.6953,30.1498],[-93.6964,30.1518],[-93.6986,30.1532],[-93.7007,30.1527],[-93.7031,30.1516],[-93.7048,30.1503],[-93.7058,30.148],[-93.7082,30.1478],[-93.7085,30.1484],[-93.708,30.1496],[-93.707,30.1511],[-93.707,30.1534],[-93.7069,30.1569],[-93.7057,30.1591],[-93.7046,30.1604],[-93.7027,30.1631],[-93.7026,30.1663],[-93.7023,30.1686],[-93.7017,30.1709],[-93.702,30.1727],[-93.704,30.1746],[-93.7055,30.1759],[-93.7075,30.1776],[-93.709,30.1781],[-93.7104,30.1805],[-93.711,30.1822],[-93.7111,30.1868],[-93.7122,30.19],[-93.7138,30.1921],[-93.7151,30.195],[-93.7156,30.1977],[-93.7163,30.2001],[-93.7179,30.2031],[-93.7191,30.2057],[-93.7204,30.209],[-93.7202,30.2104],[-93.7192,30.2122],[-93.7198,30.2145],[-93.7198,30.2168],[-93.7188,30.2177],[-93.7171,30.218],[-93.7157,30.2187],[-93.7136,30.222],[-93.7132,30.2247],[-93.7128,30.226],[-93.712,30.2287],[-93.7128,30.2302],[-93.7129,30.2334],[-93.7121,30.2352],[-93.7104,30.2355],[-93.7089,30.235],[-93.7073,30.2344],[-93.706,30.2349],[-93.7061,30.2363],[-93.7066,30.2372],[-93.7072,30.2395],[-93.7067,30.2404],[-93.7063,30.2412],[-93.7052,30.2418],[-93.7057,30.2427],[-93.7072,30.2436],[-93.7081,30.245],[-93.7084,30.2478],[-93.7082,30.2505],[-93.7075,30.2528],[-93.7066,30.2546],[-93.7051,30.2572],[-93.7051,30.2597],[-93.7063,30.2614],[-93.7079,30.2633],[-93.7076,30.2656],[-93.708,30.2674],[-93.7096,30.2696],[-93.7107,30.2714],[-93.7102,30.2731],[-93.7087,30.2742],[-93.7061,30.2757],[-93.7056,30.2775],[-93.706,30.2797],[-93.7069,30.2821],[-93.7082,30.2858],[-93.7085,30.2875],[-93.7096,30.2893],[-93.711,30.2906],[-93.7134,30.292],[-93.7145,30.2931],[-93.7182,30.2951],[-93.7214,30.2959],[-93.722,30.2964],[-93.7241,30.2979],[-93.7268,30.2988],[-93.7295,30.2985],[-93.7321,30.2985],[-93.7348,30.2998],[-93.738,30.3006],[-93.7412,30.302],[-93.7428,30.3028],[-93.7444,30.3046],[-93.7448,30.3058],[-93.7441,30.3085],[-93.7451,30.3097],[-93.7462,30.3105],[-93.7481,30.3115],[-93.7489,30.3143],[-93.7488,30.3161],[-93.7496,30.3183],[-93.7507,30.3201],[-93.7526,30.3214],[-93.7546,30.3233],[-93.755,30.325],[-93.7543,30.3274],[-93.7541,30.3291],[-93.7552,30.33],[-93.7556,30.3312],[-93.7571,30.3326],[-93.7597,30.3328],[-93.7614,30.332],[-93.7626,30.3313],[-93.7637,30.3317],[-93.7637,30.3335],[-93.7633,30.3354],[-93.7628,30.3381],[-93.7629,30.3398],[-93.7633,30.3421],[-93.764,30.3436],[-93.7635,30.3454],[-93.7628,30.3481],[-93.7621,30.35],[-93.7616,30.3519],[-93.7619,30.3535],[-93.7606,30.3558],[-93.7595,30.3566],[-93.7589,30.3579],[-93.7591,30.3588],[-93.7593,30.3598],[-93.7581,30.3606],[-93.7566,30.3601],[-93.7545,30.3595],[-93.7534,30.3604],[-93.7533,30.3617],[-93.7551,30.3639],[-93.7567,30.3656],[-93.7576,30.3675],[-93.7573,30.3689],[-93.7558,30.3701],[-93.7546,30.3719],[-93.7548,30.3749],[-93.7549,30.3781],[-93.7555,30.3799],[-93.7566,30.3817],[-93.7564,30.3835],[-93.7552,30.3852],[-93.7562,30.3867],[-93.7576,30.3881],[-93.7573,30.3899],[-93.7563,30.3909],[-93.7537,30.3923],[-93.7524,30.3938],[-93.7518,30.3951],[-93.7506,30.396],[-93.7485,30.3968],[-93.7459,30.3979],[-93.7438,30.3994],[-93.7423,30.4015],[-93.7411,30.4037],[-93.6947,30.4035],[-93.4875,30.4038],[-93.4865,30.4908],[-93.4186,30.4901],[-93.4074,30.4903],[-93.3846,30.4902],[-93.3848,30.4756],[-93.3841,30.4688],[-93.3859,30.4051],[-93.2603,30.4045],[-93.14,30.4031],[-93.1321,30.4033]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Calcasieu\",\"state\":\"LA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harder, Alfred H.","contributorId":47344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harder","given":"Alfred H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3499,"text":"cir423 - 1960 - Occurrence of ground waters of low hardness and of high chloride content in Lyon County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:13:04","indexId":"cir423","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"423","title":"Occurrence of ground waters of low hardness and of high chloride content in Lyon County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The ground water in Lyon County and elsewhere in southwestern Minnesota is generally hard and low in chloride. It is the purpose of this report to describe briefly the occurrence in Lyon County of waters of low hardness and of high chloride content. The waters are found largely in Cretaceous sandstone.</p>\n<p>The data were collected in conjunction with a countywide study of the geology and groundwater resources that is being made as part of a statewide investigation in cooperation with the Division of Waters, Minnesota Department of Conservation. The work is under the direct supervision of the junior author, who is district geologist for Minnesota.</p>\n<p>Hardness and chloride determinations were made with field-testing kits at the time data were obtained on most of the farm wells in the county. Tests were made on wells that were reported to yield relatively soft or \"salty\" water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir423","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Division of Waters, Minnesota Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Rodis, H.G., and Schneider, R., 1960, Occurrence of ground waters of low hardness and of high chloride content in Lyon County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 423, iii, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir423.","productDescription":"iii, 2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0423/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0423/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Lyon County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-96.0914,44.631],[-95.6023,44.6309],[-95.6028,44.5433],[-95.5938,44.5434],[-95.5921,44.1964],[-96.0628,44.1987],[-96.0788,44.1993],[-96.0747,44.5455],[-96.0932,44.5456],[-96.0914,44.631]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lyon\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db6923bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodis, Harry G.","contributorId":25141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodis","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":46261,"text":"ofr6046 - 1960 - Maps showing magnetic data for southern Dickinson County, Michigan","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46261,"text":"ofr6046 - 1960 - Maps showing magnetic data for southern Dickinson County, Michigan","indexId":"ofr6046","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Maps showing magnetic data for southern Dickinson County, Michigan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5686,"text":"pp513 - 1966 - Geology of the Menominee iron-bearing district, Dickinson County, Michigan, and Florence and Marinette Counties, Wisconsin","indexId":"pp513","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Menominee iron-bearing district, Dickinson County, Michigan, and Florence and Marinette Counties, Wisconsin"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":5686,"text":"pp513 - 1966 - Geology of the Menominee iron-bearing district, Dickinson County, Michigan, and Florence and Marinette Counties, Wisconsin","indexId":"pp513","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Menominee iron-bearing district, Dickinson County, Michigan, and Florence and Marinette Counties, Wisconsin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-06T14:38:02","indexId":"ofr6046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-46","title":"Maps showing magnetic data for southern Dickinson County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr6046","usgsCitation":"Dutton, C.E., 1960, Maps showing magnetic data for southern Dickinson County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-46, 9 Plates: 37.27 x 40.74 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6046.","productDescription":"9 Plates: 37.27 x 40.74 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368995,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0046/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":172161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":368996,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0046/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":368997,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0046/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":368998,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0046/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":368999,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0046/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369000,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0046/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369001,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0046/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369002,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0046/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369003,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0046/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Dickinson County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.10073852539062,\n              45.74931859146163\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.70248413085938,\n              45.74931859146163\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.70248413085938,\n              45.9950535443403\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.10073852539062,\n              45.9950535443403\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.10073852539062,\n              45.74931859146163\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605c45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dutton, Carl E.","contributorId":27418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45982,"text":"ofr6047 - 1960 - Low-flow frequency data in Tennessee","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":45982,"text":"ofr6047 - 1960 - Low-flow frequency data in Tennessee","indexId":"ofr6047","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow frequency data in Tennessee"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":9181,"text":"ofr78807 - 1978 - Low-flow and flow duration of Tennessee streams","indexId":"ofr78807","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow and flow duration of Tennessee streams"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":9181,"text":"ofr78807 - 1978 - Low-flow and flow duration of Tennessee streams","indexId":"ofr78807","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow and flow duration of Tennessee streams"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr6047","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-47","title":"Low-flow frequency data in Tennessee","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6047","usgsCitation":"Eaton, W.R., 1960, Low-flow frequency data in Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-47, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6047.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eaton, W. Robert","contributorId":92716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47385,"text":"b1082K - 1960 - Chromite and other mineral deposits in serpentine rocks of the Piedmont Upland, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47385,"text":"b1082K - 1960 - Chromite and other mineral deposits in serpentine rocks of the Piedmont Upland, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware","indexId":"b1082K","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Chromite and other mineral deposits in serpentine rocks of the Piedmont Upland, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33208,"text":"b1082 - 1962 - Contributions to economic geology, 1958","indexId":"b1082","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1958"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33208,"text":"b1082 - 1962 - Contributions to economic geology, 1958","indexId":"b1082","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1958"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T15:03:08","indexId":"b1082K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1082","chapter":"K","title":"Chromite and other mineral deposits in serpentine rocks of the Piedmont Upland, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware","docAbstract":"<p>The Piedmont Upland in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware is about 160 miles long and at the most 50 miles wide. Rocks that underlie the province are the Baltimore gneiss of Precambrian age and quartzite, gneiss, schist, marble, phyllite, and greenstone, which make up the Glenarm series of early Paleozoic (?) age. These are intruded by granitic, gabbroic, and ultramaflc igneous rocks. Most of the ultramaflc rocks, originally peridotite, pyroxenite, and dunite, have been partly or completely altered to serpentine and talc; they are all designated by the general term serpentine. The bodies of serpentine are commonly elongate and conformable with the enclosing rocks. Many have been extensively quarried for building, decorative, and crushed stone. In addition, chromite, titaniferous magnetite, rutile, talc and soapstone, amphibole asbestos, magnesite, sodium- rich feldspar (commercially known as soda spar), and corundum have been mined or prospected for in the serpentine. </p><p>Both high-grade massive chromite and lower grade disseminated chromite occur in very irregular and unpredictable form in the serpentine, and placer deposits of chromite are in and near streams that drain areas underlain by serpentine. A group of unusual minerals, among them kammererite, are typical associates of high-grade massive chromite but are rare in lower grade deposits. </p><p>Chromite was first discovered in the United States at Bare Hills, Md., around 1810. Between 1820 and 1850, additional deposits were discovered and mined in Maryland and Pennsylvania, including the largest deposit of massive chromite ever found in the United States the Wood deposit, in the State Line district. A second period of extensive chromite mining came during the late 1860's and early 1870's. </p><p>Production figures are incomplete and conflicting. Estimates from the available data indicate that the aggregate production from 27 of 40 known mines before 1900 totaled between 250,000 and 280,000 tons of lode-chromite ore; information is lacking for the other 13. Placer deposits produced considerably more than 15,000 tons of chromite concentrates. Exploratory work in several of the mines and placer deposits during World War I produced about 1,500 long tons of chromite ore, 920 tons of which was sold.</p><p>Most of the chromite from Maryland and Pennsylvania was used to manufacture chemical compounds, pigments, and dyes before metallurgical and refractory uses for chromite were developed. Available analyses of the ores indicate that they would satisfy modern requirements for chemical-grade chromite. With the exception of such deposits as the Line Pit and Red Pit mines, the chromite contains too much iron for the best metallurgical grade, but many would be satisfactory low-grade metallurgical chromite. Perhaps 30,000 to 50,000 tons of chromite concentrates that would range from 30 to 54 percent Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> could be obtained from placer deposits in the State Line and Soldiers Delight districts. A small tonnage of chromite remains in dumps at six of the old mines. Lode and placer deposits in the Philadelphia district, placers in Montgomery County, Md., and possible downward extensions of known ore bodies below the floors of high-grade mines now flooded have not been completely explored. Although other chromite deposits probably lie concealed at relatively shallow depths, no practical method of finding them has been developed.</p><p>Small deposits of titaniferous iron ore in serpentine were mined for iron before 1900, but the titanium content troubled furnace operators. Ore bodies are similar in occurrence to chromite deposits; they are massive or disseminated and are found near the edges of serpentine intrusive rocks. The small size of the deposits and comparatively low titanium content limit their importance as a potential source of titanium. </p><p>A single rutile deposit in Harford County, Md., has been prospected but not mined. Pockets in schistose chlorite rock, probably altered from pyroxenite, contain as much as 16 percent rutile and average 8 percent. Rutile-bearing rock has been proved to a depth of about 58 feet. </p><p>Talc and soapstone deposits that have been worked in the State Line and Jarrettsville-Dublin districts are the result of steatitization of serpentine at its contact with intrusive sodium-rich pegmatites. Deposits in the Marriottsville and Philadelphia districts seem to be related to shear or crush zones in the serpentine, which served as channelways for steatitizing solutions. Massive soapstone was extensively used in the 19th century for furnace, fireplace, and stove linings and for washtubs and bathtubs. Every year from 1906 until 1960 talc and soapstone have been produced from one or more of the deposits in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Deposits near Dublin and Marriottsville, Md., have produced steadily for years and production continues. Lava-grade steatite from Dublin, Md., is manufactured into ceramic products for electrical and refractory purposes. </p><p>Slip-fiber amphibole asbestos deposits were known in the area as early as 1837, but early production was limited. The product was used mostly for linings of safes, boiler covers, and paints. During World War I the demand for domestic asbestos for chemical filters led to further development of deposits in Maryland. Between 1916 and 1940 many small veins of good-quality tremolite and anthophyllite were mined, and the fiber was prepared for market at Woodlawn, Md. Only the upper parts of veins, softened by weathering, were usable. Because prospecting was reportedly fairly thorough and known deposits are said to be mined out, and because demand for amphibole asbestos is limited, the possibility of future asbestos production from the area seems small, except as a byproduct of talc quarrying. </p><p>Magnesite from several mines in Pennsylvania and Maryland was much in demand between 1828 and 1871 for the manufacture of epsom salt. Exploratory work at the old Goat Hill mines in 1921 indicated that the product could not be profitably prepared for market at that time. Although reportedly high grade, the magnesite veins are thin and small in comparison with other domestic deposits.</p><p>Sodium-rich feldspar and corundum deposits occur in pegmatites that are unusual because they characteristically contain little or no quartz and mica and because, insofar as known, they are confined to serpentine rocks. Many of the known deposits of sodium-rich feldspar commercial soda-spar are reportedly mined out. It is possible, however, that other commercial deposits will be found in the area. </p><p>At various times from 1825 until about 1892 in Pennsylvania, corundum mined or found at the surface was used to meet a demand of the abrasives industry. The increased use of artificial abrasives has diminished the demand for natural corundum, and interest in the small, irregular Pennsylvania deposits is at present largely historical or mineralogical.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to economic geology, 1958","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1082K","usgsCitation":"Pearre, N., and Heyl, A.V., 1960, Chromite and other mineral deposits in serpentine rocks of the Piedmont Upland, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1082, Report: vii, 126 p.; 8 Plates: 29.51 x 17.78 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1082K.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 126 p.; 8 Plates: 29.51 x 17.78 inches or smaller","startPage":"707","endPage":"833","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082k/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":109308,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20752.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20752"},{"id":100033,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082k/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.80 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":100034,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082k/plate-40.pdf","text":"Plate 40","size":"1.66 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 40"},{"id":100035,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082k/plate-41.pdf","text":"Plate 41","size":"2.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 41"},{"id":100036,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082k/plate-42.pdf","text":"Plate 42","size":"1.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 42"},{"id":100037,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082k/plate-43.pdf","text":"Plate 43","size":"472 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 43"},{"id":100038,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082k/plate-44.pdf","text":"Plate 44","size":"325 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 44"},{"id":100039,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082k/plate-45.pdf","text":"Plate 45","size":"536 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 45"},{"id":100040,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082k/plate-46.pdf","text":"Plate 46","size":"389 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 46"},{"id":100041,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1082k/plate-47.pdf","text":"Plate 47","size":"640 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 47"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.45361328125,\n              39.07464374293251\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0640869140625,\n              39.07464374293251\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0640869140625,\n              40.51797520038851\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.45361328125,\n              40.51797520038851\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.45361328125,\n              39.07464374293251\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearre, Nancy C.","contributorId":88208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearre","given":"Nancy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heyl, Allen V. Jr.","contributorId":81168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyl","given":"Allen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":52125,"text":"ofr60113 - 1960 - Summary of some physical data from five vertical drill holes over the U12b.04 (Evans) explosion chamber, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:32","indexId":"ofr60113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-113","title":"Summary of some physical data from five vertical drill holes over the U12b.04 (Evans) explosion chamber, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr60113","usgsCitation":"Poole, F.G., and Roller, J., 1960, Summary of some physical data from five vertical drill holes over the U12b.04 (Evans) explosion chamber, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-113, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr60113.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poole, F. G. 0000-0001-8487-0799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-0799","contributorId":104883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":244844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roller, J.C.","contributorId":12507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roller","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":52000,"text":"ofr4960 - 1960 - Ground-water data for Fairbanks area, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52000,"text":"ofr4960 - 1960 - Ground-water data for Fairbanks area, Alaska","indexId":"ofr4960","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water data for Fairbanks area, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1125,"text":"wsp1539B - 1961 - Jet drilling in the Fairbanks area, Alaska","indexId":"wsp1539B","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Jet drilling in the Fairbanks area, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1125,"text":"wsp1539B - 1961 - Jet drilling in the Fairbanks area, Alaska","indexId":"wsp1539B","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Jet drilling in the Fairbanks area, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T20:30:44.7714","indexId":"ofr4960","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-60","title":"Ground-water data for Fairbanks area, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>A compilation of records of about 450 wells in the Fairbanks area is presented herein. The data were collected by D. J. Cedarstrom and Troy L. Pewe during the first phases of an investigation by the United States Geological Survey of the permafrost, terrain, and water resources of the Fairbanks area. The enclosed map of the area, showing well locations, was prepared by the Regional Sanitary Engineer, Sanitation and Engineering, Alaska Department of Health and Welfare. The data were released to the Survey's open file in 1948, but are reproduced in the Alaska Department of Health and Welfare Hydrological Data series to insure preservation.</p><p>Where known, the data include for each well the names of the owner and driller; the depth of the well; the depth to the top and bottom of permafrost; and the reported quality of water. The well records and location may be very useful for future subsurface investigations or construction.</p><p>The well location map was based on the Fairbanks street names as of 1948. Since that time, many of the street names and the numbering system have changed. Hence, the reader should not refer to the address of a particular well, but to the well number when locating a well on the map.</p><p>The Geological Survey has recompiled the well data in the Fairbanks area for its final phase of a ground-water study. Data through 1954 is to be presented in a Water-Supply Paper now in preparation. Pertinent portions of the enclosed well data will be presented in the forthcoming report.</p><p>Some of the enclosed well data, and additional well logs, have been published in a report (Pewe, Troy L., 1958, Geology of the Fairbanks (D-2) quadrangle, Alaska: U. S. Geological Survey GQ 110) describing the geology and subsurface conditions in the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4960","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Health, Section of Sanitation and Engineering","usgsCitation":"Cedarstrom, D., 1960, Ground-water data for Fairbanks area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-60, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4960.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0060/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0060/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.22749987357338,\n              64.98119263206294\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.22749987357338,\n              64.72911296540764\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.06294909232344,\n              64.72911296540764\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.06294909232344,\n              64.98119263206294\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.22749987357338,\n              64.98119263206294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640c25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cedarstrom, D.J.","contributorId":102127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cedarstrom","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52083,"text":"ofr6041 - 1960 - Appendix A \"Tables of basic data for wells on Edwards Air Force Base,\"; Appendix B \"Tables of basic data for areas outside Edwards Air Force Base\"","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52083,"text":"ofr6041 - 1960 - Appendix A \"Tables of basic data for wells on Edwards Air Force Base,\"; Appendix B \"Tables of basic data for areas outside Edwards Air Force Base\"","indexId":"ofr6041","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Appendix A \"Tables of basic data for wells on Edwards Air Force Base,\"; Appendix B \"Tables of basic data for areas outside Edwards Air Force Base\""},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047838,"text":"70047838 - 1962 - Data on wells in the Edwards Air Force Base area, California","indexId":"70047838","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Data on wells in the Edwards Air Force Base area, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047838,"text":"70047838 - 1962 - Data on wells in the Edwards Air Force Base area, California","indexId":"70047838","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Data on wells in the Edwards Air Force Base area, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-26T15:12:13","indexId":"ofr6041","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-41","title":"Appendix A \"Tables of basic data for wells on Edwards Air Force Base,\"; Appendix B \"Tables of basic data for areas outside Edwards Air Force Base\"","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6041","usgsCitation":"Dutcher, L., and Hiltzen, W., 1960, Appendix A \"Tables of basic data for wells on Edwards Air Force Base,\"; Appendix B \"Tables of basic data for areas outside Edwards Air Force Base\": U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-41, 199 p., 2 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6041.","productDescription":"199 p., 2 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dutcher, L.C.","contributorId":42191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutcher","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiltzen, W.J.","contributorId":107773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiltzen","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":52090,"text":"ofr6054 - 1960 - Research and basic data in water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:29","indexId":"ofr6054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-54","title":"Research and basic data in water quality","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6054","usgsCitation":"Geurin, J., 1960, Research and basic data in water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-54, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6054.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64471e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geurin, J.W.","contributorId":59784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geurin","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52096,"text":"ofr6064 - 1960 - Hydrologic data and drillers' logs, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:35","indexId":"ofr6064","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-64","title":"Hydrologic data and drillers' logs, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6064","usgsCitation":"Heindl, L., and Cosner, O.J., 1960, Hydrologic data and drillers' logs, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-64, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6064.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heindl, L.A.","contributorId":52150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heindl","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cosner, O. J.","contributorId":19587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosner","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":52107,"text":"ofr6077 - 1960 - Progress report number 2: investigations of some sedimentation characteristics of sand-bed streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-27T01:01:44","indexId":"ofr6077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-77","title":"Progress report number 2: investigations of some sedimentation characteristics of sand-bed streams","docAbstract":"Hydraulic and sediment characteristics at six river sections upstream and downstream from the confluence of the Middle Loup and Dismal Rivers were measured and studied to determine some of the interrelationships between variables and the differences that exist between common variables when two flows unite. The two streams, which flow through the Sandhills region of Nebraska, have about the same water discharge, sediment concentration, and particle-size distribution of suspended sediment and bed material. Sediment discharges and flow resistances varied widely, although water discharges remained almost constant. The factor affecting the variations was water temperature, which ranged from 32&deg; to 80&deg; F. The bed form, which also varied with the water temperature, seemed to have a dominating influence on the sediment discharge, flow resistance, and possibly the vertical distribution of velocity and suspended sediment. Multiple regression with parameters derived from dimensional analysis yielded an expression for predicting the flow resistance and the widths and depths of individual channel sections. Contrary to those near many other confluences, slopes were steeper and channels were wider downstream from the junction of the two rivers than they were upstream. An investigation of specific sediment-transport phenomena and field procedures was made during 1956 and 1957 in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The purposes of this investigation were to provide information on the regime of rivers and to improve the procedures related to the collection of sediment data. The basic data and results of the studies made in 1956 were presented in progress report number 1, \"Investigations of Some Sedimentation Characteristics of a Sand-Bed Stream.\" Some of the basic data and results of the studies made in 1957 are given in this report.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6077","collaboration":"Prepared as part of a program of the Department of the Interior for development of the Missouri River basin","usgsCitation":"Hubbell, D.W., 1960, Progress report number 2: investigations of some sedimentation characteristics of sand-bed streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-77, 53 p.; Tables: pgs. 54-78, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6077.","productDescription":"53 p.; Tables: pgs. 54-78","startPage":"1","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"78","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_60_77.jpg"},{"id":257892,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/hubbell/Hubbell_et_al_1960.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6495d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbell, D. W.","contributorId":15997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52126,"text":"ofr60115 - 1960 - \"Granite\" exploration hole, area 15, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada--Interim report, Part B, Hydrologic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:32","indexId":"ofr60115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-115","title":"\"Granite\" exploration hole, area 15, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada--Interim report, Part B, Hydrologic data","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr60115","usgsCitation":"Price, C., 1960, \"Granite\" exploration hole, area 15, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada--Interim report, Part B, Hydrologic data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-115, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr60115.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4900e4b0b290850eecbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, C.E.","contributorId":19642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52133,"text":"ofr60129 - 1960 - Lowest mean discharge and flow duration data by years at selected gaging stations in the Mississippi Embayment area","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52133,"text":"ofr60129 - 1960 - Lowest mean discharge and flow duration data by years at selected gaging stations in the Mississippi Embayment area","indexId":"ofr60129","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Lowest mean discharge and flow duration data by years at selected gaging stations in the Mississippi Embayment area"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":32717,"text":"pp448G - 1966 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Mississippi embayment in southern Arkansas, northern Louisiana and northeastern Texas with a section on quality of the water","indexId":"pp448G","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Mississippi embayment in southern Arkansas, northern Louisiana and northeastern Texas with a section on quality of the water"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":32717,"text":"pp448G - 1966 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Mississippi embayment in southern Arkansas, northern Louisiana and northeastern Texas with a section on quality of the water","indexId":"pp448G","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Mississippi embayment in southern Arkansas, northern Louisiana and northeastern Texas with a section on quality of the water"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:28","indexId":"ofr60129","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-129","title":"Lowest mean discharge and flow duration data by years at selected gaging stations in the Mississippi Embayment area","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr60129","usgsCitation":"Speer, P.R., 1960, Lowest mean discharge and flow duration data by years at selected gaging stations in the Mississippi Embayment area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-129, 666 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr60129.","productDescription":"666 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6489cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speer, P. R.","contributorId":104948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}